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Introduction

History, art and nature. Thesethree words summarize theessence of the region with thewarmest winter temperatures on the European mainland.Andalusia (Andalucía in Spanish)has always held an irresistibleattraction for travelers. Thesecond largest autonomouscommunity in Spain in area butthe most populous population, it brings together two continentsat its vertex. Africa and Europeseem to merge in this land ofcontrasts, mild temperatures,long golden beaches, craggymountains and vast plains, wherethe cities and towns boasthistorically rich monuments.

Andalusia is bathed by bothAtlantic and Mediterraneanwaters. Five of its eight provinceshave outlets to the ocean or sea.Seville is the capital of a regionwith more than 7,300,000inhabitants. The Giralda is thesymbol of this city embraced bythe Guadalquivir, a river whichtraverses the lands of Andalusiafrom east to west.

The Alhambra palace, one of themost visited monuments in theworld, is proudly perched on ahill in Granada. The GreatMosque known as the Mezquitais Córdoba’s landmark. TheMoorish fortresses help define

Almería and Málaga. Cádiz has its bay and Huelva, themarshlands. Olive trees are the symbols of Jaén.

But the charm of Andalusia doesnot radiate solely from its capitalcities. The outlying regions housea good part of the attractionsmany travelers prefer.Sunbathing on beaches of finesand, enjoying winter sports atthe southernmost ski resort inthe Old Continent or discoveringthe attraction of the historysurrounding the ancient churchesand palaces scattered throughoutthis southern land are only a few of the many possibilitiesAndalusia has to offer.

The region is endowed with awide-range of high-quality,modern facilities for tourists.Satisfying the wishes of the mostdemanding visitors is not adifficult task in a land steeped in traditions which never cease to amaze, such as bullfighting,flamenco music and dance, andcuisine from the mountains and the sea.

Andalusia

SPAIN

Atlantic Ocean

France

Ireland

Madrid

Paris

London

Dublin

Cantabrian Sea

MediterraneanSea

CeutaMelilla

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UnitedKingdom

C O N T E N T SIntroduction 1Getting to Know Andalusia 2

The Land, Climate and Services 2

History 4The Legado Andalusí 6Artistic Legacy 6Natural Wealth 9

A Journey through the Capital Cities and Provinces of Andalusia 10

Almería 10Cádiz 15Córdoba 21Granada 26 Huelva 33Jaén 38Málaga 43Seville 49

Recreation and Events 54Useful Information 61

Front cover: A street in Zuheros. Córdoba

Back cover: Sea view. El Rompido. Huelva

Text:Manuel Pérez Rodríguez

Printed by:EGRAF, S.A.

D.L. M. 35551-2006

Translation:J. West NIPO: 704-06-008-0

Published by:© Turespaña

Secretaría de Estadode Turismo y Comercio

Photographs:TURESPAÑA Archives Printed in Spain

Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio

Graphic Design:P&L MARÍN 6th edition

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a year. It is not surprising that this region is one of thewarmest in Europe. The temperate Mediterraneanclimate boasts hot drysummers and winters withmild temperatures. Rainfall isirregular. Andalusia is a landof contrasts, even withregards to the climate. The almost nonexistentrainfall in regions such as theTabernas desert in Almeríacontrasts sharply with thehigh annual rainfall recordedin the Sierra de Grazalema inCádiz, one of the rainiestareas in Spain. And there’smore, the mountain cold in Sierra Nevada contrastssharply with the mild climatefound on the Tropical Coast. In a distance of only 33 kilometers, you can gofrom 10 degrees below zero to 22 above zeroCentigrade, all in the sameprovince of Granada.

Andalusia has a densenetwork of highways,motorways and toll roads. The Autovía de Andalusia,also called the N-IV, crossesDespeñaperros and connectsthe plateau called the Mesetawith the capital cities ofCórdoba, Seville and Cádiz,passing through importantcities along the banks of theGuadalquivir. The A-92 linksSeville and Granada with theregion of Murcia, while the Autopista del QuintoCentenario starts out in Seville and ends in Huelva. The National road N-630 startsout in Seville and leads to the region of Extremadura.The Autovía Bailén-Granadatraverses Jaén and the Autovíadel Mediterraneo runs along a large part of the coast.

The extensive transportationnetwork is also reflected inthe railroads. The high-speed

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Getting toKnow Andalusia

The Land,Climate and Services

Andalusia extends along thesouthern part of Spain. It is thesecond largest autonomouscommunity in the country witheight provinces occupying87,268 square kilometers. An ocean and sea embrace itssouthern coast; the wildAtlantic breaks upon thecoasts of Huelva and Cádiz,while the calm Mediterraneanpartially bathes Cádiz, Málaga,Granada and Almería. Theregions of Extremadura,Castilla-La Mancha and Murciaform the northern border andPortugal lies to the west.

The rugged mountain pass of Despeñaperros joins theplateau to the Guadalquivir

Valley. The long mountainousstrip of Sierra Morena extendsfrom here and runs along the northern edge of theprovinces of Jaén, Córdoba,Seville and Huelva. Below it is the basin of the longest and mightiest river inAndalusia, the Guadalquivir,which is navigable fromSeville. The Andalusianlowlands form an area ofmarshes that are ideal forgrowing crops requiring a lot of water.

Sierra Nevada is the mostimportant range in thePenibético massif. This majestic mountain range boasts two of thehighest peaks in the Iberianpeninsula: Mulhacén (3,481 meters) and Veleta(3,398 meters). The rangeextends its rolling flanks until reaching the Serranía de Ronda, giving way to La Axarquía in Málaga.

In Granada rise the highplateaus of Baza and Huéscar,while Almería is occupiedlargely by the Tabernas desert,the only one in Europe.Furthermore, Andalusia issprinkled with areas boastingdifferent microclimates.

The coast of Andalusiareceives more than threethousand hours of sunshine

Cazorla in Jaén

Cabo de Gata-Nijar Nature Park. Almería

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In 711 the Moors crossed overfrom Africa and the newculture flourished throughoutthese lands. For eightcenturies the Arab civilizationcaused Al-Andalus (the Arabicname for Islamic Spain) tobecome the most prosperous,advanced and refined regionin the Western world. The Caliphate of Córdobaradiated riches andknowledge. This legacy stillpervades the eight Andalusianprovinces.

The political breakdown ofthe Arab empire encouragedthe Christian kings tocomplete what is known asthe Christian Reconquest. Inthe year 1212, Christian troopswere victorious at Las Navasde Tolosa, north of Jaén. In 1236 Córdoba fell and in1248 Seville. But Castile wouldhave to wait more than twocenturies until definitivelyending the Muslim presenceon the Iberian Peninsula. In 1492 the CatholicMonarchs, Ferdinand andIsabella, entered into Granada

and expelled the last Moorishking, Boabdil. That same yearat the port of Palos de laFrontera, three ships set sailcaptained by ChristopherColumbus. It was thebeginning of the discovery of America.

The 16th century was the most profitable one forSeville. For 150 years Sevillewas the economic center ofthe world. Ships laden withgold and silver arrived at itsport. These riches helped build the imposing buildings,churches and monuments thatstill remain for all to see. The ensuing centuries would fill Andalusia withchiaroscuro. Romantictravelers at the beginning of the 19th century wouldgather up all thesecontradictions in theirwritings.

The 19th century began withthe Peninsular War, called the War of Independence inSpain. The Andalusiansthwarted the Napoleanic

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train called the AVE connectsSeville with Madrid. Twointernational airports, PabloRuiz Picasso in Málaga andSan Pablo in Seville, welcomethe majority of travelersarriving by plane. The airportsin Córdoba, Almería, Granadaand Jerez de la Frontera linkthese cities with the leadingSpanish capitals.

Algeciras is the most importantseaport in Andalusia. The portsat Almería, Motril, Cádiz,Huelva, Málaga and Sevillemust also be added. There are38 marinas along theAndalusian coast.

History

Legends say that the Greekgod Hercules separatedEurope from Africa at theStrait of Gibraltar, creatingthe Mediterranean Sea.Hercules, son of Zeus, becamea special symbol and his imagecan be seen today on the coatof arms of the green andwhite Andalusian flag alongwith the two legendarycolumns. But Andalusia hadalready awakened a specialinterest among the mostprimitive peoples. It isbelieved that the earliestsettlers from the Neolithicperiod came into Europe from

Africa through the Andalusianlands. The Tartessiansinhabited the region from theBronze Age. Later came theIberians. In 1100 B.C. thePhoenicians founded Gadir,present-day Cádiz, consideredthe oldest city in Europe.Greeks and Carthaginiansarrived later. But it would bein the third century B.C. whenRome incorporated this land,called Baetica, into its empire.During seven centuries, thisprovince provided metals, oil,wheat and wine. In exchange,it received a language and asolid infrastructure.Furthermore, Trajan andAdrian, two of the mostillustrious emperors, wereborn here. The decline ofRome would bring theVandals from the other side of the Rhine river to settle in the Guadalquivir Valley. But their presence did not last long.

Bolonia. Cádiz

La Menga Cave in Antequera.Málaga

Caravel at La Rabida. Huelva

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through towns of whitearchitecture and protectednatural spaces such as theSierra Subbética; theWashington Irving Route,in honor of the 19th centuryAmerican writer and traveler,which connects Seville andGranada and journeysthrough towns with animportant Arab past includingCarmona, Antequera and Loja;and the Route of the Nasrids,which begins in Navas deTolosa in the province of Jaenand continues south toGranada passing throughmonumental cities such as Úbeda and Baeza.

www.legadoandalusi.es

Artistic Legacy

The archeological sitespreserved in Andalusia are atestimonial to the importancethis region had for its firstsettlers. Neolithic tribessettled in the GuadalquivirValley. In other areas, such asAntequera (Málaga), there areimportant dolmen, similar tothe ones in Valencina de laConcepción (Seville) orTrigueros (Huelva). ThePhoenicians founded Gadir,present-day Cádiz. From thisculture, splendid sarcophagihave been recovered which

invasion in Cádiz with heroicfeats. In the year 1808,Spanish troops crushed theFrench at the Battle of Bailén.From this upheaval, the firstSpanish Constitution emergedin 1812.

Present-day Andalusia is aprosperous region which basesits economy on industry,agriculture and tourism. In 1981 the Statute ofAutonomy was approved. The Andalusian Parliament is the institution whichrepresents the will of thepeople, and the Junta deAndalucía is the governingautonomous body.

The LegadoAndalusí

The Legado Andalusí is atouristic and cultural projectto recover and promote the historic legacies of acivilization which endured for more than eight centuriesin the southern Iberianpeninsula. Headquartered inGranada at the Corral delCarbón, the Legado Andalusíhas designed seven touristroutes crisscrossing the eightprovinces of Andalusia. Theseroutes include: the CaliphateRoute, linking Córdoba andGranada, which travels

today can be seen in themuseum of Cádiz. In Jaén theIberians settled. The Iberianswere a pre-Roman peoplewhich had a very organizedcommercial activity. The museum of Jaén housessculptures of extraordinaryvalue. In addition, the Romanworld can be admired in thearcheological settlements ofItálica and Carmona in Seville.

The Islamic legacy is scatteredthroughout Andalusia, but itis in the cities of Granada andCórdoba where it has left themost abundant inheritance. The Alhambra palace and theMezquita or Great Mosque,both declared World HeritageSites, are two of the mostvisited historic and artisticsites in the world. Mosques,

castles and watchtowers aresprinkled throughout theAndalusian lands, justifyingthe eight centuries of riches of Al-Andalus, a place ofencounter and clashing ofMuslim and Christian cultures.

