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Transcript of Ancient near east_art
Ancient Near Eastern Art
Adapted from presentation by
William V. Ganis, PhD
Achievements in Ancient Near East Bronze
Age• Sumer: cities, laws, architecture,
pottery, weaving, metalwork• Mesopotamia: early writing,
Judaism, Christianity, Islam….• Egypt: levees and canals, stable
empire for 3000 years, great pyramids, medicine, mummification
Sumerian Art
How was Sumerian society organized?
How did they worship?
White Temple and ziggurat
Uruk (modern Warka) Iraq
ca. 3,200-3,000 B.C.E.mud brick DEDICATED TO SKY GOD, ANU.. Population 40,000
White Temple and ziggurat
Uruk (modern Warka) Iraq
ca. 3,200-3,000 B.C.E.mud brick
Female head (possibly Inanna)
from Uruk (modern Warka) Iraq
ca. 3,200-3,000 B.C.E.marbleapproximately 8 in. highGoddess of Love & War
Wore big, bitumen eyebrows, inlaid eyes with shells and lapiz lazuli
RECOVERED
Warka Vase
from Uruk (modern Warka) Iraq
ca. 3,200-3,000 B.C.E.alabasterapproximately 3 ft. high
Most important relief sculpture…reliefs showing InannaTiered REGISTERS WITH FIRM GROUND LINE
RECOVERED
Warka Vase
from Uruk (modern Warka) Iraq
ca. 3,200-3,000 B.C.E.alabasterapproximately 3 ft. high
HIERARCHY OF SCALEOr heratic sclae
Statuettes of worshippers
from Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar) Iraq
ca. 2,700 B.C.E.gypsum, shell, black limestonetallest 30 in. high
BIG EYES why??Nude at waist
Also known as Votive Statues
SOME MISSING
Statuettes of worhippers
from Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar) Iraq
ca. 2,700 B.C.E.gypsum, shell, black limestonetallest 30 in. high
Standard of Ur
from Tomb 779, Royal Cemetery Ur
(modern Tell Muqayyar) Iraq
ca. 2,600 B.C.E.wood, shell, lapis lazuli, red limestoneapproximately 8 x 19 in.
War
Peace
Registers
Found in Sumer
HIERARCHY OF SCALEBigger = better
Standard of Ur (war side)
from Tomb 779, Royal Cemetery Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar) Iraq
ca. 2,600 B.C.E.wood, shell, lapis lazuli, red limestoneapproximately 8 x 19 in.
Standard of Ur (peace side)
from Tomb 779, Royal Cemetery Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar) Iraq
ca. 2,600 B.C.E.wood, shell, lapis lazuli, red limestoneapproximately 8 x 19 in.
Bull-headed lyre
from Tomb 789, Royal Cemetery Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar)
ca. 2,600 B.C.E.wood, gold leaf, lapis lazuliapproximately 65 in. highSound box. Found in sumer.
Bull-headed lyre
from Tomb 789, Royal Cemetery Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar)
ca. 2,600 B.C.E.wood, gold leaf, lapis lazuliapproximately 65 in. high
Ram in a thicket
from Tomb 789, Royal Cemetery Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar) Iraq
ca. 2,600 B.C.E.gold, silver, lapis lazuli, copper, shell, red
limestone, bitumen 42.6 cm. high
Cylinder seals
ca. 2,600-2,000 B.C.E.approximately 2 in. highUsed to sign documentsKeep agricultural recordsProfile w/big eyes (SUMER)
Akkadian Art
Head of an Akkadian ruler
from Ninevah (modern Kuyunjik) Iraq
ca. 2,250-2,200 B.C.E., copper14 3/8 in. highArrogant powerEarliest hollow cast metal sculpture
Victory stele of Naram-Sin
from Susa, Iran
ca. 2,254-2,218 B.C.E.sandstone79 in. high
Why is this significant?
What conventions are used to show importance, space, and time?
What was the purpose of this art work?
Who was it intended for?
FAB FIVE ANALYSIS
Victory stele of Naram-Sin
from Susa, Iran
ca. 2,254-2,218 B.C.E.sandstone79 in. high
Kings were divinely chosen.
Horned crown = divinity
Victory over Iran. Soldiers not generic
Enemies die, plead
Neo-Sumerian Art
Ziggurat (restored)at Ur
Neo sumerian period
at Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar) Iraq
ca. 2,100 B.C.E.mud brick
Gudea?
Statue of Sumerian Prince
Peaceful pose, holds fountain.
Plan of temple, Ensi not King.
Piety, simplicity, simple dress.
ICONOGRAPHY
Several of these statutes exist.
Babylonian Art
Stele with code of Hammurabi
from Susa, Iran
ca. 1,780 B.C.E.basalt88 in. high
Hammurabi codified laws.. 1st known example
Laws & penalties, protections for widows & kids.
An eye for an Eye
No vigilantisms, but system of justice.
Seated sun God giving the rod of justice.
Basis for today’s laws!
Assyrian Art
•1st true empire..Semitic nomads worshipping Ashur
•900 BCE conquered upper Mesopotamia
•Savage culture, militaristic
•Flayed their enemies alive
•Art: perspective, anatomy
•Commemorated victories & hunts (propaganda?)
•Sargon = King of All
•Conquered Mesopotamia, ruled 5 generations
Reconstruction drawing
of the citadel of Sargon II, Dar Sharrukin (modern Khorsabad) Iraq
ca. 720-705 B.C.E.
Lamassu (winged human headed bull)
from the citadel of Sargon II, Dar Sharrukin (modern Khorsabad) Iraq
ca. 720-705 B.C.E.limestone13 ft. 10 in. highGuarded palace… relief AND in the round sculpture… 5 legs
Gilgamesh? Wrestling Lion
from the citadel of Sargon II, Dar Sharrukin
ca. 720-705 B.C.E.limestone13 ft. 10 in. high
Ashurbanipal hunting lions
Last great Assyrian king.. Shows bravery in hunting lions. Dying lioness drags back legs, King hierarchy of scale.
from the North Palace of Ashurbanipal, Ninevah (modern Kuyunjik) Iraq
ca. 645-640 B.C.E.gypsumapproximately 5 ft. high
Ashurbanipal hunting lions
from the North Palace of Ashurbanipal, Ninevah (modern Kuyunjik) Iraq
ca. 645-640 B.C.E.gypsumapproximately 5 ft. high
Ashurbanipal hunting lions
from the North Palace of Ashurbanipal, Ninevah (modern Kuyunjik) Iraq
ca. 645-640 B.C.E.gypsumapproximately 5 ft. high
Neo-Babylonian Art
Ishtar Gate (restored)
from Babylon, Iraq
ca. 575 B.C.E.glazed brick
Ishtar Gate (restored)details of dragon (Marduk) and
bull (Adad)
from Babylon, Iraq
ca. 575 B.C.E.glazed brick
Ishtar Gate (restored)details of lion (Ishtar)
from Babylon, Iraq
ca. 575 B.C.E.glazed brick
Achaemenid Persian Art
Palace of Darius I and Xerxes I
Persepolis, Iran
ca. 521-465 B.C.E.
Palace of Darius I and Xerxes I
Persepolis, Iran
ca. 521-465 B.C.E.
Large complex empire, until conquered by Alexander the Great. Palace at Perspeolis… Controlled Indus river. Gate and hall of 100 columns, held 10,000 people. Carved reliefs, contact with ancient Greece and Egypt.