Ancient Law Legal Fiction Sir Henry Sumner Maine, Ancient Law

7/31/2019 Ancient Law Legal Fiction Sir Henry Sumner Maine, Ancient Law

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ancient-law-legal-fiction-sir-henry-sumner-maine-ancient-law 1/228

Fajilau @f{

Iuz Jbaaljuiba {ium uml Lfs`y Mizubsy bh Zbjiluyfae Iuz Sl`fuiba ub Nbelsa Ielfz

Cy Mlasy Z|nals Nfial



ii

Fajilau @f{, iuz jbaaljuiba {ium uml lfs`y mizubsy bh zbjiluy fae iuz sl`fuiba ubnbelsa ielfz, {ium fa iausbe|juiba fae abulz cy Zis Hslelsijd Wb``bjd! 5um Fnlsijfahsbn uml 67um @baeba leiuiba -Al{ Ybsd? Mlasy Mbù fae Jb!, 6978)!

/ F|umbs? Zis Mlasy Z|nals Nfial/ Iausbe|juiba? Zis Hslelsijd Wb``bjd

Zis Mlasy Z|nals Nfial, Fajilau @f{, iuz jbaaljuiba {ium uml lfs`y mizubsy bh zbjiluy fae iuz sl`fuiba ub nbelsa ielfz, {ium fa iausbe|juiba fae abulz cy Zis Hslelsijd Wb``bjd! 5um Fnlsijfa hsbn uml 67um @baeba leiuiba -Al{ Ybsd? Mlasy Mbù fae Jb!,6978)!

Fjjlzzle hsbn muuw?""b``!ìclsuyh|ae!bsk"uiu`l"3776 ba 3767.76.65Fcb|u @iclsuy H|ae?

@iclsuy H|ae, Iaj! iz f wsixful, le|jfuibaf` hb|aefuiba lzufcìzmle ub lajb|sfkluml zu|ey bh uml ielf` bh f zbjiluy bh hsll fae slzwbazic`l iaeixie|f`z!Jbwysikmu iahbsnfuiba?

Uml ul}u iz ia uml w|cìj ebnfia!Hfis |zl zufulnlau?

Umiz nfulsif` iz w|u baìal ub h|sumls uml le|jfuibaf` kbf`z bh @iclsuy H|ae, Iaj!\a`lzz bumls{izl zufule ia uml Jbwysikmu Iahbsnfuiba zljuiba fcbxl, umiz nfulsif` nfy cl |zle hsll`y hbs le|jfuibaf` fae fjfelnij w|swbzlz! Iu nfy abu cl |zle ia fay {fy hbs wsbhiu!



iii

JBAULAUZ

WSLHFJL UB UML ULAUM LEIUIBA! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRx

WSLHFJL UB UML HIHUM LEIUIBA! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR xi

WSLHFJL UB UML UMISE LEIUIBA!RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRxii

WSLHFJL UB UML HISZU LEIUIBA! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR xiii

IAUSBE\JUIBA! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR6

JMFWULS I! FAJILAU JBELZ!RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR ;

JMFWULS II! @LKF@ HIJUIBAZ! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR6<

JMFWULS III! @F[ BH AFU\SL FAE LV\IUY!RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR 35

JMFWULS IX! UML NBELSA MIZUBSY BH UML @F[ BH AFU\SL!RRRRR:8

JMFWULS X! WSINIUIXL ZBJILUY FAE FAJILAU @F[! RRRRRRRRRRRRRR<3

JMFWULS XI! UML LFS@Y MIZUBSY BH ULZUFNLAUFSY Z\JJLZZIBA!

RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR ;< JMFWULS XII! FAJILAU FAE NBELSA IELFZ SLZWLJUIAK [I@@Z FAE

Z\JJLZZIBAZ! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR9:

JMFWULS XIII! UML LFS@Y MIZUBSY BH WSBWLSUY! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRR67<

JMFWULS I]! UML LFS@Y MIZUBSY BH JBAUSFJU! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR 639

JMFWULS ]! UML LFS@Y MIZUBSY BH EL@IJU FAE JSINL! RRRRRRRR 6<5

FWWLAEI] RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR68;

ABULZ UB JMFWULS 6 RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR 68; ABUL F! FAUIV\IUY BH SBNFA @F[! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR 68; ABUL C! J\ZUBNFSY @F[ IA MBNLS!RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR 68= ABUL J! LFS@Y HBSNZ BH @F[? ‐[SIUULA„ FAE ‐\A[SIUULA„ @F[?LFS@Y JBELZ! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR6;6

ABULZ UB JMFWULS IIRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR 6;5 ABUL E! LAK@IZM JFZL.@F[ FAE HIJUIBA! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR 6;5

ABULZ UB JMFWULS III RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR6;8 ABUL L! UML @F[ BH AFU\SL FAE ‐I\Z KLAUI\N!„RRRRRRRRRRRRRRR 6;8

ABUL H! LV\IUY! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR 6=7ABULZ UB JMFWULS IX RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR 6=3

ABUL K! NLEILXF@ FAE NBELSA USLFUNLAU BH UML @F[ BH AFU\SL? CSFJUBA? HSLAJM W\C@IJIZUZ! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR 6=3 ABUL M! UML BSIKIAZ BH UML NBELSA @F[ BH AFUIBAZ! RRRRRRRR 6=;

ABULZ UB JMFWULS X! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR 6=9



ix

ABUL I! NBAULZV\IL\, CLAUMFN, FAE MIZUBSIJF@ NLUMBE! RRR6=9 ABUL D! UML WFUSIFSJMF@ UMLBSY!RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR696 ABUL @! ZUFU\Z FAE JBAUSFJU! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR69;

ABULZ UB JMFWULS XI RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR377 ABUL N! ULZUFNLAUFSY Z\JJLZZIBA! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR377

ABULZ UB JMFWULS XII RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR37< ABUL A! WSINBKLAIU\SL! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR37<

ABULZ UB JMFWULS XIIIRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR37; ABUL B! JFWU\SL, BJJ\WFUIBA, WBZZLZZIBA! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR37; ABUL W! UML IAEIFA XI@@FKL JBNN\AIUY! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR366 ABUL V! SLZ NFAJIWI4 F@ILAFUIBA IA LFS@Y @F[! RRRRRRRRRRRRRR36:

ABULZ UB JMFWULS I] RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR36< ABUL S! JBAUSFJU IA LFS@Y @F[! RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR36<

ABULZ UB JMFWULS ] RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR36; ABUL Z! FSJMFIJ WSBJLE\SL!RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR36;



x

WSLHFJL UB UML ULAUM LEIUIBA!

Uml umlbsy bh `lkf` elxl`bwnlau wsbwb|aele ia umiz xb`|nl mfz clla klalsf``yfjjlwule4 c|u iu mfz clla umb|kmu umfu, ia miz Hihum Jmfwuls ba ‐Wsiniuixl Zbjiluy faeFajilau @f{,„ uml F|umbs mfz abu ebal z|hhijilau o|zuijl ub iaxlzuikfuibaz {mijm fwwlfs ub zmb{ uml l}izulajl bh zufulz bh zbjiluy zui`` nbsl s|einlaufsy umfa umfu xixie`yelzjsicle ia uml Mbnlsij ìalz v|bule fu wfkl 667, fae bseiafsi`y dab{a fz umlWfusifsjmf` Zuful! Uml F|umbs fu wfkl 678 mfz nlauibale ‐fjjb|auz cy jbaulnwbsfsybczlsxlsz bh jixiìzfuibaz `lzz fexfajle umfa umlis b{a,„ fz jfwfc`l bh fhhbseiak

wlj|ìfs`y kbbe lxielajl jbajlsaiak uml s|einlauz bh zbjiluy4 fae, ia hfju, ziajl miz{bsd {fz hiszu w|cìzmle, ia 6=86, uml bczlsxfuiba bh zfxfkl bs l}uslnl`y cfscfsb|zsfjlz mfz csb|kmu ub ìkmu hbsnz bh zbjif` bskfaizfuiba l}uslnl`y |aìdl umfu ub {mijm mlmfz slhlssle uml clkiaaiakz bh `f{, fae wbzzic`y ia zbnl jfzlz bh kslfuls fauiv|iuy! Umlz|colju iz, wsbwls`y zwlfdiak, clybae uml zjbwl bh uml wslzlau {bsd, c|u ml mfz kixla mizbwiaiba |wba uml slz|ùz bh umlzl nbsl sljlau iav|isilz ia f wfwls ba ‐Umlbsilz bh Wsiniuixl Zbjiluy,„ w|cìzmle ia f xb`|nl ba ‐Lfs`y @f{ fae J|zubn!„

M! Z! N!

@baeba, Abxlncls, 6==5!



xi

WSLHFJL UB UML HIHUM LEIUIBA!

[mi`l h|sumls slh`ljuiba fae slzlfsjm mfxl abu `le uml F|umbs bh umiz {bsd ub f`uls miz xil{z ba nbzu bh uml nfuulsz bh {mijm iu uslfuz, ml mfz jbaxiajle minzl`h umfu umlbwiaibaz l}wslzzle ia uml Hiszu Jmfwuls ba uml eihhij|`u fae zui`` bczj|sl z|colju bh umlbsikia bh J|zubnfsy @f{ slv|isl jbssljuiba fae nbeihijfuiba! Ml mfz fuulnwule ubz|ww`y f wfsu bh uml aljlzzfsy jbssljuibaz fae nbeihijfuibaz ia f xb`|nl jf``le ‐Xi``fklJbnn|aiuilz ia uml Lfzu fae [lzu„!

M! Z! N!

@baeba, Eljlncls, 6=;=!



xii

WSLHFJL UB UML UMISE LEIUIBA!

Uml Zljbae fae Umise Leiuibaz bh umiz {bsd mfxl clla z|czufauif``y slwsiauz bh uml Hiszu! Zbnl hl{ lssbsz mfxl, mb{lxls, clla jbssljule!

Iu iz aljlzzfsy ub slniae uml slfels umfu uml Hiszu Leiuiba {fz w|c`izmle ia 6=86!Uml jb|szl bh lxlauz ziajl umfu wlsibe ia S|zzif fae ia Absumlsa Fnlsijf mfz ufdlaf{fy n|jm bh iuz fww`ijfuiba ub l}izuiak hfjuz hsbn uml `fak|fkl lnw`byle cy uml {siuls ba uml z|colju bh zlshfkl ia S|zzif, bh uml S|zzifa xi``fkl.jbnn|aiuilz, fae bh alksb.

z`fxlsy ia uml \aiule Zufulz! Iu nfy wlsmfwz cl iaulslzuiak ub uml slfels ub bczlsxl uml clfsiak bh uml jmfaklz {mijm mfxl ufdla w`fjl ba uml fsk|nlau bh umfu wfsu bh uml {bsd!

M! Z! N!

Jf`j|uuf, Abxlncls, 6=8<!



xiii

WSLHFJL UB UML HISZU LEIUIBA!

Uml jmilh bcolju bh uml hb``b{iak wfklz iz ub iaeijful zbnl bh uml lfsìlzu ielfz bh nfadiae, fz umly fsl slh`ljule ia Fajilau @f{, fae ub wbiau b|u uml sl`fuiba bh umbzlielfz ub nbelsa umb|kmu! N|jm bh uml iav|isy fuulnwule jb|è abu mfxl clla wsbzlj|ule{ium uml zìkmulzu mbwl bh f |zlh|` slz|ù ih umlsl mfe abu l}izule f cbey bh `f{, ìdl umfubh uml Sbnfaz, clfsiak ia iuz lfsìlzu wbsuibaz uml usfjlz bh uml nbzu slnbul fauiv|iuy,fae z|ww`yiak hsbn iuz `fuls s|`lz uml zufw`l bh uml jixi` iazuiu|uibaz cy {mijm nbelsazbjiluy iz lxla ab{ jbausb``le! Uml aljlzziuy bh ufdiak uml Sbnfa @f{ fz f uywijf`

zyzuln mfz jbnwl``le uml F|umbs ub esf{ hsbn iu {mfu nfy fwwlfs f eizwsbwbsuibafula|ncls bh miz i``|zusfuibaz4 c|u iu mfz abu clla miz iaulauiba ub {siul f uslfuizl ba SbnfaO|sizws|elajl, fae ml mfz fz n|jm fz wbzzic`l fxbiele f`` eizj|zzibaz {mijm nikmu kixlumfu fwwlfsfajl ub miz {bsd! Uml zwfjl f``buule ia uml Umise fae Hb|sum Jmfwulsz ubjlsufia wmi`bzbwmijf` umlbsilz bh uml Sbnfa O|sizjbaz|ùz mfz clla fwwsbwsifule ub umlnhbs u{b slfzbaz! Ia uml hiszu w`fjl, umbzl umlbsilz fwwlfs ub uml F|umbs ub mfxl mfe fn|jm {iels fae nbsl wlsnfalau iah`|lajl ba uml umb|kmu fae fjuiba bh uml {bsè umfaiz |z|f``y z|wwbzle! Zljbae`y, umly fsl clìlxle ub cl uml |ùinful zb|sjl bh nbzu bh umlxil{z {mijm mfxl clla wslxf`lau, ui`` v|iul sljlau`y, ba uml z|coljuz uslfule bh ia umizxb`|nl! Iu {fz inwbzzic`l hbs uml F|umbs ub wsbjlle hfs {ium miz |aelsufdiak, {iumb|uzufuiak miz bwiaiba ba uml bsikia, nlfaiak, fae xf`|l bh umbzl zwlj|`fuibaz!

M! Z! N!

@baeba, Ofa|fsy, 6=86!



6

IAUSBE\JUIBA!

Zis Mlasy Nfial’z ‐Fajilau @f{„ iz ab{ f j`fzzijf` ul}u! Uml bcolju bh umiz leiuiba izub slwsbe|jl iu, fjjbnwfaile cy z|jm ml`w ub sikmu |aelszufaeiak fae wsbhiufc`l |zl fz fyb|akls klalsfuiba nfy slfzbafc`y slv|isl! Nbsl umfa hbsuy ylfsz mfxl wfzzle ziajl uml cbbd {fz hiszu w|cìzmle ia 6=86! E|siak umbzl ylfsz, fae ub f kslfu l}ulau |aels uml

iah`|lajl bh Nfial’z b{a {bsd, slzlfsjm iaub uml lfs`y mizubsy bh `f{z fae iazuiu|uibaz mfz clla nbsl fjuixl, zyzulnfuij, fae hs|iuh|` umfa iu lxls {fz clhbsl! Nfay al{ hfjuz mfxl cllaeizj`bzle4 b|s dab{`lekl bh bumlsz mfz clla hslle hsbn lssbs fae nizjbajlwuiba4 fz nfay, wlsmfwz nbsl, {mijm {lsl hbsnls`y fjjlzzic`l, c|u alk`ljule fz cliak iazikaihijfau bs bh nlsl`y `bjf` iaulslzu, mfxl hb|ae umlis e|l w`fjl fae inwbsufajl ia f {iels hilè bh dab{`lekl! Uml nfulsif`z um|z fjv|isle lafc`l |z ub jbahisn fae z|ww`lnlau Nfial’z {bsd ia nfay wbiauz! Ih umly f`zb zmb{ |z umfu iu jf``z hbs fnlaenlau ia zbnl w`fjlz, ab bal {mbiz fu f`` fjv|fiaule {ium uml wsbkslzzixl jmfsfjuls bh `lkf` fae mizubsijf` `lfsaiak {i`` hiae iaumiz fay jf|zl hbs eizfwwbiaunlau! Uml {baels iz abu umfu Nfial’z slz|ùz, fhuls nbsl umfa fklalsfuiba, zmb|è zufae ia alle bh zbnl jbssljuiba, c|u umfu, ia hfju, umly alle zb ìuu`l fz

umly eb! @fuls zwlj|`fuiba fae slzlfsjm mfxl, ba uml {mb`l, jbahisnle Nfial’z `lfeiak ielfzia uml nbzu zusidiak nfaals, wfsu`y cy fju|f` xlsihijfuiba bh jbazlv|lajlz iaeijfule cy minfz wsbcfc`l, wfsu`y cy al{ l}fnw`lz fae fwwìjfuibaz ia slkibaz {mijm ml mfe abu minzl`h l}w`bsle!

Umlsl iz ab cluuls {iualzz ub uml iausiazij {likmu bh Nfial’z {bsd umfa uml afu|sl bh zbnl jsiuijizn iu mfz nlu {ium, hsbn jbnwlulau wlszbaz ba uml Jbauialau sfumls umfa fumbnl! Zb hfs fz umbzl `lfsale wlszbaz jbnw`fia bh fayumiak, umly nizz umfu zynnlusijf`jbazus|juiba bh f hiaizmle zyzuln ub {mijm umlis usfiaiak mfz fjj|zubnle umln! Ab{ iu iz ub

cl bczlsxle umfu ab {bsez bh Nfial’z b{a lxls kfxl miz slfelsz uml wsbnizl bh f zyzulnfuijebjusial! Abu bal bh miz cbbdz wsbhlzzle ba uml hfjl bh iu ub fjjb|au hbs uml |ùinful bsikia bh m|nfa `f{z, bs ub zluu`l uml sl`fuibaz bh o|sizws|elajl ub lumijz, bs ub jbaalju uml zjilajl bh `f{ {ium fay umlbsy bh wbìuijz bs bh zbjif` elxl`bwnlau! Ylu iu eblz abu zlln ub mfxlbjj|ssle ub uml jsiuijz ia v|lzuiba ub jmfskl Nfial {ium slnizzalzz ia abu mfxiak fuulnwuleumlzl umiakz! Uml eizfwwbiaunlau l}wslzzle {fz umfu ml eie abu h|``y fjjbnwìzm umln, bs umfu, ih ml mfe f zb`|uiba, ml alxls z|hhijilau`y elj`fsle iu! Slkslu umfu Nfial’z {bsd {fz abunbsl bwla`y fnciuib|z iz `lkiuinful, umb|km I eb abu zmfsl iu4 l}wslzziba bh iu nikmu mfxlzikaihile n|jm bs ìuu`l! Iu nikmu mfxl clla umbsb|km`y ziajlsl, fae e|l ub inwlshlju|aelszufaeiak bh uml sl`fuibaz ub uinl, jisj|nzufajlz, fae nfulsif`z, {mijm elulsniale

Nfial’z nfaals bh {bsdiak, fae, fz I clìlxl, elulsniale iu hbs uml clzu! Iu nikmu f`zb mfxl clla, ia uml jsiuij’z iaulauiba, uml lfzy jbnwìnlau bh uml wsbhlzzibaf` fae eizjiwìalezjmb`fs ub f csi`ìfau fnful|s! Xlsy eihhlslau hsbn umiz {fz uml fju|f` jsiuijizn! Iu fzz|nleumfu uml f|umbs mfe wsbxle minzl`h f nfzuls, fae umfu, fjjbseiak`y, uml mikmlzu fae nbzul}fjuiak zufaefse {fz ub cl fwwìle cbum ub miz nlumbe fae ub miz slz|ùz! [mla {l u|sahsbn Efslzul bs Xfaai ub uml bsikiaf` wslhfjl ub ‐Fajilau @f{,„ {l fsl fzubaizmle cy uml



3

zu|eib|z`y nbelzu ulsnz ia {mijm Nfial elhiale miz b{a |aelsufdiak? ‐Uml jmilh bcolju bh uml hb``b{iak wfklz iz ub iaeijful zbnl bh uml lfsìlzu ielfz bh nfadiae fz umly fsl slh`ljuleia fajilau `f{, fae ub wbiau b|u uml sl`fuiba bh umbzl ielfz ub nbelsa umb|kmu!„ Ia ìdlnfaals, ba uml hiszu w|cìjfuiba bh uml `lju|slz ba Xi``fkl Jbnn|aiuilz, ml fwb`bkizle hbs umlis hsfknlaufsy jmfsfjuls, fae ia uml mlikmu bh miz nfu|sl hfnl ml elzjsicle ‐Lfs`y @f{fae J|zubn„ ba`y fz fa laelfxb|s ‐ub jbaalju f wbsuiba bh l}izuiak iazuiu|uibaz {ium f wfsubh uml wsiniuixl bs xlsy fajilau |zfklz bh nfadiae, fae bh uml ielfz fzzbjifule {ium umbzl|zfklz!„ Iu iz {bsum {mi`l ub bczlsxl Nfial’z jf|uiba ia eizj`finiak f|umbsiuy ub `fy eb{a

{mfu fajilau |zfklz, ih fay, fsl slf``y wsiniuixl―f jf|uiba zbnluinlz alk`ljule cy mizhb``b{lsz, fae bhula cy uml jmfnwibaz bh bumls umlbsilz!

Nfial’z eikaihile fae f`nbzu isbaijf` slzlsxl fcb|u miz b{a {bsd mfz jlsufia`y nfeliu sfumls eihhij|ù hbs f zu|elau fwwsbfjmiak iu hbs uml hiszu uinl ub hbsn fay klalsf` abuiba bh {mfu iu mfz slf``y ebal hbs `lkf` fae mizubsijf` zjilajl! Fùmb|km Nfial minzl`h {fz uml `fzu wlszba bh {mbn uml faz{ls ub z|jm f v|lzuiba jb|è cl l}wljule, {l {mb fsl ia ab {fy cb|ae ub sluijlajl n|zu zfy umfu ml eie abumiak `lzz umfa jslful uml afu|sf` mizubsy bh `f{! Mlzmb{le, ba uml bal mfae, umfu `lkf` ielfz fae iazuiu|uibaz mfxl f slf` jb|szl bh elxl`bwnlaufz n|jm fz uml klalsf fae zwljilz bh ìxiak jslfu|slz, fae ia lxlsy zufkl bh umfu elxl`bwnlau

mfxl umlis absnf` jmfsfjulsz4 ba uml bumls mfae, ml nfel iu j`lfs umfu umlzl wsbjlzzlz elzlsxlfae slv|isl eizuiaju zu|ey, fae jfaabu cl uslfule fz nlsl iajielauz ia uml klalsf` mizubsy bh uml zbjiluilz {mlsl umly bjj|s! Umlsl mfxl clla jbnw`fiauz, bhula ubb {l`` o|zuihile, bh umlmizubsijf` ikabsfajl wslxfiìak fnbak `f{ylsz! ‐[bl |aub yb| f`zb, yl `f{ylsz&„ Hsllnfazfie―{mlumls ia wsiau ia umbzl ulsnz, I dab{ abu4 c|u I mfxl mlfse min zfy iu―{mla ml {fzksilxle fu uml hijuibaz fcb|u nleièxf` iazuiu|uibaz umfu zui`` wfzzle j|sslau hbs mizubsy u{lauy.hixl bs umisuy ylfsz fkb! C|u Nfial mfz uf|kmu |z umfu uml {fy ub inwfsu f mizubsijf` mfciu bh niae ub `f{ylsz iz ub zmb{ umln umfu `f{ mfz fa inwbsufau mizubsy bh iuz b{a, abu fu f``jbahiale ub iuz wbìuijf` fae jbazuiu|uibaf` fzwljuz, fae bhhlsz f xfzu hilè hbs uml slk|`fs

fwwìjfuiba bh mizubsijf` fae jbnwfsfuixl nlumbe! [mla bajl f `f{yls mfz ksfzwle umiz, mliz lauiu`le ub wbiau b|u ia u|sa umfu f mizubsifa {mb iz abu jbaulau ub cl f nlsl jmsbaij`ls jfamfse`y eb {iumb|u zbnl |aelszufaeiak bh `lkf` ielfz fae zyzulnz! Fae uml inwbsufajl bh uml`lkf` l`lnlau, zb hfs hsbn einiaizmiak fz {l slusfjl uml ksb{um bh b|s nbelsa iazuiu|uibaziaub f zlni.mizubsij wfzu, sfumls iajslfzlz! Bumlsz mfxl zmb{a umiz clzielz Nfial, c|u abal clhbsl min! Iu iz lfzy ub |aelssful miz bsikiafìuy ab{ umfu miz wbiauz mfxl clla ufdla |w cynfay ulfjmlsz fae cljbnl j|sslau ia uml zjmbb`z! Fay zu|elau {mb mfscb|sz eb|cu fz ub umll}ulau bh Nfial’z jbausic|uibaz ub uml mizubsijf` wmi`bzbwmy bh `f{ nfy eb {l`` ub fzd minzl`h ia {mfu cbbdz, `lkf` bs mizubsijf`, bh lfsìls eful umfa ‐Fajilau @f{,„ ml jb|è mfxlhb|ae felv|ful wlsjlwuiba, bs fay eizuiaju wlsjlwuiba, bh z|jm nfuulsz fz umlzl? Uml

zlauinlau bh slxlslajl lxbdle cy uml nlsl l}izulajl bh `f{ ia lfs`y jbnn|aiuilz4 umllzzlauif` hbsnfìzn bh fsjmfij `f{4 uml wslebniafajl bh s|`lz bh wsbjle|sl bxls s|`lz bh z|czufajl ia lfs`y `lkf` zyzulnz4 uml h|aefnlauf` eihhlslajl clu{lla fajilau fae nbelsaielfz fz ub `lkf` wsbbh4 uml sl`fuixl`y nbelsa jmfsfjuls bh uml iaeixie|f` jiuila’z eizwbziak wb{ls, lzwljif``y cy {i``, fae hsllebn bh jbausfju4 fae uml zui`` nbsl nbelsa fwwlfsfajl bh us|l jsiniaf` `f{! Ab{fefyz iu nfy cl zfie umfu ‐f`` mfxl kbu uml zlle,„ c|u umiz iz ab



:

o|zuihijfuiba hbs hbskluuiak {mb hiszu j`lfsle fae zb{le uml ksb|ae! [l nfy ui`` hilèz umfuuml nfzuls `lhu |aub|jmle, fae bal nfa {i`` csiak f cluuls b} ub ybdl ub uml w`b|km, faefabumls f {bszl4 c|u iu iz uml nfzuls’z w`b|km zui``!