The arrival of the Castilian kings in Andalusia broughtwith it the proliferation ofbuildings and monuments inthe Gothic style. Jaén,gateway of the Christiantroops, would be the first toembrace this newartistic style. In citiessuch as Úbeda andBaeza, churchesand palacesabound, as well asmansions and civilbuildings whichwould take

Seville’s Cathedral

Natural Wealth

Seventeen percent of the areaof Andalusia is classified as aprotected natural area. The region has two nationalparks, Doñana and SierraNevada, and twenty-twonature reserves, chieflyoccupying wetlands that areideal for the preservation ofthe rich flora and fauna. The ecological map ofAndalusia is completed with over thirty naturalenvironments, a more generalclassification which basicallyincludes areas of geologicalwealth.

Doñana and Sierra Nevadawere declared BiosphereReserves by the UNESCO, atitle which has also beenbestowed upon five othernatural areas: Sierra de lasNieves in Málaga, Sierra de

Grazalema in Cádiz, Cabo deGata in Almería, Marismas delOdiel in Huelva, and Cazorla,Segura y las Villas in Jaén. This latter park is the largestin Spain and the secondlargest in Europe.

The coast encompasses a goodpart of Andalusia’s naturalwealth. Along the coast wefind Cabo de Gata-NíjarNature Park in Almería, theBay of Cádiz, and the DoñanaNational Park, among others.The Andalusian coast is divided into four sections; the Almería Coast occupiesthe province of the samename, the Tropical Coast islocated in the province ofGranada, the Costa del Sol (Sun Coast) is in Málaga,and last but not least, Cádizand Huelva share the Costa de la Luz (Coast of Light).

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on Renaissance airs with thepassing years. But it would bein Seville where the Gothicstyle would acquire all of itsgrandeur. The finest exampleis the Cathedral, the grandestconstruction from the end ofthe Middle Ages.

The Renaissance isrepresented in the mainsquares of numerous towns inthe provinces of Jaén andGranada. The Palace ofCharles V in Granada, withinthe Alhambra complex, andJaén’s Cathedral are the bestexamples of this style ofarchitecture.

As to the baroque, we mustcall attention to the richnessof this style in towns in theprovince of Seville, especiallyÉcija and Carmona. Dozens oftemples, convents andmonasteries were built in thebaroque style throughout the Andalusian territory. The Cartuja in Granada is one of the most significantexamples, but it is not theonly one. In towns in theprovince of Córdoba such asPriego and Lucena, we findthe ornately decorated shrinesof La Asunción and SanMateo, respectively.

Colonial architecture whichproliferated in Andalusiabecause of the wealth

brought back from theAmericas is evident inbuildings such as the Archivode Indias in Seville, theMonastery of La Rábida inHuelva, and the Cathedral in Cádiz.

Popular architecture hasinfluenced the whitefarmhouses sprinkledthroughout the Andalusiancountryside. On the otherhand, the bullrings in citiessuch as Ronda have helpedshape the so-called Romanticarchitecture.

In the 20th century, Andalusiawas caught up in the newEuropean architectural trends.Industrial, modernist, historicistand modern buildings arefound throughout the region.The 1992 Universal Expositionleft an abundant legacy inSeville.

Córdoba’s Mezquita

Sierra Nevada National Park. Granada

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1 Alcazaba2 San Cristóbal hill3 Cathedral4 Convent of Las Puras5 Bishop’s Palace6 Royal Hospital7 Church of San Juan8 Paseo de Almería9 Cervantes Theater

10 Plaza de Alfonso XIII11 Basilica of Nuestra Señora del Mar12 La Rambla de Belén13 Ship loader14 Zapillo beach

Tourist InformationParkingPost OfficePolice11

further up in the Plaza deAlfonso XIII (10) rises theBasilica of Nuestra Señora delMar (11), a historic artisticmonument which houses animage of the patroness ofAlmería. The street of La Rambla de Belén (12)divides the old quarter of thecity from the new. At the endof the tree-lined boulevard isthe port. It is here wheresingular industrial architecturecan be seen, including a shiploader (13), an engineeringstructure made of iron. The Playa del Zapillo (14) isthe most popular beach

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Alcazaba

admired. At the foot of thefortress lies the town; its Arabcharacter reflected in the olderneighborhoods.

The Cathedral (3) was initiallyconceived as a fortress, thus itsrobust exterior, the fourmassive towers and tinywindows. The main altar isGothic, the choir isPlateresque (a Renaissancestyle in Spain noted for itslavish decoration) and thechapel altarpieces are baroquein style. Next to the Cathedralis the Convent of Las Puras (4)and the Palacio Episcopal (5)(Bishop’s Palace). A shortdistance away near the port isthe Hospital Real (6) (RoyalHospital) with a fine 18th

century neoclassical doorway.Almería’s artistic wealth canalso be admired in churchessuch as San Juan (7), built overthe remains of an Arabmosque. Inside, the mihrab isof interest, a sacred niche forpraying facing in the directionof Mecca. Next to the Paseode Almería (8) is the CervantesTheater (9) and the CírculoMercantil. One street

A Journeythrough theCapital Citiesand Provincesof Andalusia

Almería

Al-Mariyat, which means"mirror of the sea" in Arabic,was one of the most importantIslamic ports during the periodof the Caliphate of Córdoba.The Alcazaba (1), a fortressbuilt on the crest of a hill ismute testimony to thegrandeur once enjoyed byAlmería (population 169,509).The fortress continues todominate the capital wherestyles and influence from thenearby African coast stillpersist. The 10th centuryfortification is the largest builtby the Arabs on the IberianPeninsula. The rampartsenclose lovely landscapedgardens and spaciousoutbuildings crowned by hightowers, including an impressivekeep. From the adjoining hillof San Cristóbal (2) a sweepingview of the city can be

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in the city within the mostpopulated neighborhood in Almería.

www.dipalme.orgwww.almeria-turismo.org

CABO DE GATA-NÍJAR NATURE PARK

The Cabo de Gata-NíjarNature Park is located at theeastern end of the gulf ofAlmería. Its 45 kilometers of nearly deserted coastlinepresides over a volcaniclandscape which records itshighest points in the Sierra de Gata, a mountainous stripserving as a parapet to therain. In this semi-desert

landscape, traveling dunes,salt marshes and hidden covescan be found. The mostfamous beaches areGenoveses and Mónsul, aswell as Arco in the town of Los Escullos and PeñonBlanco, next to La Isleta del Moro. The Cabo de Gatalighthouse, next to thelookout called Mirador de las Sirenas, rises over thesouthernmost promontory of the park. From here there is a road leading to San Jose,a small seaside village withinthe nature park that serves as the starting point fornumerous itineraries. AtLas Amoladeras, in the midstof steppe vegetation, there isa visitor and exhibit center.

Rambla de Belén Cathedral Zapillo beach Los Escullos Aguadulce. Almería

Cabo de Gata

A road starts out in SanMiguel de Cabo de Gata andleads to the fishing village ofLa Almadraba de Monteleva.Huge mounds of salt are piledup on the outskirts of thetown. Nearby at the bird-watching observatory, it ispossible to see a large varietyof birds using the vast body of water on their migratoryroute.

THE COAST

A vast landscape ofgreenhouses growing fruitsand vegetables dots thelength of the Almería Coast.In the Campo de Dalías inwestern Almería, there are

Mojácar

towns such as Adra with amarina which attracts manyvisitors in the summer. Finebeaches including Balanegraand Balerma take us to touristresorts such as Almerimar,south of El Ejido. A landscapeof salt works leads toRoquetas de Mar, a townwhich proudly shows itsvisitors the tower of SantaAna castle. Skirting the coast,the fishing town of Aguadulcehas exchanged its desert-likelandscape for a white sea ofgreenhouses.

The eastern coast is lesspopulated. It is here wherethe Cabo de Gata Nature Parkinterrupts the coastal stripwith nearly deserted beaches

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Tabernas desert

and secluded coves. Outsidethe protected area liesCarboneras, sprinkled withbuildings inspired by NorthAfrican architecture. The townenjoys beaches such as Torre Vieja, Martinicas andAlgarrobico. The proximity ofthe Tabernas desert creates acurious contrast, accentuatedby a vegetation consisting ofprickly pears, agave and palmtrees. Perched on a mountain,Mojácar is a picturesque townwhich has shown muchrespect for the populararchitecture of whitewashedhouses. At its foot, residentialdevelopments have grown upby the sea, a sea which alsobathes the fishing and watersports-oriented towns ofGarrucha and Vera, site ofsome well-known nudistbeach centers.

TABERNAS DESERT

The Sierra de los Filabres, siteof the famed Calar AltoObservatory opens the way tothe Tabernas desert, the onlyone with these characteristicsin Europe. The natural areahas been the location ofdozens of films inspired by theAmerican Far West. In theheart of this area, there arestill towns such as Far-Westthat have served as sets formany westerns filmed bytalented directors. Within thisarid region there are otherspots of great environmentalvalue, such as Sierra deAlhamilla, the lastmountainous obstacle beforereaching the sea, and theKarst in Yesos de Sorbas, ageological formation carvedby nature.

Cádiz

Cádiz (population 154,511) is popularly known as "thesilver bowl". A large spit ofland connects the city to themainland. This ancientPhoenician city known asGadir is surrounded by wateron three sides serving asentrance to the bay.

Puerta de Tierra (1), a 17th century gate, providesaccess to the oldestcontinuously inhabited city in the Western world. The Cathedral (2), with its back to the Atlantic, isbaroque and neoclassical instyle. Its tall dome, built at thebeginning of the 19th century,is covered with glazed yellowtiles. In the crypt, the mortalremains of the world famousCádiz-born composer, Manuelde Falla are buried.

A good part of the city’scharm lies in its busy squares.In the Plaza de San Juan de Dios (3) stands theAyuntamiento (4) (Town Hall),a white neoclassical buildingthat looks out on the port.Other squares, especially thePlaza de las Flores (5) and

Plaza de España

Plaza de la Candelaria (6),merit an unhurried visit. In the Plaza de España (7),next to the DiputacionProvincial (County Council) (8),rises the monument to theCortes Liberales (9). Cádiz also has churches of artisticinterest. In the interior of the Church of El Rosario (10),there are sculptures of San Servando and SanGermán, patrons of the city.Very nearby is the Plaza de la Mina (11) and to one side is the baroque Church of SanFrancisco (12). The tree-linedavenues of Apodaca (13) andMarqués de Comillas (14) leadto the Church of El Carmen(15), colonial in style. From theBatería de la Candelaria (16),in back of the temple, abeautiful view is afforded of the Bay of Cádiz, sprinkledwith boats going in and out of the harbor.

San Felipe Neri (17), declareda national monument, was thesite of the declaration ofSpain’s Constitution of 1812,establishing Spanish libertiesand equality.

