Ancients to Alchemists

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    Ancients,Ancients,Alchemists &Alchemists &

    Proto-ChemistsProto-Chemists

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    Warm Up Day 1You are an atom prior to the 19 th century, when atomswere not yet discovered. Nobody recognizes you or knows who you are. Compose a short paragraph that

    you could write to students & scientists alikeexplaining who you are, why you are so important,and why it is so unfortunate that people dont knowyou! Use prior knowledge of atoms, be creative, befunny, use witty sarcasm and/or make a song or rhymeout of it.

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    Atomic History Time Line

    450 BC The Atomists Democritus & LeucippusFirst posed idea that matter is made of indivisible

    particles called atoms (A-tom = no cut, or unable to be divided further).

    At Least 3 Greek Theories

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    Democritus of AbderaDemocritus asserted that space, or theVoid, had an equal right with reality,or Being, to be considered existent.He conceived of the Void as avacuum, an infinite space in whichmoved an infinite number of atoms

    that made up Being (i.e. the physicalworld). These atoms are eternal andinvisible; absolutely small, so smallthat their size cannot be diminished(hence the name atomon, or "indivisible"); absolutely full and

    incompressible, as they are without pores and entirely fill the space theyoccupy; and homogeneous, differingonly in shape, arrangement, position,and magnitude.

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    HeraclitusHeraclitus claimed that the nature of everything ischange itself; likened to everything being made of fire.

    This led to the belief that change is real, and stabilityillusory. For Heraclitus everything is "in flux", asexemplified in his famous aphorism "Panta Rhei"("Panta Rei"):

    Heraclitus by Hendrick ter Brugghen (Plato, Cratylus 402a)

    Everything flows and nothing is left (unchanged), or Everything flows and nothing stands still, or All things are in motion and nothing remains still.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrick_ter_Brugghenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrick_ter_Brugghenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrick_ter_Brugghenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrick_ter_Brugghenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrick_ter_Brugghenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrick_ter_Brugghenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Change
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    Along comes Aristotle!All substances aremade of 4 elements!Fire Hot, Air light,Earth - cool, heavy,Water wetBlend these in different

    proportions to get allsubstances.

    http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/rembrandt/1650/aristotle-homer.jpg

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    Aristotle Aristotle's teachings against the idea of

    Democritus's atom were so powerful that the ideaof the atom fell out of philosophical fashion for thenext 2,000 years!

    This time period would be dominated by pseudoscience in the name of Alchemy and nothingwould happen for a long

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    long

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    long time

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    However while we are waiting

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    along come the Alchemists!

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    10 th Century Al-Razi developed labequipment &

    procedures, alsodiscovered Sulfuricacid.

    Medieval Europe 1660sHennig Brand searched for the Philosophers Stone , asubstance that would change

    base metals into gold.Discovered Phosphorous.

    8 th CenturyJabir Ibn Haiyan,introducedexperimentalinvestigation toalchemy.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Henning_brand.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Rhazes.jpg
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    Then, finallythe science of Chemistry emerges.

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    1780s Antoine Lavoisier proposed the law of conservation of matter:matter is neither created nor

    destroyed.

    1700s Joseph Priestley Gascollection usingdisplacement,

    discovered oxygen.

    1600s Otto vonGuerickeAir pressure studies,something theAlchemists lacked.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Priestley.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Guericke.png
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    The Atom Video

    An Introduction to the World of Chemistry!!

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    Warm Up!

    Mr. OConnell is forced to unfortunately delaythe start of his class by 30. seconds every time astudent asks him a question just after the tardybell has rung. If 5 students do this at the start of every class throughout the week, how manytimes could he watch the Lord of the RingsTrilogy with the time wasted in his 9 years of working here? (LOTR Running timeapproximately 682 min. for extended editions)

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    Mystery Boxes Activity