Andean Region - TU Dresden...Potato, quinua, alpacas SIPAM Dynamic conservation Machu Picchu 1 900 m...
Transcript of Andean Region - TU Dresden...Potato, quinua, alpacas SIPAM Dynamic conservation Machu Picchu 1 900 m...
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Andean RegionTropical high Mountains,
Environment, Agriculture and Climate Change.
Mario E. Tapia
UNALM-ANPE-Slow FoodUNALM ANPE Slow Food
Dresden, August, 2011
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Andean RegionSeven countries-Seven countries
-Extension: 200 million has.
-Population: 20 million
-Languages: Spanish,ifi
Quito
Languages: Spanish,
Quechua, Aymara
Cultures:
Pacific
OceanLa Paz
Lima
-Cultures:
Chavin
P
La Paz
Pucara
Tiahuanaco
Wari
IncaInca
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OrographyOrography
The Andes extends over 2,400 km. From north to south.
Including about three main watershedmain watershed Pacific, Titicaca lake, and Amazonas withand Amazonas with more than 170 micro watershedswatersheds
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Peruvian AndesPeruvian AndesExtension 30 million Has.
Altitud above 1,500 m.a.s.l.
Population 6-7 million
Native communities
Cajamarca
Norte Native communities 5,000
Languages: Spanish
Huaraz
Huancayo Languages: Spanish, Quechua, Aymara
T diti l i lt
y
Lima CuscoCentro
Traditional agriculture
Native cropsArequipa
PunoCentro sur
Native livestockAltiplano
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Agroecological ZonationZonation
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Cusco, interandean valley, y
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High plateau of PunoHigh plateau of Puno
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Land useTerritory over 1500 m.a.s.l., Perú
Considered 30 % of the national area-
30’000,000 hectáreas, used as
Agriculture 2.8 Mha
Rangelands 14.0
Lakes and glaciers 0.8
Conservation land 12.2
U b 0 2Urban areas 0.2
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Actual Situation
Population youth’s migration to cities
Income low, $ 400-600 / family / month
Nutrition 30 % children undernutritionNutrition 30 % children undernutrition
Illiteracy 30 % of rural women
Agrobiodiversity partial genetic erosion
Soil degradation, fertility decrease
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Ier Congreso de CultivosAndinos g
En 1977, Se realizo en Ayacucho, Peru.
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Agrobiodiversityg ob od e s ty
M thMore than 160 different
crops
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Agrobiodiversity:“Th C l A d id d f h i h“The Central Andes are considered as a one of the eight center of plant and animal domestication in the world”.
Nicolai Vavilov, 1932.
1.Native Crops1.Native CropsGrains: quinua, kañiwa, amaranth
Tubers: potatoes, oca, olluco, mashua
Roots: arracacha, llacon, achira, maca, chagos, , , , , g ,
Fruits: goldenberry, tree tomato, passionfruits, cherimoya,
Medicinal Plants: more than 50 species
2.Native livestock:at e estocalpacas, llamas, vicuñas,
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Peru, The land of potatoesMore than 2,000 landraces
8 different species8 different species
180 wild relatives
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Maize varieties with highwith high variability
32 different races, withwith
multiple uses.
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Quinua, Chenopodium quinoa Wild
A i t i hi h t iti l
Red quinua
An ancient grain, high nutritive value
Field seed production, Ayaviri, 3,900 m.
Black quinoa 20 % protein
Field seed production, Ayaviri, 3,900 m.
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Kañiwa, Chenopodium pallidicauleThe most cold resistant cropThe most cold resistant crop
grown at 4,000 m.a.s.l.
With high quality protein
and dietetic fibre
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Fruits:
Sweet PepinoSweet Pepino
PassionfruitsPassionfruits
Sauco In Italy, Slow Food Fair
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Seed FairsSeed Fairs
Each year, after the harvest seasonthe harvest season (May to June), several seed fairsseveral seed fairs are being organized all overorganized all over the andean region.
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Native livestock Alpacas 3,000,000
Vicuñas 120,000,
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TerracesTerracesTraditional t h ltechnology
More than 500,000 has. with terraces, ,andenes, pata patas
In Cusco and PunoIn Cusco and Puno
Only 8 % in use
Reduce soil erosion
Better use of the rainfall
Weather stabilityWeather stability
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Ritual terraces, Moray, Cusco.
Crops, varieties were tested.
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Suka kollosAbout 30,000 has. in the Altiplano, Perú., p ,
Ridges, in Puno at 3,800 m.
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Ritual water channel in Tipon, Cusco
Rivers were considered to be divinities
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Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems GIAHS FAO
Peru: mountain agriculture
Philippines: rice terracesHeritage Systems. GIAHS-FAO
Morocco: oasis systems
China: rice + fish farming P t t i lLake Titicaca, 3,800 m
g
Chile: Island farming, ChiloePotato, quinua, alpacas
SIPAMSIPAM
Dynamic conservation
Machu Picchu 1 900 m
Indigenous entrepreneurship
Machu Picchu, 1,900 m
La Raya 4 300 mLa Raya, 4,300 m
Maize amaranth andean fruitsMaize, amaranth, andean fruits
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Together we can... ...thanks!