and Management of Cetaceans in the...
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First Regional Workshop on Information Gathering and Cetacean Research in the Southeast Asian Waters
Bangkok Thailand; July 30 – 31 2009Bangkok, Thailand; July 30 31, 2009
Status and Management of Status and Management of Cetaceans in the PhilippinesCetaceans in the Philippines
MudjekeewisMudjekeewis D. Santos, Ph.D.D. Santos, Ph.D.Chief, Vertebrate Section, f, ,
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources‐National Fisheries Research and Development Institute
Willi “Bill” P iM !Ad G di William “Bill” PerrinMe!Adon Gaudiano
MoonyeenAlava
AA
Benardine
Louella DolarYaptinchay
Turtle Islands, Philippines Turtle Islands, Philippines 19961996Dolar et al. 1997. Preliminary investigation of marine mammal distribution, abundance
and interactions with humans in the southern Sulu Sea. Asian Mar. Biol. 14, 61-81.
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Research, conservation and management of cetaceans in the Philippines
Research, conservation and management of cetaceans in the Philippinesof cetaceans in the Philippinesof cetaceans in the Philippines
National Conservation PlanNational Conservation PlanNational Conservation PlanNational Conservation PlanNational Conservation PlanNational Conservation PlanNational Conservation PlanNational Conservation Plan
1. Survey and Research
2. Habitat and Resource Management
3. Policy
4. Public information and educationand capacity building
Confirmed Cetaceans in Philippine WatersConfirmed Cetaceans in Philippine Waters
Order Order CetaceaCetaceaSubSub‐‐Order Mysticeti (Baleen whales)Order Mysticeti (Baleen whales)Rorquals (Balaenopteridae) ::55
SubSub‐‐Order Odonticeti (Toothed whales/dolphins )Order Odonticeti (Toothed whales/dolphins )Sperm whales (Physeteridae) ::11Sperm whales (Physeteridae) ::11Pygmy/Dwarf sperm whales (Kogiidae) ::22B k d h l (Zi hiid ) 33Beaked whales (Ziphiidae) ::33Dolphins (Delphinidae) ::1616
TotalTotal ::2727
BalaenopteridaeBalaenopteridae ((33//5 5 sp.)sp.)
PhilippinePhilippineSeaSea
Balaenoptera musculus
South South China China SeaSea
B. edeni
Sulu Sulu SSB omurai SeaSeaB. omurai
Photo: B. Pitman Celebes SeaCelebes Sea
BalaenopteridaeBalaenopteridae (2/5 sp.)(2/5 sp.)
PhilippinePhilippineSeaSea
Blaenoptera physalus
South South China China SeaSea
Megaptera novaeangliae
Photo: J. Gaudiano
Sulu Sulu SSSeaSea
Celebes SeaCelebes SeaPhoto: J. Acebes
PhyseteridaePhyseteridae ((1 1 sp.)sp.)
PhilippinePhilippineSeaSea
Physeter macrocephalus
South South China China SeaSea
Photo: L. Dolar
Sulu Sulu SeaSea
Celebes SeaCelebes Sea
KogiidaeKogiidae ((2 2 spp.)spp.)Kogia sima PhilippinePhilippine
SeaSea
South South China China
Kogia breviceps
Photo: C. Wood SeaSea
Sulu Sulu SSSeaSea
Celebes SeaCelebes Sea
ZiphiidaeZiphiidae ((3 3 spp.)spp.)
Ziphius cavirostris PhilippinePhilippineSeaSea
South South China China
Photo: L. Dolar
M l d d i t i
SeaSea
Mesoplodon densirostris
Sulu Sulu SeaSea
Indopacetus pacificusSeaSea
Celebes SeaCelebes Sea
DelphinidaeDelphinidae: common: common 66//1616 spp.spp.
Spinner dolphin Short-finned pilot whalePantropical spotted dolphin
DelphinidaeDelphinidae: common : common 66//16 16 spp.spp.
Spinner dolphin Short finned pilot whalePantropical spotted dolphin
Photo: A. Bautista
Fraser’s dolphin Bottlenose dolphin Melon-headed whale
Photo: L. Dolar
Photo: L. DolarPhoto: L. Dolar
D l hi idD l hi id ((44//1616 ))DelphinidaeDelphinidae: rare (: rare (44//16 16 spp.)spp.)
