and Smart Water Management
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and Smart Water Management HYDRAULIC FRACTURING Eli Gruber, President & CEO Ecologix Environmental Systems
description
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING. and Smart Water Management. Eli Gruber, President & CEO Ecologix Environmental Systems. ABOUT ECOLOGIX. About Ecologix. Ecologix designs and integrates water & wastewater treatment solutions for industries and municipalities. SERVICES PROVIDED TO OUR CLIENTS: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of and Smart Water Management
and Smart Water Management
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
Eli Gruber, President & CEOEcologix Environmental Systems
Abou
t Eco
logi
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ABOUT ECOLOGIX
SERVICES PROVIDED TO OUR CLIENTS: Treatability studies Engineering Design Fabrication Installation Start-Up & Training System Operation
Ecologix designs and integrates water & wastewater treatment solutions for industries and municipalities
Abou
t Eco
logi
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WHO WE SERVE
INDUSTRIES Oil & Gas Automotive Food & Beverage Mining Municipalities Pulp & Paper Petrochemical Utilities
a little aboutHYDRAULIC FRACTURING
The
Indu
stryU.S. DOMESTIC ENERGY BOOM
US is #1 natural gas producer in the world
US oil production 9 million bbl/day, (almost 50% of daily domestic consumption)
The
Indu
stryWATER USAGE IN FRACKING
Avg. 60,000 – 120,000 bbl/well
Water sourced from aquifers, rivers, lakes
30,000bbl flows back
90% of water ends up in disposal wells
HOW FRACKING WORKSTh
e In
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HOW FRACKING WORKSTh
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A mix of water, sand and chemicals including crosslinkers, breakers, friction reducers is injected under high pressure to fracture the rock
Thousands of vertical joints in rock strata connect, allowing drilling fluids to seep toward the surface
HOW FRACKING WORKSTh
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HOW FRACKING WORKSTh
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Top
Conc
ernsTWO SIDES OF THE ISSUE
Treat to municipal standardsSURFACE DISCHARGE
DIRECT REUSE FOR FRACKING
Treated water used solely for drilling, fracturing operations
This presentation is about this side of the fence
TOP THREE ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS with fracking
Top
Conc
erns1: FRESH WATER RESOURCES
FACTS One well requires between 3 – 5 million gallons of
water Water sourced from rivers, lakes, aquifers
IMPLICATIONS Over-withdrawal threatens longevity of water
sources Arid regions face water shortages
Top
Conc
erns2: ROAD WEAR, NOISE, TRAFFIC
FACTS One truck carries 130bbl
Approx. 600 one-way truck trips per well for fresh water delivery
Additional 175 one-way trips to dispose of flowback water
400+ trips for produced water disposal
IMPLICATIONS Noise, pollution, road wear
2012, Pennsylvania estimated $265 million on road repairs in the Marcellus
Top
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FACTS 144,000 Class II wells in United States Disposing of 730 billion gallons of brine per
year
IMPLICATIONS Environmentalist concern with ground
tremors
3: WASTEWATER DISPOSAL
managing water to RESOLVE THE CONCERNS
Wat
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Man
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entSURVEY SAYS
72% OF INDUSTRY EXPERTS SAY WATER & WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IS THEIR TOP CONCERN WITH FRACKING
It seems like solving this issue is a good place to start
A COMMON MISCONCEPTION
A COMMON MISCONCEPTION IS THAT SALTY WATER DOESN’T MIX WELL WITH FRAC CHEMICALS
YES NO0
1020304050607080
CAN WATER WITH HIGH TDS BE USED FOR FRAC FLUID?
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Society of Petroleum Engineers study (SPE 163824, February 2013) shows: TDS up to 285,000 mg/L can be
used to make frac fluid Fluid consisted of:
CMHPG Gum (Guar Gum) Zirconium-based Crosslinker Sodium Chlorite Breaker Breaker Catalyst Non-emulsified Surfactant
MISCONCEPTIONS DEBUNKEDW
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HALLIBURTON STUDYIn 2012, Halliburton experimented using produced water with TDS levels of up to 285,000ppm, here are the results:
100% success rate over 59 wells and 260 stages No production decrease vs. fresh water Avg. savings per well $70K-$100K, mostly due to
reduced truck movements
The Bottom Line: TDS Removal – why pay to remove TDS when you
can adjust fluid composition at a fraction of the cost?
