Android vs. Linux for AutomotiveTY Kim, APAC Solutions Architect

Definition of Software Architecture

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“A software system’s architecture is the set of principal design decisions made about the system.”

— Software Architecture, Richard N. Taylor et al.

Software Architecture – Who Cares What?

Stakeholder Types Interests

End User Usability, Functionality, Performance, Reliability

Customer Price, Support & Maintenance cost, Features, Schedule

Developer Understandability, Clear requirements, Testability

Component Vendors System interface, Collaboration model, Integration Rules

Project Manager Work partitioning, Resource, Schedule, Budget

Maintainer System structure, Documentation, Consistency

Architect Consistency, Clarity of Concept

Management Price, Time to Market, Differentiation, Company Strategy

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Which one counts the most?

Typical IVI projects Roles and Responsibility

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Name Role Work Scope

Semi. Vendor •BSP for App Processor•Multimedia•Graphics

•Reference Hardware•Linux BSP•OpenGL/OpenVG•Media Codec

Wind River •Requirement Analysis•BSP/Middleware Enablement•Applications

•Kernel Drivers create/modify/integrate•IVI Framework create/modify•Application create•Software Integration•iPod, Fast Boot, Automated Test, App Store/SDK

ISV •Telematics•ADAS•Voice Recognition•Navigation

•Telematics, ADAS, VR, Navigation

IHV •Device Drivers •Device Drivers in Binary and/or Source

Tier-1 •Systems Integration•Device Manufacturing

•Commercial Hardware•Systems Integration•Design / Product Validation

OEM Car OEM •System Specification•Quality Assurance

Top Down or Bottom Up?

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SWOT Analysis of Android for Automotive

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How to address these?

High Level System Description

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Design Decisions

System structure

Functional behavior

Interaction

Nonfunctional properties

Implementation

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Architectural Documentation

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A template for documenting software and firmware architectures, Version 1.3, 15-Mar-00, HP

Android (modified) Linux

Custom set of middleware

Dalvik VM + Native Runtime

Android Application Framework

Android HMI Framework

600K Apps + 500K Developers

Linux Linux

Custom set of middleware

Native

Qt / EFL/ Gtk / Custom

HTML5 / Custom

Unknown

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System Structure

Android Custom HAL

JNI / NDK / Zygote

Binder / System Service

Content Provider / Intent

Activity / View

Linux Linux Driver

App Framework TBD

Linux IPC (D-Bus)

Socket, Signal, Daemon

Linux Process / Thread

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Functional Behavior and Interaction

Android Mobile (and TV?) oriented

Commercially proven architecture

Wealth of information

Tightly integrated components

Fast pace of innovation

Linux Versatile

Flexible architecture

Good amount of information

Loosely coupled components

Various pace of innovation

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Non-functional Properties

Android C / C++ / Java

Driven by Google with contribution from others

High quality of code in general

Roadmap unknown

Linux C / C++ / HTML5

Community driven

Quality of code varies

Roadmap can be known / discussed

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Implementation

Android Multimedia Framework

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Android MMF - Stagefright

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Linux Multimedia Framework

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Consideration for Reusability

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User Interface (Look & Feel): ISV

Foundation Technology: OSV

Hardware System: Tier-1

Product Specification: OEM

OS / Drivers

Core Middleware

Business Logic

Hardware

Changes with new hardware

Reuse strategy needed hereCustom Middleware

HMI Changes with new UXWhat is changing with:• New Hardware

• New Tier-1• New OEM• New OS

• New Features• New HMI

• New Model

?

Unified Platform?

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OS / Drivers

Core Middleware

Business Logic

Hardware

Custom Middleware

HMILow

High

Mid

Unified Platform

What is GENIVI?

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AudioAudio GraphicsGraphics MultimediaMultimedia SpeechSpeech

ConnectivityConnectivity

PackageManagement

PackageManagement SecuritySecurity

System InfrastructureSystem Infrastructure

NetworkingNetworking

ExternalAccessExternalAccessCE-deviceCE-device PositioningPositioning

Personal Information Management

Personal Information Management

OS, Linux kernel, drivers and librariesOS, Linux kernel, drivers and libraries

GENIVI Compliance

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Str

ictn

ess

What about Hybrid Platform?

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CPU

Android APP

Android

LinuxLinux

Native Lib

Native APP

CPU

Android APP

Android

HypervisorHypervisor

GENIVI APP

CPU

Native APP

PFITizenIn-House

LinuxLinux

Android

Android APP

Option1: Native library can be added to Android Option2: Some commercial Hypervisor Solution Option3: Heavy modification on Android

Option1 Option2 Option3

GENIVI

HTML5

How feasible are these options?

LinuxLinux LinuxLinux

Other Evaluation Criteria

Development productivity

Automotive features

Costs

Risks

Resources

Consistency

Testability

Flexibility

Differentiation

Longevity

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SWOT Analysis of Linux for Automotive

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How to address these?

Iterative Approach for Platform Design

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Proof of Concept Design

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Implementation of the proposed architecture

The scope of the work may include:– Fastboot optimization

– Selective integration of available IP

– App / HMI framework

– Reference UI

Validation

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Feature list

Performance

Interoperability

Scalability

Validation Plan

Execute Tests & Benchmarks

Collaborate with Developers Identify and Report Issues

View and Analyze Results

Improve

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