Rough-toothed dolphin Indo-pacific dolphin
Irrawady dolphin
Photo: R. Pitman Photo: C. Torno
Photo: C. TornoStriped dolphin Photo: R. Pitman
Surveyed AreasSurveyed AreasSurveyed AreasSurveyed AreasBabuyan Islands
PhilippineSea
yyyyPangasinan/
Zambales C
South China
Coast
• about 40% of Philippine coastal waters surveyed
Seay
for cetacean species identification,
Malampaya Sound
Tanon Strait
,distribution, abundance etc. thus far
Sulu Sea
Bohol Sea
Sea
Davao Gulf/
Celebes SeaSarangani Bay
Abundance EstimatesAbundance EstimatesAbundance EstimatesAbundance EstimatesAbundance EstimatesAbundance EstimatesAbundance EstimatesAbundance Estimates• uses survey method developed y pby Dr. Louella Dolar for developing countriesp g
• Sulu Sea: spinner, pantropical p p pspotted, Fraser’s, common bottlenose and Risso’s dolphins; pshort-finned pilot whale; melon-headed whale and dwarf sperm f pwhale (Dolar et al., 1997); Malampaya Sound: Irrawady p y ydolphin
Legal Protection: National LawsLegal Protection: National LawsLegal Protection: National LawsLegal Protection: National Laws
R bli A 8550 (Phili i Fi h i C d f 1998)
Legal Protection: National LawsLegal Protection: National LawsLegal Protection: National LawsLegal Protection: National Laws
Republic Act 8550 (Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998):‐ provides for the development, management and conservation of the fisheries and aquatic resources
Republic Act 9147 (Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act):‐ provides for the conservation of the country’s wildlife resources and their p f f y fhabitats for sustainability
Republic Act 8485 (Animal Welfare Act of 1998):p ( )‐ provides for protection and promotion of the welfare of all animals in the Philippines
Presidential Proclamation 342 ‐ declaration of Malampaya Sound as a Protected Seascape and Landscape
Legal Protection: Fishery LawsLegal Protection: Fishery LawsLegal Protection: Fishery LawsLegal Protection: Fishery LawsLegal Protection: Fishery LawsLegal Protection: Fishery LawsLegal Protection: Fishery LawsLegal Protection: Fishery Laws
Fisheries Administrative Order 185 series of 1992:ban on all dolphins‐ ban on all dolphins
Fisheries Administrative Order 185‐1 series of 1997:Fisheries Administrative Order 185 1 series of 1997:‐ added whales and porpoises in ban
Fisheries Administrative 208 series of 2001:‐ listed 20 cetacean species as “endangered” and are therefore protected by lawtherefore protected by law
International agreementsInternational agreementsInternational agreementsInternational agreementsInternational agreementsInternational agreementsInternational agreementsInternational agreements
Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna ( )(CITES)
Convention on Migratory Species (CMS)
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Agenda 21 (UNEP’s Sustainable Development)
Jurisdictional ManagementJurisdictional ManagementJurisdictional ManagementJurisdictional ManagementJurisdictional Management Jurisdictional Management Jurisdictional Management Jurisdictional Management
Department of Agriculture ‐ Bureau of Fisheries andDepartment of Agriculture Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA‐BFAR)
all declared aquatic critical habitatsqall aquatic resources including but not limited to
fishes, aquatic plants, invertebrates and all f q pmarine mammals except dugong
Department of Environment and Natural Resources –Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (DENR‐PAWB)
all terrestrial plants and animalsall turtles and tortoise and wetland specieswaterbirds and all amphibians and dugongs
Main Conservation IssueMain Conservation IssueMain Conservation IssueMain Conservation IssueMain Conservation IssueMain Conservation IssueMain Conservation IssueMain Conservation Issue
Because cetaceans are now protected by law, many directed catches (for food and bait) have stopped. ( ) pp
a. Enforcement b. By‐catch
Incidental takes (byIncidental takes (by‐‐catch)catch)Incidental takes (byIncidental takes (by‐‐catch)catch)c de ta ta es (byc de ta ta es (by catc )catc )c de ta ta es (byc de ta ta es (by catc )catc )
Incidental takesIncidental takesIncidental takesIncidental takes(by(by‐‐catch)catch)(by(by‐‐catch)catch)
• examples of coastal areas in the Philippines where incidental takes of cetaceans have been reported
ByBy‐‐catch vs Sustainable Takescatch vs Sustainable TakesByBy‐‐catch vs Sustainable Takescatch vs Sustainable TakesByBy catch vs. Sustainable Takescatch vs. Sustainable Takesof of 11‐‐22% in the eastern Sulu Sea% in the eastern Sulu SeaByBy catch vs. Sustainable Takescatch vs. Sustainable Takesof of 11‐‐22% in the eastern Sulu Sea% in the eastern Sulu Sea
SPECIES BY‐CATCH Compared w/p /Sustainable* take
Spinner dolphin 1 393 4 ‐ 8 X higherSpinner dolphin 1,393 4 8 X higher
Fraser’s dolphin 465 5 ‐10 X
Spotted dolphin 165 1.5 ‐ 3 X
B ttl d l hi 41 5 10 XBottlenose dolphin 41 5 ‐ 10 X
*Sustainable take would be 1‐2% of population size per year
PhillippinePhillippine Fisheries Observer’sFisheries Observer’sPhillippinePhillippine Fisheries Observer’sFisheries Observer’sPhillippinePhillippine Fisheries Observer s Fisheries Observer s Program (PFOP)Program (PFOP)
PhillippinePhillippine Fisheries Observer s Fisheries Observer s Program (PFOP)Program (PFOP)g ( )g ( )g ( )g ( )
• program lead by Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic• program lead by Bureau of Fisheries and AquaticResources
• training of observer’s conducted in June, 2009; fordeployment in Augustdeployment in August
• collect data onboard commercial fishing fleets e g• collect data onboard commercial fishing fleets e.g. purse seines and ringnets on fish catch and by‐catchof marine mammals elasmobranch seabirds etcof marine mammals, elasmobranch, seabirds etc.
