(And neurons). On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous...

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Introduction to the BRAIN (And neurons)

Transcript of (And neurons). On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous...

Page 1: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Introduction to the BRAIN

(And neurons)

Page 2: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System.◦ Everyone must write SOMETHING.

Brain Brain Dump

Page 3: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Thumbs up for TRUE

Thumbs down for FALSE

Preassessment

Page 4: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Plasticity refers to the brain tissues ability to take on new roles when a part of the brain has been damaged.

1.

Page 5: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

TRUE

Page 6: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

If Sammy (age 55) damages the same part of the brain as a Jenny (age 12), Sammy’s brain is more likely to recover faster and take on more roles then Jenny’s brain

2.

Page 7: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

FALSE

Page 8: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

The human brain produces its own natural opiates that elevate mood and ease pain.

3.

Page 9: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

TRUE

Page 10: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

We ordinarily use only 10% percent of our brain.

4.

Page 11: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

FALSE

Page 12: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Some people can write but are unable to read.

5.

Page 13: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

TRUE

Page 14: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Removal of an entire brain hemisphere would necessarily result in a person’s death.

6.

Page 15: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

FALSE

Page 16: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

When looking at human brains, researchers cannot tell the difference between people from different racial backgrounds. (European, American, Asian, African, etc.)

7.

Page 17: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

TRUE

Page 18: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

The central nervous system is a major division of the nervous system and consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

8.

Page 19: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

TRUE

Page 20: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland which secretes hormones that do not affect anything but the sex glands

9.

Page 21: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

FALSE

Page 22: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

The fight or flight response refers to physiological changes such as increased heart rate, accelerated breathing, dry mouth, and perspiration that occur in response to perceived threats or danger.

10.

Page 23: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

TRUE

Page 24: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

The parasympathetic nervous system is a branch of the autonomic nervous system that produces rapid physical arousal in response to perceived emergencies or threats.

11.

Page 25: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

FALSE

Page 26: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

The all or none principle states that a neural message either fires or it doesn’t.

12.

Page 27: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

TRUE

Page 28: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

If you hook an EEG to a blob of jell-o, you will get EEG wave pattern that is almost identical to a human

13.

Page 29: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

TRUE

Page 30: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

When looking at human brains, researches cannot tell the difference between a male and female brain.

14.

Page 31: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

FALSE

Page 32: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Electrically stimulating a cat’s brain at a certain point can cause the animal to cower in terror in the presence of a small mouse.

15.

Page 33: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

TRUE

Page 34: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

We are going to start small and go big

Page 35: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Neurons: The Building Blocks

of the Nervous System

Page 36: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

A small thing in the nervous system that communicates.

Kind of like a cell phone, or maybe even us.

A neuron RECIEVES information, and then GIVES information to the next neuron.

What IS a Neuron?

Page 37: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

The concept of a neuron is simple: It receives information, carries information, and sends information

However, there are fancy words scientists use to label each part of the neuron.

Page 38: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

This is what a neuron looks like

Page 39: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Here’s a different angle.

Page 40: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Information comes to a neuron through the DENDRITES

They’re branchy fibers that receive information

Let’s start with the beginning…

Page 41: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

There they are.

Page 42: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

LIFE GIVING FORCE! It’s the reason the neuron is alive Information does not pass through the soma, but without it, the neuron would die. Oh no!

Soma (Cell Body)

Page 43: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Filled with the juice of life.

Page 44: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Axons carry the message!It’s the long, skinny part.

Axon

Page 45: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

See?

Page 46: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Fatty substance insulating the axon

SPEEDS UP the communication

FAST FAST FAST

Myelin Sheath

Page 47: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.
Page 48: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

SENDS the information away to the new neuron

Contains neurotransmitters

Axon Terminal

Page 49: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.
Page 50: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

We can become a neuron.

STAND UP!

Page 51: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

On a sheet of paper (I will give you) DRAW AND LABEL a neuron. ◦Under each part of the neuron, write its function.

◦Number each part of the neuron to explain the where the impulse goes (for instance, Dendrites are number 1)

◦MAKE IT PRETTY. USE COLORS!

Draw and Label

Page 52: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Neural Communication:

The Neural Impulse

Page 53: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Electrical stimulation!◦A neural impulse.An electrical current travels down the axon.

How do neurons communicate?

Page 54: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Action potentials are created by changing CHARGES inside and outside the neuron

Ions: Some + and some are – Polarization: there is a difference between charges inside and outside the neuron◦Outside is POSITIVE; inside is NEGATIVE

Action Potential

Page 55: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

There is excess Sodium outside the neuron There is excess Potassium inside the neuronThey want to be equal (CHEMISTRY)

Thus, when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron- depolarization occurs.

Action Potential

Page 56: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

When depolarization occurs, there is EXCITATION because there is a + charge inside the neuron, giving the neuron the stimulus it needs to begin the action potential.

Depolarization

Page 57: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Demonstration!!

6 people

I will guide you through it once, and then the class will have to guide you through again.

Depolarization

Page 58: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

A neuron either fires, or it doesn’t- there is no half firing.

There is a base amount of excitation that the neuron needs, and if it gets that, it will ALWAYS fire.

Each time it fires, it fires with the same intensity.

If the base number is 30, it will fire the same at 30 , 31, and 500. If it is 29, it will not fire.

All-or-None Law

Page 59: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

After an action potential, there is a certain amount of time that the neuron is unable to fire again. (It needs to recharge!)

Once the refractory period is complete, it can recharge again.

Refractory Period

Page 60: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

The state of a neuron when it is at rest and capable of generating an action potential

The neuron is set and ready to fire, but does not. It is RESTING.

Resting Potential

Page 61: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.
Page 62: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.
Page 63: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.
Page 64: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Can anyone think of any other examples that relate to the all-or-nothing?

Page 65: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Set up dominoes in groups and complete the sheet.

DOMINOES!!!!!

Page 66: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Axon Terminals- Terminal Buttons

Synapse- point of communication between two neurons

Synaptic gap: Neurons do not touch each other, so there is a TINY fluid filled space separating them

Communication between Neurons

Page 67: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.
Page 68: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Neurons communicate through neurotransmitters.

They are natural chemicals your brain produces that can affect your mood.

When they are overproduced or under produced, they are involved in many psychological disorders.

Neurotransmitters

Page 69: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.
Page 70: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Enables muscle action, REM sleep, and memory

Undersupply, as ACh-producing neurons deteriorate, marks Alzheimer’s disease

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Page 71: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Reward and Motivation, Motor Control over Voluntary Movements

Excessive dopamine receptor activity is linked to schizophrenia; a lack of dopamine produces the tremors and lack of mobility of Parkinson’s disease

Dopamine

Page 72: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal

Undersupply is linked to depression; Prozac and other anti-depressants raise serotonin levels

Serotonin

Page 73: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Helps to control alertness and arousal

Undersupply can depress mood

Norepinephrine

Page 74: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Muscular movement; inhibition of brain activity

Undersupply linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia

Anxiety disorders

GABA

Page 75: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Involved in memory

Oversupply can over stimulate the brain, producing migraines or seizures

Glutamate

Page 76: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Natural opiates that are released in response to pain and vigorous exercise

Endorphins

Page 77: (And neurons).  On the paper around the room, write what you know about the Brain, the Nervous System, a Neuron, and/or the Endocrine System. ◦ Everyone.

Adrenaline Burst of Energy (small amounts in brain)

Epinephrine