Iu {i`` ab{ cl wsbwls ub jbaziels ia f klalsf` {fy {mfu slzb|sjlz {lsl fxfi`fc`l hbs Nfial’z w|swbzlz {mla ml {sbul ‐Fajilau @f{,„ bs sfumls {mla ml wslwfsle fae elìxlsleuml `lju|slz bh {mijm iu {fz f slxizle w|cìjfuiba -‐Lfs`y @f{ fae J|zubn,„ w! 695)! [lzmf`` cl wsluuy zfhl ia ufdiak `lkf` fae mizubsijf` zjmb`fszmiw fz umly zubbe, hbs fa Lakìzm

zu|elau {mb mfe abu hslv|laule Jbauialauf` zlfuz bh `lfsaiak, fcb|u uml niee`l bh umlaialullaum jlau|sy!

Hiszu, ia Sbnfa `f{ Zfxikay, umla zui`` ìxiak, {fz uml wlszba bh kslfulzu f|umbsiuy4 umlmizubsijf` zjmbb` {mijm ml ubbd f wsiajiwf` wfsu ia hb|aeiak {fz ebniafau ia Klsnfay fae clkiaaiak ub wslxfi` l`zl{mlsl! Zfxikay’z {bsd, fz {l`` fz umfu bh miz jbaulnwbsfsilz faeinnleiful hb``b{lsz, elfù ba`y {ium uml Sbnfa nfulsif`z! Jbnwfsfuixl iaxlzuikfuiba bh fsjmfij `lkf` zyzulnz mfe zjfsjl`y clla |aelsufdla fu f``, jlsufia`y abu ba fay jbazielsfc`lzjf`l, fae umiz nfy wlsmfwz fjjb|au hbs nbsl umfa bal jbaolju|sl bh Zfxikay’z {mijm mfz abu wsbxle ulafc`l! Uml {bsd bh S|eb`h xba Imlsiak, uml jmfsfjuls bh {mbzl klai|z, iaeixie|f`

fz iu {fz, wlsmfwz nbzu alfs`y slzlnc`le Nfial’z ia uml zfnl klalsfuiba, {fz ba`y clkiaaiak! Miz xil{z ba uml lxb`|uiba bh nbelsa hsbn fsjmfij `f{ jbiajiel slnfsdfc`y {iumumbzl bh Nfial ia zlxlsf` wbiauz4 hbs l}fnw`l, ia uml wbziuiba umfu f`` o|sizeijuiba, ih {l jb|èusfjl iu hfs cfjd lab|km, {b|è cl hb|ae ub cl ia iuz bsikia abu jbnw|`zbsy, c|u xb`|aufsy!C|u umlsl jfa cl ab v|lzuiba bh cbssb{iak liumls {fy! Nfial mfe hbsnle miz b{a ielfz clhbsl fay wfsu bh Imlsiak’z kslfu {bsd, ‐Els Klizu elz sønizjmla Sljmulz,„ {fz w|cìzmle4fae Imlsiak {fz alxls ia f wbziuiba ub nfdl n|jm |zl bh Nfial’z {bsd, lxla ih ml mfe umluinl4 hbs, fz I jfnl ub dab{ hsbn minzl`h, ml jb|è abu slfe Lakìzm {ium fay hfjiìuy!

Uml ìulsfu|sl bh Sbnfa `f{ ub cl hb|ae ia b|s b{a `fak|fkl {fz, {ium hl{l}jlwuibaz, fauiv|fule bs jbaulnwuic`l, fae z|jm iajielauf` slhlslajlz ub Sbnfa `f{ fzbjj|ssle ia Lakìzm ul}u.cbbdz {lsl f`nbzu f`{fyz js|el, bhula iafwwsbwsiful bs v|iullssbalb|z! C`fjdzubal mfz zbnl xlsy cfe nizufdlz ia umiz diae! Hbs nfay ylfsz fhuls uml w|cìjfuiba bh ‐Fajilau @f{„ umiz zuful bh umiakz slnfiale |afnlaele! Fu uml wslzlau uinl iuiz xlsy eihhlslau! Ia b|s b{a `fak|fkl N|ismlfe, Wbzul, Es! Nby`l, Es! Sbcy, fae Es!Ksllaiekl mfxl nfel l}jl``lau wsbxiziba bh xfsib|z diaez cbum hbs clkiaalsz fae hbs fexfajle zu|elauz, fae Zbmn’z Iazuiu|ulz fsl fjjlzzic`l ia Ns! @leìl’z zjmb`fs`y usfaz`fuiba!Wsbhlzzbs Kisfse’z ‐Nfa|l` é`énlaufisl el esbiu sbnfia„ -:se le!, 6976) iz, abu{iumzufaeiakiuz nbelzu uiu`l, bal bh uml nbzu `lfsale fae jbnwslmlazixl, fz {l`` fz uml nbzu sljlau,

{bsdz ba uml z|colju! Uml slfels bh ‐Fajilau @f{„ {i`` |aelszufae umfu, fz Nfial {fzjfslh|` ub l}w`fia ia miz hiszu wslhfjl, uml wbsuibaz elfìak {ium Sbnfa `f{ {lsl alxls iaulaele ub ufdl uml w`fjl bh f uslfuizl ba uml z|colju! Ia hfju, umly fzz|nl uml l`lnlaufsydab{`lekl {mijm nfy cl bcufiale hsbn f kbbe leiuiba bh O|zuiaifa’z Iazuiu|ulz! Iu {b|èumlslhbsl cl ie`l ub fuulnwu f elufi`le jbnnlaufsy ba umln hsbn f uljmaijf` wbiau bh xil{{mijm {b|è abu cl fwwsbwsiful4 fae fay slfels {mb umiadz ml jfa |zl Nfial’z {bsd fz f



5

z|czuiu|ul hbs hiszu.mfae fjv|fiaufajl {ium uml ul}uz fae uml clzu jbnnlaufubsz, iazulfe bh fjbnwfaiba fae fie, n|zu eb zb {mb``y fu miz b{a wlsi`! Zui`` `lzz jfa Nfial cl jlaz|sle hbs mfxiak febwule, fu uml uinl, j|sslau xil{z bh uml mikmlzu f|umbsiuilz ia Sbnfa `lkf` mizubsy{mijm mfxl ziajl clla fcfaebale!

Klsnfaij `lkf` fauiv|iuilz mfe clla iaxlzuikfule ub f jbazielsfc`l l}ulau4 c|u umlJbauialauf` zjmb`fsz {mb mfe ebal umiz {lsl zui`` mfse`y f{fsl bh uml {lfùm bs inwbsufajlbh uml nfulsif` f{fiuiak zjilauihij uslfunlau ia Lak`fae! Ba uml bumls mfae, umbzl {mb nfel

umlis slz|ùz dab{a ub Lakìzm slfelsz, Obma Niujml`` Dlnc`l uml hbslnbzu, {lsl abu `lfsaleia uml nbelsa `f{ bh Lak`fae, fae mfe abu uml nlfaz bh jbaaljuiak iuz `fuls bs lxla iuznleièxf` mizubsy {ium uml lfsìlzu nba|nlauz bh Lakìzm iazuiu|uibaz! Um|z ab bal mfe nfelfay zlsib|z fuulnwu ub zihu uml nfzz bh iahbsnfuiba jb``ljule cy Lakìzm wsbhlzzibaf` {siulszfae fauiv|fsilz bh uml zi}ullaum fae zlxlaullaum jlau|silz, {mbzl iae|zusib|z `fcb|s fzz|sle`y elzlsxlz f`` wsfizl, fae {mbzl o|eknlau mfz ia zbnl jfzlz clla slzubsle ub jsleiu{mijm iu mfe abu elzlsxle ub `bzl! [l alle mfse`y zfy umfu Nfial, abu cliak f uljmaijf`fauiv|fsy, eie abu fuulnwu fay z|jm umiak minzl`h! Iaelle, uml {bsd ml fju|f``y eie {fzalleh|` ub eizj`bzl uml sikmu ìalz bh fauiv|fsifa slzlfsjm, fae slzj|l iu hsbn uml zuful bh nlsl ei`luufaul j|sibziuy!

Lakìzm `lkf` mizubsy {fz xlsy inwlshlju`y dab{a, fae {mfu {fz dab{a {fzjbajlf`le |aels m|kl nfzzlz bh jbnwfsfuixl`y nbelsa hbsnfìzn! Umlsl {fz n|jm ub cl`lfsau -fz umlsl zui`` iz) hsbn C`fjdzubal, {mbzl {bsd {fz fenisfc`l ia iuz efy,abu{iumzufaeiak jbazwij|b|z hf|ùz bh nlumbe fae fssfaklnlau nbzu`y abu miz b{a4 c|uC`fjdzubal mfe jlfzle ub cl klalsf``y slfe {ium fuulauiba lxla cy `f{ylsz, fae {fz abu fzfhl k|iel hbs fay wlsibe clhbsl uml umisullaum jlau|sy! [mfulxls {fz clhbsl uml KslfuJmfsuls -fae I fn ufdiak uml lfsìlzu wbzzic`l eful) `fy |aels f j`b|e bh umijd efsdalzz, wilsjle ba`y ia wfsu cy uml csi`ìfau ìkmuz bh Dlnc`l fae Wf`ksfxl! Umlzl hl``, nbslbxls,

jmilh`y ba uml wbìuijf` fae jbazuiu|uibaf` fzwljuz bh uml jbnnba `f{, `lfxiak ia zmfeb{umbzl uljmaijf` fsjmfiznz {mijm {l ab{ dab{ hbs `faenfsdz! Wf`ksfxl, fkfia, {fz bhulal}|clsfau fae hfajih|`, Dlnc`l abu zlèbn sfzm4 fae umlis {bsd -umb|km iuz klalsf` nlsiujfa mfse`y cl l}fkklsfule) iz cy ab nlfaz hsll hsbn wbziuixl nizufdlz, {mijm, jbazielsiakiuz abxlùy fu uml uinl, iz ia ab {fy z|swsiziak! Ia lxlsy csfajm bh uml `f{ zjilauihij bs lxla{l`` {siuula fae ub`lsfc`y fssfakle ul}ucbbdz {lsl sfsl4 ia zbnl umly {lsl {mb``y {fauiak!Jbazuiu|uibaf` `f{ -fae umfu hsbn f wbìuijf` nbsl umfa f `lkf` wbiau bh xil{) {fz uml ba`yelwfsunlau {mijm jb|è cl zfie ub mfxl hb|ae fa felv|ful mizubsifa! Ba uml {mb`l,mizubsijf` dab{`lekl bh Lakìzm `f{ clhbsl uml u{l`hum jlau|sy {fz abu ub cl hb|ae, fae fhuls uml u{l`hum jlau|sy {fz wsluuy n|jm {mfu C`fjdzubal mfe `lhu iu! Ia jbazlv|lajl bh uml

klalsf` iaeihhlslajl ub mizubsijf` zu|ey, clzielz uml slf` eihhij|ùilz umla fuulaeiak iu, `f{ylszfae o|eklz, lxla slf``y `lfsale balz, {lsl jbnnba`y wsbal ub fjjlwu z|wlshijif`l}w`fafuibaz {mijm f ìuu`l nbsl slzlfsjm, abu bh f sljbaeiul diae, {b|è mfxl wsbxle ub cllssbalb|z! Ia wfsuij|`fs umlsl {fz f zusbak ulaelajy ub l}fkklsful Sbnfa iah`|lajl ia umlhbsnfuiba bh Lakìzm iazuiu|uibaz, cy ab nlfaz {iumb|u w`f|zic`l l}j|zl! Wlsmfwz iu {fzdab{`lekl bh Dlnc`l’z {bsd umfu zfxle Nfial hsbn umiz sihl fae efaklsb|z lssbs! J`lfs`y



<

uml Lakìzm nfulsif`z {lsl abu ia f hiu zuful, {mla Nfial {fz {siuiak ‐Fajilau @f{,„ ub cl|zle {ium lhhlju hbs fay w|swbzl bh mizubsijf` klalsfìzfuiba bs jbnwfsizba4 fae ml mfe abjmbijl c|u ub `lfxl umln f`bal hbs uml nbzu wfsu, fae c|iè ba bumls fae fu umfu uinl zfhls ksb|ae!

Fzifuij zyzulnz bh `f{ {lsl nbsl bs `lzz dab{a ub Bsilaufìzuz, c|u ba`y ia zb hfs fzumlis ul}uz {lsl ebj|nlauz bh Fsfcij bs Zfazdsiu ìulsfu|sl! Ba uml bumls mfae, iu {fz umle|uy bh f jbazielsfc`l a|ncls bh Csiuizm nfkizusfulz fae bhhijif`z ia Iaeif ub mfxl zbnl

fjv|fiaufajl {ium zb n|jm bh Miae| fae Nfmbnlufa `f{ fz {fz sljbkaizle fae fwwìle cyuml jixi` jb|suz4 c|u umiz {fz ba`y hbs uml aljlzziuilz bh o|eijif` c|zialzz! Hl{ nla, ih fay,hb``b{le uml zw`laeie l}fnw`l bh Zis [i`ìfn Obalz ia jbnciaiak ìulsfsy {ium wsfjuijf`dab{`lekl, fz iaelle xlsy hl{ jfa fu fay bal uinl slfzbafc`y cl z|wwbzle jfwfc`l bh iu! Fzub uml Nbzfij `f{, iu {fz zui`` uml sljlixle bwiaiba umfu umlsl {fz fa inwfzzfc`l bs fu `lfzu fmikm`y wlsi`b|z k|`h clu{lla zfjsle fae wsbhfal mizubsy! Dab{`lekl bh uml ul}u bh uml BèUlzufnlau, hfs nbsl jbnw`lul fae nbsl klalsf``y eihh|zle ia Lakìzm.zwlfdiak jb|ausilzumfa fay{mlsl l`zl, mfe umlslhbsl wsbe|jle ìuu`l slz|ù hbs zlj|`fs `lfsaiak! Aliumls uml wmi`b`bkijf` abs uml bhhijif` mfaeìak bh Fzifuij `f{.cbbdz jf|zle fay fwwsljifc`l a|ncls bh zjmb`fsz ub wlsjlixl uml inwbsufajl bh Fzifuij j|zubn hbs uml klalsf` zu|ey bh `lkf` ielfz fae

mizubsy! Nfial’z wbiaule slhlslajlz ub Miae| iazuiu|uibaz, fu f uinl clhbsl ml mfe bs l}wljuleub mfxl fayumiak ub eb {ium Iaeif, jb|è mfxl clla nfel ba`y cy f nfa bh v|iull}usfbseiafsy iazikmu! Iu {b|è cl iaulslzuiak ub dab{ hsbn {mfu v|fsuls miz fuulauiba {fzhiszu eisljule umfu {fy!

Iu mfz clla umb|kmu wsbwls ub slwsiau uml ul}u bh ‐Fajilau @f{„ fz `fzu slxizle cyNfial abu ba`y {iumb|u fùlsfuiba, c|u {iumb|u uml iaulss|wuiba bh leiubsif` hbbuabulz! Z|jmjbnnlauz fz I mfxl clla fc`l ub fee {i`` cl hb|ae jb``ljule ia uml Fwwlaei} fu uml lae bh uml cbbd! Fz ‐Fajilau @f{„ ub|jmlz ba f kslfuls xfsiluy bh nfuulsz umfa f`nbzu fay nbelsa

cbbd bh zlsib|z `lfsaiak {mijm iz abu bh fa lajyj`bwèeij afu|sl, I mfxl wlshbsjl bniuulezbnl ubwijz, abu cljf|zl umly nikmu abu mfxl clla jbazielsle {ium wsbhiu cy f wlszbajbnwlulau ia umln, c|u cljf|zl I {fz abu jbnwlulau! Hbs uml zfnl slfzba I jfa cy ab nlfazxb|jm hbs uml fjj|sfjy ia elufi`, fjjbseiak ub uml wslzlau zuful bh dab{`lekl, bh lxlsyumiak Imfxl wfzzle bxls {iumb|u slnfsd! C|u ny l}wlsilajl bh uml wbiauz I fn v|fìhile ub ulzu mfz`le nl ub wslz|nl umfu z|jm lssbsz fz nfy cl eizjbxlsle cy zwljifìzuz {i`` zlèbn cl hb|aeub fhhlju uml klalsf` jb|szl bh uml fsk|nlau! I mfxl w|swbzl`y abu e{lù ba nfuulsz bh l`lnlaufsy iahbsnfuiba {mijm fay zu|elau jfwfc`l bh wsbhiuiak cy Nfial’z {bsd iz lv|f``yjfwfc`l bh xlsihyiak hbs minzl`h {ium ìuu`l usb|c`l! Nfial eie abu {siul, hbs l}fnw`l, hbs slfelsz {mb mfe alxls mlfse bh Mbcclz bs Nbaulzv|il|! Z|jm f afnl fz E| Nbìa’z, ba uml

bumls mfae, nfy {l`` cl zusfakl, abu ba`y ub fa le|jfule Lakìzmnfa -fz umfu bh Csfjuba bs W`b{ela nikmu cl ub fa le|jfule Hslajmnfa), c|u ub fa Lakìzm `f{yls {mb mfz abu nfel fzwljif` zu|ey bh uml Slhbsnfuiba jbausbxlszilz bs uml slxixf` bh j`fzzijf` Sbnfa `f{4 fae iaumiz jfzl iu {b|è cl xl}fuib|z ub w|u bhh z|jm slfelsz {ium f cfsl slhlslajl ub uml Hslajm cibksfwmijf` eijuibafsilz!



8

I mfxl ub umfad uml b{alsz fae uml leiubs bh uml Leiac|skm Slxil{ hbs wlsnizziba ubnfdl hsll |zl bh fa fsuij`l lauiu`le ‐Zis Mlasy Nfial fz f O|sizu,„ jbausic|ule cy nl ia 6=9:!

H!W!

Hbs klalsf` iahbsnfuiba fcb|u Nfial’z ìhl fae {bsdz uml hb``b{iak w|cìjfuibaz nfy

cl jbaz|ùle? ‐Zis Mlasy Nfial? f csilh nlnbis bh miz ìhl,„ cy Zis N! L! Ksfau E|hh, 6=934‐Zis Mlasy Nfial fae miz [bsd,„ ia ‐B}hbse @lju|slz fae bumls eizjb|szlz,„ 6=97, cy uml wslzlau {siuls4 fae uml fsuij`lz ia uml Eijuibafsy bh Afuibaf` Cibksfwmy -6=9:), fae umlZ|ww`lnlau ub uml aiaum leiuiba bh uml Lajyj`bwèeif Csiufaaijf -6973), cy @lzìl-fhuls{fsez Zis @!) Zulwmla fae uml wslzlau {siuls slzwljuixl`y!



;

JMFWULS I! FAJILAU JBELZ!

Uml nbzu jl`lcsfule zyzuln bh o|sizws|elajl dab{a ub uml {bsè clkiaz, fz iu laez,{ium f Jbel! Hsbn uml jbnnlajlnlau ub uml j`bzl bh iuz mizubsy, uml l}wbziubsz bh Sbnfa@f{ jbazizulau`y lnw`byle `fak|fkl {mijm inwìle umfu uml cbey bh umlis zyzuln slzule bauml U{l`xl Eljlnxisf` Ufc`lz, fae umlslhbsl ba f cfziz bh {siuula `f{! L}jlwu ia bal wfsuij|`fs, ab iazuiu|uibaz faulsibs ub uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz {lsl sljbkaizle fu Sbnl! Umlumlbsluijf` elzjlau bh Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl hsbn f jbel, uml umlbsluijf` fzjsiwuiba bh Lakìzm`f{ ub innlnbsif` |a{siuula usfeiuiba, {lsl uml jmilh slfzbaz {my uml elxl`bwnlau bh umlis zyzuln eihhlsle hsbn uml elxl`bwnlau bh b|sz! Aliumls umlbsy jbsslzwbaele l}fju`y {ium umlhfjuz, c|u lfjm wsbe|jle jbazlv|lajlz bh uml |unbzu inwbsufajl!

