ANCIENT ROME

Roman Legion• Divided into

infantry and cavalry

• 5,000 Soldiers• Every citizen

had to serve for 10 years

Roman Legion

• Divided into smaller groups of 80 men called a century

Roman Power Grows• Roman power

grew slowly and steadily

• Eventually conquered all of Italy

The Defeated People• Rome was lenient to the

people they conquered–They were allowed to

be full citizens if they lived on the Tiber

–Those who lived further away had citizenship but could not vote.

City- State of Carthage

• Trading post established by Trading post established by Phoenicians who called it Phoenicians who called it CarthageCarthage

• Carthage becomes an Carthage becomes an independent stateindependent state

• Grew to one of the most powerful Grew to one of the most powerful cities in the ancient world until….cities in the ancient world until….

The Punic Wars• Eventually Rome

and Carthage began to fight over trade in the Mediterranean Sea

• They fought 3 wars

The First Punic War264 BC-241 BC

• Fought over Sicily for 23 years

• Carthage lost• This was Rome’s

first province

The Second Punic War218 BC – 202 BC

• Carthage was led by HANNIBAL a brilliant general.

• He used 46,000 men, 9,000 cavalry and 37 elephants.

• To surprise Rome he went through the Alps

The Second Punic War

For 15 years, Hannibal moved across Italy dominating

• Finally a Roman general name SCIPIO defeated Hannibal.

The Third Punic War149 BC -146 BC

• Cato an influential senator reminded them of the terror Hannibal laid on Italy.

• By this time, Carthage was no longer a threat.

• Romans destroy Carthage and sold all of Carthaginians into slavery!

Rome In Control

• Victory in the Punic Wars gave Rome control of the Mediterranean

• Mare Nostrum or “Our Sea”

Socrative Exit Ticket

• #3: Why were the Punic Wars important to the Roman Republic?

• #4:

a. How many Punic Wars were there?

b.Who was involved in the Punic Wars?

c. Who was the general of Carthage, who travelled with elephants?

Julius Caesar, the dictator

• Ambitious military commander

• Conquest of Gaul• Secret crossing of the

Rubicon River• “Veni, vedi, vici”• Forced Senate to make

him a dictator for life

ASSASSINATION OF

CAESAR• Caesar’s enemies worried he would make himself king of Rome and be too powerful

• Plot against him to save the Republic• 44 BC killed by Brutus and Cassius

in the Senate

EXIT INTERVIEW•SUMMARIZE THE IMPORTANCE AND IMPACT THE PUNIC WARS HAD ON ROMAN SOCIETY

(AT LEAST 5 SENTENCES)