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1 Puerta de Tierra

2 Cathedral

3 Plaza de San Juan de Dios

4 Ayuntamiento (Town Hall)

5 Plaza de las Flores

6 Plaza de la Candelaria

7 Plaza de España

8 Diputación Provincial (County Council)

9 Monument of the Cortes Liberales

10 Church of El Rosario

11 Plaza de la Mina

12 Church of San Francisco

13 Alameda de Apodaca

14 Alameda del Marqués de Comillas

15 Church of El Carmen

16 Batería de la Candelaria

17 Church of San Felipe Neri

18 La Caleta beach

19 Santa Catalina Castle

20 San Sebastián Castle

21 Santa María del Mar beach

22 La Victoria beach

Tourist InformationParkingPost OfficeBus StationTrain Station

16

La Caleta beach Puerto Sherry. El Puerto de Santa María

The city also has traditionalquarters including Pópulo,Santa María and La Viña.Precisely in this latter area,close to Genovés Park, thesmall beach of La Caleta (18) is found, flanked by thecastles of Santa Catalina (19)and San Sebastián (20).Cádiz’s other beaches includeSanta María del Mar (21) and La Victoria (22), a longsandy shore located at theentrance to the city.

www.dipucadiz.es

THE BAY AND COAST

The shores of the Bay of Cádizboast millenary towns, themost important one being El Puerto de Santa María atthe mouth of the Guadaleteriver. In the old quarter of thisattractive town rises the 18th century San Marcos Castle. A landscape of dunes, marshesand pine trees leads travelersto Puerto Real. The oldquarter has been declared ahistoric artistic complex. Alongthe bay, other towns includeSan Fernando and Chiclana de la Frontera which proudlydisplays the baroque Churchof Jesús Nazareno.

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The coast of Cádiz begins atthe fishing town of Sanlúcar de Barrameda, at the mouth ofthe Guadalquivir river, oppositethe Doñana National Park. In addition to the renownedwineries, the old fishingquarter of Bajo de Guía has aferry to the opposite bank of the Guadalquivir in theprovince of Huelva. The seasideresort of Chipiona is also apilgrimage center veneratingthe Virgin Mary. Near thebeach stands the Sanctuary of Nuestra Señora de Regla.

A long strip runs along thecoast to the seaside village ofRota, situated at the entranceto the Bay of Cádiz. SanctiPetri, founded by thePhoenicians, has one of themost modern tourist resorts inthe region. Further down areother villages including Conil,Caños de Meca and Barbate.Close to Zahara de los Atunes,there are golden beaches suchas Bolonia, next to the Romanruins of Baelo Claudia.

Tarifa is the southernmostpoint in mainland Spain.Looking out on the NorthAfrican Coast, the town haswide beaches with strongwinds from the east. In the oldquarter rises Califal castle builtduring the Arab occupation.

JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA

The province of Cádiz is a landof sherry wines and horses.One of the best examples isJerez de la Frontera, thelargest city in the province.Numerous wineries are opento the public, and it is possibleto taste the different winesproduced in this area.Furthermore, Jerez is thehome of the Real EscuelaAndaluza de Arte Ecuestre(Royal Andalusian School ofEquestrian Art). One day aweek, generally Thursdays,the prestigious school puts on a show with Cartujanohorses (a cross between the Andalusian and Arabianhorse) and their skilled riders.

The artistic wealth of the cityis represented by El SalvadorCathedral. In the interior,paintings by artists such asZurbarán can be admired. Nextto the Cathedral stands the11th century Alcázar, guardianof an Arab mosque inside thatwas later transformed into

Zahara de los Atunes

School of Equestrian Art in Jerez de la Frontera

The Barrio de Santiago is oneof the most important quartersin the city of Jerez. Stillpreserved in this part of thecity are important sections ofthe Moorish walls. Of interestin the quarter is the Plaza deSan Juan where the Palace ofPemartín stands, site of theCentro Andaluz de Flamenco(Andalusian Flamenco Center)and the Church of Santiagowith its graceful tower. TheBasilica of Nuestra Señora de laMerced has an exquisite shrineof silver where the patroness of Jerez is venerated.

www.webjerez.com

THE ROUTE OF THE "WHITETOWNS"

About thirty municipalitiesform one of the mostinteresting routes in Andalusia.The "White Towns" aresituated in the northern part ofthe province of Cádiz and alsoextend into the northwesternpart of Málaga province to the Serranía de Ronda.

the Church of Santa Maríaafter the Christian conquest.Near the Plaza del Arenal, oneof the busiest squares in thecity, stands the Church of San Miguel with its notablemain altarpiece.

The Cabildo Municipal (formerTown Hall) is Mudejar in style.Mudejar is a term which refersto Muslim craftsman workingunder Christian rule as well astheir style of architecture.Next door is the Church of San Dionisio, built in honor of the patron of the city.

Jerez de la Frontera boastselegant mansions of localaristocratic families. Next toone of these ancestral homesrises the Church Convent of Santo Domingo. In theinterior, spacious 13th centurycloisters house diverse exhibitsthroughout the year.

20

These picturesque hamlets areoften Arab in origin, and manyare perched on high hills. The Grazalema Nature Park is noted for the remarkableSpanish fir called the"pinsapo", found in the heartof the route. The vast NaturePark of Los Alcornocales islocated to the south.

The route begins at the cliff-top setting of Arcos de la Frontera. Of interest is theGothic Church of La Asunción,as well as the view of therolling valley of the Guadaleteriver. Starting out from here isa succession of white-washedhouses, steep streets andsquares fragrant with flowers.Such are the villages of Bornos,Villamartín, Pardo del Rey, El Bosque and Benamahoma.The town of Ubrique hasbecome particularly famous forits hand-crafted leather goods.The charming village ofGrazalema is set at the foot ofthe Sierra del Pinar, near densepatches of cork and holm oak.A road leads up to the Puertode las Palomas, a mountainpass where a grove of Spanishfir can be admired. Zahara dela Sierra is a diminutive townset on a cliff overlooking areservoir.

The route continues onthrough the villages ofAlgodonales, El Gástor and

Olvera. The latter is consideredone of the most enchantingvillages in the region. Of interest is the Church of San José with two gracefultowers, along with a Moorishcastle. Nestled in the provinceof Málaga are other smallvillages, including Montejaque,Benaoján and Cortes de laFrontera which display thesame picture-postcard whitearchitecture found in theprovince of Cádiz.

Medina Sidonia to the south ofthe Route of the White Townsis well-known for numerousranches that raise fighting bullsin the vicinity. The Church ofthe Santísima Virgen Coronadais one of the most significantexamples of Late Gothicarchitecture in Cádiz province.

Vejer de la Frontera, perchedon a hill, is only a fewkilometers from the coast. Theold quarter boasts numerousmonuments including aMoorish castle, the Church ofthe Divino Pastor, as well as theSanctuary of Nuestra Señora dela Oliva with an interesting16th image at the altar.

Vejer de la Frontera

Córdoba

Córdoba (population 318,030) is a World Heritage Site and amust-see destination inAndalusia. In the 10th century itwas proclaimed the capital ofthe Islamic world in the West.Such was its grandeur that itcompeted in power and wealthwith far-away Bagdad. Wateredby the "Great River", theGuadalquivir, the city’s mostoutstanding monument is theMezquita-Catedral (1) (GreatMosque-Cathedral). Nearly onethousand columns comprise thisunique ancient mosque. After the Christian Reconquesta Gothic cathedral was builtwithin the mosque which asyears went by was adornedwith Plateresque and baroqueornamentation. Surrounded bya battlemented wall, theMosque-Cathedral creates arectangle of 23,000 squaremeters, making it the thirdlargest in the world. The Patiode los Naranjos (2) (OrangeTree Courtyard) with its lovelygardens forms part of thisgrand Islamic monument.

The Palacio Episcopal (3)(Bishop’s Palace) is situatedopposite one of the entrance

Córdoba’s Mezquita-Cathedral

doors to the Mosque-Cathedral.This building with its spaciouscourtyard, includes the Palaciode Congresos y Exposiones, anexhibit center. In the directionof the river, next to the Romanarchway called Puerta delPuente (4), rises the Triunfo (5),a monument to the ArchangelRaphael, dearly-loved by theCordobans.

The Synagogue (6), the MuseoTaurino (Bullfighting Museum),the Zoco (7), an Arabmarketplace, and the Chapel of San Bartolomé (8) comprisepart of a monumentalensemble which lies within the Judería (9) (Jewish Quarter),the loveliest district in the city.

The Alcázar de los ReyesCristianos (10) was built byorder of Alfonso XI. In theinterior, lovely well-keptgardens with fountains andpools are found. In the rooms,Roman mosaics are exhibitedwhich recall the grandeur thecity also enjoyed under Romanrule. The bridge known asPuente Romano (11) spans theGuadalquivir river. At the farend of the bridge is the Torrede la Calahorra (12), where

22

14 Posada del Potro

15 Plaza de la Corredera

16 Church of San Pablo

17 Palace of La Merced

18 Plaza de la Dolores

19 Cristo de los Faroles

20 Ronda de la Victoria

21 Ronda de los Tejares

22 Avenida del Gran Capitán

Tourist InformationParkingPoliceBus StationTrain StationAVE

including the Palace of La Merced (17), currently thesite of the County Council. Butin the midst of the city is thewell-known square called thePlaza de la Dolores (18), one of the typical sights in Córdobawith the handsome crucifix of Cristo de los Faroles (19)(Christ of the Lampposts).

Córdoba is graced with wideboulevards where the pulse of amodern city beats vibrantly. Ofparticular interest are Victoria(20), Ronda de los Tejares (21)and Gran Capitán (22).Approximately eight kilometerswest of Córdoba is MedinaAzahara, a palace complex builtin the 10th century by the CaliphAbderrahman III in honor of hisfavorite wife. At the beginningof the 11th century it wasdestroyed by Berbers, althoughthe grandeur of times past canstill be felt here. Meticulouslyreconstructed is a throne roomin which it is still possible toadmire the wooden cofferedceiling and reliefs.

www.turiscordoba.eswww.ayuncordoba.es

Córdoba displays its tolerance inthe Museo de las Tres Culturas(Museum of Three Cultures -Islamic, Hebrew and Christian).

Córdoba has numerousancestral homes withresplendent indoor courtyards.The city has made the care of itsbuildings almost an art.Brightly-colored tiles, wroughtiron, flower pots of geraniumsand jasmine, and lemon andorange trees are artfully mixedtogether.

Around the Plaza del Potro (13)there are important buildingssuch as the Museo Provincial deBellas Artes (Fine Arts Museum)and the Museo Julio Romero de Torres (a museum of thefamous painter). Opposite it isthe Posada del Potro (14) (Colt Inn), mentioned inCervantes’ Don Quixote.

Nearby is the Plaza de laCorredera (15), an arcadedsquare which was once used as a bullring. Gothic churches,such as San Pablo (16) aboundthroughout the city, as well as baroque-style buildings,

1 Mezquita-Cathedral (Great Mosque-Cathedral)

2 Orange Tree Courtyard

3 Bishop’s Palace

4 Puerta del Puente

5 Triunfo, monument toArchangel Raphael

6 Synagogue

7 Zoco

8 Chapel of San Bartolomé

9 Judería (Jewish Quarter)

10 Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos

11 Roman bridge

12 Calahorra Tower

13 Plaza del Potro

Triunfo, monument toArchangel Raphael

Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos

Roman bridge and Calahorra tower

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imposing baroque shrines in Andalusia. Only fivekilometers from Lucena is theSanctuary of Nuestra Señorade Araceli. From the hillock, in the heart of the Sierra de Aras, it is possible to seefive of the eight Andalusianprovinces. In fact, Lucena isconsidered the geographicalcenter of Andalusia.

The road travels through alandscape of holm oak untilreaching the Sierra Subbéticawhere the baroque city ofPriego de Córdoba is located.Nearby are the towns ofLuque and Carcabuey. A few kilometers further is the pretty village ofZuheros, site of the cavescalled Cueva de losMurciélagos.

