Ancient Theories
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Transcript of Ancient Theories
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Scientific Revolutionaries
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Ancient Theory
Ptolemy (1st Century A.D.)• Developed Geocentric
Theory– Earth is the center of
the universe and all other objects orbit around it
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Copernicus (1473-1543)• Developed Heliocentric
Model– Sun is the center of the
universe and all other objects orbit around it
• Earth is no different than any other planet
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Heliocentric Model
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Copernicus
• Copernicus didn’t publish book until last year of his life
• He knew Church would oppose his work– It contradicted teachings of church
• Weakness of theory: didn’t predict position of orbiting planets well
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On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
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Quick Question
How do you think the ideas of Copernicus might have influenced the way people thought about the nature of man and
man’s place in the universe?
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Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
• Set out to prove Copernicus wrong – ended up fixing his theory
• Planetary movements could be predicted using math
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Kepler solved main problem of Copernican theory• Copernicus wrongly assumed planets orbited in circle• Planets move in elliptical orbits• Planets don’t move at uniform speeds
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Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
• Early user of the scientific method
• Developed:– Formula for acceleration
of falling objects– Law of inertia– Discoveries using the
telescope
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Science and the Church• Galileo’s work supported Copernicus• Pope ordered Galileo to Rome to stand trial
• Church wanted to stamp out heresy (ideas besides their own)
• Found guilty • Galileo agreed not to use Copernican theory in future
work• Received lenient sentence • Put under house arrest for the rest of his life
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Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
• Newton developed calculus• Used calculus to predict
effects of gravity– German philosopher developed
calculus at same time – both men accused each other of plagiarism
– Historians believe it was simple case of independent discovery
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Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
• Father of the “Scientific Method”
• Emphasis on practical, useful knowledge
• Famously died from pneumonia while conducting an experiment on the effects of snow on the preservation of meat
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The Scientific Method
1) Identify problem
2) Form hypothesis
3) Perform experiments to test hypothesis
4) Record results
5) Analyze results, form conclusion
Big Bang Theory and the Scientific Method
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Summing Things Up
Scientific Revolution Video Clip
Copernicus = Heliocentric Theory
Kepler = Elliptical Planetary Orbits
Galileo = Support for Heliocentric Theory, Acceleration, Inertia
Newton = Calculus and Gravity
Bacon = Scientific Method