TSS Removal – Proppant permeability increases by 20% when TSS is removed
Parameter Raw Sample Treated Sample % ChangepH 4.83 8 +65.63
Conductivity 257 258 +0.39
Chloride 163,637 164,951 +0.80
Sulfate 40 38 +5.00
Boron 20.3 16.6 -18.28
Barium 5.69 6.03 +5.98
Calcium 29,222 28,845 +1.29
Potassium 1,660 1,689 +1.75Magnesium 4,347 3,148 -27.58Sodium 70,342 75,517 +7.36Strontium 2,204 2,020 -8.39Iron 34.6 0.26 -99.25TDS 267,588 273,552 +2.23
Turbidity 182 15.4 -91.54
TSS 10,623 92 -99.13
PRODUCED WATER ANALYSIS
Raw Produced Water Treated Produced Water
VISUAL COMPARISON
TDS still273,000mg/
L
FLUID COMPOSITIONW
ater
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Data Source: http://www.all-llc.com/publicdownloads/ALLFayettevilleFracFINAL.pdf
CARRIER CHEMICALS (0.49%)W
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Total additives amount to 4,900ppm
Gelling agents, friction reducers, and crosslinkers amount to 735ppm
Even low levels of TSS (colloidal solids) will cause unwanted friction, fouling, and loss of well productivity
TSS REDUCES PERMEABILITYW
ater
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Fracture permeability suffers with presence of TSS
image source: Halliburton
TSS IMPEDES WELL PRODUCTIVITYW
ater
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Treated produced water maintains about 20% more permeability
data source: Halliburton
FRESH WATER CAUSES CLAY SWELLINGW
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Formations with smectite clays swellwhen fresh water is introduced
Swelling clay can result in a 2-40% reduction in well productivity
“In heavy oil recovery, incompatible fluids are often injected into hydrocarbon reservoirs, which cause clay swelling and thus impair the formation permeability”11. Krueger, R.F. (1986): An Overview of Formation Damage and Well Productivity in Oilfield Operation, Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 38, pp. 131–152.
Busin
ess C
ase WELL PRODUCTIVITY
Fresh Water Brine Water0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
LOSS IN PRODUCTIVITY FROM CLAY SWELLING
In a shale formation with some content of clay, assume a 2% reduction in productivity due to clay swelling
A well that produces $10 million a year would lose $200,000
Is the loss in revenues worth the risk?
How about a 10% or 25% reduction due to clay swelling? That’s millions of dollars stuck in the well!
TREATING WATER FOR REUSE
TREATMENT PROCESS
SolidsScreening
WaterConditioning
OilRecovery
ChemicalPrecipitation
PhysicalSeparation
Polishing/ Filtration
Disinfection/ Oxidation
Reduce Surface Tension
Enhance Stratification
Colloidal SolidsDissolved Metals
Sulfates/Sulfides
Trea
t for
Reu
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Oxidation
CHEMICAL TREATMENTCoagulationNeutralizes negatively charged particles causing them to agglomerate
FlocculationForms bridges between the coagulated particles, generating large solids that can settle or floatSeparationremoving formed sludge from the water, through either settlement or flotation
Raw Coagulated Flocculated Separated
Coagulated water turns orange when using Iron-based chemistry
PHYSICAL SEPARATIONDISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION (DAF) Micro-bubbles attach to sludge and float Skimmer removes sludge from water Clean water flows out of system
900gpm (31,000 bbl/day) processing capability
INTEGRATED TREATMENT SYSTEM
Set-up as centralized treatment plant
ITS - 900
MOBILE CHEMICAL TREATMENT - MCT
MOBILE DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION - MD
500 gpm (17,000bbl/day)
NEXT-GENERATION HYBRID ITS-500
Moves from well to well for on-the-fly treatment
Combines chemical and physical treatment units
Standardized on Honeywell Instrumentation
ClO2 is a powerful disinfectant that reacts rapidly via oxidation to provide effective micro-biocidal impact
It delivers broad spectrum performance against bacteria, fungi, algae, viruses, and parasitic microorganisms
