Andrew Jackson America’s 7th President 1820 - 1845 Mr. McAtee, Iroquois High School, Elma, NY...
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Transcript of Andrew Jackson America’s 7th President 1820 - 1845 Mr. McAtee, Iroquois High School, Elma, NY...
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Andrew Andrew
JacksonJackson
America’s 7th PresidentAmerica’s 7th President
1820 - 18451820 - 1845
Mr. McAtee, Iroquois High School, Elma, NY
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andrew_Jackson_by_Ralph_E._W._Earl_%28detail%29,_c._1817_-_DSC03218.JPG
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Andrew Jackson, War HeroAndrew Jackson, War HeroBattle of New Orleans, January 1815Battle of New Orleans, January 1815
5,000 Americans defeat 7,500 British soldiers5,000 Americans defeat 7,500 British soldiers
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Jackson’s ChildhoodJackson’s Childhood❖ Born 1767 - South
Carolina. He was raised by his widowed mother
❖ At the age of 13 he volunteered to fight in the Revolutionary War
❖ In 1781, Jackson and his brother were captured. Jackson was slashed by a British officer when Jackson refused to polish the officer’s shoes.
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Jackson and the First Seminole WarJackson and the First Seminole War❖ In 1817, Jackson was ordered
to lead a military campaign in Georgia against Seminole and Creek Indians - this came to be known as the First Seminole War
❖ Jackson was a ruthless fighter, earning the nickname “Sharp Knife”
❖ Jackson’s victories helped to convince Spain to give Florida to the United States. Jackson served as military governor of Florida from March - December 1821
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The Virginia DynastyThe Virginia Dynasty
Thomas Jefferson: 1801-Thomas Jefferson: 1801-18091809
James Madison: 1809-James Madison: 1809-18171817
James Monroe: 1817-James Monroe: 1817-18251825
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Democratic-Republican Party Democratic-Republican Party
Controls American PoliticsControls American Politics
Goals of the Party
National government with limited power
Strict interpretation of the Constitution
States Rights
Focus on agriculture (farming)
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Jackson the PolticianJackson the Poltician
❖ U.S. House of Representatives, Dec. 1796 - Sept. 1797
❖ United States Senate, 1797 - 1798 and March 1823 - Oct. 1825
❖ Judge of the State Supreme Court of Tennessee, 1798 - 1804
❖ Candidate for president in 1824.
http://media.brainz.org/uploads/2011/01/andrew_jackson.jpg
❖ Jackson was a member of the Democratic-Republican Party
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Presidential Election of 1824Presidential Election of 1824
JohnQuinc
yAdams
Henry
Clay
AndrewJackson
WilliamCrawfor
d
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Election ResultsElection Results
Jackson
Adams
Popular
Vote
151,271
113,122
Electoral
Vote
99
84
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John Adams John Adams
“won” the“won” the
1824 Presidential 1824 Presidential
ElectionElection
❖ Jackson received the most popular votes and the most electoral votes - he did not win a majority of the electoral votes. Therefore, it was up to the House of Representatives to choose the winner.
❖ The Speaker of the House was Henry Clay - he hated Jackson.
❖ The House chose to make Adams president. Adams made Clay Secretary of State. To Jackson, this was a “Corrupt Bargain”
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Jackson Wins 1828 ElectionJackson Wins 1828 Election❖ Jackson easily defeated John
Quincy Adams
❖ Jackson ran as a “man of the people” and as a candidate of the new Democratic Party
❖ Jackson’s wife, who had been attacked by critics during the presidential campaign, died on December 22, 1828
❖ Jackson invited the public to attend the White House ball honoring his inauguration; the place was trashed!
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Jackson & Native AmericansJackson & Native Americans❖ In 1820, 100,000 Native
Americans were living east of the Mississippi River - most in the Southeast
❖ Jackson felt that Native Americans were conquered subjects living in the U.S. Therefore, the government had the right to control where they lived
❖ Jackson felt that Native Americans had two choices: they could adopt American culture and become U.S. citizens OR they could keep their cultures and move to the western territories
http://education-portal.com/cimages/multimages/16/
general_andrew_jackson.jpg
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Jackson and the CherokeeJackson and the Cherokee❖ The Cherokee held a huge
amount of land in the Southeast.
❖ The Cherokee were “civilized” and doing all they could to adopt the American Culture
❖ Cherokee developed a written language
❖ In 1827 the Cherokee developed a constitution modeled on the American Constitution
❖ 1828 gold discovered on Cherokee land
SequoyahDeveloped written form of Cherokee language
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Indian RemovalIndian Removal❖ 1830 Indian Removal Act is
passed requiring Native Americans to give up their land and move west.
❖ 1832 Worcester v. Georgia U.S. Supreme Court ruled that state of Georgia could not regulate the Cherokee or invade their lands.
❖ President Jackson responded, “John Marshall has made his decision; not let him enforce it.”
❖ Jackson sent troops to enforce Indian Removal Act. This led to the Trail of Tears. 16,000 forced west to Oklahoma. More than twenty-five percent of the Cherokee died on the way!
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Conflicts Over States RightsConflicts Over States Rights
John C. Calhoun
❖ The Tariff [Tariff of Abominations] angered the South. South Carolina threatened to leave the union because of this law
❖ John C. Calhoun, who became Jackson’s Vice President, developed an idea called the doctrine of nullification -- the idea that a state had the right to nullify [reject] a federal law within its borders.
❖ As president, Jackson opposed the idea of nullification. He made it clear that he would use federal troops to enforce U.S. laws
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Jackson and the National BankJackson and the National Bank
President, Second Bank
of the United States
Nicholas Biddle
❖ The Second Bank of the United States was the most powerful bank in the country.
❖ In 1832, the bank asked the federal government to renew its charter.
❖ Jackson vetoed the renewal. He said that the bank was unconstitutional, and that it favored the few at the expense of the average person.
❖ Jackson destroyed the bank by putting government money in state banks. The people supported Jackson.
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The Whig PartyThe Whig Party
http://youropinioniswelcome.blogspot.com/2010/03/whig-party.html
“Whig” was first used in Scotland in 1640s - Group of Scots rebelled against British King - Whiggamore Raid
The Whig Party began in America in the early 1830s - leader was Henry Clay.
Whigs felt that Jackson was making the Executive Branch too powerful.Whigs supported the supremacy of Congress. Whigs also supported “The American System” - internal improvements paid for by the government and the national bank.