StrandingsStrandings or beachingor beachingStrandingsStrandings or beachingor beachingStrandingsStrandings or beachingor beachingStrandingsStrandings or beachingor beaching
StrandingsStrandingsStrandingsStrandings
• examples of coastal areas in the Philippines where strandings of cetaceans have been reported
Stranding and RescueStranding and RescueStranding and RescueStranding and Rescuegggg
PhilippinePhilippineSeaSea
South South China China SeaSea
Sulu Sulu SeaSea
Celebes SeaCelebes Sea
Recent mass Recent mass strandingsstrandings of more than of more than 200 200 melonmelon‐‐headed whales headed whales in Bataan, Northwestern Philippines;in Bataan, Northwestern Philippines;
probably the probably the largestlargest in the history of the countryin the history of the country
Stranding Stranding Stranding Stranding BFAR CentralBFAR Central
BFAR RegionalBFAR RegionalggNetworkNetwork
ggNetworkNetwork Philippine
Sea
South China •BFAR Manila Office isSea
BFAR Manila Office is center of network
• collaboration with other GOs e.g. DENR,
Sulu Sea
ot e GOs e g ,NGOs, academe, LGUs, aquarium, Sea, q ,private companies, civil society
Celebes Sea
y
Stranding and RescueStranding and RescueStranding and RescueStranding and Rescuegggg
2000’1990’ 2000’s1990’s
Pamilacan Island, Bohol
Wh l d D l hi W t hiWh l d D l hi W t hiWh l d D l hi W t hiWh l d D l hi W t hi
Before Now
Whale and Dolphin WatchingWhale and Dolphin WatchingWhale and Dolphin WatchingWhale and Dolphin Watching
Whale and Whale and Whale and Whale and Dolphin Dolphin Dolphin Dolphin Philippine
Sea
WatchingWatchingActivitiesActivitiesWatchingWatchingActivitiesActivities
South China ActivitiesActivitiesActivitiesActivities Sea
Tanon Strait
• regular tourist attraction in Tanon
Sulu Sea
Bohol SeaStrait and Pamilacan, Bohol
Sea
Celebes Sea
Cetacean Cetacean Cetacean Cetacean Babuyan Islands
HotspotsHotspotsHotspotsHotspots PhilippineSea
Pangasinan/
Zambales C
South China
Coast
• identified keySea
identified key biodiversity areas for cetaceans based on
Malampaya Sound
Palawan Waters
Tanon Strait
cetaceans based on survey, stranding and by‐catch reports
Sulu Sea
Bohol Sea
by catc epo ts
• need for more Sea
Davao Gulf/
surveys
Celebes SeaSarangani Bay
CASE STUDY: CASE STUDY: IRRAWADDY DOLPHINS INIRRAWADDY DOLPHINS INCASE STUDY: CASE STUDY: IRRAWADDY DOLPHINS INIRRAWADDY DOLPHINS INIRRAWADDY DOLPHINS IN IRRAWADDY DOLPHINS IN MALAMPAYA SOUNDMALAMPAYA SOUNDIRRAWADDY DOLPHINS IN IRRAWADDY DOLPHINS IN MALAMPAYA SOUNDMALAMPAYA SOUND PhilippinePhilippine
SeaSea
Orcaella brevirostris South South China China SeaSea
Photo: M. Matillano
MalampayaMalampayaSoundSound
Photo: M. Matillano
Sulu Sulu SSSeaSea
Celebes SeaCelebes Sea
Photo: M. Matillano
Irrawaddy Population in M l S d
Irrawaddy Population in M l S dMalampaya SoundMalampaya Sound
South China Sea
S l S
South China Sea
Sulu SeaInner Sound area=134 km2
Best population estimate: 77 animals (CV= 27.4%)
Threats to Irrawaddy DolphinsThreats to Irrawaddy DolphinsThreats to Irrawaddy DolphinsThreats to Irrawaddy Dolphinseats to a addy o p seats to a addy o p seats to a addy o p seats to a addy o p s
Fishery Demography • 30 Bottom set gillnets • 81 Crab traps82 Lift t
• 22 villages • 27,828 human residents
>70% i fi hi • 82 Liftnets• 169 Shrimp corals• ? Ringnets
‐ >70% engage in fishing• 6.65% annual growth rate
? Ringnets• Heavy boat traffic
Conservation and ManagementConservation and ManagementConservation and ManagementConservation and Management
1992: Philippine government established the National d d ( )Integrated Protected Areas Program (NIPAP)
System Act – to protect biodiversity.199 hili i d C i i f1995: Philippine government and Commission of