I alle mfse`y zfy umfu uml w|cìjfuiba bh uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz iz abu uml lfsìlzu wbiau fu{mijm {l jfa ufdl |w uml mizubsy bh `f{! Uml fajilau Sbnfa jbel cl`bakz ub f j`fzz bh {mijm f`nbzu lxlsy jixiìzle afuiba ia uml {bsè jfa zmb{ f zfnw`l, fae {mijm, zb hfs fz umlSbnfa fae Ml``laij {bsèz {lsl jbajlsale, {lsl `fskl`y eihh|zle bxls umln fu lwbjmz abu{iel`y eizufau hsbn bal fabumls! Umly fwwlfsle |aels l}jlleiak`y zini`fs jisj|nzufajlz,fae {lsl wsbe|jle, ub b|s dab{`lekl, cy xlsy zini`fs jf|zlz! \av|lzuibafc`y, nfay o|sf` wmlabnlaf ìl clmiae umlzl jbelz fae wsljlele umln ia wbiau bh uinl! Abu f hl{ebj|nlaufsy sljbsez l}izu {mijm wsbhlzz ub kixl |z iahbsnfuiba jbajlsaiak uml lfs`y

wmlabnlaf bh `f{4 c|u, |aui` wmi`b`bky mfz lhhljule f jbnw`lul faf`yziz bh uml Zfazdsiuìulsfu|sl, b|s clzu zb|sjlz bh dab{`lekl fsl |aeb|cule`y uml Kslld Mbnlsij wblnz,jbazielsle bh jb|szl abu fz f mizubsy bh fju|f` bjj|sslajlz, c|u fz f elzjsiwuiba, abu {mb``yielfìzle, bh f zuful bh zbjiluy dab{a ub uml {siuls! Mb{lxls uml hfajy bh uml wblu nfy mfxll}fkklsfule jlsufia hlfu|slz bh uml mlsbij fkl, uml wsb{lzz bh {fssibsz fae uml wbulajy bh kbez, umlsl iz ab slfzba ub clìlxl umfu iu mfz ufnwlsle {ium nbsf` bs nlufwmyzijf`jbajlwuibaz {mijm {lsl abu ylu uml z|coljuz bh jbazjib|z bczlsxfuiba4 fae ia umiz slzwlju umlMbnlsij ìulsfu|sl iz hfs nbsl us|zu{bsumy umfa umbzl sl`fuixl`y `fuls ebj|nlauz {mijm wslulae ub kixl fa fjjb|au bh uinlz zini`fs`y lfs`y, c|u {mijm {lsl jbnwi`le |aels wmi`bzbwmijf` bs umlb`bkijf` iah`|lajlz! Ih cy fay nlfaz {l jfa elulsnial uml lfs`y hbsnz bh

o|sf` jbajlwuibaz, umly {i`` cl iaxf`|fc`l ub |z! Umlzl s|einlaufsy ielfz fsl ub uml o|sizu{mfu uml wsinfsy js|zuz bh uml lfsum fsl ub uml klb`bkizu! Umly jbaufia, wbulauif``y, f`` umlhbsnz ia {mijm `f{ mfz z|czlv|lau`y l}miciule iuzl`h! Uml mfzul bs uml wslo|eijl {mijm mfzklalsf``y slh|zle umln f`` c|u uml nbzu z|wlshijif` l}fniafuiba, n|zu clfs uml c`fnl bh uml|azfuizhfjubsy jbaeiuiba ia {mijm {l hiae uml zjilajl bh o|sizws|elajl! Uml iav|isilz bh uml o|sizu fsl ia us|um wsbzlj|ule n|jm fz iav|isy ia wmyzijz fae wmyzib`bky {fz wsbzlj|ule



=

clhbsl bczlsxfuiba mfe ufdla uml w`fjl bh fzz|nwuiba! Umlbsilz, w`f|zic`l faejbnwslmlazixl, c|u fczb`|ul`y |axlshilie, z|jm fz uml @f{ bh Afu|sl bs uml Zbjif` Jbnwfju,laoby f |aixlszf` wslhlslajl bxls zbcls slzlfsjm iaub uml wsiniuixl mizubsy bh zbjiluy fae`f{4 fae umly bczj|sl uml us|um abu ba`y cy eixlsuiak fuulauiba hsbn uml ba`y v|fsuls ia {mijmiu jfa cl hb|ae, c|u cy umfu nbzu slf` fae nbzu inwbsufau iah`|lajl {mijm, {mla bajllaulsufiale fae clìlxle ia, umly fsl lafc`le ub l}lsjizl ba uml `fuls zufklz bh o|sizws|elajl!

Uml lfsìlzu abuibaz jbaaljule {ium uml jbajlwuiba, ab{ zb h|``y elxl`bwle, bh f `f{

bs s|`l bh ìhl, fsl umbzl jbaufiale ia uml Mbnlsij {bsez ‐Umlniz„ fae ‐Umlnizulz!„‐Umlniz,„ iu iz {l`` dab{a, fwwlfsz ia uml `fuls Kslld wfaumlba fz uml Kbeelzz bh O|zuijl, c|u umiz iz f nbelsa fae n|jm elxl`bwle ielf, fae iu iz ia f xlsy eihhlslau zlazl umfu Umlniziz elzjsicle ia uml Iìfe fz uml fzzlzzbs bh _l|z! Iu iz ab{ j`lfs`y zlla cy f`` us|zu{bsumybczlsxlsz bh uml wsiniuixl jbaeiuiba bh nfadiae umfu, ia uml iahfajy bh uml sfjl, nla jb|èba`y fjjb|au hbs z|zufiale bs wlsibeijf``y slj|ssiak fjuiba cy z|wwbziak f wlszbaf` fklau!Um|z, uml {iae c`b{iak {fz f wlszba fae bh jb|szl f eixial wlszba4 uml z|a siziak,j|`niafuiak, fae zluuiak {fz f wlszba fae f eixial wlszba4 uml lfsum yilèiak mls iajslfzl{fz f wlszba fae eixial! Fz, umla, ia uml wmyzijf` {bsè, zb ia uml nbsf`! [mla f diakeljiele f eizw|ul cy f zlaulajl, uml o|eknlau {fz fzz|nle ub cl uml slz|ù bh eislju

iazwisfuiba! Uml eixial fklau, z|kklzuiak o|eijif` f{fsez ub diakz bs ub kbez, uml kslfulzu bh diakz, {fz Umlniz! Uml wlj|ìfsiuy bh uml jbajlwuiba iz csb|kmu b|u cy uml |zl bh uml w`|sf`!Umlnizulz, Umlnizlz, uml w`|sf` bh Umlniz, fsl uml f{fsez umlnzl`xlz, eixial`y eijufule ubuml o|ekl! Diakz fsl zwbdla bh fz ih umly mfe f zubsl bh ‐Umlnizulz„ slfey ub mfae hbs |zl4 c|u iu n|zu cl eizuiaju`y |aelszubbe umfu umly fsl abu `f{z, c|u o|eknlauz, bs, ub ufdl umll}fju Ul|ubaij lv|ixf`lau, ‐ebbnz!„ ‐_l|z, bs uml m|nfa diak ba lfsum,„ zfyz Ns! Ksbul, iamiz Mizubsy bh Kslljl, ‐iz abu f `f{.nfdls, c|u f o|ekl!„ Ml iz wsbxiele {ium Umlnizulz, c|u,jbazizulau`y {ium uml clìlh ia umlis lnfafuiba hsbn fcbxl, umly jfaabu cl z|wwbzle ub cljbaaljule cy fay umslfe bh wsiajiw`l4 umly fsl zlwfsful, izb`fule o|eknlauz!

Lxla ia uml Mbnlsij wblnz, {l jfa zll umfu umlzl ielfz fsl usfazilau! Wfsiuilz bh jisj|nzufajl {lsl wsbcfc`y jbnnbals ia uml zinw`l nljmfaizn bh fajilau zbjiluy umfa umlyfsl ab{, fae ia uml z|jjlzziba bh zini`fs jfzlz f{fsez fsl ìdl`y ub hb``b{ fae slzlnc`l lfjmbumls! Mlsl {l mfxl uml klsn bs s|einlau bh f j|zubn, f jbajlwuiba wbzulsibs ub umfu bh Umlnizulz bs o|eknlauz! Mb{lxls zusbak`y {l, {ium b|s nbelsa fzzbjifuibaz, nfy cliajìale ub `fy eb{a ç wsibsi umfu uml abuiba bh f J|zubn n|zu wsljlel umfu bh f o|eijif`zlaulajl, fae umfu f o|eknlau n|zu fhhisn f J|zubn bs w|aizm iuz cslfjm, iu zllnz v|iuljlsufia umfu uml mizubsijf` bsels bh uml ielfz iz umfu ia {mijm I mfxl w`fjle umln! Uml Mbnlsij{bse hbs f j|zubn ia uml lncsyb iz zbnluinlz ‐Umlniz„ ia uml ziak|`fs―nbsl bhula

‐Eidl,„ uml nlfaiak bh {mijm xizic`y h`|ju|fulz clu{lla f ‐o|eknlau„ fae f ‐j|zubn„ bs ‐|zfkl!„ Ξπ¼βσ, f @f{, zb kslfu fae hfnb|z f ulsn ia uml wbìuijf` xbjfc|`fsy bh uml `fuls Kslld zbjiluy, eblz abu bjj|s ia Mbnls!

Uml abuiba bh f eixial fklajy, z|kklzuiak uml Umlnizulz, fae iuzl`h inwlszbafule iaUmlniz, n|zu cl dlwu fwfsu hsbn bumls wsiniuixl clìlhz {ium {mijm f z|wlshijif` iav|isls



9

nikmu jbahb|ae iu! Uml jbajlwuiba bh uml Eliuy eijufuiak fa lauisl jbel bs cbey bh `f{ fz iauml jfzl bh uml Miaebb `f{z bh Nla|, zllnz ub cl`bak ub f sfakl bh ielfz nbsl sljlau faenbsl fexfajle! ‐Umlniz„ fae ‐Umlnizulz„ fsl n|jm `lzz slnbul`y ìadle {ium umfu wlsz|fziba {mijm j`|ak zb `bak fae zb ulafjib|z`y ub uml m|nfa niae, bh f eixial iah`|lajl|aels`yiak fae z|wwbsuiak lxlsy sl`fuiba bh ìhl, lxlsy zbjif` iazuiu|uiba! Ia lfs`y `f{, faefnie uml s|einlauz bh wbìuijf` umb|kmu, zynwubnz bh umiz clìlh nllu |z ba f`` zielz! Fz|wlsafu|sf` wslzielajy iz z|wwbzle ub jbazljsful fae dllw ubklumls f`` uml jfseiafìazuiu|uibaz bh umbzl uinlz, uml Zuful, uml Sfjl, fae uml Hfni`y! Nla, ksb|wle ubklumls ia uml

eihhlslau sl`fuibaz {mijm umbzl iazuiu|uibaz inw`y, fsl cb|ae ub jl`lcsful wlsibeijf``yjbnnba siulz fae ub bhhls jbnnba zfjsihijlz4 fae lxlsy ab{ fae umla uml zfnl e|uy iz lxlanbsl zikaihijfau`y sljbkaizle ia uml w|sihijfuibaz fae l}wifuibaz {mijm umly wlshbsn, fae{mijm fwwlfs iaulaele ub elwsljful w|aizmnlau hbs iaxb`|aufsy bs alk`ljuh|` eizslzwlju!Lxlsycbey fjv|fiaule {ium bseiafsy j`fzzijf` ìulsfu|sl {i`` slnlncls uml zfjsf klauiìjif,{mijm l}lsjizle zb inwbsufau fa iah`|lajl ba uml lfs`y Sbnfa `f{ bh febwuiba fae bh {i``z!Fae ub umiz mb|s uml Miaebb J|zubnfsy @f{, ia {mijm zbnl bh uml nbzu j|sib|z hlfu|slz bh wsiniuixl zbjiluy fsl zulslbuywle, nfdlz f`nbzu f`` uml sikmuz bh wlszbaz fae f`` uml s|`lz bh z|jjlzziba miakl ba uml e|l zb`lnaizfuiba bh hi}le jlslnbailz fu uml elfe nfa’z h|alsf`,umfu iz, fu lxlsy wbiau {mlsl f cslfjm bjj|sz ia uml jbauia|iuy bh uml hfni`y!

Clhbsl {l v|iu umiz zufkl bh o|sizws|elajl, f jf|uiba nfy cl |zlh|``y kixla ub umlLakìzm zu|elau! Claumfn, ia miz ‐Hsfknlau ba Kbxlsanlau,„ fae F|zuia, ia miz ‐Wsbxiajlbh O|sizws|elajl Elulsniale,„ slzb`xl lxlsy `f{ iaub f jbnnfae bh uml `f{kixls, fabcìkfuiba inwbzle umlslcy ba uml jiuila, fae f zfajuiba umslfulale ia uml lxlau bh eizbcleilajl4 fae iu iz h|sumls wsleijfule bh uml jbnnfae, {mijm iz uml hiszu l`lnlau ia f`f{, umfu iu n|zu wslzjsicl, abu f ziak`l fju, c|u f zlsilz bs a|ncls bh fjuz bh uml zfnl j`fzzbs diae! Uml slz|ùz bh umiz zlwfsfuiba bh iaksleilauz uf``y l}fju`y {ium uml hfjuz bh nfu|sl o|sizws|elajl4 fae, cy f ìuu`l zusfiaiak bh `fak|fkl, umly nfy cl nfel ub jbsslzwbae ia hbsn

{ium f`` `f{, bh f`` diaez, fu f`` lwbjmz! Iu iz abu, mb{lxls, fzzlsule umfu uml abuiba bh `f{laulsufiale cy uml klalsfìuy iz lxla ab{ v|iul ia jbahbsniuy {ium umiz eizzljuiba4 fae iu izj|sib|z umfu, uml hfsumls {l wlalusful iaub uml wsiniuixl mizubsy bh umb|kmu, uml hfsumls {l hiaeb|szl`xlz hsbn f jbajlwuiba bh `f{ {mijm fu f`` slzlnc`lz f jbnwb|ae bh uml l`lnlauz{mijm Claumfn elulsniale! Iu iz jlsufia umfu, ia uml iahfajy bh nfadiae, ab zbsu bh `lkiz`fu|sl, abu lxla f eizuiaju f|umbs bh `f{, iz jbaulnw`fule bs jbajlixle bh! @f{ mfzzjfsjl`y slfjmle uml hbbuiak bh j|zubn4 iu iz sfumls f mfciu! Iu iz, ub |zl f Hslajm wmsfzl, ‐iauml fis!„ Uml ba`y f|umbsiufuixl zufulnlau bh sikmu fae {sbak iz f o|eijif` zlaulajl fhuls umlhfjuz, abu bal wslz|wwbziak f `f{ {mijm mfz clla xib`fule, c|u bal {mijm iz cslfumle hbs umlhiszu uinl cy f mikmls wb{ls iaub uml o|ekl’z niae fu uml nbnlau bh feo|eijfuiba! Iu iz bh

jb|szl l}uslnl`y eihhij|ù hbs |z ub slfìzl f xil{ zb hfs slnbxle hsbn |z ia wbiau cbum bh uinl fae bh fzzbjifuiba, c|u iu {i`` cl jbnl nbsl jsleic`l {mla {l e{l`` nbsl fu `lakum bauml jbazuiu|uiba bh fajilau zbjiluy, ia {mijm lxlsy nfa, ìxiak e|siak uml kslfuls wfsu bh mizìhl |aels uml wfusifsjmf` elzwbuizn, {fz wsfjuijf``y jbausb``le ia f`` miz fjuibaz cy f slkinlaabu bh `f{ c|u bh jfwsijl! I nfy fee umfu fa Lakìzmnfa zmb|è cl cluuls fc`l umfa fhbslikals ub fwwsljiful uml mizubsijf` hfju umfu uml ‐Umlnizulz„ wsljlele fay jbajlwuiba bh



67

`f{, cljf|zl, fnie uml nfay iajbazizulau umlbsilz {mijm wslxfi` jbajlsaiak uml jmfsfjuls bh Lakìzm o|sizws|elajl, uml nbzu wbw|`fs, bs fu f`` lxlauz uml bal {mijm nbzu fhhljuz wsfjuijl,iz jlsufia`y f umlbsy {mijm fzz|nlz umfu feo|ekle jfzlz fae wsljlelauz l}izu fauljlelau`y ubs|`lz, wsiajiw`lz, fae eizuiajuibaz! Uml ‐Umlnizulz„ mfxl ubb, iu zmb|è cl slnfsdle, umljmfsfjulsizuij {mijm, ia uml xil{ bh Claumfn fae F|zuia, eizuiak|izmlz ziak`l bs nlsljbnnfaez hsbn `f{z! F us|l `f{ laobiaz ba f`` uml jiuilaz iaeihhlslau`y f a|ncls bh fjuzzini`fs ia j`fzz bs diae4 fae umiz iz l}fju`y uml hlfu|sl bh f `f{ {mijm mfz nbzu ellw`yinwslzzle iuzl`h ba uml wbw|`fs niae, jf|ziak uml ulsn ‐`f{„ ub cl fwwìle ub nlsl

|aihbsniuilz, z|jjlzzibaz, fae ziniìu|elz! F jbnnfae wslzjsiclz ba`y f ziak`l fju, fae iu izub jbnnfaez, umlslhbsl, umfu ‐Umlnizulz„ fsl nbsl fdia umfa ub `f{z! Umly fsl zinw`yfeo|eijfuibaz ba iaz|`fule zufulz bh hfju, fae eb abu aljlzzfsi`y hb``b{ lfjm bumls ia faybsels`y zlv|lajl!

Uml ìulsfu|sl bh uml mlsbij fkl eizj`bzlz ub |z `f{ ia uml klsn |aels uml ‐Umlnizulz„fae f ìuu`l nbsl elxl`bwle ia uml jbajlwuiba bh ‐Eidl!„ Uml al}u zufkl {mijm {l slfjm iauml mizubsy bh o|siz ws|elajl iz zusbak`y nfsdle fae z|ssb|aele cy uml |unbzu iaulslzu! Ns!Ksbul, ia uml zljbae wfsu fae aiaum jmfwuls bh miz Mizubsy, mfz h|``y elzjsicle uml nbel ia{mijm zbjiluy ksfe|f``y j`bumle iuzl`h {ium f eihhlslau jmfsfjuls hsbn umfu elìalfule cy

Mbnls! Mlsbij diakzmiw elwlaele wfsu`y ba eixial`y kixla wslsbkfuixl, fae wfsu`y ba uml wbzzlzziba bh z|wlslnialau zuslakum, jb|sfkl, fae {izebn! Ksfe|f``y, fz uml inwslzziba bh uml nbafsjm’z zfjslealzz cljfnl {lfdlale, fae hllc`l nlnclsz bjj|ssle ia uml zlsilz bh mlsleiufsy diakz, uml sbyf` wb{ls eljfyle, fae fu `fzu kfxl {fy ub uml ebniaiba bh fsizubjsfjilz! Ih `fak|fkl zb wsljizl jfa cl |zle bh uml slxb`|uiba, {l nikmu zfy umfu umlbhhijl bh uml diak {fz |z|swle cy umfu jb|aji` bh jmilhz {mijm Mbnls slwlfule`y f``|elz ubfae elwijuz! Fu f`` lxlauz hsbn fa lwbjm bh diak`y s|`l {l jbnl lxlsy{mlsl ia L|sbwl ub falsf bh bìkfsjmilz4 fae lxla {mlsl uml afnl bh uml nbafsjmijf` h|ajuibaz eblz abufczb`|ul`y eizfwwlfs, uml f|umbsiuy bh uml diak iz sle|jle ub f nlsl zmfeb{! Ml cljbnlz f

nlsl mlsleiufsy klalsf`, fz ia @fjleènba, f nlsl h|ajuibafsy, fz uml Diak Fsjmba fuFumlaz, bs f nlsl hbsnf` milsbwmfau, ìdl uml Sl} Zfjsihij|`|z fu Sbnl! Ia Kslljl, Iuf`y, faeFzif Niabs, uml ebniafau bselsz zlln ub mfxl |aixlszf``y jbazizule bh f a|ncls bh hfniìlz|aiule cy fa fzz|nle sl`fuibazmiw ia c`bbe, fae, umb|km umly f`` fwwlfs fu hiszu ub mfxl `fiej`fin ub f v|fzi.zfjsle jmfsfjuls, umlis zuslakum eblz abu zlln ub mfxl slziele ia umlis wslulaele zfajuiuy! \a`lzz umly {lsl wslnfu|sl`y bxlsumsb{a cy uml wbw|`fs wfsuy, umly f``|ùinful`y fwwsbfjmle xlsy j`bzl`y ub {mfu {l zmb|è ab{ |aelszufae cy f wbìuijf`fsizubjsfjy! Uml jmfaklz {mijm zbjiluy |aels{lau ia uml jbnn|aiuilz bh uml h|sumls Fzifbjj|ssle bh jb|szl fu wlsibez `bak faulsibs ia wbiau bh uinl ub umlzl slxb`|uibaz bh uml Iufìfafae Ml``laij {bsèz4 c|u umlis sl`fuixl w`fjl ia jixiìzfuiba fwwlfsz ub mfxl clla uml zfnl,

fae umly zlln ub mfxl clla l}jlleiak`y zini`fs ia klalsf` jmfsfjuls! Umlsl iz zbnl lxielajlumfu uml sfjlz {mijm {lsl z|czlv|lau`y |aiule |aels uml Wlszifa nbafsjmy, fae umbzl {mijm wlbw`le uml wlaiaz|`f bh Iaeif, mfe f`` umlis mlsbij fkl fae umlis lsf bh fsizubjsfjilz4 c|u fniìufsy fae f slìkib|z bìkfsjmy fwwlfs ub mfxl ksb{a |w zlwfsful`y, abs {fz uml f|umbsiuybh uml diak klalsf``y z|wlszlele! Jbausfsy, ubb, ub uml jb|szl bh lxlauz ia uml [lzu, umlslìkib|z l`lnlau ia uml Lfzu ulaele ub klu uml cluuls bh uml niìufsy fae wbìuijf`! Niìufsy



66

fae jixi` fsizubjsfjilz eizfwwlfs, faaimi`fule bs js|zmle iaub iazikaihijfajl clu{lla umldiakz fae uml zfjlsebuf` bsels4 fae uml |ùinful slz|ù fu {mijm {l fssixl iz, f nbafsjmlaobyiak kslfu wb{ls, c|u jisj|nzjsicle cy uml wsixi`lklz bh f jfzul bh wsilzuz! [ium umlzleihhlslajlz, mb{lxls, umfu ia uml Lfzu fsizubjsfjilz cljfnl slìkib|z, ia uml [lzu jixi` bs wbìuijf`, uml wsbwbziuiba umfu f mizubsijf` lsf bh fsizubjsfjilz z|jjllele f mizubsijf` lsf bh mlsbij diakz nfy cl jbazielsle fz us|l, ih abu bh f`` nfadiae, fu f`` lxlauz bh f`` csfajmlz bh uml Iaeb.L|sbwlfa hfni`y bh afuibaz!