In Oil & Gas, ClO2 reduces bio-fouling, oxidizes hydrogen sulfide and iron sulfide
CHLORINE DIOXIDE (ClO2)
Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) produces hydrogen sulfide
Crude oil that contains hydrogen sulfide has reduced commercial value
Hydrogen sulfide makes the separation of water from oil less efficient, and ferrous sulfide precipitates can clog drilling and pumping equipment
SRB are the most potent contributors to the anaerobic corrosion of metal, which causes costly failures of equipment and pipelines
Sulfate SulfideSRB
SULFATE REDUCING BACTERIA
TRADITIONAL vs. SMART WATER MANAGEMENT
Drilling Site
Fresh Water
Disposal Well
Traditional Water Management
Strategy
Fresh water haulers truck 80,000bbl to the drilling site (615 truck loads)
Within the first few days of productivity 20,000bbl of flowback water is hauled to the disposal site (150 truck loads)Overall, 160,000bbl of water is hauled over 1,200 truck trips for one well
Producing Well
60,000bbl produced water is hauled away for disposal (460 truck loads)
60,000bbl
80,000bbl
20,000bbl
Drilling Site
Fresh Water
Disposal Well
Smart Water Management
Strategy
Water is treated and combined to make 80,000bbl of usable water
20,000bbl of flowback water is hauled from the new well pad to the recycling facility
60,000bbl of produced water is hauled to the recycling facility
A mobile water recycling facility is introduced, eliminating the need for fresh water and disposal wells
Recycling eliminates fresh water use and reduces truck movements
Producing Well
X
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60,000bbl
Recycling Facility20,000bbl
80,000bbl
Busin
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ase HYPOTHETICAL BUSINESS CASE
– FRESH WATER USE + DISPOSAL
TOTAL WATER MANAGEMENT COST$164,000 + $200,000 = $364,000/well
20,000bbl of flowback and 60,000bbl of produced water from nearby wells is hauled for disposalDisposal cost per bbl = $0.90 + $1.60
(for hauling) $2.50/bbl x 80,000bbl = $200,000
80,000bbl of fresh water required to frac a wellFresh water cost per bbl = $0.45 + $1.60
(for hauling)$2.05/bbl x 80,000bbl = $164,000
Busin
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ase HYPOTHETICAL BUSINESS CASE
– BRINE WATER RECYCLING & REUSE
TOTAL WATER MANAGEMENT COST$184,000/well
Frac a well with 60,000bbl produced water + 20,000bbl flowbackTreated water cost per bbl = $1.50 + $0.80
(for hauling)$2.30/bbl x 80,000bbl = $184,000
Assuming treating and replenishing brine water costs $1.50/bbl and water hauling is cut by 50%
Busin
ess C
ase RECYCLED BRINE WATER vs. FRESH
WATER
Fresh Water Recycled Brine Water
0100200300400
COST COMPARISON
Fresh water cost per well:$364,000
Recycled water cost per well:$184,000
$364,000 - $184,000 =$180,000 per well
Possible loss of productivity from use of fresh water:
$200,000 per well
COMBINED BENEFITS OF USING TREATED BRINE WATER = $380,000 per well
By recycling frac water, fresh water can be left for other purposes
TSS removal is the key to reuse
Brine water prevents clay from swelling, resulting in higher well productivity
Water reuse eliminates 100s of truck loads per well
Proper water management vs. purchasing/transporting fresh water can result in $100,000’s of savings per well + increase well productivity + reduced truck traffic+ better stewardship of the environment + better community relationships
RECAPCo
nclu
sion
WHERE WE OPERATE
SOUTH TEXAS - EAGLE FORD
WHO: SM Energy (NYSE: SM)
WHAT: ITS-900 System Processing 30,000bbl/day
WHERE: Carrizo Springs, Texas
WHEN: Summer 2013
WHY: Remove Oil, TSS, Iron and Disinfect to prepare water for reuse
BRITISH COLUMBIA – MONTNEY REGION
WHAT: ITS-900 System Processing 30,000bbl/day
WHERE: Dawson Creek, BC
WHEN: Summer 2013
WHY: Remove Oil and TSS in shale frac water to prepare water for reuse
QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS?
888-326-2020 | 678-514-2100www.EcologixSystems.com
@EcologixSystems
