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INTRODUCTION

Types of AnemiaHypoproliferative HemolysisAnemia caused by decreased erythrocyte productionthe premature destruction of erythrocytes

A.Hypoproliferative

Decreased production may be due to

Defective DNA synthesis

COBALAMIN/VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY

Clinical Manifestations

Low HbHematocrit and RBC levels.

Medical Management:

COBALAMIN /VITAMIN B12 THERAPY

Iron Supplements

Digestants

B. Folic Acid deficiency

Clinical Manifestations

Folic acid, like vitamin B12, is necessary for DNA synthesis.The client, often thin and emaciated, usually appears quite ill.

Medical ManagementReceives Oral doses of folic acid 0.1 to 5 mg daily until the blood profile improves or the cause of intestinal malabsorption is corrected.

B. Decreased Hemoglobin Synthesis

Iron DeficiencyAnemia- is a chronic, hypochromic, microcytic anemia resulting from an insufficient supply of iron in the body.

Clinical ManifestationsFatigueDyspneaHeadachePalpitationsPallor in the face, palm of the hand, nail bed, and mucous membranes of the mouth and conjunctiva.

Medical Management

Diagnosis and correction of the underlying causeTreatment through diet and supplemental iron preparations

APLASTIC- Is a rare disease caused by a decrease in or damage to marrow stem cells, damage to the microenvironment within the marrow, and replacement of the marrow with fat.

Typical complications are infection and the symptoms of anemia:

FatiguePallorDyspnea

Medical Management

Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)orPeripheral blood stem cell transplant

In others, the disease can be managed with immunosuppressive therapy, commonly using a combination of

Antithymocyte Globulin nd Cyclosporine or androgens

B. HEMOLYTIC

Hemolysis can happen because of problemsIntrinsicIntrinsic hemolytic anemias are caused by defects in the RBCs themselves resulting from

Abnormal hemoglobinEnzyme deficiencyMembrane abnormalities

B. ExtrinsicExtrinsic hemolytic anemias are the most common type and are acquired.

ToxinsMechanical injuryTrapping of cells within the sinuses of the liver and spleen

ANEMIA

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