European Union (EU) – signed a Financing MemoM l S d f h i l d‐Malampaya Sound, one of the sites selected(has 21 endemic birds and 4 endemic mammals)
1998 M l S d d d l i i k1998: Malampaya Sound dropped to low priority rank1999: Surveys on Irrawaddy dolphin status help elevate
i i k f h S dpriority rank of the Sound2000: The Sound was declared a Protected Seascape and
L d (P id i l P l i 342)Landscape (Presidential Proclamation 342)
Specific Irrawaddy Dolphin Conservation ProgramSpecific Irrawaddy Dolphin Conservation ProgramSpecific Irrawaddy Dolphin Conservation ProgramSpecific Irrawaddy Dolphin Conservation Program
WWF – Philippines.“Malampaya Research & Conservation”
(Support from Shell Phil. Explorations since 2001)
• Monitors dolphin by‐catch• Advocates for fishery regulation and modification‐May 2005 – banning of the ringnet (caught 3 dolphins i 2004)in 2004)
• Conservation education• Institutional capacity building• Institutional capacity building• Continued monitoring of population size
IRRAWADY DOLPHINSIRRAWADY DOLPHINS
Orcaella brevirostris PhilippinePhilippineSeaSea
South South China China SeaSea
Newly Newly discovereddiscoveredpopulationpopulation
Photo: M. Matillano MalampayaMalampayaSoundSound
GuimarasGuimarasStraitStrait
populationpopulation
Sulu Sulu SSSeaSea
Photo: M. Matillano
Celebes SeaCelebes Sea
Recommendation for future research workRecommendation for future research workRecommendation for future research workRecommendation for future research work1) Population modeling of Irrawaddy dolphins; habitat use and range; study of fishery interactions(by‐catch) and gear modification in Malampaya Sound.
2) Research on Taiwanese‐directed catch or bycatch in Babuyan islands, northern Luzon (through) y y , ( ginterviews or actual observation).
3) Species identification and stock identity of bottlenose dolphins in Malampaya Sound, Palawanand Babuyan islands.
4) Ab d f F ’ d l hi i B b I l d B h l d L t4) Abundance of Fraser’s dolphins in Babuyan Islands, Bohol and Leyte.5) Research on areas of “pamo” fisheries for large pelagics.6) Further investigation of spinner dolphin population in Balayan Bay, Batangas.7) Stock identity of Risso’s dolphins in Palawan, Bohol and Sulu sea through photo‐identification.) y p , g p8) Photo‐identification of killer whales in Davao or Aliguey area.9) Photo‐identification of short‐finned pilot whales in known areas of occurrence in the country.10) Surveys of other sites in the Philippines that may harbor Irrawaddy dolphins.11) St t i f it f id tifi ti f i th t d l ti d11) Strategic survey of new sites for identification of species, threatened populations and
habitats, and important conservation sites.12) Sustained monitoring of areas that are known to have cetacean takes.13) Socio‐economic studies of fisheries with significant cetacean by‐catch, and possible ) g y , p
development of alternative livelihoods and whale watching.14) Levels and effects of pollutants on populations.15) Expansion of stranding networks to support research objectives and conservation goals.16) A i ti f h t th d d l hi i B b I l d ith T i l li fi h16) Association of rough‐toothed dolphins in Babuyan Islands with Taiwanese long‐line fishery.17) Genetic study of the Irrawaddy dolphin population in Malampaya Sound.18) Broadscale survey of the remaining unseruveyed areas in the Philippines
SSMESSME‐‐CTI Joint Marine Mammal Survey Proposal CTI Joint Marine Mammal Survey Proposal
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I N D O N E S I ASULAWESI UTARA
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Site I Site II Site IIIFig. 1. Marine mammal cruise survey sites in Sulawesi Sea