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LOS PEDROCHES VALLEY

In the northern part of theprovince of Córdoba, the longwide mountainous bandformed by Sierra Morenaopens up. Here we find Los Pedroches, an areapresided over by a landscapeof meadows and holm oak.The Iberian pig can be foundin this area. In the midst ofnature’s bounty are towns rich with history, such asHinojosa del Duque. Ofinterest is the Church of San Juan Bautista, as large insize as many cathedrals.

In Belalcázar stands amedieval castle which servedas a feudal lookout in ancienttimes. Santa Eufemia is a small hamlet from where theremains can be seen of the oldMoorish castle of Miramonteswhich formerly acted as a kindof boundary. Further southlies El Viso with its Church of La Encarnación. Pozoblancois found at a crossroads. In this white town is the ParishChurch of Santa Catalinawhere Ginés de Sepúlveda is buried, the chronicler ofemperor Charles V and his son Philip II.

Finally, Pedroche is a towndevoted to agriculture andpig-raising. In the old quarter,the Church of theTransfiguración del Señorwith a 60 meter tower can be admired from variouspoints in the area.

LA VEGA AND LA CAMPIÑA

Located on the banks of theGuadalquivir are attractivetowns with interestinghistories. This is the case ofMontoro with the Tower of San Bartolomé and thePlaza de España. Followingthe course of the river leads toCórdoba and a few kilometersfurther is Almodóvar del Río,famous for its impregnableMoorish castle. In the town of Palma del Río, of interest isthe walled quarter and theConvent of San Francisco withits luminous 15th centurycloister.

To the south of Córdobaextends a region wheregrapevines and olive treesflourish. Montilla is the capitalof Cordoban wine productionand Baena of olive oil,considered one of the best inthe world. In the middle isLucena, the second largest cityin the province. Here standsthe Church of San Mateowhich has one of the most

Belalcázar

Pedroche

Montoro

Almodóvar del Río

2726

Granada

Granada (population 272,738)is one of the most spectacularcapital cities in Spain. Itshistory and monuments are atestimony to this fact. It wasthe meeting point of Islamicand Christian cultures. In 1492,the same year America wasdiscovered, the CatholicMonarchs, Ferdinand andIsabella entered the last Arabbastion on the IberianPeninsula. Undoubtedly, themost emblematic monumentin the city is the Alhambra (1),declared a World HeritageSite. This sumptuous palace isa must-see destination for alltravelers visiting Andalusia.

The city has many other placesof interest meriting anunhurried visit. The itinerarybegins in the quarter calledAlbaicín (2), a network ofstreets and squares, such asSan Nicolás (3), from whose

lookout one of the mostbeautiful views of theAlhambra and Sierra Nevadacan be admired. In this oldquarter, of special interest arethe carmenes, charminghouses with lovely gardens.The Monastery of Santa Isabella Real (4), near the old wallsthat once enclosed the Arabcity, stands out from amongthe network of narrow streets.

The gypsy quarter ofSacromonte (5), famous for its cave-dwellings, rests on abroad hill commanding abeautiful view of the city. TheCuesta del Chapiz (6), locationof the School of ArabicStudies (7) and the Palace ofLos Córdova (8), descends tothe Carrera del Darro (9),which runs parallel to thePaseo de los Tristes (10). On the journey down thestreet, historic buildings arelocated, such as El Bañuelo(11), a complex of Moorish

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3 Plaza de San Nicolás

4 Monastery of Santa Isabel la Real

5 Sacromonte

6 Casas de “El Chapiz”

7 School of Arabic Studies

8 Palace of Los Córdova

9 Carrera del Darro

10 Paseo de los Tristes

11 El Bañuelo (Moorish baths)

12 Plaza Nueva

13 Royal Chancery

14 Church of Santa Ana

15 Gran Vía de Colón

16 Corral del Carbón

17 Plaza de Bib-rambla

18 Alcaicería

19 Palace of La Madraza

20 Capilla Real (Royal Chapel)

21 Cathedral

22 Hospital Real

23 Monastery of La Cartuja

24 Generalife

Tourist InformationParkingPost OfficePoliceParador / State Hotel

A View of the Albaicín

Sacromonte

Plaza Nueva Royal Chapel

divided into the administrativeand government area, thePalacio de Comares, officialresidence of the sultan, andthe private apartments orharem with the Patio de los Leones (Courtyard of theLions). Of interest in theinterior are the various towers,particularly the Torre de laVela in the fortress area, aswell as the Renaissance Palaceof Charles V, which presentlyhouses the Alhambra and Fine Arts Museums. Close by isthe Generalife (24), summerresidence of the Nasrid kings.Meriting special attention arethe courtyards called Patio de la Acequia and the Patio dela Sultana.

www.dipgra.eswww.granada.org

Approximately 10 kilometersfrom Granada is the Huerta deSan Vicente a park surroundedby fertile plains where theHouse-Museum of FedericoGarcia Lorca is located.Personal memorabilia of the Granada-born poet isdisplayed, as well asmanuscripts.

Granada has become a part of art history because of theworld-famous Alhambra, aunique complex of palaces,fortresses and royal quarters,making it one of the mostfascinating monuments in the world. The Nasrid dynastyinhabited these lavishdwellings. Boabdil, the lastMoorish king of Granada,departed in sorrow after the Christian conquest at thehands of Ferdinand andIsabella. The complex is

Alhambra palace

The Palace of La Madraza (19),another example of Islamicarchitecture, is situatedopposite the Capilla Real (20)(Royal Chapel), burial place of the Catholic Monarchs,Ferdinand and Isabella. ThisLate Gothic monument isattached to the Cathedral (21),a masterpiece of SpanishRenaissance commissioned by Isabella, the Catholic. The Gothic ground plan wasbegun in 1523 by Enrique deEgas but was continued byDiego de Siloé, the Renaissancemaster who built a largenumber of the monumentsfound in this region.

Granada has other monumentsof singular beauty, includingthe imposing Hospital Real(22), headquarters of theUniversity, and the Monasteryof La Cartuja (23) of theCarthusian order in theoutskirts of the city at the sitecalled Aynadamar. In the mainbuilding the purest of thebaroque styles can be observedmore than in any other part.The sacristy is richly adorned.The images housed in thechurch were made by the most important Andalusiansculptors from the 18th century.

baths where the vaults havevents in the shape of stars. At the end of this tangle ofstreets is the Plaza Nueva (12),flanked by the Real Chancillería(13) (Royal Chancery) and theChurch of Santa Ana (14).

The Arab city becomesChristian upon crossing thestreet called Gran Vía de Colón(15). The Ayuntamiento (TownHall) and the Corral delCarbón (16), site of the LegadoAndalusí Foundation, showthe changes in architecturalstyles. Nearby is the Plaza deBib-rambla (17), famous for itsflower market. Behind it is theAlcaicería (18), the old Zoco orArab market, a perfect placeto purchase a souvenir.

31

here. The flora is representedby native species including thesnow star, the Sierra Nevadaviolet and wild saffron.

www.cetursa.es

LAS ALPUJARRAS ROUTE

Las Alpujarras, one of themost famous and picturesqueareas in Andalusia, offersvisitors a dense history,original town designs andsingular local color. The provinces of Granada and Almería share thisterritory of white towns whichformed the last strongholds of the Moors before their final stand at the end of the16th century.

Lanjarón, famous for itshealth spa and mineralwaters, is the entry point tothe area. The Moorish castleis a reminder of theimportance the town oncehad as a frontier between

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Generalife gardens

SIERRA NEVADA

Sierra Nevada, the highestmountain range in Spain, issituated in the provinces of Granada and Almería,although the largest portion is found in Granada. The second largest NationalPark in Andalusia embracesthe Mulhácen peak (3,481 meters) and Veletapeak (3,398 meters). It is herewhere visitors can find thesouthernmost winter resort in Spain. The GR-420, whichstarts out in Granada, isEurope’s highest road. Theroad leads to the El DornajoInformation Center, thebeginning of the protectedreserve. Several kilometersearlier, travelers can stop atthe lookout point calledMirador de Canales to enjoythe beautiful view of theGenil Valley with its villages of popular architecture, such as Güejar-Sierra.

Muslims and Christians. Deep in the valley of theGuadalfeo, the river dividingthe Sierra Nevada from theLújar mountains and the Contraviesa, is Órgiva, the administrative andeconomic capital of the area.Among other monuments, the city boasts the Church of Nuestra Señora de laExpectación, a 16th centurytemple with twin towers.

From Órgiva, winding roadsascend to interesting townson the mountain slopes. A regional road climbs toCarataunas, Cañar andSoportújar. Several kilometersfurther up is the ravine calledBarranco del Poqueira, where three of the mostfamous towns in the area are

Órgiva

Sierra Nevada Winter Resort

The Sierra Nevada WinterResort has excellent hotel and service facilities. In theshade of Veleta peak,different winter sports can be practiced from the end ofautumn until the middle of spring. The resort has 62 kilometers of marked trails for alpine skiing.

During the summer months,visitors can take an excursionto Mulhácen peak. From thesummit it is possible to see the coast of North Africa on aclear day. It is amazing howclose the Mediterranean and Africa actually are. The tranquil beaches of theTropical Coast are only thirty kilometers away as the crow flies.

Nature lovers can find atreasure house of flora andfauna in the Sierra Nevada.The Spanish ibex and thegolden eagle can be found

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located on green hillocks. The first is Pampaneira, wherethe cultural legacy left by theMoors is still preserved almostintact. Narrow streets,charming squares and housesbuilt one over the other drawthe traveler’s attention. The road continues to Bubiónand lastly to Capileira, wherea track leads to the lookout at Trevélez, and then to Veleta peak.

A road leads to Pitres andPórtugos, two other mountainhamlets. In the town ofPórtugos, travelers can stop at the Fuente Agria, a springwith five tubes spouting iron-rich water.

Chestnut, white mulberry andholm oak accompany thetraveler to Trevélez, thehighest village in Spain at1,476 meters above sea level.Delicious Serrano ham islocally cured here by thewinds from the Sierra Nevada.Busquístar and Bérchules areother villages to admire along

Trevélez Capileira

the way to Puerto de laRagua, a mountain pass whichmarks the border between theprovinces of Granada andAlmería. At a height of twothousand meters, it is possibleto practice long-distanceskiing. The road descends nowto the village of Bayárcal.Here the Church of SanFrancisco can be visited to seethe 15th century image of San José at one of the altars,as well as another ancientfigure of the ImmaculateConception.

Laujar de Andarax, capital ofLas Alpujarras in Almería,comprises a landscape ofterraced farmlands wherefruits and vegetables aregrown. In the old quarter,there are fifteen pillars, someof which date from before the15th century. The Andarax riverwaters the fertile farmlandsup until the Tabernas Desertwhich produces a radicalchange in the landscape.

www.alpujarras.com

A View of Huelva

Huelva

The “Fe Descubridora”Monument to Columbus (1) isHuelva’s landmark (population145,712). This huge statue,located on the Punta del Sebo,symbolizes the role theprovince of Huelva played in the discovery of the New World.

Huelva is located at the mouthof the Odiel river, an area ofmarshes where numerousitineraries depart leading tothe protected reserves in theprovince. A visit to the citybegins at the Cathedral of La Merced (2), built in themiddle of the 18th century. Its elegant facade encloses an interior of chapels andbaroque altarpieces.