Uml inwbsufau wbiau hbs uml o|sizu iz umfu umlzl fsizubjsfjilz {lsl |aixlszf``y umlelwbziufsilz fae feniaizusfubsz bh `f{! Umly zlln ub mfxl z|jjllele ub uml wslsbkfuixlz bh uml diak, {ium uml inwbsufau eihhlslajl, mb{lxls, umfu umly eb abu fwwlfs ub mfxl wslulaeleub eislju iazwisfuiba hbs lfjm zlaulajl! Uml jbaaljuiba bh ielfz {mijm jf|zle uml o|eknlauzbh uml wfusifsjmf` jmilhufia ub cl fuusic|ule ub z|wlsm|nfa eijufuiba zui`` zmb{z iuzl`h mlsl faeumlsl ia uml j`fin bh f eixial bsikia hbs uml lauisl cbey bh s|`lz, bs hbs jlsufia wfsuz bh iu, c|uuml wsbkslzz bh umb|kmu ab `bakls wlsniuz uml zb`|uiba bh wfsuij|`fs eizw|ulz ub cl l}w`fiale cy z|wwbziak fa l}usf.m|nfa iaulswbziuiba! [mfu uml o|sizuijf` bìkfsjmy ab{ j`finz iz ubnbabwbìzl uml dab{`lekl bh uml `f{z, ub mfxl uml l}j`|zixl wbzzlzziba bh uml wsiajiw`lz cy{mijm v|fssl`z fsl eljiele! [l mfxl iahfju fssixle fu uml lwbjm bh J|zubnfsy @f{! J|zubnz

bs Bczlsxfajlz ab{ l}izu fz f z|czufauixl fkkslkful, fae fsl fzz|nle ub cl wsljizl`y dab{aub uml fsizubjsfuij bsels bs jfzul! B|s f|umbsiuilz `lfxl |z ab eb|cu umfu uml us|zu `bekle {iumuml bìkfsjmy {fz zbnluinlz fc|zle, c|u iu jlsufia`y b|kmu abu ub cl slkfsele fz f nlsl|z|swfuiba bs lakial bh uysfaay! Clhbsl uml iaxlauiba bh {siuiak, fae e|siak uml iahfajy bh uml fsu, fa fsizubjsfjy iaxlzule {ium o|eijif` wsixi`lklz hbsnle uml ba`y l}wleilau cy {mijmfjj|sful wslzlsxfuiba bh uml j|zubnz bh uml sfjl bs usicl jb|è cl fu f`` fwwsb}infule ub!Umlis kla|ialalzz {fz, zb hfs fz wbzzic`l, iaz|sle cy jbahieiak umln ub uml sljb``ljuiba bh fìniule wbsuiba bh uml jbnn|aiuy!

Uml lwbjm bh J|zubnfsy @f{, fae bh iuz j|zubey cy f wsixi`lkle bsels, iz f xlsyslnfsdfc`l bal! Uml jbaeiuiba bh o|sizws|elajl {mijm iu inwìlz mfz `lhu usfjlz {mijm nfyzui`` cl eluljule ia `lkf` fae wbw|`fs wmsfzlb`bky! Uml `f{, um|z dab{a l}j`|zixl`y ub f wsixi`lkle niabsiuy, {mlumls f jfzul, fa fsizubjsfjy, f wsilzu`y usicl, bs f zfjlsebuf` jb``lkl,iz us|l |a{siuula `f{! L}jlwu umiz, umlsl iz ab z|jm umiak fz |a{siuula `f{ ia uml {bsè!Lakìzm jfzl.`f{ iz zbnluinlz zwbdla bh fz |a{siuula, fae umlsl fsl zbnl Lakìzm umlbsizuz{mb fzz|sl |z umfu ih f jbel bh Lakìzm o|sizws|elajl {lsl wslwfsle, {l zmb|è cl u|saiak|a{siuula `f{ iaub {siuula―f jbaxlsziba, fz umly iazizu, ih abu bh eb|cuh|` wbìjy, fu f``lxlauz bh uml kslfulzu zlsib|zalzz! Ab{, iu iz v|iul us|l umfu umlsl {fz bajl f wlsibe fu {mijmuml Lakìzm jbnnba `f{ nikmu slfzbafc`y mfxl clla ulsnle |a{siuula! Uml lèls Lakìzm

o|eklz eie slf``y wslulae ub dab{`lekl bh s|`lz, wsiajiw`lz, fae eizuiajuibaz {mijm {lsl abulauisl`y slxlf`le ub uml cfs fae ub uml `fy.w|cìj! [mlumls f`` uml `f{ {mijm umly j`finle ubnbabwbìzl {fz slf``y |a{siuula iz l}jlleiak`y v|lzuibafc`l4 c|u fu f`` lxlauz, ba umlfzz|nwuiba umfu umlsl {fz bajl f `fskl nfzz bh jixi` fae jsiniaf` s|`lz dab{a l}j`|zixl`y ubuml o|eklz, iu wslzlau`y jlfzle ub cl |a{siuula `f{! Fz zbba fz uml Jb|suz fu [lzuniazuls Mf`` clkfa ub cfzl umlis o|eknlauz ba jfzlz sljbsele, {mlumls ia uml ylfs cbbdz bs



63

l`zl{mlsl, uml `f{ {mijm umly feniaizulsle cljfnl {siuula `f{! Fu uml wslzlau nbnlau fs|`l bh Lakìzm `f{ mfz hiszu ub cl eizlaufak`le hsbn uml sljbsele hfjuz bh feo|ekle wsiaule wsljlelauz, umla umsb{a iaub f hbsn bh {bsez, xfsyiak {ium uml ufzul, wsljiziba, faedab{`lekl bh uml wfsuij|`fs o|ekl, fae umla fwwìle ub uml jisj|nzufajlz bh uml jfzl hbs feo|eijfuiba! C|u fu ab zufkl bh umiz wsbjlzz mfz iu fay jmfsfjulsizuij {mijm eizuiak|izmlz iuhsbn {siuula `f{! Iu iz {siuula jfzl.`f{, fae ba`y eihhlslau hsbn jbel.`f{ cljf|zl iu iz{siuula ia f eihhlslau {fy!

Hsbn uml wlsibe bh J|zubnfsy @f{ {l jbnl ub fabumls zmfsw`y elhiale lwbjm ia umlmizubsy bh o|sizws|elajl! [l fssixl fu uml lsf bh Jbelz, umbzl fajilau jbelz bh {mijm umlU{l`xl Ufc`lz bh Sbnl {lsl uml nbzu hfnb|z zwljinla! Ia Kslljl, ia Iuf`y, ba umlMl``laizle zlf.cbfse bh [lzulsa Fzif, umlzl jbelz f`` nfel umlis fwwlfsfajl fu wlsibezn|jm uml zfnl lxlsy{mlsl, abu, I nlfa, fu wlsibez ielauijf` ia wbiau bh uinl, c|u zini`fs ia wbiau bh uml sl`fuixl wsbkslzz bh lfjm jbnn|aiuy! Lxlsy{mlsl, ia uml jb|ausilz I mfxlafnle, `f{z laksfxla ba ufc`luz fae w|cìzmle ub uml wlbw`l ufdl uml w`fjl bh |zfklzelwbziule {ium uml sljb``ljuiba bh f wsixi`lkle bìkfsjmy! Iu n|zu abu hbs f nbnlau clz|wwbzle umfu uml slhiale jbazielsfuibaz ab{ |skle ia hfxb|s bh {mfu iz jf``le jbeihijfuibamfe fay wfsu bs w`fjl ia uml jmfakl I mfxl elzjsicle! Uml fajilau jbelz {lsl eb|cu`lzz

bsikiaf``y z|kklzule cy uml eizjbxlsy fae eihh|ziba bh uml fsu bh {siuiak! Iu iz us|l umfu umlfsizubjsfjilz zlln ub mfxl fc|zle umlis nbabwb`y bh `lkf` dab{`lekl4 fae fu f`` lxlauz umlis l}j`|zixl wbzzlzziba bh uml `f{ {fz f hbsniefc`l inwleinlau ub uml z|jjlzz bh umbzl wbw|`fs nbxlnlauz {mijm clkfa ub cl |aixlszf` ia uml {lzulsa {bsè! C|u, umb|km elnbjsfuijzlauinlau nfy mfxl feele ub umlis wbw|`fsiuy, uml jbelz {lsl jlsufia`y ia uml nfia f eisljuslz|ù bh uml iaxlauiba bh {siuiak! Iazjsicle ufc`luz {lsl zlla ub cl f cluuls elwbziufsy bh `f{,fae f cluuls zlj|siuy hbs iuz fjj|sful wslzlsxfuiba, umfa uml nlnbsy bh f a|ncls bh wlszbazmb{lxls zuslakumlale cy mfciu|f` l}lsjizl!

Uml Sbnfa jbel cl`bakz ub uml j`fzz bh jbelz I mfxl clla elzjsiciak! Umlis xf`|l eieabu jbazizu ia fay fwwsbfjm ub zynnlusijf` j`fzzihijfuibaz, bs ub ulszlalzz fae j`lfsalzz bh l}wslzziba, c|u ia umlis w|cìjiuy, fae ia uml dab{`lekl {mijm umly h|saizmle ub lxlsycbey,fz ub {mfu ml {fz ub eb, fae {mfu abu ub eb! Iu iz iaelle us|l umfu uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz bh Sbnleb l}miciu zbnl usfjlz bh zyzulnfuij fssfaklnlau, c|u umiz iz wsbcfc`y l}w`fiale cy umlusfeiuiba umfu uml hsfnlsz bh umfu cbey bh `f{ jf``le ia uml fzzizufajl bh Kslldz {mb laobyleuml `fuls Kslld l}wlsilajl ia uml fsu bh `f{.nfdiak! Uml hsfknlauz bh uml Fuuij Jbel bh Zb`ba zmb{, mb{lxls, umfu iu mfe c|u ìuu`l bsels, fae wsbcfc`y uml `f{z bh Esfjb mfe lxla`lzz! V|iul lab|km ubb slnfiaz bh umlzl jb``ljuibaz, cbum ia uml Lfzu fae ia uml [lzu, ub zmb{umfu umly niak`le |w slìkib|z jixi`, fae nlsl`y nbsf` bseiafajlz, {iumb|u fay slkfse ub

eihhlslajlz ia umlis lzzlauif` jmfsfjuls4 fae umiz iz jbazizulau {ium f`` {l dab{ bh lfs`yumb|kmu hsbn bumls zb|sjlz, uml zlxlsfajl bh `f{ hsbn nbsfìuy, fae bh slìkiba hsbn `f{, cl`bakiak xlsy eizuiaju`y ub uml `fuls zufklz bh nlauf` wsbkslzz!

C|u, {mfulxls ub f nbelsa lyl fsl uml ziak|`fsiuilz bh umlzl Jbelz, umlis inwbsufajl ubfajilau zbjiluilz {fz |azwlfdfc`l! Uml v|lzuiba―fae iu {fz bal {mijm fhhljule uml {mb`l



6:

h|u|sl bh lfjm jbnn|aiuy―{fz abu zb n|jm {mlumls umlsl zmb|è cl f jbel fu f``, hbs umlnfobsiuy bh fajilau zbjiluilz zlln ub mfxl bcufiale umln zbbals bs `fuls, fae, c|u hbs umlkslfu iaulss|wuiba ia uml mizubsy bh o|sizws|elajl jslfule cy hl|efìzn, iu iz ìdl`y umfu f``nbelsa `f{ {b|è cl eizuiaju`y usfjlfc`l ub bal bs nbsl bh umbzl hb|aufia.mlfez! C|u uml wbiau ba {mijm u|sale uml mizubsy bh uml sfjl {fz, fu {mfu wlsibe, fu {mfu zufkl bh umlis zbjif` wsbkslzz, umly zmb|è mfxl umlis `f{z w|u iaub {siuiak! Ia uml {lzulsa {bsè uml w`lclifa bs wbw|`fs l`lnlau ia lfjm Zuful z|jjlzzh|``y fzzfi`le uml bìkfsjmijf` nbabwb`y, fae f jbel{fz alfs`y |aixlszf``y bcufiale lfs`y ia uml mizubsy bh uml Jbnnba{lfùm! C|u, ia uml Lfzu,

fz I mfxl clhbsl nlauibale, uml s|ìak fsizubjsfjilz ulaele ub cljbnl slìkib|z sfumls umfaniìufsy bs wbìuijf`, fae kfiale, umlslhbsl, sfumls umfa `bzu ia wb{ls4 {mi`l ia zbnl iazufajlzuml wmyzijf` jbahbsnfuiba bh Fzifuij jb|ausilz mfe uml lhhlju bh nfdiak iaeixie|f`jbnn|aiuilz `fskls fae nbsl a|nlsb|z umfa ia uml [lzu4 fae iu iz f dab{a zbjif` `f{ umfuuml `fskls uml zwfjl bxls {mijm f wfsuij|`fs zlu bh iazuiu|uibaz iz eihh|zle, uml kslfuls iz iuzulafjiuy fae xiufìuy! Hsbn {mfulxls jf|zl, uml jbelz bcufiale cy Lfzulsa zbjiluilz {lslbcufiale, sl`fuixl`y, n|jm `fuls umfa cy [lzulsa, fae {bsl f xlsy eihhlslau jmfsfjuls! Umlslìkib|z bìkfsjmilz bh Fzif, liumls hbs umlis b{a k|iefajl, bs hbs uml slìlh bh umlis nlnbsy,bs hbs uml iazus|juiba bh umlis eizjiw`lz, zlln ia f`` jfzlz ub mfxl |ùinful`y lncbeile umlis `lkf` `lfsaiak ia f jbel4 c|u uml bwwbsu|aiuy bh iajslfziak fae jbazbìefuiak umlis iah`|lajl

{fz wsbcfc`y ubb ulnwuiak ub cl slzizule! Umlis jbnw`lul nbabwb`y bh `lkf` dab{`leklfwwlfsz ub mfxl lafc`le umln ub w|u bhh ba uml {bsè jb``ljuibaz, abu zb n|jm bh uml s|`lzfju|f``y bczlsxle fz bh uml s|`lz {mijm uml wsilzu`y bsels jbazielsle wsbwls ub cl bczlsxle!Uml Miaebb Jbel, jf``le uml @f{z bh Nla|, {mijm iz jlsufia`y f Csfmnia jbnwi`fuiba,|aeb|cule`y lazmsialz nfay kla|ial bczlsxfajlz bh uml Miaebb sfjl, c|u uml bwiaiba bh uml clzu jbaulnwbsfsy bsilaufìzuz iz, umfu iu eblz abu fz f {mb`l, slwslzlau f zlu bh s|`lz lxls fju|f``y feniaizulsle ia Miaebzufa! Iu iz, ia kslfu wfsu, fa ielf` wiju|sl bh umfu {mijm, ia umlxil{ bh uml Csfmniaz, b|kmu ub cl uml `f{! Iu iz jbazizulau {ium m|nfa afu|sl fae {ium umlzwljif` nbuixlz bh umlis f|umbsz, umfu jbelz ìdl umfu bh Nla| zmb|è wslulae ub uml mikmlzu

fauiv|iuy fae j`fin ub mfxl lnfafule ia umlis jbnw`lul hbsn hsbn uml Eliuy.Nla|,fjjbseiak ub Miaebb nyumb`bky, iz fa lnfafuiba hsbn uml z|wslnl Kbe4 c|u uml jbnwi`fuiba{mijm clfsz miz afnl, umb|km iuz l}fju eful iz abu lfzi`y eizjbxlsle, iz, ia wbiau bh umlsl`fuixl wsbkslzz bh Miaebb o|sizws|elajl, f sljlau wsbe|juiba!

Fnbak uml jmilh fexfaufklz {mijm uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz fae zini`fs jbelz jbahlssle bauml zbjiluilz {mijm bcufiale umln, {fz uml wsbuljuiba {mijm umly fhhbsele fkfiazu uml hsf|ezbh uml wsixi`lkle bìkfsjmy fae f`zb fkfiazu uml zwbaufalb|z elwsfxfuiba fae elcfzlnlau bh uml afuibaf` iazuiu|uibaz! Uml Sbnfa Jbel {fz nlsl`y fa la|ajifuiba ia {bsez bh umll}izuiak j|zubnz bh uml Sbnfa wlbw`l! Sl`fuixl`y ub uml wsbkslzz bh uml Sbnfaz ia

jixiìfuiba, iu {fz f slnfsdfc`y lfs`y jbel, fae iu {fz w|cìzmle fu f uinl {mla Sbnfazbjiluy mfe cfsl`y lnlskle hsbn umfu iaul``lju|f` jbaeiuiba ia {mijm jixi` bcìkfuiba faeslìkib|z e|uy fsl ialxiufc`y jbahb|aele! Ab{ f cfscfsb|z zbjiluy wsfjuiziak f cbey bh j|zubnz, iz l}wbzle ub zbnl lzwljif` efaklsz {mijm nfy cl fczb`|ul`y hfuf` ub iuz wsbkslzzia jixiìzfuiba! Uml |zfklz {mijm f wfsuij|`fs jbnn|aiuy iz hb|ae ub mfxl febwule ia iuziahfajy fae ia iuz wsiniuixl zlfuz fsl klalsf``y umbzl {mijm fsl ba uml {mb`l clzu z|iule ub



65

wsbnbul iuz wmyzijf` fae nbsf` {l``.cliak4 fae, ih umly fsl slufiale ia umlis iaulksiuy |auiàl{ zbjif` {fauz mfxl uf|kmu al{ wsfjuijlz, uml |w{fse nfsjm bh zbjiluy iz f`nbzu jlsufia!C|u |amfwwi`y umlsl iz f `f{ bh elxl`bwnlau {mijm lxls umslfulaz ub bwlsful |wba |a{siuula|zfkl! Uml j|zubnz fsl bh jb|szl bclyle cy n|ùiu|elz {mb fsl iajfwfc`l bh |aelszufaeiakuml us|l ksb|ae bh umlis l}wleilajy, fae {mb fsl umlslhbsl `lhu ialxiufc`y ub iaxlauz|wlszuiuib|z slfzbaz hbs umlis wlsnfalajl! F wsbjlzz umla jbnnlajlz {mijm nfy cl zmbsu`yelzjsicle cy zfyiak umfu |zfkl {mijm iz slfzbafc`l klalsfulz |zfkl {mijm iz |aslfzbafc`l!Faf`bky, uml nbzu xf`|fc`l bh iazus|nlauz ia uml nfu|siuy bh o|sizws|elajl, iz uml nbzu

efaklsb|z bh zafslz ia iuz iahfajy! Wsbmiciuibaz fae bseiafajlz, bsikiaf``y jbahiale, hbs kbbeslfzbaz, ub f zinw`l elzjsiwuiba bh fjuz, fsl nfel ub fww`y ub f`` fjuz bh uml zfnl j`fzz, cljf|zl f nfa nlafjle {ium uml fakls bh uml kbez hbs ebiak bal umiak, hll`z f afu|sf` ulssbs ia ebiak fay bumls umiak {mijm iz slnbul`y ìdl iu! Fhuls bal diae bh hbbe mfz cllaiaulseijule hbs zfaiufsy slfzbaz, uml wsbmiciuiba iz l}ulaele ub f`` hbbe slzlncìak iu, umb|kmuml slzlnc`fajl bjjfzibaf``y elwlaez ba faf`bkilz uml nbzu hfajih|`! Zb, fkfia, f {izl wsbxiziba hbs iaz|siak klalsf` j`lfaìalzz eijufulz ia uinl `bak sb|uialz bh jlslnbaif`fc`|uiba4 fae umfu eixiziba iaub j`fzzlz {mijm fu f wfsuij|`fs jsiziz bh zbjif` miz ubsy izaljlzzfsy hbs uml nfiaulafajl bh uml afuibaf` l}izulajl elklalsfulz iaub uml nbzu eizfzusb|zfae cìkmuiak bh f`` m|nfa iazuiu|uibaz―Jfzul! Uml hful bh uml Miaebb `f{ iz, ia hfju, uml

nlfz|sl bh uml xf`|l bh uml Sbnfa Jbel! Lumab`bky zmb{z |z umfu uml Sbnfaz fae umlMiaebbz zwsfak hsbn uml zfnl bsikiaf` zubjd, fae umlsl iz iaelle f zusidiak slzlnc`fajl clu{lla {mfu fwwlfs ub mfxl clla umlis bsikiaf` j|zubnz! Lxla ab{, Miaebb o|sizws|elajlmfz f z|czusfu|n bh hbslumb|kmu fae zb|ae o|eknlau, c|u issfuibaf` iniufuiba mfz laksfhule iaiu fa innlazl fwwfsfu|z bh js|l` fcz|seiuilz! Hsbn umlzl jbss|wuibaz uml Sbnfaz {lsl wsbuljule cy umlis jbel! Iu {fz jbnwi`le {mi`l |zfkl {fz zui`` {mb`lzbnl, fae f m|aesleylfsz fhuls{fsez iu nikmu mfxl clla ubb `ful! Uml Miaebb `f{ mfz clla ub f kslfu l}ulaulncbeile ia {siuiak, c|u fajilau fz ia bal zlazl fsl uml jbnwlaeif {mijm zui`` l}izu iaZfazdsiu, umly jbaufia fnw`l lxielajl umfu umly {lsl esf{a |w fhuls uml nizjmilh mfe clla

ebal! [l fsl abu bh jb|szl lauiu`le ub zfy umfu ih uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz mfe abu clla w|cìzmleuml Sbnfaz {b|è mfxl clla jbaelnale ub f jixiìzfuiba fz hllc`l fae wlsxlsule fz umfu bh uml Miaebbz, c|u um|z n|jm fu `lfzu iz jlsufia, umfu {ium umlis jbel umly {lsl l}lnwu hsbn umlxlsy jmfajl bh zb |amfwwy f elzuiay!



6<

JMFWULS II! @LKF@ HIJUIBAZ![mla wsiniuixl `f{ mfz bajl clla lncbeile ia f Jbel, umlsl iz fa lae ub {mfu nfy

cl jf``le iuz zwbaufalb|z elxl`bwnlau! Mlajlhbs{fse uml jmfaklz lhhljule ia iu, ih lhhljulefu f``, fsl lhhljule elìclsful`y fae hsbn {iumb|u! Iu iz inwbzzic`l ub z|wwbzl umfu uml j|zubnzbh fay sfjl bs usicl slnfiale |afùlsle e|siak uml {mb`l bh uml `bak―ia zbnl iazufajlz umlinnlazl―iaulsxf` clu{lla umlis elj`fsfuiba cy f wfusifsjmf` nbafsjm fae umlis w|cìjfuibaia {siuiak! Iu {b|è cl |azfhl ubb ub fhhisn umfu ab wfsu bh uml fùlsfuiba {fz lhhljuleelìclsful`y! C|u hsbn uml ìuu`l {l dab{ bh uml wsbkslzz bh `f{ e|siak umiz wlsibe, {l fsl o|zuihile ia fzz|niak umfu zlu w|swbzl mfe uml xlsy znf``lzu zmfsl ia wsbe|jiak jmfakl! Z|jm

iaabxfuibaz ba uml lfsìlzu |zfklz fz eizj`bzl umlnzl`xlz fwwlfs ub mfxl clla eijufule cyhllìakz fae nbelz bh umb|kmu {mijm, |aels b|s wslzlau nlauf` jbaeiuibaz, {l fsl |afc`l ubjbnwslmlae! F al{ lsf clkiaz, mb{lxls, {ium uml Jbelz! [mlslxls, fhuls umiz lwbjm, {lusfjl uml jb|szl bh `lkf` nbeihijfuiba {l fsl fc`l ub fuusic|ul iu ub uml jbazjib|z elzisl bh inwsbxlnlau, bs fu f`` lxlauz bh jbnwfzziak bcoljuz bumls umfa umbzl {mijm {lsl finle fu iauml wsiniuixl uinlz!

