and Effects of Open Skies Policy
Transcript of and Effects of Open Skies Policy
2010年6月3日 国際航空セミナー
Overview and Effects of Open Skies Policy
Makoto WashizuChairman, Japan International Transport Institute
鷲頭 誠 国際問題研究所 所長
2010年6月3日 国際航空セミナー
Topics of Today’s Seminar
Impacts of international air transport on tourism
Open skies from European perspective
Open skies from Asian perspective
Before starting these speeches…
… brief overview of policy development of international aviation.
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2010年6月3日 国際航空セミナー
Outline
History of Japanese Aviation Policy
Elements of Typical Open Skies Bilaterals
U.S.‐EU Open Skies Agreement
Japan‐U.S. Negotiations
Effects of Open Skies: Code Share Alliances, ATI and JVs
Benefits of Open Skies
Case Studies
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2010年6月3日 国際航空セミナー
History of Japanese Aviation Policy
1952 First Air Services Agreement (JPN‐US ASA)Traditional ASA called “Bermuda Agreement Type”
1985 Multiple designation of airlines
1990s Deregulations of air fares
2000 Abolishment of supply‐demand control in domestic market
2007 Asia Gateway InitiativesTo create strategic international aviation network through “Asia Open Skies”
To open up Haneda to more international flights
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2010年6月3日 国際航空セミナー
Elements of Typical Open Skies Bilaterals
Open route rights
Unlimited carrier designation
No restrictions on capacity, frequencies or aircraft type
Pricing determined by market forces
Cooperative marketing arrangements like code‐sharing and wet‐leasing
Liberal charter regimesetc.
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2010年6月3日 国際航空セミナー
U.S.‐EU Open Skies AgreementFirst Stage took effect on March 30, 2008.
Second Stage negotiations began in May 2008 and ended in March 2010.
Agreement focuses on “soft” rights—pledges to cooperate, coordinate and confer in the future on sensitive issues like ownership.
Major changes in Agreement include:Reciprocal recognition of fitness and citizenship determinations
Cooperation on environmental issues like aircraft noise and carbon trading
Further expansion of market access opportunities
Expansion of EU carrier access to Fly America Traffic
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2010年6月3日 国際航空セミナー
Japan – US Aviation Relationships
1952 Japan – US Air Services AgreementImbalance between JPN/US ‐‐‐ number of airlines and traffic rights.
1985 MOU“Non‐incumbent carriers” eg. ANA, NCA.
1998 MOUEqualized numbers of incumbent carriers.No limit of traffic rights for incumbent carriers.Restrictions for non‐incumbents remained.Imbalance of slot share at NRT remained.
2009 Agreement
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2010年6月3日 国際航空セミナー
Japan – US Aviation RelationshipsAirport capacity increases in 2010.
NRT : Summer 2010 ‐ the airport capacity increases from 200 thousand flights/year to 220 thousand flights/year.HND : 2010 Oct. ‐ 4th runway will start operation.
“Big Bang” of Aviation Policy toward 2010 – Asia Gateway Initiatives
NRT to strengthen its international air network.HND to promote international air services2010 onwards : International air services can use 30 thou. flights / year for both “daytime” and “midnight and early morning”.‐‐‐ “daytime” for near Asia routes and “midnight and early morning” for world major cities including Europe and US.
2009 AgreementLiberalized rotues, number of flights and number of airlines.Free codesharing.Simplified fare approval system.
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2010年6月3日 国際航空セミナー
Effects of Open Skies
Code Share Alliances, ATI and JVs
Increased Traffic
Reduced Fares and Air Transport Costs
Increased Economic/Job Growth
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2010年6月3日 国際航空セミナー
Transatlantic Markets, Changes in Average Fare, 1998 vs. 1996
10Source: US DOT, International Aviation Developments: Global Deregulation Takes Off (First Report) (December 1999).
2010年6月3日 国際航空セミナー
Benefits of Open Skies:Asian Case
Malaysia‐Thailand MarketOriginal 1969 Bermuda Bilateral liberalized over years.
Increased services, frequencies and overall traffic between 2 countries.
As of 2005, 1.3 million passengers traveled between the 2 countries.
370,000 due to liberalization and entry of LCCs like AirAsia.
Liberalization expanded market by 37%, creating for each country more than 4,300 full‐time jobs and a stimulus to GDP of over US$114 million.
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2010年6月3日 国際航空セミナー
Benefits of Open Skies:Asian Case
Shingapore – Kuala Lumpur Market
Liberalization in Dec. 2008
LCC entered into the market and the flight fare was reduced drastically ‐‐‐ from 400S$ to 100S$.
The number of tourists increased 34% in 2009.
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2010年6月3日 国際航空セミナー
To open up Japanese sky to the world, to Asia.To promote open skies policy strategically with a priority on Asian countries in order to realize tourism‐oriented nation and to introduce new comers such as LCCs.
To enhance consumers’ benefits through promotion of LCC.To strengthen the system to accept inbound tourists from Asian nations ‐‐‐ eg. To develop LCC terminal in the major airports.
2010年6月3日 国際航空セミナー
The seminar starts NOW.
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