The Church of San Pedro (3)was erected in the 16thcentury over the remains of a Mudejar mosque. Severalstreets below, in the district of La Esperanza (4), stands the Parish Church of LaConcepción (5), rebuilt in 1755after being damaged by the effects of the Lisbonearthquake. In the interior,

paintings by Zurbarán aredisplayed devoted to theImmaculate Conception.

The Plaza de las Monjas (6) isthe center of the old quarter.Here the Mirador delConquero (7) looks out upon alovely view of the city and itssurroundings. It is possible tosee from here the Marismasdel Odiel, a naturalenvironment of marshes of great importance formigratory birds.

Huelva has an old quarter of narrow streets and smallsquares, such as the Plaza del Alcalde Coto Mora (8).Nearby is the Gran Teatro (9),a theater which has becomethe cultural center of thecapital.

The Museo Provincial deHuelva (10) (ProvincialMuseum of Huelva) displaysRoman artifacts showing theimportance the city had inthat period. Likewise, there isa room devoted to theprovince’s connection with thediscovery of America. In these

same buildings, the history istold of the nearby Riotintomines where iron and copperare still extracted. Huelva hasa curious quarter called ReinaVictoria (11) (Queen Victoria),markedly English in character.

Several kilometers fromHuelva is Palos de la Frontera.It was from here thatColumbus’s three ships set sailon their voyage to the NewWorld. The Monastery of La Rábida, a Gothic-Mudejartemple, is one of the mostimportant sites linked toChristopher Columbus. It washere that he spent the nightbefore starting off on hisjourney to the "East Indies".

www.ayuntamientohuelva.es

DOÑANA NATIONAL PARK

The Costa de la Luz (Coast of Light) extends between the mouths of the Guadianaand the Guadalquivir rivers.Along the 150 kilometers ofshoreline, there are fifteenbeaches with names asintriguing as Isla Cristina, Isla

Canela, La Antilla, El Rompido,Punta Umbría, Mazagón andMatalascañas.

In addition, Huelva has themost important ecologicalreserve in Europe, Doñana, anatural habitat considered a National Park, Biosphereand World Heritage Site. The reserve, which safeguardsa treasure house of fauna andflora, is primarily located inthe province of Huelva,although an important partlies in Seville province.

The marshlands, amounting to almost half of the 50,720acres, are the dwelling placeof dozens of aquatic species,some in danger of extinction.The traveling dunes, unspoiledbeaches of fine white sand,pine forests and the areaknown as the vera, a land intransition between twoecosystems, form theremainder of this singularenvironmental complex.Ancient chronicles tell that the legendary reign of theTartessians was establishedhere, but there is no realevidence to prove this.

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9 Gran Teatro (Theater)

10 Provincial Museum of Huelva

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Tourist InformationParkingPost OfficePoliceBus Station

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Church of San Pedro Monument to Columbus Cathedral

Marshlands of Doñana

37

SIERRA DE ARACENA

In Huelva, Sierra Morena isgiven another name. Here it iscalled Sierra de Aracena inhonor of the capital of theregion that borders thesouthern lands of Extremadura.In this gentle mountain massif,one of the best Iberian curedhams is produced. Whitevillages follow in succession,displaying castles and fortressesfrom their Arab past. Therolling lands of holm and corkoaks, pine and chestnut trees of the Nature Park comprise 28 towns.

The town of Aracena is locatedin the heart of the protectednature reserve. In the oldquarter a formidable castlebuilt by the Knights Templarhouses a 13th century churchinside its walls. The mainattraction nearby is the Grutade las Maravillas, a cave ofspectacular beauty. The largegalleries with twelve cavernsand six underground lakes are a fascinating sight.

The Picos de Aroche are ageological whim formed bynature. At the foot is an oldRoman city of the same name,where a castle of the sameperiod was reconstructedcenturies later by the Arabs. On the way to Almonaster laReal, we come across the village

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Isla Cristina beach

of Cortegana with the MudejarChurch of the Divino Pastor,declared a National Monument.

A succession of towns arefound on the steep slopes. A regional road starts out inAlmonaster and leads to SantaAna la Real, a white town thatembodies all the region’s Arabcharacter. Free-ranging Iberianpigs from these meadowsproduce the famous cured hamknown as Jabugo, also called"pata negra" because of theblack hooves. Magical Spainalso has an interesting enclavehere. Alájar, at the foot of thePeña Arias Montano pierced bynumerous caves, is the site ofmany old legends full ofmystery recounted by thetownspeople. Atop a crag is theHermitage of Nuestra Señorade los Ángeles, where pilgrimscome to venerate a Gothiccarving from the 13th century.

Other towns, including Higuerade la Sierra, Zufre and SantaOlalla del Cala, are livingexamples of traditionalarchitecture in the region.

Alájar

Sierra de Aracena

The mainreceptioncenter forvisitors is El Acebuche,located halfwaybetween thecoastal town ofMatalascañasand the villageof El Rocío.Organized toursof the park canbe reserved in

advance at El Acebuche. The other four informationcenters are in the outskirts ofthe National Park. From thecenter of Bajo de Guía inSanlúcar de Barrameda,Doñana can be enteredaboard a boat which makesthe journey between bothbanks. At the visitor center of Las Rocinas in the town ofEl Rocío, there is a footpathwhich traverses the Charco de la Boca, a stream with fourbird-watching sites.

Matalascañas

Only afew Romanruins arescatteredthroughout these wetlands,along with some16th century watchtowerswhich served as a beacon forboats entering through themouth of the Guadalquivir.

Doñana, which for centurieswas linked to the duchy ofMedina Sidonia and Alba, is a paradise for nature lovers.Deer, fallow deer and wildboar roam this protectedreserve. The Iberian lynx, afeline in danger of extinction,has its last refuge in Doñana.

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Jaén

Vast olive groves provideJaén’s special identity. Morethan fifty million olive trees have been plantedthroughout the province. The olive oil obtained fromthe fruit is the main source of wealth in this frontierprovince. Jaén is not only aland of olive trees. The largestnumber of protected reservesin Spain is concentrated here.

The capital city of Jaén(population 113,141) islocated in the foothills of theSierra Mágina. High on arocky crag, Santa Catalinacastle (1) dramaticallyoverlooks the capital. This Arab fortress is especiallyimpressive because of the tallkeep. A good part of theGuadalquivir Valley is visiblefrom these heights, as well asthe villages scattered below.In the shadow of the citadelare the old quarters of thecity, including Magdalena (2),San Juan (3) and La Merced (4).Each of them boasts a churchwith a high bell tower.

The most important monumentin the city is the massiveCathedral (5), a splendidRenaissance structure, designedprimarily by Andres deVandelvira. The ornate facade isfrom the 16th century. The mostnotable features of the interiorare the choir stalls and thesacristy, as well as the chapelsdevoted to the Virgen de laCabeza and Nuestro PadreJesús, an anonymous sculpturevenerated by local residents.

In the Plaza de Santa María (6),in addition to the Cathedralstands the Ayuntamiento (7)(Town Hall) as well as theObispado (8) (Bishopric). Fromhere, the street of Carrera deJesús (9) departs and leads tothe Convent of Las Carmelitas(10). In back of the Cathedralrises the Palace of San Francisco(11), today the County Council.The street of Álamos (12) isconnected to the Plaza de laAudiencia (13), site of theDarymelia Theater (14). Here theoldest quarter of Jaén begins.The Arch of San Lorenzo (15) isthe only remaining vestige of an ancient Gothic church.

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8 Obispado (Bishopric)

9 Carrera de Jesús

10 Convent of Las Carmelitas

11 Palace of San Francisco

12 Calle Àlamos

13 Plaza de la Audiencia

14 Darymelia Theater

15 Arch of San Lorenzo

16 Church of San Bartolomé

17 Convent of Santa Clara

18 Palace of Villardompardo

19 Church of San Ildefonso

20 Convent of Las Bernardas

21 Plaza de las Batallas

Tourist InformationParkingPoliceBus StationHospitalParador / State Hotel

Aerial View of Jaén

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Eight kilometers away liesBaeza. Although smaller thanÚbeda, Baeza has a rich arrayof religious monuments. The most important one is thesplendid Gothic Cathedral.Surrounding it are elegantbuildings, such as the oldSeminary, currently the site ofthe International University of Andalusia. The Palace ofJabalquinto, with an originalIsabelline-Gothic facade, isopposite the Church of SantaCruz, built in the Romanesquestyle, an unusual style ofarchitecture in southern Spain.The Old University adjoins thePlaza de la Constitución by theArch of El Barbudo.

In the center of Baeza’sharmonious square called Plazadel Pópulo stands the Fuentede los Leones (Lion’s Fountain)and around it are the RealChacinería, the Puerta de Jaén

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The Church of San Bartolomé(16) and the Convent of SantaClara (17) lead to the Palace of Villardompardo (18),beneath which Arab Bathswere discovered, unique inSpain. Also in this building theMuseums of Naif Art and FolkArt and Customs are found.

The Church of San Ildefonso(19), situated in the district ofthe same name, is one of theoldest in the capital. Nearby isthe Convent of Las Bernardas(20) and the Alameda, a greenoasis affording a lovely view of the city.

Jaén was built on the unevenpart of a broad hill and themodern quarter extendsthrough the Paseo de laEstación and Plaza de las Batallas (21) where amonument standscommemorating the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa againstthe Arabs, and the Battle of Bailén against Napoleon’stroops.

www.promojaen.es

ÚBEDA Y BAEZA

Úbeda and Baeza preside overthe region of La Loma, a wideexpanse of olive groves set in the high valley of theGuadalquivir. These two citiesare a showcase of the largestlegacy of works from theRenaissance period inAndalusia. In fact, the Plaza de Santa María in Úbeda isconsidered one of the mostoutstanding historic artisticensembles in the region. The Old Town housesseigniorial buildings, the finest being the Chapel of El Salvador, built by order of Francisco de los Cobos,

Cazorla

Santa Catalina castle Cathedral

Palace of Las Cadenas in Úbeda

Plaza del Pópulo and Lion’s Fountainin Baeza

secretary and confidant toEmperor Charles V. On thesame square stands the Palaceof the Condestable Dávalos andthe Palace of Las Cadenas,which currently houses theTown Hall. Opposite is situatedthe Church of Santa María delos Reales Alcázares, a Gothictemple built on the site of anold Arab mosque. The Palace ofthe Marqués de Mancera, aviceroy of Peru, and the oldcommunal granary completethis noble area. The Redondade Miradores backs up to thesquare. From here it is possibleto enjoy a beautiful view ofSierra Mágina and theGuadalquivir Valley. Úbeda alsohas lively squares such as thePlaza del Mercado. To one sideof the square is the GothicChurch of San Pablo andnearby, the Oratorio de San Juan de la Cruz. Located atthe entrance of the city is thesuperb Hospital of Santiagowith a luminous cloister andhigh chapel. The building is acultural center in the city.