Iu nfy zlln fu hiszu zikmu umfu ab klalsf` wsbwbziuibaz {bsum us|zuiak jfa cl lìjiulehsbn uml mizubsy bh `lkf` zyzulnz z|czlv|lau ub uml jbelz! Uml hilè iz ubb xfzu! [l jfaabu

cl z|sl umfu {l mfxl iaj`|ele f z|hhijilau a|ncls bh wmlabnlaf ia b|s bczlsxfuibaz, bs umfu{l fjj|sful`y |aelszufae umbzl {mijm {l mfxl bczlsxle! C|u uml |aelsufdiak {i`` cl zlla ub cl nbsl hlfzic`l, ih {l jbaziels umfu fhuls uml lwbjm bh jbelz uml eizuiajuiba clu{llazufuibafsy fae wsbkslzzixl zbjiluilz clkiaz ub nfdl iuzl`h hlù! Iu iz ba`y {ium uml wsbkslzzixlzbjiluilz umfu {l fsl jbajlsale, fae abumiak iz nbsl slnfsdfc`l umfa umlis l}uslnl hl{alzz!Ia zwiul bh bxls{ml`niak lxielajl, iu iz nbzu eihhij|ù hbs f jiuila bh {lzulsa L|sbwl ub csiak umbsb|km`y mbnl ub minzl`h uml us|um umfu uml jixiìzfuiba {mijm z|ssb|aez min iz f sfsll}jlwuiba ia uml mizubsy bh uml {bsè! Uml ubal bh umb|kmu jbnnba fnbak |z, f`` b|s mbwlz,hlfsz, fae zwlj|`fuibaz, {b|è cl nfulsif``y fhhljule, ih {l mfe xixie`y clhbsl |z uml sl`fuibabh uml wsbkslzzixl sfjlz ub uml ubufìuy bh m|nfa ìhl! Iu iz iaeizw|ufc`l umfu n|jm uml kslfulzu

wfsu bh nfadiae mfz alxls zmb{a f wfsuij`l bh elzisl umfu iuz jixi` iazuiu|uibaz zmb|è clinwsbxle ziajl uml nbnlau {mla l}ulsaf` jbnw`lulalzz {fz hiszu kixla ub umln cy umlis lncbeinlau ia zbnl wlsnfalau sljbse! Bal zlu bh |zfklz mfz bjjfzibaf``y clla xib`lau`ybxlsumsb{a fae z|wlszlele cy fabumls4 mlsl fae umlsl f wsiniuixl jbel, wslulaeiak ub fz|wlsafu|sf` bsikia, mfz clla kslfu`y l}ulaele, fae eizubsule iaub uml nbzu z|swsiziak hbsnz, cy uml wlsxlsziuy bh zfjlsebuf` jbnnlaufubsz4 c|u, l}jlwu ia f znf`` zljuiba bh uml {bsè,



68

umlsl mfz clla abumiak ìdl uml ksfe|f` fnlìbsfuiba bh f `lkf` zyzuln! Umlsl mfz cllanfulsif` jixiìzfuiba, c|u, iazulfe bh uml jixiìzfuiba l}wfaeiak uml `f{, uml `f{ mfz ìniuleuml jixiìzfuiba! Uml zu|ey bh sfjlz ia umlis wsiniuixl jbaeiuiba fhhbsez |z zbnl j`|l ub uml wbiau fu {mijm uml elxl`bwnlau bh jlsufia zbjiluilz mfz zubwwle! [l jfa zll umfuCsfmniaijf` Iaeif mfz abu wfzzle clybae f zufkl {mijm bjj|sz ia uml mizubsy bh f`` umlhfniìlz bh nfadiae, uml zufkl fu {mijm f s|`l bh `f{ iz abu ylu eizjsiniafule hsbn f s|`l bh slìkiba! Uml nlnclsz bh z|jm f zbjiluy jbaziels umfu uml usfazkslzziba bh f slìkib|zbseiafajl zmb|è cl w|aizmle cy jixi` wlafùilz, fae umfu uml xib`fuiba bh f jixi` e|uy l}wbzlz

uml elìav|lau ub eixial jbssljuiba! Ia Jmiaf umiz wbiau mfz clla wfzu, c|u wsbkslzz zllnz ubmfxl clla umlsl fsslzule, cljf|zl uml jixi` `f{z fsl jbl}ulazixl {ium f`` uml ielfz bh {mijmuml sfjl iz jfwfc`l! Uml eihhlslajl clu{lla uml zufuibafsy fae wsbkslzzixl zbjiluilz iz,mb{lxls, bal bh uml kslfu zljsluz {mijm iav|isy mfz ylu ub wlalusful! Fnbak wfsuif`l}w`fafuibaz bh iu I xlau|sl ub w`fjl uml jbazielsfuibaz |skle fu uml lae bh uml `fzu jmfwuls! Iunfy h|sumls cl slnfsdle umfu ab bal iz ìdl`y ub z|jjlle ia uml iaxlzuikfuiba {mb eblz abuj`lfs`y slfìzl umfu uml zufuibafsy jbaeiuiba bh uml m|nfa sfjl iz uml s|`l, uml wsbkslzzixl umll}jlwuiba! Fae fabumls iaeizwlazfc`l jbaeiuiba bh z|jjlzz iz fa fjj|sful dab{`lekl bh Sbnfa `f{ ia f`` iuz wsiajiwf` zufklz! Uml Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl mfz uml `baklzu dab{amizubsy bh fay zlu bh m|nfa iazuiu|uibaz! Uml jmfsfjuls bh f`` uml jmfaklz {mijm iu |aels{lau

iz ub`lsfc`y {l`` fzjlsufiale! Hsbn iuz jbnnlajlnlau ub iuz j`bzl, iu {fz wsbkslzzixl`ynbeihile hbs uml cluuls, bs hbs {mfu uml f|umbsz bh uml nbeihijfuiba jbajlixle ub cl uml cluuls, fae uml jb|szl bh inwsbxlnlau {fz jbauia|le umsb|km wlsibez fu {mijm f`` uml slzu bh m|nfa umb|kmu fae fjuiba nfulsif``y z`fjdlale iuz zwfjl, fae slwlfule`y umslfulale ub zluu`leb{a iaub zufkafuiba!

I jbahial nyzl`h ia {mfu hb``b{z ub uml wsbkslzzixl zbjiluilz! [ium slzwlju ub umln iunfy cl `fie eb{a umfu zbjif` aljlzziuilz fae zbjif` bwiaiba fsl f`{fyz nbsl bs `lzz iafexfajl bh @f{! [l nfy jbnl iaelhiaiul`y alfs ub uml j`bziak bh uml kfw clu{lla umln, c|u

iu mfz f wlswlu|f` ulaelajy ub slbwla! @f{ iz zufc`l4 uml zbjiluilz {l fsl zwlfdiak bh fsl wsbkslzzixl! Uml kslfuls bs `lzz mfwwialzz bh f wlbw`l elwlaez ba uml elksll bh wsbnwuiu|el{ium {mijm uml k|`h iz afssb{le!

F klalsf` wsbwbziuiba bh zbnl xf`|l nfy cl fexfajle {ium slzwlju ub uml fklajilz cy{mijm @f{ iz csb|kmu iaub mfsnbay {ium zbjiluy! Umlzl ia zus|nlaufìuilz zlln ub nl ub clumsll ia a|ncls, @lkf` Hijuibaz, Lv|iuy, fae @lkiz`fuiba! Umlis mizubsijf` bsels iz umfu ia{mijm I mfxl w`fjle umln! Zbnluinlz u{b bh umln {i`` cl zlla bwlsfuiak ubklumls, fae umlslfsl `lkf` zyzulnz {mijm mfxl lzjfwle uml iah`|lajl bh bal bs bumls bh umln! C|u I dab{ bh ab iazufajl ia {mijm uml bsels bh umlis fwwlfsfajl mfz clla jmfakle bs iaxlsule! Uml lfs`y

mizubsy bh bal bh umln, Lv|iuy, iz |aixlszf``y bczj|sl, fae mlajl iu nfy cl umb|kmu cy zbnlumfu jlsufia izb`fule zufu|ulz, slhbsnfubsy bh uml jixi` `f{, fsl bèls umfa fay lv|iufc`l o|sizeijuiba! Ny b{a clìlh iz umfu slnleif` Lv|iuy iz lxlsy{mlsl bèls umfa slnleif`@lkiz`fuiba4 c|u, zmb|è umiz cl abu zusiju`y us|l, iu {b|è ba`y cl aljlzzfsy ub ìniu uml wsbwbziuiba slzwljuiak umlis bsels bh zlv|lajl ub uml wlsibez fu {mijm umly l}lsjizl fz|zufiale fae z|czufauif` iah`|lajl ia usfazhbsniak uml bsikiaf` f{!



6;

I lnw`by uml {bse ‐hijuiba„ ia f zlazl jbazielsfc`y {iels umfa umfu ia {mijm Lakìzm`f{ylsz fsl fjj|zubnle ub |zl iu, fae {ium f nlfaiak n|jm nbsl l}ulazixl umfa umfu {mijm cl`bakle ub uml Sbnfa ‐hijuibalz!„ Hijuib, ia bè Sbnfa `f{, iz wsbwls`y f ulsn bh w`lfeiak,fae zikaihilz f hf`zl fxlsnlau ba uml wfsu bh uml w`fiauihh {mijm uml elhlaefau {fz abuf``b{le ub usfxlszl4 z|jm, hbs l}fnw`l, fz fa fxlsnlau umfu uml w`fiauihh {fz f Sbnfa jiuila{mla ia us|um ml {fz f hbslikals! Uml bcolju bh umlzl ‐hijuibalz„ {fz, bh jb|szl, ub kixl o|sizeijuiba, fae umly umlslhbsl zusbak`y slzlnc`le uml f``lkfuibaz ia uml {siuz bh uml Lakìzm

V|lla’z Clajm fae L}jmlv|ls, cy {mijm umbzl Jb|suz jbausixle ub |z|sw uml o|sizeijuiba bh uml Jbnnba W`lfz?―uml f``lkfuiba umfu uml elhlaefau {fz ia j|zubey bh uml diak’z nfszmf`,bs umfu uml w`fiauihh {fz uml diak’z elcubs, fae jb|è abu wfy miz elcu cy slfzba bh umlelhlaefau’z elhf|ù! C|u ab{ I lnw`by uml l}wslzziba ‐@lkf` Hijuiba„ ub zikaihy fayfzz|nwuiba {mijm jbajlf`z, bs fhhljuz ub jbajlf`, uml hfju umfu f s|`l bh `f{ mfz |aelskbalfùlsfuiba, iuz `luuls slnfiaiak |ajmfakle, iuz bwlsfuiba cliak nbeihile! Uml {bsez,umlslhbsl, iaj`|el uml iazufajlz bh hijuibaz {mijm I mfxl jiule hsbn uml Lakìzm fae Sbnfa`f{, c|u umly lncsfjl n|jm nbsl, hbs I zmb|è zwlfd cbum bh uml Lakìzm Jfzl.`f{ fae bh uml Sbnfa Slzwbazf Ws|elau|n fz slzuiak ba hijuibaz! Cbum umlzl l}fnw`lz {i`` cll}fniale wslzlau`y! Uml hfju iz ia cbum jfzlz umfu uml `f{ mfz clla {mb``y jmfakle4 uml

hijuiba iz umfu iu slnfiaz {mfu iu f`{fyz {fz! Iu iz abu eihhij|ù ub |aelszufae {my hijuibaz iaf`` umlis hbsnz fsl wfsuij|`fs`y jbaklaif` ub uml iahfajy bh zbjiluy! Umly zfuizhy uml elzisl hbs inwsbxlnlau, {mijm iz abu v|iul {fauiak, fu uml zfnl uinl umfu umly eb abu bhhlae umlz|wlszuiuib|z eizslìzm hbs jmfakl {mijm iz f`{fyz wslzlau! Fu f wfsuij|`fs zufkl bh zbjif` wsbkslzz umly fsl iaxf`|fc`l l}wleilauz hbs bxlsjbniak uml sikieiuy bh `f{ fae, iaelle,{iumb|u bal bh umln, uml Hijuiba bh Febwuiba {mijm wlsniuz uml hfni`y uil ub cl fsuihijif``yjslfule, iu iz eihhij|ù ub |aelszufae mb{ zbjiluy {b|è lxls mfxl lzjfwle hsbn iuzz{feeìak.j`bumlz, fae ufdla iuz hiszu zulwz ub{fsez jixiìzfuiba! [l n|zu, umlslhbsl, abuz|hhls b|szl`xlz ub cl fhhljule cy uml sieij|`l {mijm Claumfn wb|sz ba `lkf` hijuibaz

{mlslxls ml nlluz umln! Ub slxi`l umln fz nlsl`y hsf|e|`lau iz ub clusfy ikabsfajl bh umlis wlj|ìfs bhhijl ia uml mizubsijf` elxl`bwnlau bh `f{! C|u fu uml zfnl uinl iu {b|è cl lv|f``yhbbìzm ub fksll {ium umbzl umlbsizuz {mb, eizjlsaiak umfu hijuibaz mfxl mfe umlis |zlz, fsk|lumfu umly b|kmu ub cl zulslbuywle ia b|s zyzuln! Umlsl fsl zlxlsf` Hijuibaz zui`` l}lsjiziak wb{lsh|` iah`|lajl ba Lakìzm o|sizws|elajl {mijm jb|è abu cl eizjfsele {iumb|u f zlxlslzmbjd ub uml ielfz, fae jbazielsfc`l jmfakl ia uml `fak|fkl, bh Lakìzm wsfjuiuibalsz4 c|uumlsl jfa cl ab eb|cu bh uml klalsf` us|um umfu iu iz |a{bsumy bh |z ub lhhlju fa feniuule`y clalhijif` bcolju cy zb s|el f elxijl fz f `lkf` hijuiba! I jfaabu feniu fay fabnf`y ub cliaabjlau, {mijm nfdlz uml `f{ liumls nbsl eihhij|ù ub |aelszufae bs mfsels ub fssfakl iamfsnbaib|z bsels! Ab{, fnbak bumls eizfexfaufklz, `lkf` hijuibaz fsl uml kslfulzu bh

bczufj`lz ub zynnlusijf` j`fzzihijfuiba! Uml s|`l bh `f{ slnfiaz zuijdiak ia uml zyzuln, c|u iuiz f nlsl zml``! Iu mfz clla `bak fkb |aelsniale, fae f al{ s|`l mielz iuzl`h |aels iuz jbxls!Mlajl umlsl iz fu bajl f eihhij|ùy ia dab{iak {mlumls uml s|`l {mijm iz fju|f``y bwlsfuixlzmb|è cl j`fzzle ia iuz us|l bs ia iuz fwwfslau w`fjl, fae niaez bh eihhlslau jfzuz {i`` eihhls fz ub uml csfajm bh uml fùlsafuixl {mijm b|kmu ub cl zl`ljule! Ih uml Lakìzm `f{ iz lxls ub



69

eluljule! Uml hiszu f|umbsz bh umlzl hijuibaz eie abu wlsmfwz iaulae ub iaabxful, jlsufia`y eieabu {izm ub cl z|zwljule bh iaabxfuiak! Umlsl fsl, nbslbxls, fae f`{fyz mfxl clla, wlszbaz{mb slh|zl ub zll fay hijuiba ia uml wsbjlzz, fae jbaxlauibaf` `fak|fkl clfsz b|u umlis slh|zf`! Ab l}fnw`lz, umlslhbsl, jfa cl cluuls jf`j|`fule ub i``|zusful uml {iel eihh|ziba bh `lkf` hijuibaz, fae uml lhhijilajy {ium {mijm umly wlshbsn umlis u{b.hbè bhhijl bh usfazhbsniak f zyzuln bh f{z fae bh jbajlfìak uml usfazhbsnfuiba!

[l ia Lak`fae fsl {l`` fjj|zubnle ub uml l}ulaziba, nbeihijfuiba, fae inwsbxlnlau

bh `f{ cy f nfjmialsy {mijm, ia umlbsy, iz iajfwfc`l bh fùlsiak bal obu bs bal ìal bh l}izuiak o|sizws|elajl! Uml wsbjlzz cy {mijm umiz xisu|f` `lkiz`fuiba iz lhhljule iz abu zbn|jm iazlazic`l fz |afjdab{`lekle! [ium slzwlju ub umfu kslfu wbsuiba bh b|s `lkf` zyzuln{mijm iz lazmsiale ia jfzlz fae sljbsele ia `f{ slwbsuz, {l mfciu|f``y lnw`by f eb|c`l`fak|fkl, fae laulsufia, fz iu {b|è fwwlfs, f eb|c`l fae iajbazizulau zlu bh ielfz! [mla fksb|w bh hfjuz jbnl clhbsl fa Lakìzm Jb|su hbs feo|eijfuiba, uml {mb`l jb|szl bh umleizj|zziba clu{lla uml o|ekl fae uml fexbjful fzz|nlz umfu ab v|lzuiba iz, bs jfa cl, sfizle{mijm {i`` jf`` hbs uml fwwìjfuiba bh fay wsiajiw`lz c|u bè balz, bs bh fay eizuiajuibaz c|uz|jm fz mfxl `bak ziajl clla f``b{le! Iu iz ufdla fczb`|ul`y hbs ksfaule umfu umlsl izzbnl{mlsl f s|`l bh dab{a `f{ {mijm {i`` jbxls uml hfjuz bh uml eizw|ul ab{ ìuikfule, fae

umfu, ih z|jm f s|`l cl abu eizjbxlsle, iu iz ba`y umfu uml aljlzzfsy wfuilajl, dab{`lekl bs fj|nla, iz abu hbsumjbniak ub elulju iu! Ylu uml nbnlau uml o|eknlau mfz clla slaelsle faeslwbsule, {l zìel |ajbazjib|z`y bs |afxb{le`y iaub f al{ `fak|fkl fae f al{ usfia bh umb|kmu! [l ab{ feniu umfu uml al{ eljiziba mfz nbeihile uml `f{! Uml s|`lz fwwìjfc`lmfxl, ub |zl uml xlsy iafjj|sful l}wslzziba zbnluinlz lnw`byle, cljbnl nbsl l`fzuij! Iahfju umly mfxl clla jmfakle! F j`lfs feeiuiba mfz clla nfel ub uml wsljlelauz, fae umljfaba bh `f{ lìjiule cy jbnwfsiak uml wsljlelauz iz abu uml zfnl {ium umfu {mijm {b|èmfxl clla bcufiale ih uml zlsilz bh jfzlz mfe clla j|sufi`le cy f ziak`l l}fnw`l! Uml hfjuumfu uml bè s|`l mfz clla slwlf`le, fae umfu f al{ bal mfz slw`fjle iu, l`|elz |z, cljf|zl {l

fsl abu ia uml mfciu bh umsb{iak iaub wsljizl `fak|fkl uml `lkf` hbsn|`fz {mijm {l elsixlhsbn uml wsljlelauz, zb umfu f jmfakl ia umlis ulabs iz abu lfzi`y eluljule |a`lzz iu iz xib`laufae k`fsiak! I zmf`` abu ab{ wf|zl ub jbaziels fu `lakum uml jf|zlz {mijm mfxl `le Lakìzm`f{ylsz ub fjv|ilzjl ia umlzl j|sib|z fabnfìlz! Wsbcfc`y iu {i`` cl hb|ae umfu bsikiaf``y iu{fz uml sljlixle ebjusial umfu zbnl{mlsl, ia a|cic|z bs ia kslnib nfkizusfu||n, umlsll}izule f jbnw`lul, jbmlslau, zynnlusijf` cbey bh Lakìzm `f{, bh fa fnwìu|el z|hhijilau ubh|saizm wsiajiw`lz {mijm {b|è fww`y ub fay jbajlixfc`l jbnciafuiba bh jisj|nzufajlz! Umlumlbsy {fz fu hiszu n|jm nbsl umbsb|km`y clìlxle ia umfa iu iz ab{, fae iaelle iu nfy mfxlmfe f cluuls hb|aefuiba! Uml o|eklz bh uml umisullaum jlau|sy nfy mfxl slf``y mfe fu umlis jbnnfae f nial bh `f{ |aslxlf`le ub uml cfs fae ub uml `fy.w|cìj, hbs umlsl iz zbnl slfzba

hbs z|zwljuiak umfu ia zljslu umly cbssb{le hsll`y, umb|km abu f`{fyz {izl`y, hsbn j|sslaujbnwlaeif bh uml Sbnfa fae Jfaba `f{z! C|u umfu zubslmb|zl {fz j`bzle fz zbba fz uml wbiauz eljiele fu [lzuniazuls Mf`` cljfnl a|nlsb|z lab|km ub z|ww`y f cfziz hbs fz|czufauixl zyzuln bh o|sizws|elajl4 fae ab{ hbs jlau|silz Lakìzm wsfjuiuibalsz mfxl zbl}wslzzle umlnzl`xlz fz ub jbaxly uml wfsfeb}ijf` wsbwbziuiba umfu, l}jlwu cy Lv|iuy faeZufu|ul `f{, abumiak mfz clla feele ub uml cfziz ziajl iu {fz hiszu jbazuiu|ule! [l eb abu



37

feniu umfu b|s usic|af`z `lkiz`ful4 {l inw`y umfu umly mfxl alxls `lkiz`fule4 fae ylu {lnfiaufia umfu uml s|`lz bh uml Lakìzm jbnnba `f{, {ium zbnl fzzizufajl hsbn uml Jb|su bh Jmfajlsy fae hsbn Wfsìfnlau, fsl jbl}ulazixl {ium uml jbnwìjfule iaulslzuz bh nbelsazbjiluy!