Málaga

Málaga (population 532,425)is the second largest city inAndalusia. Looking out on abusy port (1), the capital hasone of the largest Moorishfortresses in the area, theAlcazaba (2). Built betweenthe 8th and 11th centuries,the palace currently houses an Archeological Museum andexhibits remains from thePhoenician and Romanperiods. A circuit of wallsconnects the fortress withGibralfaro castle (3), affordingan excellent view of the city. A partially excavated Romanamphitheater (4) is found atthe entrance to the fortress. A step away is the luxuriantAvenida de Cervantes (5). At the end of the avenue isthe bullring, popularly knownas the Malagueta (6). TheAyuntamiento (7) (Town Hall)and the Old Customhouse (8)are found very near theCathedral (9). Because it onlyhas one tower and anotherhalf-finished, it has beencalled La Manquita (the one-armed lady). This religioustemple is a splendid exampleof the Spanish Renaissancestyle. The interior houses a

rich array of chapels withinteresting religious figures.The choir stalls merit specialattention, as well as thepaintings hanging on theancient walls.

The Church of Santiago (10) is on the route leading to thePlaza de la Merced (11), oneof the meeting centers for the local malagueños. The Monument to Torrijos (12)presides over the area. To one side of the square isthe world-famous painterPablo Picasso’s birthplace (13),now the site of the PicassoFoundation.

The city also boasts othermuseums such as the Fine ArtsMuseum (14) which exhibitspaintings by Murillo andZurbarán, as well as youngPicasso. A visit to the oldPhoenician Malaca iscompleted with the Churchesof Los Mártires (15), theSagrado Corazón (16) andSanto Cristo de la Salud (17),all three in the old town.

The most tranquil part of thecity can be found along themaritime promenade of La Farola (18) next to the port.

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(Gateway of Jaén) and the Archof Villalar. The Ayuntamiento(Town Hall) has an ornatePlateresque facade andformerly served as the jail.Opposite is the house wherethe famous Spanish poet,Antonio Machado lived duringthe period in which he taughtFrench. Next to the Town Hallstand the Church of La PurísimaConcepción and the ruins ofthe Convent of San Francisco.

CAZORLA, SEGURA Y LAS VILLAS

The Guadalquivir riveroriginates in the mountains ofCazorla amid a green oasis.High peaks, extensive carpetsof trees and mighty streamsform the heart of the largestprotected reserve in Spain. The Cazorla, Segura y las VillasNature Park is located in theeastern part of the province ofJaén on 240,000 hectares ofland. A refuge for goldeneagles and tawny vultures, it isalso home to wild boar, deer,fallow deer and the Spanishibex. This mountain wildernessparadise boasts native plants,including the viola cazorlensis.

Twenty-three municipalitiesform part of the nature park.One of the entrances to thepark is at the town of Cazorla,which has an impressive castlebuilt by the Knights Templar as was the castle in theneighboring town of La Ireula.The road leading to the parkcrowns the Puerto de lasPalomas. A panoramic view of the valley is afforded fromthe overlook. The roaddescends to Arroyo Frío andseveral kilometers further toCoto-Ríos, not far from theVisitor Center of Torre delVinagre. A hunting museum, a botanical garden and a trout hatchery are foundnearby.

The Segura mountains are thelargest in the area. El Trancoreservoir marks the way totowns with deep-rooted Arab influence, such as Hornosde Segura and Segura de laSierra. Both towns are crownedby Moorish castles. In FuenteSegura, in the township of Santiago-Pontones, the Segura river originates and flows into the region of Murcia.

La Iruela Segura de la Sierra

A View of Málaga

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calm temperate waters whichhave earned it the covetedblue EU flag, indicating thewater meets European Unionstandards. The Costa del Solextends like an arch along thecoastal strip between theprovinces of Cádiz andGranada, from the cliffs ofTarifa to the beaches of Nerja.The colorful landscapes in thisAndalusian region boastscenic coastlines sheltered bydramatic mountain slopes. TheMediterranean coast of Tarifais studded with rugged cliffsbordering on the region ofCampo de Gibraltar. Thecapital of the bay is Algeciras,one of the busiest ports inEurope. There is regular ferryservice running betweenAlgeciras and North Africa.Standing in the Plaza Alta isthe 18th century Church ofNuestra Señora de la Palma.

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Domínguez Ávila

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1 Port

2 Alcazaba / Archeological Museum

3 Gibralfaro castle

4 Roman amphitheater

5 Avenida de Cervantes

6 La Malagueta bullring

7 Ayuntamiento (Town Hall)

8 Old Customhouse

9 Cathedral

10 Church of Santiago

11 Plaza de la Merced

12 Monument to Torrijos

13 Pablo Picasso’s birthplace

14 Fine Arts Museum

15 Church of Los Mártires

16 Church of the Sagrado Corazón

17 Church of Santo Cristo de la Salud

18 Maritime promenade of La Farola

19 Calle Larios

20 Plaza de la Constitución

21 Statue of the Marquis of Larios

22 Alameda Principal

23 Tetuán bridge

24 Trinidad district

25 Church of San Pablo

26 El Perchel district

27 Parish Church of the Virgen delCarmen

Tourist InformationParkingTrain StationHospital

Town Hall La Alameda Cathedral

Manilva

In contrast, a vibrant Málagacan be visited along the CalleLarios (19) to the Plaza de laConstitución (20). The statueof the Marquis of Larios (21) is located next to the maintraffic artery, AlamedaPrincipal (22) which extends to the Puente Tetuán (23), a bridge spanning theGuadalmedina river. On thisside of the city are the districtsof Trinidad (24), with itspopular Church of San Pablo(25) and El Perchel (26), withan undeniable maritimeflavor. The Parish Church ofthe Virgen del Carmen (27),patroness of the fishermen, is a testimony to this.

www.malagaturismo.com

COSTA DEL SOL

The Costa del Sol, the mostwell-known stretch ofAndalusian shore, is a world-famous vacationdestination. The reason lies inthe mild climate, thousands ofhours of sunshine a year, and

47

The Costa del Sol is protectedby a string of mountainsdotted with white villages,such as Ojén, Coín andCasares. Located on a hill isthe picturesque little village of Mijas with its burro-taxis. The spacious beaches nearbyof Calahonda, La Cala and La Campana are an addedattraction. The resort ofFuengirola boasts the livelybeaches of Torreblanca andLos Boliches. Benalmádena,has become one of the mostimportant resorts on the Costa del Sol, thanks to itsamusement park, one of themany attractions found onMálaga’s coast.

Torremolinos was the pioneerof fun in the sun. TheCarihuela district has beachesof fine sand with typicalseaside "chiringuitos" thatserve sardines, paellas and amedley of fried fish called"pescaito frito". Torremolinosalso offers a fast-pacednightlife along Bajondillobeach where dozens ofnightspots feature all types of music.

On the other side of Málagain the direction of theGranadan Tropical Coast liethe fishing villages of El Rincón de la Victoria andTorre del Mar, which latelyhave built up their tourist

facilities. Well-known beaches of Cala del Moral,Benagalbón, Benajarafe andValle Niza are characterizedby transparent waters. Nearbyis the historic town of Vélez-Málaga, famous for itsmedieval quarter and Mudejarchurches. Algarrobo andTorrox help complete theseaside resorts on the easternportion of the Costa del Sol.Finally, there is the resort of Nerja, one of the loveliestin the region. The beaches of Torrecilla, Burriana andMaro are a temptation to sun-seekers. The Arab-inspired old town ofNerja still preserves much of its charm. Nerja’s highlightis the Balcón de Europaterrace, overlooking the coves and cliffs of theMediterranean.

www.costadelsol.net

LA AXARQUÍA, RONDA ANDANTEQUERA

The White Villages in theMálaga mountains dot anarea called La Axarquía.Villages devoted toagriculture, such as Frigiliana,next to Nerja, Cómpeta,Sayalonga and Salares, haveold quarters with Moorishprofiles crowned by Mudejarchurches.

Sailing and scuba divingcompetitions are held here atEl Rinconcillo beach. OppositeAlgeciras is La Línea de laConcepción. Bordering onGibraltar, La Línea is a town of museums with twoextensive beaches. Ponientebeach faces Algeciras baywhile Levante beach opens onto the Mediterranean. Nearbyis San Roque. The town’s oldquarter has been declared aHistoric Artistic Monument.San Roque has various resortcomplexes adorned with golf courses and marinas.Sotogrande is the largest andmost exclusive one. The Costadel Sol continues on toManilva to the beaches ofChullera and Sabinillas. A short distance away lie theresorts of Estepona, Cancelada

Fuengirola

and San Pedro de Alcántara.Puerto Banús nearby is one of the most famous marinas inthe world, attracting luxuryyachts from halfway aroundthe world.

Marbella is the capital of theCosta del Sol. The charmingold quarter displays its localcolor with an array of whitechurches and ancestral homeswith spacious courtyards. Butnot far from this tranquil spot,another area abounds withopulence and wealth occupiedby luxury hotels, resortdevelopments and sportsfacilities. The stretch ofgolden beach called the Millade Oro (Golden Mile) includessome of the finest hotels andrestaurants in Spain, as well as casinos and modernrecreational complexes.

Seville

Seville (population 719,588), thecapital of Andalusia, is world-renowned for its history, cultureand monuments. The Giralda(1), the oldest Arab minaret, isthe symbol of this fascinatingcity bathed by the Guadalquivir.The tour begins at the Giralda,now the Christian belfry ofSeville’s Cathedral. From thetop, a beautiful view of the cityand the surroundings can beadmired. In the vast GothicCathedral, particularly notableis the main altarpiece, alongwith the tomb of ChristopherColumbus and the Patio de losNaranjos (Courtyard of theOrange Trees), especiallyfragrant in springtime.

Next to the Cathedral are theReales Alcázares (2) rebuilt byPedro I, the Cruel over the ruinsof a lavish Arab palace. The impressive Salón deEmbajadores (Ambassador’sHall) has a superb dome ofintricate woodwork built at thebeginning of the 15th century.The fortress is surrounded byextensive gardens and tranquilcourtyards, such as the Patio de

Montería, Patio de lasDoncellas, Patio del Cruceroand Patio de Troya. There are various chambers with aninteresting collection oftapestries, including onedepicting Charles V.

Next-door to the RealesAlcázares is the Archivo de las Indias (3), today one of themost important documentcenters on the discovery of theNew World. The Hospital de los Venerables (4) and Jardinesde Murillo (5), a park with amonument to Columbus,embrace the heart of the citywhere the colorful area calledBarrio de Santa Cruz (6) is found.

Casa de Pilatos (7) (Pilate’sHouse), between the Conventof San Leandro (8) and theChurch of San Esteban (9),embodies the Renaissance spiritof this city. Of special interest inthis palace are the sculpturalgroup and the splendidMudejar courtyard.

The district of La Macarena (10)is sprinkled with Churchesincluding the Church of Santa

The Málaga mountains extendto the picturesque town ofRonda, origin of romanticlegends that have broughtfame to Andalusia. Thebreathtaking ravine known as the Tajo, spanned by an 18th century bridge, divides thecity in two. To one side is theold town and on the other,the new. The old Moorishquarter boasts the mostnotable monuments in thetown. In the Plaza de laDuquesa de Parcent stands the Church of Santa María laMayor and the Ayuntamiento(Town Hall). The MondragónPalace, former residence ofMoorish kings and governors,embodies the architecturalspirit of the town. Surroundedby old ramparts is the Churchof the Espíritu Santo, built inthe year 1505 during the reignof Ferdinand, the Catholic.Next to the church are thegates of Almocábar and Carlos V, which long agoprovided access to the town.Very close by is a roaddescending to the ravine from

where the waterfall of theGuadalevín can be observed.The main sight in modernRonda is the handsome Plazade Toros, the oldest bullring inSpain, considered the spiritualbirthplace of bullfighting.