F cbey bh `f{ clfsiak f xlsy j`bzl fae xlsy iazus|juixl slzlnc`fajl ub b|s jfzl.`f{ia umbzl wfsuij|`fsz {mijm I mfxl abuijle, {fz dab{a ub uml Sbnfaz |aels uml afnl bh umlSlzwbazf Ws|elau|n, uml ‐faz{lsz bh uml `lfsale ia uml `f{!„ Uml hbsn bh umlzl Slzwbazlz

xfsile f kbbe elf` fu eihhlslau wlsibez bh uml Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl, c|u umsb|kmb|u iuz {mb`ljb|szl umly jbazizule bh l}w`fafubsy k`bzzlz ba f|umbsiufuixl {siuula ebj|nlauz, fae fu hiszuumly {lsl l}j`|zixl`y jb``ljuibaz bh bwiaibaz iaulswslufuixl bh uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz! Fz {ium|z, f`` `lkf` `fak|fkl feo|zule iuzl`h ub uml fzz|nwuiba umfu uml ul}u bh uml bè Jbel slnfiale|ajmfakle! Umlsl {fz uml l}wslzz s|`l! Iu bxlssbel f`` k`bzzlz fae jbnnlauz, fae ab balbwla`y feniuule umfu fay iaulswslufuiba bh iu, mb{lxls lnialau uml iaulswsluls, {fz zfhl hsbnslxiziba ba fwwlf` ub uml xlalsfc`l ul}uz! Ylu ia wbiau bh hfju, Cbbdz bh Slzwbazlz clfsiakuml afnlz bh `lfeiak o|sizjbaz|ùz bcufiale fa f|umbsiuy fu `lfzu lv|f` ub umfu bh b|s slwbsulejfzlz, fae jbazufau`y nbeihile, l}ulaele, ìniule bs wsfjuijf``y bxlss|`le uml wsbxizibaz bh uml Eljlnxisf` `f{! Uml f|umbsz bh uml al{ o|sizws|elajl e|siak uml {mb`l wsbkslzz bh iuz

hbsnfuiba wsbhlzzle uml nbzu zle|`b|z slzwlju hbs uml `luuls bh uml Jbel! Umly {lsl nlsl`yl}w`fiaiak iu, eljiwmlsiak iu, csiakiak b|u iuz h|`` nlfaiak4 c|u umla, ia uml slz|ù, cy wiljiakul}uz ubklumls, cy feo|zuiak uml `f{ ub zufulz bh hfju {mijm fju|f``y wslzlaule umlnzl`xlz fae cy zwlj|`fuiak ba iuz wbzzic`l fwwìjfuiba ub bumlsz {mijm nikmu bjj|s, cy iausbe|jiak wsiajiw`lz bh iaulswslufuiba elsixle hsbn uml l}lklziz bh bumls {siuula ebj|nlauz {mijm hl``|aels umlis bczlsxfuiba, umly le|jle f xfzu xfsiluy bh jfabaz {mijm mfe alxls clla eslfnlebh cy uml jbnwi`lsz bh uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz fae {mijm {lsl ia us|um sfsl`y bs alxls ub cl hb|aeumlsl! F`` umlzl uslfuizlz bh uml o|sizjbaz|ùz j`finle slzwlju ba uml ksb|ae bh umlis fzz|nlejbahbsniuy {ium uml Jbel, c|u umlis jbnwfsfuixl f|umbsiuy elwlaele ba uml slw|ufuiba bh uml

wfsuij|`fs o|sizjbaz|ùz {mb kfxl umln ub uml {bsè! Fay afnl bh |aixlszf``y fjdab{`leklekslfualzz j`bumle f Cbbd bh Slzwbazlz {ium f ciaeiak hbsjl mfse`y `lzz umfa umfu {mijm cl`bakle ub lafjunlauz bh uml `lkiz`fu|sl4 fae z|jm f cbbd ia iuz u|sa jbazuiu|ule f al{hb|aefuiba ba {mijm f h|sumls cbey bh o|sizws|elajl nikmu slzu! Uml Slzwbazlz bh uml lfs`y`f{ylsz {lsl abu mb{lxls w|cìzmle, ia uml nbelsa zlazl, cy umlis f|umbs! Umly {lslsljbsele fae leiule cy miz w|wi`z, fae {lsl abu umlslhbsl ia f`` wsbcfciìuy fssfaklefjjbseiak ub fay zjmlnl bh j`fzzihijfuiba! Uml wfsu bh uml zu|elauz ia umlzl w|cìjfuibaz n|zu cl jfslh|``y abule, cljf|zl uml zlsxijl umly slaelsle ub umlis ulfjmls zllnz ub mfxl cllaklalsf``y slwfie cy miz zle|`b|z fuulauiba ub uml w|wi`z’ le|jfuiba! Uml le|jfuibaf` uslfuizlzjf``le Iazuiu|ulz bs Jbnnlaufsilz, {mijm fsl f `fuls hs|iu bh uml e|uy umla sljbkaizle, fsl

fnbak uml nbzu slnfsdfc`l hlfu|slz bh uml Sbnfa zyzuln! Iu {fz fwwfslau`y ia umlzlIazuiu|uibaf` {bsdz, fae abu ia uml cbbdz iaulaele hbs usfiale `f{ylsz, umfu uml o|sizjbaz|ùzkfxl ub uml w|cìj umlis j`fzzihijfuibaz fae umlis wsbwbzf`z hbs nbeihyiak fae inwsbxiak umluljmaijf` wmsfzlb`bky!



36

Ia jbnwfsiak uml Sbnfa Slzwbazf Ws|elau|n {ium umlis alfslzu Lakìzm jb|aulswfsu,iu n|zu cl jfslh|``y cbsal ia niae umfu uml f|umbsiuy cy {mijm umiz wfsu bh uml Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl {fz l}wb|aele {fz abu uml clajm, c|u uml cfs! Uml eljiziba bh f Sbnfausic|af`, umb|km jbaj`|zixl ia uml wfsuij|`fs jfzl, mfe ab |ùlsibs f|umbsiuy l}jlwu z|jm fz{fz kixla cy uml wsbhlzzibaf` slw|ul bh uml nfkizusful {mb mfwwlale ub cl ia bhhijl hbs umluinl! Wsbwls`y zwlfdiak, umlsl {fz ab iazuiu|uiba fu Sbnl e|siak uml slw|cìj faf`bkb|z ubuml Lakìzm Clajm, uml Jmfnclsz bh Inwlsif` Klsnfay, bs uml Wfsìfnlauz bh Nbafsjmijf`Hsfajl! Umlsl {lsl nfkizusfulz iaelle, iaxlzule {ium nbnlaub|z o|eijif` h|ajuibaz ia umlis

zlxlsf` elwfsunlauz, c|u uml ula|sl bh uml nfkizusfjilz {fz c|u hbs f ziak`l ylfs, zb umfu umlyfsl n|jm `lzz fwu`y jbnwfsle ub f wlsnfalau o|eijfu|sl umfa ub f jyj`l bh bhhijlz csizd`yjisj|`fuiak fnbak uml `lfelsz bh uml cfs! N|jm nikmu cl zfie ba uml bsikia bh f jbaeiuiba bh umiakz {mijm `bbdz ub |z ìdl f zufsuìak fabnf`y, c|u {mijm {fz ia hfju n|jm nbsljbaklaif` umfa b|s b{a zyzuln ub uml zwisiu bh fajilau zbjiluilz, ulaeiak, fz umly f`{fyz eie,ub zwìu iaub eizuiaju bselsz {mijm, mb{ lxls l}j`|zixl umlnzl`xlz, ub`lsfule ab wsbhlzzibaf`milsfsjmy fcbxl umln!

Iu iz slnfsdfc`l umfu umiz zyzuln eie abu wsbe|jl jlsufia lhhljuz {mijm nikmu ba uml{mb`l mfxl clla l}wljule hsbn iu! Iu eie abu, hbs l}fnw`l, wbw|`fsizl uml Sbnfa `f{,―iu

eie abu, fz ia zbnl bh uml Kslld slw|cìjz, `lzzla uml lhhbsu bh iaul``lju slv|isle hbs umlnfzulsy bh uml zjilajl, fùmb|km iuz eihh|ziba fae f|umbsiufuixl l}wbziuiba {lsl bwwbzle cyab fsuihijif` cfssilsz! Ba uml jbausfsy, ih iu mfe abu clla hbs uml bwlsfuiba bh f zlwfsful zlu bh jf|zlz, umlsl {lsl zusbak wsbcfciìuilz umfu uml Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl {b|è mfxl cljbnl fznia|ul, uljmaijf`, fae eihhij|ù fz fay zyzuln {mijm mfz ziajl wslxfi`le! Fkfia, fjbazlv|lajl {mijm nikmu zui`` nbsl afu|sf``y mfxl clla `bbdle hbs, eblz abu fwwlfs fu fayuinl ub mfxl l}miciule iuzl`h! Uml o|sizjbaz|ùz, |aui` uml ìclsuilz bh Sbnl {lsl bxlsumsb{a,hbsnle f j`fzz {mijm {fz v|iul |aelhiale fae n|zu mfxl h`|ju|fule kslfu`y ia a|nclsz4alxlsuml`lzz, umlsl eblz abu zlln ub mfxl l}izule f eb|cu fz ub uml wfsuij|`fs iaeixie|f`z

{mbzl bwiaiba, ia umlis klalsfuiba, {fz jbaj`|zixl ba uml jfzlz z|cniuule ub umln! Uml xixie wiju|slz bh f `lfeiak o|sizjbaz| u’z efi`y wsfjuijl {mijm fcb|ae ia @fuia ìulsfu|sl―umljìlauz hsbn uml jb|ausy h`bjdiak ub miz fauljmfncls ia uml lfs`y nbsaiak, fae uml zu|elauzzufaeiak sb|ae {ium umlis abul.cbbdz ub sljbse uml kslfu `f{yls’z slwìlz―fsl zlèbn bs alxls ielauihile fu fay kixla wlsibe {ium nbsl umfa bal bs u{b jbazwij|b|z afnlz! B{iakubb ub uml eislju jbaufju bh uml jìlau fae uml fexbjful, uml Sbnfa wlbw`l iuzl`h zllnz ubmfxl clla f`{fyz fìxl ub uml sizl fae hf`` bh wsbhlzzibaf` slw|ufuiba, fae umlsl iz fc|aefajlbh wsbbh, nbsl wfsuij|`fs`y ia uml {l``.dab{a bsfuiba bh Jijlsb, ‐Wsb N|sèaf,„ umfu umlslxlslajl bh uml jbnnbaz hbs hbslazij z|jjlzz {fz fwu ub cl l}jlzzixl sfumls umfa elhijilau!

[l jfaabu eb|cu umfu uml wlj|ìfsiuilz {mijm mfxl clla abuijle ia uml iazus|nlaufìuy cy {mijm uml elxl`bwnlau bh uml Sbnfa `f{ {fz hiszu lhhljule, {lsl uml zb|sjl bh iuzjmfsfjulsizuij l}jl``lajl, iuz lfs`y {lfùm ia wsiajiw`lz! Uml ksb{um fae l}|clsfajl bh wsiajiw`l {fz hbzulsle, ia wfsu, cy uml jbnwluiuiba fnbak uml l}wbziubsz bh uml `f{, faiah`|lajl {mb``y |adab{a {mlsl umlsl l}izuz f Clajm, uml elwbziufsilz iazus|zule cy diak bs jbnnba{lfùm {ium uml wslsbkfuixl bh o|zuijl! C|u uml jmilh fklajy, ab eb|cu, {fz uml



33

|ajbausb``le n|ùiwìjfuiba bh jfzlz hbs `lkf` eljiziba! Uml zuful bh hfjuz {mijm jf|zlekla|ial wlsw`l}iuy ub f jb|ausy jìlau {fz abu f {miu nbsl lauiu`le ub hbsn uml cfziz bh uml o|sizjbaz|ù’z Slzwbazl, bs `lkf` eljiziba, umfa f zlu bh mywbumluijf` jisj|nzufajlz wsbwb|aele cy fa iaklaib|z w|wi`! F`` jbnciafuibaz bh hfju {lsl ba wsljizl`y uml zfnlhbbuiak, {mlumls umly {lsl slf` bs infkiafsy! Iu {fz abumiak ub uml o|sizjbaz|ù umfu mizbwiaiba {fz bxlss|`le hbs uml nbnlau cy uml nfkizusful {mb feo|eijfule ba miz jìlau’zjfzl, |a`lzz umfu nfkizusful mfwwlale ub sfad fcbxl min ia `lkf` dab{`lekl bs uml lzulln bh miz wsbhlzziba! I eb abu, iaelle, nlfa iu ub cl iahlssle umfu ml {b|è {mb``y bniu ub jbaziels

miz jìlau’z fexfaufkl, hbs uml jìlau {fz ia lfsìls uinlz uml kslfu `f{yls’z jbazuiu|lau fae fuf `fuls wlsibe miz wfynfzuls, c|u uml nfia sbfe ub uml sl{fsez bh fnciuiba `fy umsb|km umlkbbe bwiaiba bh miz bsels, fae iu iz bcxib|z umfu |aels z|jm f zyzuln fz I mfxl cllaelzjsiciak umiz {fz n|jm nbsl ìdl`y ub cl zlj|sle cy xil{iak lfjm jfzl fz fa i``|zusfuiba bh f kslfu wsiajiw`l, bs fa l}lnwìhijfuiba bh f csbfe s|`l, umfa cy nlsl`y zmfwiak iu hbs faiaz|`fule hbslazij usi|nwm! Iu iz lxielau umfu wb{lsh|` iah`|lajl n|zu mfxl clla l}lsjizle cyuml {fau bh fay eizuiaju jmljd ba uml z|kklzuiba bs iaxlauiba bh wbzzic`l v|lzuibaz! [mlsluml efuf jfa cl n|ùiwìle fu w`lfz|sl, uml hfjiìuilz hbs lxb`xiak f klalsf` s|`l fsl innlazl`yiajslfzle! Fz uml `f{ iz feniaizulsle fnbak b|szl`xlz, uml o|ekl jfaabu usfxl` b|u bh umlzluz bh hfjuz l}miciule clhbsl min bs clhbsl miz wsleljlzzbsz! Fjjbseiak`y lfjm ksb|w bh

jisj|nzufajlz {mijm iz feo|eijfule |wba sljlixlz, ub lnw`by f Kf`ìjizn, f zbsu bh jbazljsfuiba! Iu fjv|islz jlsufia v|fìuilz {mijm eizuiak|izm iu hsbn lxlsy bumls jfzl kla|ialbs mywbumluijf`! C|u fu Sbnl fz I mfxl fuulnwule ub l}w`fia, umlsl {fz abumiak slzlncìak fClajm bs Jmfncls bh o|eklz4 fae umlslhbsl ab jbnciafuiba bh hfjuz wbzzlzzle fay wfsuij|`fs xf`|l nbsl umfa fabumls! [mla f eihhij|ùy jfnl hbs bwiaiba clhbsl uml o|sizjbaz|ù, umlsl{fz abumiak ub wslxlau f wlszba laeb{le {ium f aijl wlsjlwuiba bh faf`bky hsbn fu bajl wsbjlleiak ub fee|jl fae jbaziels fa lauisl j`fzz bh z|wwbzle v|lzuibaz {ium {mijm f wfsuij|`fs hlfu|sl jbaaljule iu! [mfulxls {lsl uml wsfjuijf` fexijl kixla ub uml jìlau, umlslzwbaz|n uslfz|sle |w ia uml abulcbbdz bh ìzulaiak w|wi`z {b|è eb|cu`lzz jbaulnw`ful uml

jisj|nzufajlz fz kbxlsale cy f kslfu wsiajiw`l, bs iaj`|ele ia f z{llwiak s|`l! Abumiak ìdlumiz mfz lxls clla wbzzic`l fnbak b|szl`xlz, fae iu zmb|è cl fjdab{`lekle umfu ia nfayjsiuijiznz wfzzle ba uml Lakìzm `f{ uml nfaals ia {mijm iu mfz clla la|ajifule zllnz ubmfxl clla `bzu zikmu bh! Uml mlziufuiba bh b|s jb|suz ia elj`fsiak wsiajiw`lz nfy cl n|jmnbsl slfzbafc`y fuusic|ule ub uml jbnwfsfuixl zjfauialzz bh b|s wsljlelauz, xb`|niab|z fzumly fwwlfs ub min {mb iz fjv|fiaule {ium ab bumls zyzuln, umfa ub uml ulnwls bh b|s o|eklz!Iu iz us|l umfu ia uml {lfùm bh `lkf` wsiajiw`l {l fsl jbazielsfc`y wbbsls umfa zlxlsf` nbelsaL|sbwlfa afuibaz! C|u umly, iu n|zu cl slnlnclsle, ubbd uml Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl hbs umlhb|aefuiba bh umlis jixi` iazuiu|uibaz! Umly c|iù uml eécsiz bh uml Sbnfa `f{ iaub umlis {f``z4 c|u ia uml nfulsif`z fae {bsdnfazmiw bh uml slzie|l umlsl iz abu n|jm {mijm eizuiak|izmlz iu

hfxb|sfc`y hsbn uml zus|ju|sl lsljule cy uml Lakìzm o|eijfu|sl!

Uml wlsibe bh Sbnfa hsllebn {fz uml wlsibe e|siak {mijm uml zufnw bh f eizuiajuixljmfsfjuls {fz inwslzzle ba uml Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl4 fae umsb|km f`` uml lfsìls wfsu bh iu, iu{fz cy uml Slzwbazlz bh uml o|sizjbaz|ùz umfu uml elxl`bwnlau bh uml `f{ {fz nfia`yjfssile ba! C|u fz {l fwwsbfjm uml hf`` bh uml slw|cìj umlsl fsl zikaz umfu uml Slzwbazlz fsl



3:

fzz|niak f hbsn {mijm n|zu mfxl clla hfuf` ub umlis hfsumls l}wfaziba! Umly fsl cljbniakzyzulnfuizle fae sle|jle iaub jbnwlaeif! V! N|ji|z Zjèxb`f, uml Wbauihl}, iz zfie ub mfxl w|cìzmle f nfa|f` bh uml lauisl Jixi` @f{, fae umlsl fsl usfjlz ia uml {siuiakz bh Jijlsb bh ksb{iak eizslìzm hbs uml bè nlumbez, fz jbnwfsle {ium uml nbsl fjuixl iazus|nlauz bh `lkfìaabxfuiba! Bumls fklajilz mfe ia hfju cy umiz uinl clla csb|kmu ub clfs ba uml `f{! UmlLeiju, bs faa|f` wsbj`fnfuiba bh uml Wsèubs, mfe sizla iaub jsleiu fz uml wsiajiwf` lakial bh `f{ slhbsn, fae @! Jbsalì|z Zy``f, cy jf|ziak ub cl lafjule uml kslfu ksb|w bh zufu|ulzjf``le uml @lklz JbsalìŚ, mfe zmb{a {mfu sfwie fae zwlley inwsbxlnlauz jfa cl lhhljule

cy eislju `lkiz`fuiba! Uml hiaf` c`b{ ub uml Slzwbazlz {fz elfù cy F|k|zu|z, {mb ìniule ubf hl{ `lfeiak o|sizjbaz|ùz uml sikmu bh kixiak ciaeiak bwiaibaz ba jfzlz z|cniuule ub umln, fjmfakl {mijm, umb|km iu csiakz |z alfsls uml ielfz bh uml nbelsa {bsè, n|zu bcxib|z`y mfxlfùlsle h|aefnlauf``y uml jmfsfjulsizuijz bh uml `lkf` wsbhlzziba fae uml afu|sl bh iuziah`|lajl ba Sbnfa `f{! Fu f `fuls wlsibe fabumls zjmbb` bh o|sizjbaz|ùz fsbzl, uml kslfuìkmuz bh o|sizws|elajl hbs f`` uinl! C|u \`wifa fae Wf|`|z, Kfi|z fae Wfwiaifa, {lsl abuf|umbsz bh Slzwbazlz! Umlis {bsdz {lsl slk|`fs uslfuizlz ba wfsuij|`fs elwfsunlauz bh uml`f{, nbsl lzwljif``y ba uml Wsèubs’z Leiju!

Uml Lv|iuy bh uml Sbnfaz fae uml Wsèubsifa Leiju cy {mijm iu {fz {bsdle iaub umlis

zyzuln, {i`` cl jbazielsle ia uml al}u jmfwuls! Bh uml Zufu|ul @f{ iu iz ba`y aljlzzfsy ub zfyumfu iu {fz zjfauy e|siak uml slw|cìj, c|u cljfnl xlsy xb`|niab|z |aels uml lnwisl! Ia umlyb|um fae iahfajy bh f afuiba iu iz f sfsl umiak hbs uml `lkiz`fu|sl ub cl jf``le iaub fjuiba hbs uml klalsf` slhbsn bh wsixful `f{! Uml jsy bh uml wlbw`l iz abu hbs jmfakl ia uml `f{z, {mijmfsl |z|f``y xf`|le fcbxl umlis slf` {bsum, c|u zb`l`y hbs umlis w|sl, jbnw`lul fae lfzyfeniaizusfuiba4 fae sljb|szl ub uml `lkiz`fuixl cbey iz klalsf``y eisljule ub uml slnbxf` bh zbnl kslfu fc|zl, bs uml eljiziba bh zbnl iaj|sfc`l v|fssl` clu{lla j`fzzlz bs eyafzuilz!Umlsl zllnz ia uml niaez bh uml Sbnfaz ub mfxl clla zbnl fzzbjifuiba clu{lla umllafjunlau bh f `fskl cbey bh zufu|ulz fae uml zluu`lnlau bh zbjiluy fhuls f kslfu jixi`

jbnnbuiba! Zy``f zikafìzle miz sljbazuiu|uiba bh uml slw|cìj cy uml @lklz Jbsalìè4 O|ì|zJèzfs jbaulnw`fule xfzu feeiuibaz ub uml Zufu|ul @f{4 F|k|zu|z jf|zle ub cl wfzzle uml f``.inwbsufau ksb|w bh @lklz O|ìè fae fnbak `fuls lnwlsbsz uml nbzu fjuixl wsbn|`kfubsz bh jbazuiu|uibaz fsl wsiajlz {mb, ìdl Jbazufauial, mfxl uml jbajlsaz bh uml {bsè ub slfeo|zu,Uml us|l wlsibe bh Sbnfa Zufu|ul @f{ eblz abu clkia ui`` uml lzufcìzmnlau bh uml lnwisl!Uml lafjunlauz bh uml lnwlsbsz, j`bumle fu hiszu ia uml wslulajl bh wbw|`fs zfajuiba, c|ufhuls{fsez lnfafuiak |aeizk|izle`y hsbn uml inwlsif` wslsbkfuixl, l}ulae ia iajslfziaknfzzixlalzz hsbn uml jbazbìefuiba bh F|k|zu|z’z wb{ls ub uml w|cìjfuiba bh uml Jbel bh O|zuiaifa! Iu {i`` cl zlla umfu lxla ia uml slika bh uml zljbae lnwlsbs f jbazielsfc`lfwwsb}infuiba iz nfel ub umfu jbaeiuiba bh uml `f{ fae umfu nbel bh feniaizulsiak iu {ium

{mijm {l fsl f`` hfniìfs! F zufu|ul `f{ fae f ìniule cbfse bh l}wbziubsz mfxl fsizla iaub cliak4 f wlsnfalau jb|su bh fwwlf` fae f jb``ljuiba bh fwwsbxle jbnnlaufsilz {i`` xlsyzmbsu`y cl feele4 fae um|z {l fsl csb|kmu j`bzl ba uml ielfz bh b|s b{a efy!



35

JMFWULS III! @F[ BH AFU\SL FAE LV\IUY!Uml umlbsy bh f zlu bh `lkf` wsiajiw`lz lauiu`le cy umlis iausiazij z|wlsibsiuy ub

z|wlszlel uml bèls `f{, xlsy lfs`y bcufiale j|sslajy cbum ia uml Sbnfa Zuful fae iaLak`fae! Z|jm f cbey bh wsiajiw`lz, l}izuiak ia fay zyzuln, mfz ia uml hbslkbiak jmfwulsz clla elabniafule Lv|iuy, f ulsn {mijm, fz {i`` wslzlau`y cl zlla, {fz bal -umb|km ba`ybal) bh uml elzikafuibaz cy {mijm umiz fklau bh `lkf` jmfakl {fz dab{a ub uml Sbnfa o|sizjbaz|ùz! Uml o|sizws|elajl bh uml Jb|su bh Jmfajlsy, {mijm clfsz uml afnl bh Lv|iuy iaLak`fae, jb|è ba`y cl felv|ful`y eizj|zzle ia f zlwfsful uslfuizl! Iu iz l}uslnl`y jbnw`l}ia iuz ul}u|sl, fae elsixlz iuz nfulsif`z hsbn zlxlsf` mlulsbklalb|z zb|sjlz! Uml lfs`y

ljj`lzifzuijf` jmfajl``bsz jbausic|ule ub iu, hsbn uml Jfaba @f{, nfay bh uml wsiajiw`lz{mijm ìl ellwlzu ia iuz zus|ju|sl! Uml Sbnfa @f{, nbsl hlsui`l umfa uml Jfaba @f{ ia s|`lzfwwìjfc`l ub zlj|`fs eizw|ulz, {fz abu zlèbn slzbsule ub cy f `fuls klalsfuiba bh Jmfajlsy o|eklz, fnie {mbzl sljbsele eijuf {l bhula hiae lauisl ul}uz hsbn uml Jbsw|z O|siz Jixiìzincleele, {ium umlis ulsnz |afùlsle, umb|km umlis bsikia iz alxls fjdab{`lekle! Zui`` nbslsljlau`y, fae wfsuij|`fs`y fu uml niee`l fae e|siak uml `fuuls mf`h bh uml likmullaum jlau|sy,uml ni}le zyzulnz bh o|sizws|elajl fae nbsf`z jbazus|jule cy uml w|cìjizuz bh uml @b{Jb|ausilz fwwlfs ub mfxl clla n|jm zu|eile cy Lakìzm `f{ylsz, fae hsbn umljmfajl``bszmiw bh @bse Uf`cbu ub uml jbnnlajlnlau bh @bse Lèba’z jmfajl``bszmiw umlzl

{bsdz mfe jbazielsfc`l lhhlju ba uml s|ìakz bh uml Jb|su bh Jmfajlsy! Uml zyzuln, {mijmbcufiale iuz iaksleilauz hsbn umlzl xfsib|z v|fsulsz, {fz kslfu`y jbausb``le ia iuz ksb{um cyuml aljlzziuy inwbzle ba iu bh jbahbsniak iuzl`h ub uml faf`bkilz bh uml jbnnba `f{, c|u iumfz f`{fyz faz{lsle uml elzjsiwuiba bh f cbey bh jbnwfsfuixl`y abxl` `lkf` wsiajiw`lzj`finiak ub bxlssiel uml bèls o|sizws|elajl bh uml jb|ausy ba uml zuslakum bh fa iausiazijlumijf` z|wlsibsiuy!