Another monumental citylocated in the northern partof the province of Málaga in aflat agricultural area isAntequera. The fantasticgeological formations of El Torcal and the complex ofprehistoric dolmen in Menga,Viera and El Romeral are ofparticular interest. In theMunicipal ArcheologicalMuseum, the bronze statue of a boy called Efebo, datingfrom the first century, isconsidered one of the mostimportant treasures from theRoman period. In the shadowof a Moorish castle stands theChurch of Nuestra Señora delCarmen with a fine baroquealtarpiece.

www.ronda.net

El Torcal in Antequera

Reales Alcázares

17 Calle Sierpes18 Museum of Fine Arts19 District of El Arenal 20 Real Maestranza bullring21 Torre del Oro22 María Luisa Park23 Plaza de España24 Triana quarter

1 Cathedral and Giralda2 Reales Alcázares3 Archivo de las Indias4 Hospital de los Venerables 5 Jardines de Murillo park6 Barrio de Santa Cruz7 Casa de Pilatos (Pilate’s House)8 Convent of San Leandro

9 Church of San Esteban10 La Macarena district11 Church of Santa Isabel12 Jesús del Gran Poder13 Basilica of La Macarena 14 Hospital de las Cinco Llagas15 Alameda de Hércules16 Plaza del Duque de la Victoria

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Tourist InformationParkingPost OfficePoliceBus Station

Archivo de Indias Basílica de la Macarena Real Maestranza Torre del Oro Plaza de España Isla de la Cartuja

53

Isabel (11), San Lorenzo andJesús del Gran Poder (12),where one of the most dearly-loved images in thecapital can be admired. The Basilica of la Macarena (13)is a center of pilgrimagesvenerating the Virgin Mary.Nearby, opposite the old Arabwalls, stands the Hospital de las Cinco Llagas (14), currentheadquarters of the AndalusianParliament. The Alameda deHércules (15), with its marblecolumns brought from a Romantemple, leads to the centralarea with the busy Plaza delDuque de la Victoria (16) andthe pedestrian shopping streetof Calle Sierpes (17).

The Museum of Fine Arts (18),in the former Convent of La Merced Descalza, has a finecollection of paintings by thegrand masters from the Schoolof Seville, featuring Juan deValdés Leal, Bartolomé EstebanMurillo and Francisco deZurbarán.

The district of El Arenal (19) has an undeniable bullfightingflavor. Here stands the RealMaestranza (20), Seville’sbullring. Another greatlandmark nearby is the

Torre del Oro (21) (Gold Tower),the ancient Arab fortress whichreceived the gold and silverfrom America.

María Luisa Park (22) is atranquil green oasis in the midstof the city. Crossing the Avenidade Isabel la Católica is the Plaza de España (23). The semi-circular pavilion was partof the 1929 World’ Fair. Theplaza is adorned with ceramictile benches representing the 52 Spanish provinces.

Above all Seville is famous forits popular neighborhoods, suchas Triana (24) on the other sideof the river, where visitors canadmire houses and courtyardsdecorated with colorful ceramic tiles.

Modern Seville is exemplified atLa Cartuja (25), an island in themiddle of the Guadalquivir. The architectural legacy fromthe Universal Exhibition Expo’92 still remains at the site, nowconverted into Isla Mágica (26),a theme park with attractionsinspired by the exploration ofthe New World.

Carmona

Palace of Peñaflor in Ecija

the Archeological andEthnographical Museum. The Alcázar of Pedro I theCruel crowns the city, and theRoman necropolis, filled with impressive tombs andmausoleums, is found at the far end of the town.

The neighboring baroquetown of Écija is located just offthe Autovía de Andalucía. Itseleven baroque churches,studded by tall steeples,distinguish the hottest town inAndalusia during the summer.The churches of Santa Maríafacing the Plaza de España,and San Juan with its richaltarpieces and chapels are themost visited. Among the mostnotable mansions in Écija is thePalace of Peñaflor, famous forits facade with a large balconydecorated with paintings.

Archaeological Museum

www.turismosevilla.orgwww.andalunet.comwww.sol.com

CARMONA AND ÉCIJA

Carmona and Écija areconsidered two of the mostmonumental cities in theprovince of Seville. In Carmona, with its solidRoman and Arab past, the twoentrance gates to the city ofPuerta de Córdoba and Puertade Sevilla can be admired.Within the ancient walls is theold quarter with the Church ofSanta María la Mayor, a templeerected in the 15th century overa former mosque. Surroundingit are stately buildings,including the Palace of LosRueda, Palace of Los Aguilar,Convent of Las Descalzas andthe Casa del Marqués de lasTorres which currently houses

5554

Recreationand Events

Sports

Andalusia offers the possibilityof practicing almost any type ofsport in areas as diverse as thehigh mountains or the sea.Modern facilities are availablefor the most demanding sportsenthusiasts. The eightAndalusian provinces boast awide variety of facilities forpracticing all types of sports,including equestrian, snow andwater sports, etc. Sailing andscuba diving schools can befound all along the coast. Thereare 75 marinas in Andalusiaopen all year round. In naturalareas such as Cabo de Gata,scuba diving is particularlypopular. Windsurfers come toTarifa from all over attracted bythe constant winds. The Centrode Actividades Náuticas ofAlmería and Huelva offersnautical activities with expertinstructors. Other disciplines,including rowing and kayaking,can be enjoyed on thenavigable Guadalquivir. Butwater sports only represent apart of the many opportunitiesAndalusia has to offer.

The winter resort of SierraNevada has 62 kilometers of runs for snow sports.

Guadalcanal In addition, the Granadanmountain range is a destinationof the first order formountaineers who climb in thesummer and autumn before the first snow.

The large number of natureparks make this region an idealelection for hikers andmountain-bikers. The parks ofCazorla, Segura y las Villas(Jaén), Grazalema (Cádiz andMálaga), Aracena (Huelva) orthe Subbética (Córdoba) havedozens of trails and routes.Mountaineering and caveexploring throughout Andalusia are an attraction foradventure-seekers.

Seville has an Olympic stadium,Granada, a sports center for top sports figures, Cádiz, aspeedway, Málaga, numeroussailing schools and Córdoba andJaén, air clubs for those wishingto try their hand at aerial sports.Areas for parapente and hang-gliding can be found inmost of the nature reserves in the region.

There are more than 60 golfcourses in Andalusia, primarily

clustered in the coastalprovinces of Málaga and Cádiz.There is a course to please everygolfer, from tourist courses tochampionship ones, whereprestigious tournaments areheld. The Valderrama Golf Clubat San Roque was the host tothe recent Ryder Cup.

Sports competitions representanother tourist attraction. The speedway in Jerez de laFrontera attracts car racingenthusiasts and features theleading drivers in the world. The International ChessTournament in Linares hasreceived the maximumprofessional classification. TheGranada-Dakar rally, the WorldCup of Equestrian Jumping inSeville, and the Horse Races on the beach of Sanlucar deBarrameda are other events onthe Andalusian sports calendar.

Hunting is also possible inAndalusia at numerous reservesfor big and small game foundthroughout the region. Fishingdraws many visitors to river andcoastal areas.

www.deporteandaluz.com

Hiking in the Sierra de Cazorla Surfing in Tarifa. Cádiz

SIERRA NORTE

Cazalla de la Sierra is the mostimportant town in Seville’s SierraNorte. In its Plaza Mayor standsthe Church of Nuestra Señora dela Consolación, a monumentfrom the 14th century wherediverse architectural styles canbe appreciated. The Mudejartower commands a splendidview of the nature park, a widestretch of the Andalusian SierraMorena. The nature reserve isthe setting of towns such asConstantina, noted for itsMorería quarter and for theChurch of Santa María de laEncarnación, a temple with agraceful Renaissance facade.Guadalcanal, a town borderingthe Extremadura lowlands, isbrimming with local colorincluding white housespunctuated with flower pots ofcolorful geraniums and jasmine.The area is divided by theHuéznar and Víar rivers. Holmand cork oak are the mostcommon trees. Through theselands of moderate height roamdeer and wild boar, an attractionfor hunters.

57

Higuera de la Sierra, a smallvillage in the province ofHuelva, celebrates the oldestprocession or "Cabalgata deReyes Magos" of the ThreeWise Men, but not the only one.This Christmas tradition is alsokept in Sanlúcar de Barramedain Cádiz and Lucena in Córdoba.

"Semana Santa" or Holy Weekis one of the most significanttimes of the year. Of specialinterest are the religiouscelebrations in Seville with thepasos (floats) bearing the mostrevered images of Jesús El GranPoder, Triana and La Macarena.In Málaga, these pasos are evenlarger. In other provincecapitals, including Jaén, thereare processions in the earlymorning hours of Good Fridaywith the image of Jesus OurFather "El Abuelo".

There are two multitudinousromerías in praise of the VirginMary. The oldest one in Spain is"Nuestra Señora de la Cabeza"held in Andújar in the heart ofthe Sierra Morena in Jaén. The other pilgrimage is called

the "Virgen del Rocío", near theHuelvan town of Almonte. Each year in the middle of May,around a million persons gatherin this town near DoñanaNational Park to participate inthe procession of the "BlancaPaloma". In the weeks prior tothis, Andalusian brotherhoodsmake the journey alongside the carts which carry the"Simpecado", the banner theywill present to the patroness ofthe Huelvan marshes when they reach the town.

Bulls are associated with someof the festivals of Andalusia.Small towns, such as Grazalema(Cádiz) and Beas de Segura(Jaén), during the morningorganize runnings of the bullswhich hours later will be foughtin the bullrings.

Bullfighting andFlamenco

The Real Maestranza bullring in Seville is considered thecathedral of bullfighting, one ofthe most deep-rooted traditions

56

Fairs and festivals

Andalusia has been thebirthplace of famous painterssuch as Velázquez and Picasso,of poets including AntonioMachado and Federico GarcíaLorca, and of musicians of thecaliber of Manuel de Falla andAndrés Segovia. The list isendless and affirms theinternational character ofAndalusian culture. This legacy isalso manifest at the culturalevents which take place eachyear in the region. For example,Huelva organizes the Ibero-American Film Festival; Cádiz,the Ibero-American TheaterFestival. Málaga is host to theFestival of Spanish Cinema. TheBiennial Flamenco Festival isheld in Seville. Córdoba hosts aGuitar Festival and Granada, theFestival of Music and Dance andthe International Tango Festival.In Huelva, a Festival of Musicand Dance is held, and inAlmería, a Traditional MusicContest.

It is the fairs and festivals whichbest characterize leisureactivities in Andalusia.Throughout the year myriadevents are celebrated, includingthe week-long "Carnavales"(Mardi Gras) in Cádiz, a festivalimported from the merchants of Venice of the 16th and 17th

centuries which is celebrated inthe oldest quarters of the city.

Contests of carnival groups,choirs, quartets and jokes areheld at the Gran Teatro Falla."Carnavales" are also held in IslaCristina (Huelva), Cuevas delAlmanzora (Almería) and La Carolina (Jaén).

Seville’s colorful "Feria de Abril"(April Fair) is anotheroutstanding annual event onAndalusia’s calendar. At midday,the fairgrounds are taken overby handsome horses and theirriders, along with horse-drawncarriages for the traditionalparade. During the evening,large tents are filled with musicand dancing. Many of themrequire an invitation, but othersare open to the public. Thisevent in Seville opens the seasonof fairs and festivals in Andalusiawhich ends in October with thefestival of San Lucas in Jaén.

The "Cruces de Mayo" (Crossesof May Festival) followed by the Patio Contest are held inCórdoba, the procession ofCorpus Christi in Granada, andthe romería or pilgrimage inhonor of the Virgen del Mar inAlmería. Málaga venerates theVirgen del Carmen in the middleof the month of June withtypical romerías on the water by boat.

April Fair in Seville Holy Week

Romería del Rocío (pilgrimage) in Almonte. Huelva

Olive oil

59

goat cheeses. The best stretchof fertile farmland is found inthe Guadalquivir Valley, as wellas other areas such as theGranadan plains and Cordobancountryside. Strawberries fromHuelva are consumed in half theworld. From the greenhouses inAlmería come tasty fruits andvegetables, and exotic cropsfrom the Tropical Coastaccompany original salads.Gazpacho, a cold soup madewith tomatoes, peppers,cucumber, bread and garlic, isone of the most popular dishesin this area.

There is a clear differencebetween mountain cooking andcuisine from the sea. In themountains, game dishes includepartridge, rabbit, venison andwild boar, accompanied by theclassic migas pastoriles(fried bread crumbs flavoredwith garlic). Along theAndalusian coast, one of themost popular dishes is pescaitofrito (mixed fried fish), one of the great culinary delights inthe region, in addition tosardines on skewers, seafood or fishermen stews such ascazuela de arroz caldoso.

Tortilla de patatas (potatoomelet) competes in flavor withthe tortilla Sacromonte (anomelet made with sweetbreads,peppers, potatoes), a specialtyin Granada. Spinach and

flamenquines (deep-friedrolled-up ham and cheese) arefamous in Jaén. From the stovesof Córdoba come dishes such asoxtail stew. Urta a la roteña(bream cooked in a sauce ofcaramelized onions andtomatoes) is enjoyed in Cádiz,and red shrimp from Garruch in Almería are famous.

Many desserts have a distinctArab character. Bizcochosborrachos (‘drunken’ sugarycakes soaked in wine or syrup),torrijas (bread dipped in milkthen fried and sugared) duringHoly (Easter) Week, dulce demembrillo (quince) and tocinillode cielo (small squares madefrom syrup and egg yolks) aresome delicious examples.

Sherry from Jerez de la Frontera(Cádiz), sherry-like white winecalled Montilla-Moriles(Córdoba), Dulces, sweet desertwines from Málaga, Condadowhite wines (Huelva) and thewines from Laujar de Andarax(Almería) are perfectaccompaniments to fineAndalusian cuisine.

58

in Andalusia. In the eightprovinces bullfighting is afavorite sport, but in Seville,Córdoba and Málaga, this arthas become a passion.Andalusia has given bullfightingmany important figures. Someof them, such as Curro Romero,Espartaco and Finito deCórdoba, are still active today.Others such as Manolete, killedin 1947 in the bullring atLinares, and the master ofRonda, Antonio Ordóñez, havebecome a part of bullfightinghistory. Some of the mostimportant ranches wherefighting bulls are raised arefound in Sierra Morena in thetownships of Baños de la Encinaand Andújar. The bullfightingseason begins on Easter Sundayand ends in the month ofOctober in La Alameda bullringin the province of Jaén.

The music and dance calledflamenco is another identifyingsymbol, as well as an artisticexpression of the most deeplyrooted Andalusian culture. TheSchools of Seville and Cádizhave contributed some of themost singular figures of this art.Although the exact origin offlamenco is uncertain, it hasbeen the gypsies who haveperformed it the most.Deceased flamenco singers,such as Camarón de la Isla, havehelped make this type of musicknown worldwide. The most

popular song forms are thebulería, soleá, alegría andfandango. Flamenco guitarists,such as Paco de Lucía, VicenteAmigo and Tomatito, areacclaimed concert guitarists.Well-known flamenco dancersAntonio Canales and JoaquínCortés delight their fansworldwide.

www.torosensevilla.com

Cuisine

Andalusian cuisine is almost aritual. Gastronomic diversitymirrors the multiple culturesthat have settled in this land. In any case, all of them dip intothe Andalusi tradition whichhas already shown in the past ahigh degree of refinement asregards to cuisine. The basis ofAndalusian cooking is olive oil,primarily produced in theprovince of Jaén in places suchas the sierras of Segura andMágina and in the Cordobantowns of Baena and Priego. Theso-called Mediterranean diet,considered by many experts tobe the healthiest in the world,has its origin in Andalusia.

In the province of Huelva,Iberian Jabugo hams areproduced. Sausagesfrom Sierra Morena arealso famous, as well assheep and

Gastronomy

60

Folk Traditionsand HandicraftsAlong with flamenco, sevillanasare also ever-present at thefestivals of Andalusia. Theirmusic and dance are related tothe flamenco culture, but theyhave a life all their own at thefairs and festivals in Andalusia.Their origin is in Seville,although today it represents themost exported musical anddance tradition.

Each province has its own folktraditions. In the Málagamountains, for example, theysing to music of medieval origincalled verdiales. In the sierras,they sing or dance jotas andboleros, while in the towns inthe Guadalquivir valley, theyperform regional dances. Eachprovince also has its owntraditional costume taken fromdress used in the past.

Andalusia is an ideal place forshopping. Almería is justlyfamous for the marble fromMacael, as well as pottery ofIslamic origin. In Níjar handmadejarapas (blankets) are sold. In theprovince of Cádiz, the town ofUbrique merits a visit for itsfamous leather goods. Here theyproduce articles sold byprestigious international firms.

In cities such as San Fernandoand Sanlúcar de Barrameda,they manufacture mahoganyfurniture following century-oldtraditions. Wrought iron andblankets from Grazalema areanother example of the hand-crafted items from the provinceof Cádiz.

Cordoban jewelry is the bestexponent of the handicrafts inthe province, although they alsomake leather articles and richembroidery on velvet with goldand silver threads to adornreligious images. The Alcaiceríaof Granada is the best place topurchase taracea, marquetry of Arab origin. Pottery andcabinet-making are also a sourceof interesting products. InGranada, Spanish guitarmakersare world-renowned. Jarapasfrom Alpujarras are also anattraction for tourists.

In Huelva, Andalusian horsegear and outdoor footwear aresold. Green ceramics fromÚbeda and wrought iron helpidentify the province of Jaén. In Málaga, locksmith andweaving products are featured,in addition to guitars andoriginal ceramics. Seville isespecially famous for its religiousembroidery. There are also othertypical souvenirs, such asdecorative fans and mantillaswhich can be purchased at many local shops.

Esparto grass articles and “jarapa” blankets

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Embalsedel Negratín

Embalse deTranco de Beas

Embalse deGuadalmena

Embalsedel Cenajo

Embalsede Iznájar

Embalsede Chanza

Río

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San José

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Vale de Açor

Vila Verdede Ficalho

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Vidigueira

Moura

Alvalade

Marateca

Castro Verde

San Bartolomeude Messines

Mertola

Santanada Serra

Castro Marim

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Alcácer do Sal

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Olhão

La Albuera

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Torremejía

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La Puertade Segura

Santo ToméSabiote

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Quintana

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Villanuevade la Reina

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San Silvestre

La Antilla La Rábida

San Bartoloméde la Torre

Mazagón

Matalascañas

El Rocío

Niebla

Beas

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Algar

Paternade Rivera

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El Rubio

Castilblancode los Arroyos

La Puebla delos Infantes

Peñaflor

Hornachuelos

Santaella

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Villanuevade la Fuente

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M U R C I AM U R C I A

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El Puerto deSanta María

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Vejer de laFrontera

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Ubrique Benaoján

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El Burgo

YunqueraTolox Coín

MijasFuengirola

Pizarra

Álora

TorremolinosBenalmádena

Marbella

San Pedrode Alcántara

Rincón dela Victoria

Vélez-Málaga

Torredel Mar

Nerja

TorroxFrigiliana

Almuñécar

Salobreña Motril

AlbuñolLa Rábita

Vélezde Benaudalla

Otívar

Béznar

Adra

Guardias Viejas

Palma del Río

Fuente Palmera

Montilla

Aguilar

Herrera

PuenteGenil

Estepa

Lucena

NuevaCarteya

Cabra

Archidona

Rute

DoñaMencía

Iznájar

Loja

Campillos

Ardales Casabermeja

Antequera

Colmenar

Valdepeñas

Villanuevade los Infantes

ManchaReal

Jódar

HuelmaAlcaudete

TorredonjimenoTorre del Campo

Baena

Martos

Alcalá la Real

Huétor-Tájar

Alhamade Granada

Priegode Córdoba

Íllora

Iznalloz

Pozo Alcón

QuesadaCazorla

Pealde Becerro

Baza

Caniles

Guadix

Cúllar

Huéscar

Huércal-Overa

Albox

Macael

BerjaEl Ejido ALMERÍA

Roquetas de Mar

CádiarÓrgiva

Lanjarón

Trevélez

Prado Llano

Alcudiade Guadix

Albolote

Armilla

Atarfe

Sayalonga

Níjar

Vera

Águilas

CartagenaLa Unión

TorrePacheco

SanJavier

Alhamade Murcia

Totana

Calasparra

Cehegín

Bullas

Moratalla

Caravacade la Cruz

Carratraca

Cuevas deAlmanzora

Carboneras

La Carlota

Cazalla dela Sierra

Sotogrande

Abarán

Alhaurín elGrande

Alhaurín dela Torre

Ugíjar

VálorBayárcal

Salares

Puerto BanúsBenahavís

Campanillas

La Duquesa

La Campana

CarchunaCastell de Ferro

Laroles

Jubrique

Parauta

Alcalá de Guadaira

Algámitas

Guillena

Castillo de Baños

Monachil

Peligros

Pitres

Güejar-Sierra

Zubia

Almayate Bajo

HUELVA

CÁDIZ

SEVILLA

MÁLAGA

CÓRDOBA

JAÉN

GRANADA

EVORA

BEJA

FARO

Estrecho de Gibraltar

G o l f o

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Golfo de Almería

Cabo de Trafalgar

Punta de Tarifa

Cabo de Gata

Punta Almina

Punta de Europa

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409

393

577

Alcarriado Cume

525

1001Estrella1300

Atalaya dela Calzada

1117

Bañuela1323

Judío1108

848

951

Aroche712

18722167

Mencal1447

2609

Mulhacén3482

Veleta3398

El Torcal1368

Pinar1654

Torrecilla1919

Algibe1092

786

1387

Tetica2080

Calar Alto2168

Lúcar1722

Santa Bárbara2271

810

2381Cabezo Gordo

613

Roble1257

Almenaras1798

Revolcadores2001

881

Tentudia1110

1070

768

1261

Carche1371

SIERRA NEVADA

P

N

CARTOGRAFÍA: GCAR, S.L. Cardenal Silíceo, 35Tel. 914 167 341 - 28002 MADRID - AÑO 2005

cartografiagcar@infonegocio.com

0 30 50 Km10 20 40

BADAJOZ 18 km MÉRIDA 18 km CIUDAD REAL 25 km MANZANARES 25 km ALBACETE 60 km ALBACETE 45 km ALMANSA 17 kmA

LICA

NT

E/A

LAC

AN

T 21 km

Toll roadMotorwayNational highwayPrimary regional roadSecondary regional roadLocal roadRailwayAVEParadorSanctuary-MonasteryNational ParkNature ParkGolf courseSki resortMarinaHealth spaCampgroundsAirportCaveWorld Heritage Site