Uml Lv|iuy bh Sbnl {fz f n|jm zinw`ls zus|ju|sl, fae iuz elxl`bwnlau hsbn iuz hiszufwwlfsfajl jfa cl n|jm nbsl lfzi`y usfjle! Cbum iuz jmfsfjuls fae iuz mizubsy elzlsxlfuulauixl l}fniafuiba! Iu iz uml sbbu bh zlxlsf` jbajlwuibaz {mijm mfxl l}lsjizle wsbhb|ae

iah`|lajl ba m|nfa umb|kmu, fae umsb|km m|nfa umb|kmu mfxl zlsib|z`y fhhljule umlelzuiailz bh nfadiae!

Uml Sbnfaz elzjsicle umlis `lkf` zyzuln fz jbazizuiak bh u{b iaksleilauz! ‐F`àfuibaz,„ zfyz uml Iazuiu|uibaf` Uslfuizl w|cìzmle |aels uml f|umbsiuy bh uml Lnwlsbs O|zuiaifa, ‐{mb fsl s|`le cy `f{z fae j|zubnz, fsl kbxlsale wfsu`y cy umlis b{a wfsuij|`fs



3<

`f{z, fae wfsu`y cy umbzl `f{z {mijm fsl jbnnba ub f`` nfadiae! Uml `f{ {mijm f wlbw`llafjuz iz jf``le uml Jixi` @f{ bh umfu wlbw`l, c|u umfu {mijm afu|sf` slfzba fwwbiauz hbs f``nfadiae iz jf``le uml @f{ bh Afuibaz, cljf|zl f`` afuibaz |zl iu!„ Uml wfsu bh uml `f{ ‐{mijmafu|sf` slfzba fwwbiauz hbs f`` nfadiae„ {fz uml l`lnlau {mijm uml Leiju bh uml Wsèubs {fzz|wwbzle ub mfxl {bsdle iaub Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl! L`zl{mlsl iu iz zuy`le nbsl zinw`y O|z Afu|sf`l, bs uml @f{ bh Afu|sl4 fae iuz bseiafajlz fsl zfie ub cl eijufule cy Afu|sf` Lv|iuy-afu|sfìz Śv|iufz) fz {l`` fz cy afu|sf` slfzba! I zmf`` fuulnwu ub eizjbxls uml bsikia bh umlzlhfnb|z wmsfzlz, @f{ bh Afuibaz, @f{ bh Afu|sl, Lv|iuy, fae ub elulsnial mb{ uml

jbajlwuibaz {mijm umly iaeijful fsl sl`fule ub bal fabumls!Uml nbzu z|wlshijif` zu|elau bh Sbnfa mizubsy n|zu cl zus|jd cy uml l}usfbseiafsy

elksll ia {mijm uml hbsu|alz bh uml slw|cìj {lsl fhhljule cy uml wslzlajl bh hbslikalsz,|aels eihhlslau afnlz, ba mls zbi`! Uml jf|zlz bh umiz inniksfuiba fsl eizjlsaic`l lab|km fuf `fuls wlsibe, hbs {l jfa slfei`y |aelszufae {my nla bh f`` sfjlz zmb|è h`bjd ub umlnizuslzz bh uml {bsè4 c|u uml zfnl wmlabnlaba bh f `fskl wbw|`fuiba bh hbslikalsz faeelailaz nlluz |z ia uml xlsy lfsìlzu sljbsez bh uml Sbnfa Zuful! Ab eb|cu, uml iazufciìuybh zbjiluy ia fajilau Iuf`y, jbnwbzle fz iu {fz ia kslfu nlfz|sl bh sbccls usiclz, kfxl nlajbazielsfc`l iae|jlnlau ub `bjful umlnzl`xlz ia uml ulssiubsy bh fay jbnn|aiuy zusbak

lab|km ub wsbulju iuzl`h fae umln hsbn l}ulsaf` fuufjd, lxla umb|km wsbuljuiba zmb|è cl w|sjmfzle fu uml jbzu bh mlfxy uf}fuiba, wbìuijf` eizhsfajmizlnlau, fae n|jm zbjif`m|niìfuiba! Iu iz wsbcfc`l, mb{lxls, umfu umiz l}w`fafuiba iz inwlshlju, fae umfu iu jb|è ba`y cl jbnw`lule cy ufdiak iaub fjjb|au umbzl fjuixl jbnnlsjif` sl`fuibaz {mijm, umb|km umlyfsl ìuu`l slh`ljule ia uml niìufsy usfeiuibaz bh uml slw|cìj, Sbnl fwwlfsz jlsufia`y ub mfxlmfe {ium Jfsumfkl fae {ium uml iaulsibs bh Iuf`y ia wsl.mizubsij uinlz! [mfulxls {lsl umljisj|nzufajlz ub {mijm iu {fz fuusic|ufc`l, uml hbslika l`lnlau ia uml jbnnba{lfùmelulsniale uml {mb`l jb|szl bh iuz mizubsy, {mijm, fu f`` iuz zufklz, iz ìuu`l nbsl umfa fafssfuixl bh jbahìjuz clu{lla f zu|ccbsa afuibafìuy fae fa fìla wbw|`fuiba! Abumiak ìdl

umiz mfz clla zlla ia nbelsa uinlz4 ba uml bal mfae, cljf|zl nbelsa L|sbwlfajbnn|aiuilz mfxl zlèbn bs alxls sljlixle fay fjjlzziba bh hbslika inniksfauz {mijm {fz`fskl lab|km ub nfdl iuzl`h hlù cy uml c|`d bh uml afuixl jiuilaz, fae ba uml bumls, cljf|zlnbelsa zufulz, cliak mlè ubklumls cy f``lkifajl ub f diak bs wbìuijf` z|wlsibs, fczbscjbazielsfc`l cbeilz bh inniksfau zluu`lsz {ium f v|ijdalzz |adab{a ub uml fajilau {bsè,{mlsl uml bsikiaf` jiuilaz bh f jbnnba{lfùm f`{fyz clìlxle umlnzl`xlz ub cl |aiule cydiazmiw ia c`bbe, fae slzlaule f j`fin ub lv|fìuy bh wsixi`lkl fz f |z|swfuiba bh umlis cisumsikmu! Ia uml lfs`y Sbnfa slw|cìj uml wsiajiw`l bh uml fczb`|ul l}j`|ziba bh hbslikalsz wlsxfele uml Jixi` @f{ ab `lzz umfa uml jbazuiu|uiba! Uml fìla bs elaila jb|è mfxl abzmfsl ia fay iazuiu|uiba z|wwbzle ub cl jblxf` {ium uml Zuful! Ml jb|è abu mfxl uml clalhiu

bh V|isiufsifa `f{! Ml jb|è abu cl f wfsuy ub uml al}|n {mijm {fz fu bajl uml jbaxlyfajlfae uml jbausfju bh uml wsiniuixl Sbnfaz! Ml jb|è abu z|l cy uml Zfjsfnlauf` Fjuiba, fnbel bh ìuikfuiba bh {mijm uml bsikia nb|auz |w ub uml xlsy iahfajy bh jixiìzfuiba! Zui``,aliumls uml iaulslzu abs uml zlj|siuy bh Sbnl wlsniuule min ub cl v|iul b|u`f{le! F`` fajilaujbnn|aiuilz sfa uml sizd bh cliak bxlsumsb{a cy f xlsy zìkmu eizu|scfajl bh lv|iìcsi|n,fae uml nlsl iazuiaju bh zl`h.wslzlsxfuiba {b|è hbsjl uml Sbnfaz ub elxizl zbnl nlumbe bh



38

feo|zuiak uml sikmuz fae e|uilz bh hbslikalsz, {mb nikmu bumls{izl―fae umiz {fz f efakls bh slf` inwbsufajl ia uml fajilau {bsè―mfxl eljiele umlis jbausbxlszilz cy fsnle zusihl!Nbslbxls, fu ab wlsibe bh Sbnfa mizubsy {fz hbslika usfel lauisl`y alk`ljule! Iu {fzumlslhbsl wsbcfc`y mf`h fz f nlfz|sl bh wbìjl fae mf`h ia h|sumlsfajl bh jbnnlsjl umfu o|sizeijuiba {fz hiszu fzz|nle ia eizw|ulz ub {mijm uml wfsuilz {lsl liumls hbslikalsz bs fafuixl fae f hbslikals! Uml fzz|nwuiba bh z|jm f o|sizeijuiba csb|kmu {ium iu uml innleifulaljlzziuy bh eizjbxlsiak zbnl wsiajiw`lz ba {mijm uml v|lzuibaz ub cl feo|eijfule |wbajb|è cl zluu`le, fae uml wsiajiw`lz fwwìle ub umiz bcolju cy uml Sbnfa `f{ylsz {lsl

lnialau`y jmfsfjulsizuij bh uml uinl! Umly slh|zle, fz I mfxl zfie clhbsl, ub eljiel uml al{jfzlz cy w|sl Sbnfa Jixi` @f{! Umly slh|zle, ab eb|cu cljf|zl iu zllnle ub iaxb`xl zbnldiae bh elksfefuiba, ub fww`y uml `f{ bh uml wfsuij|`fs Zuful hsbn {mijm uml hbslika ìuikfaujfnl! Uml l}wleilau ub {mijm umly slzbsule {fz umfu bh zl`ljuiak uml s|`lz bh `f{ jbnnba ubSbnl fae ub uml eihhlslau Iufìfa jbnn|aiuilz ia {mijm uml inniksfauz {lsl cbsa! Ia bumls {bsez, umly zlu umlnzl`xlz ub hbsn f zyzuln faz{lsiak ub uml wsiniuixl fae ìulsf` nlfaiakbh O|z Klaui|n, umfu iz, @f{ jbnnba ub f`` Afuibaz! O|z Klaui|n {fz, ia hfju, uml z|n bh umljbnnba iaksleilauz ia uml j|zubnz bh uml bè Iufìfa usiclz, hbs umly {lsl f`` uml afuibaz{mbn uml Sbnfaz mfe uml nlfaz bh bczlsxiak, fae {mb zlau z|jjlzzixl z{fsnz bh inniksfauz ub Sbnfa zbi`! [mlalxls f wfsuij|`fs |zfkl {fz zlla ub cl wsfjuizle cy f `fskl

a|ncls bh zlwfsful sfjlz ia jbnnba iu {fz zlu eb{a fz wfsu bh uml @f{ jbnnba ub f`` Afuibaz, bs O|z Klaui|n! Um|z, fùmb|km uml jbaxlyfajl bh wsbwlsuy {fz jlsufia`yfjjbnwfaile cy xlsy eihhlslau hbsnz ia uml eihhlslau jbnnba{lfùmz z|ssb|aeiak Sbnl, umlfju|f` usfazhls, usfeiuiba, bs elìxlsy bh uml fsuij`l iaulaele ub cl jbaxlyle {fz f wfsu bh umljlslnbaif` ia f`` bh umln! Iu {fz, hbs iazufajl, f wfsu, umb|km f z|cbseiaful wfsu, ia umlNfajiwfuiba bs jbaxlyfajl wlj|ìfs ub Sbnl! Usfeiuiba, umlslhbsl, cliak ia f`` wsbcfciìuyuml ba`y jbnnba iaksleilau ia uml nbelz bh jbaxlyfajl {mijm uml o|sizjbaz|ùz mfe umlnlfaz bh bczlsxiak {fz zlu eb{a fz fa iazuiu|uiba O|siz Klaui|n, bs s|`l bh uml @f{jbnnba ub f`` Afuibaz! F xfzu a|ncls bh bumls bczlsxfajlz {lsl zjs|uiaizle {ium uml zfnl

slz|ù! Zbnl jbnnba jmfsfjulsizuij {fz eizjbxlsle ia f`` bh umln, {mijm mfe f jbnnbabcolju, fae umiz jmfsfjulsizuij {fz j`fzzle ia uml O|z Klaui|n! Uml O|z Klaui|n {fzfjjbseiak`y f jb``ljuiba bh s|`lz fae wsiajiw`lz, elulsniale cy bczlsxfuiba ub cl jbnnba ubuml iazuiu|uibaz {mijm wslxfi`le fnbak uml xfsib|z Iufìfa usiclz!

Uml jisj|nzufajlz bh uml bsikia bh uml O|z Klaui|n fsl wsbcfc`y f z|hhijilau zfhlk|fsefkfiazu uml nizufdl bh z|wwbziak umfu uml Sbnfa `f{ylsz mfe fay zwljif` slzwlju hbs iu! Iu{fz uml hs|iu ia wfsu bh umlis eizefia hbs f`` hbslika `f{, fae ia wfsu bh umlis eiziajìafuiba ubkixl uml hbslikals uml fexfaufkl bh umlis b{a iaeiklab|z O|z Jixi`l! Iu iz us|l umfu {l, fu uml wslzlau efy, zmb|è wsbcfc`y ufdl f xlsy eihhlslau xil{ bh uml O|z Klaui|n, ih {l {lsl

wlshbsniak uml bwlsfuiba {mijm {fz lhhljule cy uml Sbnfa o|sizjbaz|ùz! [l zmb|è fuufjmzbnl xfk|l z|wlsibsiuy bs wsljlelajl ub uml l`lnlau {mijm {l mfe um|z eizjlsale|aels`yiak fae wlsxfeiak zb kslfu f xfsiluy bh |zfkl! [l zmb|è mfxl f zbsu bh slzwlju hbs s|`lz fae wsiajiw`lz zb |aixlszf`! Wlsmfwz {l zmb|è zwlfd bh uml jbnnba iaksleilau fz cliak bh uml lzzlajl bh uml usfazfjuiba iaub {mijm iu laulsle, fae zmb|è zuiknfuizl umlslnfiaiak fwwfsfu|z bh jlslnbay, {mijm xfsile ia eihhlslau jbnn|aiuilz, fz fexlauiuib|z



3;

fae fjjielauf`! Bs iu nfy cl, {l zmb|è iahls umfu uml sfjlz {mijm {l {lsl jbnwfsiak fubajl bclyle f kslfu zyzuln bh jbnnba iazuiu|uibaz bh {mijm uml O|z Klaui|n {fz umlslwsbe|juiba, fae umfu uml jbnwìjfule |zfklz bh zlwfsful jbnnba{lfùmz {lsl ba`yjbss|wuibaz fae elwsfxfuibaz bh uml zinw`ls bseiafajlz {mijm mfe bajl slk|`fule umlis wsiniuixl zuful! C|u uml slz|ùz ub {mijm nbelsa ielfz jbae|ju uml bczlsxls fsl, fz alfs`y fz wbzzic`l, uml slxlszl bh umbzl {mijm {lsl iazuiajuixl`y csb|kmu mbnl ub uml wsiniuixlSbnfa! [mfu {l slzwlju bs fenisl, ml eizìdle bs slkfsele {ium olf`b|z eslfe! Uml wfsuz bh o|sizws|elajl {mijm ml `bbdle |wba {ium fhhljuiba {lsl l}fju`y umbzl {mijm f nbelsa

umlbsizu `lfxlz b|u bh jbazielsfuiba fz fjjielauf` fae usfaziubsy4 uml zb`lna klzu|slz bh umlnfajiwfuiba4 uml aijl`y feo|zule v|lzuibaz fae faz{lsz bh uml xlscf` jbausfju4 uml lae`lzzhbsnfìuilz bh w`lfeiak fae wsbjle|sl! Uml O|z Klaui|n {fz nlsl`y f zyzuln hbsjle ba mizfuulauiba cy f wbìuijf` aljlzziuy! Ml `bxle iu fz ìuu`l fz ml `bxle uml hbslikalsz hsbn {mbzliazuiu|uibaz iu {fz elsixle fae hbs {mbzl clalhiu iu {fz iaulaele! F jbnw`lul slxb`|uiba iamiz ielfz {fz slv|isle clhbsl iu jb|è jmf``lakl miz slzwlju, c|u zb jbnw`lul {fz iu {mla iueie bjj|s, umfu uml us|l slfzba {my b|s nbelsa lzuinful bh uml O|z Klaui|n eihhlsz hsbn umfu{mijm mfz o|zu clla elzjsicle, iz umfu cbum nbelsa o|sizws|elajl fae nbelsa wmi`bzbwmymfxl iamlsiule uml nfu|sle xil{z bh uml `fuls o|sizjbaz|ùz ba umiz z|colju! Umlsl eie jbnl fuinl {mla, hsbn fa ikabc`l fwwlaefkl bh uml O|z Jixi`l, uml O|z Klaui|n jfnl ub cl

jbazielsle f kslfu umb|km fz ylu inwlshlju`y elxl`bwle nbel` ub {mijm f`` `f{ b|kmu fz hfs fz wbzzic`l ub jbahbsn! Umiz jsiziz fssixle {mla uml Kslld umlbsy bh f @f{ bh Afu|sl {fzfwwìle ub uml wsfjuijf` Sbnfa feniaizusfuiba bh uml @f{ jbnnba ub f`` Afuibaz!

Uml O|z Afu|sf`l, bs @f{ bh Afu|sl, iz zinw`y uml O|z Klaui|n bs @f{ bh Afuibaz zllaia uml ìkmu bh f wlj|ìfs umlbsy! Fa |ahbsu|aful fuulnwu ub eizjsiniaful umln {fz nfel cyuml o|sizjbaz|ù \`wifa, {ium uml wsbwlaziuy ub eizuiak|izm jmfsfjulsizuij bh f `f{yls, c|u uml`fak|fkl bh Kfi|z, f n|jm mikmls f|umbsiuy, fae uml wfzzfkl v|bule clhbsl hsbn uml Iazuiu|ulz, `lfxl ab sbbn hbs eb|cu umfu uml l}wslzzibaz {lsl wsfjuijf``y jbaxlsuic`l Uml

eihhlslajl clu{lla umln {fz lauisl`y mizubsijf`, fae ab eizuiajuiba ia lzzlajl jb|è lxls cllzufcìzmle clu{lla umln! Iu iz f`nbzu |aaljlzzfsy ub fee umfu uml jbah|ziba clu{lla O|zKlaui|n, bs @f{ jbnnba ub f`` afuibaz, fae iaulsafuibaf` `f{ iz lauisl`y nbelsa! Umlj`fzzijf` l}wslzziba hbs iaulsafuibaf` `f{ iz O|z Hljif`l, bs uml `f{ bh alkbuifuiba faeeiw`bnfjy! Iu iz, mb{lxls, |av|lzuibafc`l umfu iaeizuiaju inwslzzibaz fz ub uml nlfaiak bh O|z Klaui|n mfe jbazielsfc`l zmfsl ia wsbe|jiak uml nbelsa umlbsy umfu uml sl`fuibaz bh iaelwlaelau zufulz fsl kbxlsale cy uml @f{ bh Afu|sl!

Iu cljbnlz aljlzzfsy ub iaxlzuikful uml Kslld jbajlwuibaz bh Afu|sl fae mls `f{! Uml{bse ψώϊισ, {mijm {fz slaelsle ia uml @fuia afu|sf fae b|s afu|sl, elabule clybae f`` eb|cu

bsikiaf``y uml nfulsif` |aixlszl jbaulnw`fule |aels fa fzwlju {mijm―z|jm iz b|s iaul``lju|f` eizufajl hsbn umbzl uinlz―iu iz abu xlsy lfzy ub elìalful ia nbelsa `fak|fkl! Afu|sl zikaihile uml wmyzijf` {bs e slkfsele fz uml slz|ù bh zbnl wsinbseif` l`lnlau bs `f{!Uml bèlzu Kslld wmi`bzbwmlsz mfxl clla fjj|zubnle ub l}w`fia uml hfcsij bh jslfuiba fz umlnfaihlzufuiba bh zbnl ziak`l wsiajiw`l {mijm umly xfsib|z`y fzzlsule ub cl nbxlnlau, hbsjl,hisl, nbizu|sl, bs klalsfuiba! Ia iuz zinw`lzu fae nbzu fajilau zlazl, Afu|sl iz wsljizl`y uml



3=

wmyzijf` |aixlszl `bbdle |wba ia umiz {fy fz uml nfaihlzufuiba bh f wsiajiw`l! Fhuls{fsez,uml `fuls Kslld zljuz, slu|saiak ub f wfum hsbn {mijm uml kslfulzu iaul``ljuz bh Kslljl mfenlfa{mi`l zusfyle, feele uml nbsf` ub uml wmyzijf` {bsè ia uml jbajlwuiba bh Afu|sl! Umlyl}ulaele uml ulsn ui`` iu lncsfjle abu nlsl`y uml xizic`l jslfuiba, c|u uml umb|kmuz,bczlsxfajlz, fae fzwisfuibaz bh nfadiae! Zui``, fz clhbsl, iu {fz abu zb`l`y uml nbsf` wmlabnlaf bh m|nfa zbjiluy {mijm umly |aelszubbe cy Afu|sl, c|u umlzl wmlabnlafjbazielsle fz slzb`xfc`l iaub zbnl klalsf` fae zinw`l `f{z!

Ab{, o|zu fz uml bèlzu Kslld umlbsizuz z|wwbzle umfu uml zwbsuz bh jmfajl mfe jmfakleuml nfulsif` |aixlszl hsbn iuz zinw`l wsiniuixl hbsn iaub iuz wslzlau mlulsbklalb|z jbaeiuiba,zb umlis iaul``lju|f` elzjlaefauz infkiale umfu c|u hbs |aub{fse fjjielau uml m|nfa sfjl{b|è mfxl jbahbsnle iuzl`h ub zinw`ls s|`lz bh jbae|ju fae f `lzz ulnwlzu|b|z ìhl! Ub ìxlfjjbseiak ub afu|sl jfnl ub cl jbazielsle fz uml lae hbs {mijm nfa {fz jslfule, fae {mijmuml clzu nla {lsl cb|ae ub jbnwfzz! Ub ìxl fjjbseiak ub afu|sl {fz ub sizl fcbxl umleizbsels`y mfciuz fae ksbzz iae|`klajlz bh uml x|`kfs ub mikmls `f{z bh fjuiba {mijm abumiak c|u zl`h.elaif` fae zl`h.jbnnfae {b|è lafc`l uml fzwisfau ub bczlsxl! Iu iz abubsib|z umfuumiz wsbwbziuiba―ìxl fjjbseiak ub afu|sl―{fz uml z|n bh uml ulaluz bh uml hfnb|z Zubij wmi`bzbwmy! Ab{ ba uml z|co|kfuiba bh Kslljl umfu wmi`bzbwmy nfel iazufaufalb|z wsbkslzz

ia Sbnfa zbjiluy! Iu wbzzlzzle afu|sf` hfzjiafuibaz hbs uml wb{lsh|` j`fzz {mb, ia umlbsy fu`lfzu, femlsle ub uml zinw`l mfciuz bh uml fajilau Iufìfa sfjl, fae eizefiale ub z|sslaels umlnzl`xlz ub uml iaabxfuibaz bh hbslika hfzmiba! Z|jm wlszbaz clkfa innleiful`y ub fhhljuuml Zubij wsljlwuz bh ìhl fjjbseiak ub afu|sl―fa fhhljufuiba f`` uml nbsl ksfulh|`, fae, Infy fee, f`` uml nbsl abc`l, hsbn iuz jbausfzu {ium uml |acb|aele wsbhìkfjy {mijm {fz cliak eihh|zle umsb|km uml inwlsif` jiuy cy uml wi``fkl bh uml {bsè fae cy uml l}fnw`l bh iuznbzu `|}|sib|z sfjlz! Ia uml hsbau bh uml eizjiw`lz bh uml al{ Kslld zjmbb`, {l nikmu cl z|sl,lxla ih {l eie abu dab{ iu mizubsijf``y umfu uml Sbnfa `f{ylsz hik|sle! [l mfxl fc|aefau wsbbh umfu, umlsl cliak z|czufauif``y c|u u{b wsbhlzzibaz ia uml Sbnfa slw|cìj, uml niìufsy

nla {lsl klalsf``y ielauihile {ium uml wfsuy bh nbxlnlau, c|u uml `f{ylsz {lsl |aixlszf``yfu uml mlfe bh uml wfsuy bh slzizufajl!

Uml f`ìfajl bh uml `f{ylsz {ium uml Zubij wmi`bzbwmlsz `fzule umsb|km nfay jlau|silz!Zbnl bh uml lfsìlzu afnlz ia uml zlsilz bh slab{ale o|siz jbaz|ùz fsl fzzbjifule {iumZubijizn, fae |ùinful`y {l mfxl uml kbèla fkl bh Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl hi}le cy klalsf`jbazlau fu uml lsf bh uml Faubaial Jèzfsz, uml nbzu hfnb|z eizjiw`lz ub {mbn umfu wmi`bzbwmy mfz kixla f s|`l bh ihl! Uml `bak eihh|ziba bh umlzl ebjusialz fnbak uml nlnclszbh f wfsuij|`fs wsbhlzziba {fz z|sl ub fhhlju uml fsu {mijm umly wsfjuizle fae iah`|lajle!Zlxlsf` wbziuibaz {mijm {l hiae ia uml slnfiaz bh uml Sbnfa o|sizjbaz|ùz fsl zjfsjl`y

iaul`ìkic`l |a`lzz {l |zl uml Zubij ulaluz fz b|s dly4 c|u fu uml zfnl uinl iu iz f zlsib|z,umb|km f xlsy jbnnba, lssbs ub nlfz|sl uml iah`|lajl bh Zubijizn ba Sbnfa `f{ cyjb|auiak |w uml a|ncls bh `lkf` s|`lz {mijm jfa cl jbahielau`y fhhiìfule ba Zubijf` ebknfz!Iu mfz bhula clla bczlsxle umfu uml zuslakum bh Zubijizn slziele abu ia iuz jfabaz bh jbae|ju,{mijm {lsl bhula slw|`zixl fae sieij|`b|z, c|u ia uml kslfu umb|km xfk|l wsiajiw`l {mijm iuiaj|`jfule bh slzizufajl ub wfzziba! O|zu ia uml zfnl {fy uml iah`|lajl ba o|sizws|elajl bh



39

uml Kslld umlbsilz, {mijm mfe umlis nbzu eizuiaju l}wslzziba ia Zubijizn, jbazizule abu ia umla|ncls bh zwljihij wbziuibaz {mijm umly jbausic|ule ub Sbnfa `f{, c|u ia uml ziak`lh|aefnlauf` fzz|nwuiba {mijm umly `lau ub iu! Fhuls Afu|sl mfe cljbnl f mb|zlmbè {bse iauml nb|umz bh uml Sbnfaz, uml clìlh ksfe|f``y wslxfi`le fnbak uml Sbnfa `f{ylsz umfu umlbè O|z Klaui|n {fz ia hfju uml `bzu jbel bh Afu|sl, fae umfu uml Wsèubs ia hsfniak faLeijuf` o|sizws|elajl ba uml wsiajiw`lz bh uml O|z Klaui|n {fz ksfe|f``y slzubsiak f uywlhsbn {mijm `f{ mfe ba`y elwfsule ub elulsibsful! Uml iahlslajl hsbn umiz clìlh {fzinnleiful umfu iu {fz uml Wsèubs’z e|uy ub z|wlszlel uml Jixi` @f{ fz n|jm fz wbzzic`l cy

uml Leiju, ub slxixl fz hfs fz nikmu cl uml iazuiu|uibaz cy {mijm Afu|sl mfe kbxlsale nfa iauml wsiniuixl zuful! Bh jb|szl umlsl {lsl nfay inwleinlauz ub uml fnlìbsfuiba bh `f{ cyumiz fklajy! Umlsl nfy mfxl clla wslo|eijlz ub bxlsjbnl lxla ia uml `lkf` wsbhlzziba iuzl`h,fae Sbnfa mfciuz {lsl hfs ubb ulafjib|z ub kixl {fy fu bajl ub nlsl wmi`bzbwmijf` umlbsy!Uml iaeislju nlumbez cy {mijm uml Leiju jbncfule jlsufia uljmaijf` fabnfìlz, zmb{ umljf|uiba {mijm iuz f|umbsz {lsl jbnwl``le ub bczlsxl, fae eb{a ub uml xlsy efyz bh O|zuiaifaumlsl {fz zbnl wfsu bh uml bè `f{ {mijm mfe bczuiaful`y slzizule iuz iah`|lajl! C|u ba uml{mb`l, uml wsbkslzz bh uml Sbnfaz ia `lkf` inwsbxlnlau {fz fzubaizmiak`y sfwie fz zbba fzzuin|`|z {fz fwwìle ub iu cy uml umlbsy bh Afu|sf` @f{! Uml ielfz bh zinwìhijfuiba faeklalsfìfuiba mfe f`{fyz clla fzzbjifule {ium uml jbajlwuiba bh Afu|sl4 zinwìjiuy,

zynnlusy, fae iaul`ìkiciìuy jfnl umlslhbsl ub cl slkfsele fz uml jmfsfjulsizuijz bh f kbbe`lkf` zyzuln, fae uml ufzul hbs iaxb`xle `fak|fkl, n|ùiwìle jlslnbaif`z, fae |zl`lzzeihhij|ùilz eizfwwlfsle fùbklumls! Uml zusbak {i`` fae |a|z|f` bwwbsu|aiuilz bh O|zuiaifa{lsl allele ub csiak uml Sbnfa `f{ ub iuz l}izuiak zmfwl, c|u uml ksb|ae w`fa bh uml zyzulnmfe clla zdlujmle `bak clhbsl uml inwlsif` slhbsnz {lsl lhhljule!

[mfu {fz uml l}fju wbiau bh jbaufju clu{lla uml bè O|z Klaui|n fae uml @f{ bh Afu|sl2 I umiad umfu umly ub|jm fae c`lae umsb|km Èv|iufz, bs Lv|iuy ia iuz bsikiaf` zlazl4fae mlsl {l zlln ub jbnl ub uml hiszu fwwlfsfajl ia o|sizws|elajl bh umiz hfnb|z ulsn,

Lv|iuy! Ia l}fniaiak fa l}wslzziba {mijm mfz zb slnbul fa bsikia fae zb `bak f mizubsy fzumiz, iu iz f`{fyz zfhlzu ub wlalusful, ih wbzzic`l, ub uml zinw`l nlufwmbs bs hik|sl {mijm fuhiszu zmfeb{le hbsum uml jbajlwuiba! Iu mfz klalsf``y clla z|wwbzle umfu Èv|iufz iz umllv|ixf`lau bh uml Kslld ιϊπυλσ, i! l! uml wsiajiw`l bh lv|f` bs wsbwbsuibaful eizusic|uiba! Umllv|f` eixiziba bh a|nclsz bs wmyzijf` nfkaiu|elz iz eb|cu`lzz j`bzl`y lau{iale {ium b|s wlsjlwuibaz bh o|zuijl4 umlsl fsl hl{ fzzbjifuibaz {mijm dllw umlis ksb|ae ia uml niae zbzu|ccbsa`y bs fsl eiznizzle hsbn iu {ium z|jm eihhij|ùy cy uml ellwlzu umiadlsz! Ylu iausfjiak uml mizubsy bh umiz fzzbjifuiba, iu jlsufia`y eblz abu zlln ub mfxl z|kklzule iuzl`h ubxlsy lfs`y umb|kmu, c|u iz sfumls uml bhhzwsiak bh f jbnwfsfuixl`y `ful wmi`bzbwmy! Iu izslnfsdfc`l ubb umfu uml ‐lv|fìuy„ bh `f{z ba {mijm uml Kslld elnbjsfjilz wsiele

umlnzl`xlz―umfu lv|fìuy {mijm, ia uml clf|uih|` esiadiak zbak bh Jf`ìzusfu|z, Mfsnbei|zfae Fsizubkiuba fsl zfie ub mfxl kixla ub Fumlaz―mfe ìuu`l ia jbnnba {ium uml ‐lv|iuy„ bh uml Sbnfaz! Uml hiszu {fz fa lv|f` feniaizusfuiba bh jixi` `f{z fnbak uml jiuilaz, mb{lxls ìniule uml j`fzz bh jiuilaz nikmu cl4 uml `fzu inwìle uml fwwìjfciìuy bh f `f{, {mijm {fzabu jixi` `f{, ub f j`fzz {mijm eie abu aljlzzfsi`y jbazizu bh jiuilaz! Uml hiszu l}j`|ele felzwbu4 uml `fzu iaj`|ele hbslikalsz, fae hbs zbnl w|swbzlz z`fxlz! Ba uml {mb`l, I zmb|è cl



:6

Zbnlumiak n|zu cl zfie bh uml hbsnf` iazus|nlaufìuy cy {mijm uml wsiajiw`lz faeeizuiajuibaz fzzbjifule, hiszu {ium uml @f{ jbnnba ub f`` Afuibaz, fae fhuls{fsez {ium uml@f{ bh Afu|sl, {lsl ksfe|f``y iajbswbsfule {ium uml Sbnfa `f{! Fu uml jsiziz bh wsiniuixlSbnfa mizubsy {mijm iz nfsdle cy uml l}w|`ziba bh uml Ufsv|iaz, f jmfakl bjj|ssle {mijmmfz iuz wfsf``l` ia uml lfs`y faaf`z bh nfay fajilau zufulz, c|u {mijm mfe ìuu`l ia jbnnba{ium umbzl wfzzfklz bh wbìuijf` fhhfisz {mijm {l ab{ ulsn slxb`|uibaz! Iu nfy clzu clelzjsicle cy zfyiak umfu uml nbafsjmy {fz w|u iaub jbnnizziba! Uml wb{lsz mlslubhbslfjj|n|`fule ia uml mfaez bh f ziak`l wlszba {lsl wfsjl``le b|u fnbak f a|ncls bh l`ljuixl

h|ajuibafsilz, uml xlsy afnl bh uml diak`y bhhijl cliak slufiale fae inwbzle ba f wlszbafkldab{a z|czlv|lau`y fz uml Sl} Zfjsbs|n bs Sl} Zfjsihij|`|z! Fz wfsu bh uml jmfakl, umlzluu`le e|uilz bh uml z|wslnl o|eijif` bhhijl elxb`xle ba uml Wsèubs, fu uml uinl uml hiszuh|ajuibafsy ia uml jbnnba{lfùm, fae ubklumls {ium umlzl e|uilz {fz usfazhlssle uml|aelhiale z|wslnfjy bxls `f{ fae `lkiz`fuiba {mijm f`{fyz fuufjmle ub fajilau zbxlslikazfae {mijm iz abu bczj|sl`y sl`fule ub uml wfusifsjmf` fae mlsbij f|umbsiuy umly mfe bajllaobyle! Uml jisj|nzufajlz bh Sbnl kfxl kslfu inwbsufajl ub uml nbsl iaelhiaiul wbsuiba bh uml h|ajuibaz um|z usfazhlssle, fz {ium uml lzufcìzmnlau bh uml slw|cìj clkfa umfu zlsilz bh slj|sslau usif`z {mijm bxlsubbd uml zuful, ia uml eihhij|ùy bh elfìak {ium f n|ùiu|el bh wlszbaz {mb, abu jbniak {iumia uml uljmaijf` elzjsiwuiba bh iaeiklab|z Sbnfaz {lsl

alxlsuml`lzz wlsnfalau`y `bjfule {iumia Sbnfa o|sizeijuiba! Jbausbxlszilz clu{lla z|jm wlszbaz, bs clu{lla z|jm wlszbaz fae afuixl cbsa jiuilaz, jb|è mfxl slnfiale {iumb|u uml wf`l bh uml slnleilz wsbxiele cy Sbnfa `f{, ih uml Wsèubs mfe abu |aelsufdla ub eljielumln, fae ml n|zu zbba mfxl feeslzzle minzl`h ub uml nbsl jsiuijf` eizw|ulz {mijm ia umll}ulaziba bh jbnnlsjl fsbzl clu{lla Sbnfa z|coljuz fae fxb{le hbslikalsz! Uml kslfuiajslfzl bh z|jm jfzlz ia uml Sbnfa Jb|suz fcb|u uml wlsibe bh uml hiszu W|aij [fs iz nfsdle cy uml fwwbiaunlau bh f zwljif` Wsèubs, dab{a z|czlv|lau`y fz uml Wsèubs Wlslksia|z, {mbkfxl umln miz |aeixiele fuulauiba! Nlfauinl, bal wsljf|uiba bh uml Sbnfa wlbw`l fkfiazuuml slxixf` bh bwwslzziba, mfe jbazizule ia bcìkiak lxlsy nfkizusful {mbzl e|uilz mfe fay

ulaelajy ub l}wfae umlis zwmlsl, ub w|cìzm, ba jbnnlajiak miz ylfs bh bhhijl, fa Leiju bs wsbj`fnfuiba, ia {mijm ml elj`fsle uml nfaals ia {mijm ml iaulaele ub feniaizuls mizelwfsunlau! Uml Wsèubs hl`` |aels uml s|`l {ium bumls nfkizusfulz4 c|u fz iu {fz aljlzzfsi`yinwbzzic`l ub jbazus|ju lfjm ylfs f zlwfsful zyzuln bh wsiajiw`lz, ml zllnz ub mfxl slk|`fs`yslw|cìzmle miz wsleljlzzbs’z Leiju {ium z|jm feeiuibaz fae jmfaklz fz uml l}iklajy bh umlnbnlau bs miz b{a xil{z bh uml `f{ jbnwl``le min ub iausbe|jl! Uml Wsèubs’z wsbj`fnfuiba, um|z `lakumlale cy f al{ wbsuiba lxlsy ylfs, bcufiale uml afnl bh umlLeiju|n Wlswlu||n, umfu iz, uml jbauia|b|z bs |acsbdla leiju! Uml innlazl `lakum ub {mijmiu l}ulaele, ubklumls wlsmfwz {ium zbnl eizufzul hbs iuz aljlzzfsi`y eizbsels y ul}u|sl, jf|zleuml wsfjuijl bh iajslfziak iu ub cl zubwwle ia uml ylfs bh Zf`xi|z O|ìfa|z, {mb bjj|wile uml

nfkizusfjy ia uml slika bh uml Lnwlsbs Mfesifa! Uml leiju bh umfu Wsèubs lncsfjle umlslhbsluml {mb`l cbey bh lv|iuy o|sizws|elajl, {mijm iu wsbcfc`y eizwbzle ia al{ fae zynnlusijf`bsels, fae uml wlswlu|f` leiju iz umlslhbsl bhula jiule ia Sbnfa `f{ nlsl`y fz uml Leiju bh O|ìfa|z!



:3

Wlsmfwz uml hiszu iav|isy {mijm bjj|sz ub fa Lakìzmnfa {mb jbazielsz uml wlj|ìfs nljmfaizn bh uml Leiju iz, {mfu {lsl uml ìniufuibaz cy {mijm umlzl l}ulazixl wb{lsz bh umlWsèubs {lsl slzusfiale2 Mb{ {fz f|umbsiuy zb ìuu`l elhiaiul ub cl sljbaji`le {ium f zluu`lejbaeiuiba bh zbjiluy fae `f{2 Uml faz{ls jfa ba`y cl z|wwìle cy jfslh|` bczlsxfuiba bh umljbaeiuibaz |aels {mijm b|s b{a Lakìzm `f{ iz feniaizulsle! Uml Wsèubs, iu zmb|è clsljb``ljule, {fz f o|sizjbaz|ù minzl`h, bs f wlszba lauisl`y ia uml mfaez bh fexizlsz {mb{lsl o|sizjbaz|ùz, fae iu iz wsbcfc`l umfu lxlsy Sbnfa `f{yls {fiule inwfuilau`y hbs umluinl {mla ml zmb|è hi`` bs jbausb` uml kslfu o|eijif` nfkizusfjy! Ia uml iaulsxf`, miz ufzulz,

hllìakz, wslo|eijlz, fae elksll bh laìkmulanlau {lsl ialxiufc`y umbzl bh miz b{a bsels, faeuml v|fìhijfuibaz {mijm ml |ùinful`y csb|kmu ub bhhijl {lsl umbzl {mijm ml mfe fjv|isle iauml wsfjuijl fae zu|ey bh miz wsbhlzziba! Fa Lakìzm Jmfajl``bs kblz umsb|km wsljizl`y umlzfnl usfiaiak, fae jfssilz ub uml {bb`zfjd uml zfnl v|fìhijfuibaz! Iu iz jlsufia {mla mlfzz|nlz bhhijl umfu ml {i`` mfxl, ub zbnl l}ulau, nbeihile uml `f{ clhbsl ml `lfxlz iu4 c|u|aui` ml mfz v|iuule miz zlfu, fae uml zlsilz bh miz eljizibaz ia uml @f{ Slwbsuz mfz cllajbnw`lule, {l jfaabu eizjbxls mb{ hfs ml mfz l`|jiefule bs feele ub uml wsiajiw`lz {mijmmiz wsleljlzzbsz clv|lfumle ub min! Uml iah`|lajl bh uml Wsèubs ba Sbnfa o|sizws|elajleihhlsle ba`y ia slzwlju bh uml wlsibe fu {mijm iuz fnb|au {fz fzjlsufiale! Fz {fz clhbslzufule, ml {fz ia bhhijl c|u hbs f ylfs, fae miz eljizibaz slaelsle e|siak miz ylfs, umb|km bh

jb|szl isslxlszic`l fz slkfsele uml ìuikfauz, {lsl bh ab |ùlsibs xf`|l! Uml nbzu afu|sf`nbnlau hbs elj`fsiak uml jmfaklz ml wsbwbzle ub lhhlju, bjj|ssle umlslhbsl fu miz lausfajlba uml wsèubszmiw4 fae mlajl, {mla jbnnlajiak miz e|uilz, ml eie bwla`y fae fxb{le`y umfu{mijm ia uml lae miz Lakìzm slwslzlaufuixl eblz iazlazic`y fae zbnluinlz |ajbazjib|z`y!Uml jmljdz ba miz fwwfslau ìclsuy fsl wsljizl`y umbzl inwbzle ba fa Lakìzm o|ekl!Umlbsluijf``y umlsl zllnz ub cl mfse`y fay ìniu ub uml wb{lsz bh liumls bh umln, c|u wsfjuijf``y uml Sbnfa Wsèubs, ab `lzz umfa uml Lakìzm Jmfajl``bs, {fz dlwu {iumia umlafssb{lzu cb|aez cy uml wslwbzzlzzibaz incicle hsbn lfs`y usfiaiak, fae cy uml zusbakslzusfiauz bh wsbhlzzibaf` bwiaiba, slzusfiauz bh {mijm uml zusiaklajy jfa ba`y cl fwwsljifule

cy umbzl {mb mfxl wlszbaf``y l}wlsilajle umln! Iu nfy cl feele umfu uml ìalz {iumia {mijmnbxlnlau iz wlsniuule, fae clybae {mijm umlsl iz ub cl ab usfxl`ìak {lsl jmf`dle {ium fzn|jm eizuiajualzz ia uml bal jfzl fz ia uml bumls! Ia Lak`fae uml o|ekl hb``b{z uml faf`bkilzbh slwbsule eljizibaz ba iaz|`fule ksb|wz bh hfjuz! Fu Sbnl, fz uml iaulsxlauiba bh uml Wsèubs {fz fu hiszu eijufule cy zinw`l jbajlsa hbs uml zfhluy bh uml zuful, iu iz ìdl`y umfu ia umllfsìlzu uinlz iu {fz wsbwbsuibale ub uml eihhij|ùy {mijm iu fuulnwule ub klu sie bh!Fhuls{fsez, {mla uml ufzul hbs wsiajiw`l mfe clla eihh|zle cy uml Slzwbazlz, ml ab eb|cu|zle uml Leiju fz uml nlfaz bh kixiak f {iels fwwìjfuiba ub umbzl h|aefnlauf` wsiajiw`lz{mijm ml fae uml bumls wsfjuiziak o|sizjbaz|ùz, miz jbaulnwbsfsilz, clìlxle umlnzl`xlz ubmfxl eluljule |aels`yiak uml `f{! @fuuls`y ml fjule {mb``y |aels uml iah`|lajl bh Kslld

wmi`bzbwmijf` umlbsilz, {mijm fu bajl ulnwule min ub fexfajl fae jbahiale min ub f wfsuij|`fs jb|szl bh wsbkslzz!

Uml afu|sl bh uml nlfz|slz fuusic|ule ub Zf`xi|z O|ìfa|z mfz clla n|jm eizw|ule![mfulxls umly {lsl, umlis lhhljuz ba uml Leiju fsl z|hhijilau`y w`fia! Iu jlfzle ub cl l}ulaele cy faa|f` feeiuibaz, fae mlajlhbs{fse uml lv|iuy o|sizws|elajl bh Sbnl {fz elxl`bwle cy



::

uml `fcb|sz bh f z|jjlzziba bh kslfu o|sizjbaz|ùz {mb hi`` {ium umlis {siuiakz uml iaulsxf` clu{lla uml slika bh Mfesifa fae uml slika bh F`l}faels Zlxls|z! F hsfknlau bh uml{baelsh|` zyzuln {mijm umly c|iù |w z|sxixlz ia uml Wfaeljuz bh O|zuiaifa, fae z|wwìlzlxielajl umfu umlis {bsdz ubbd uml hbsn bh uslfuizlz ba f`` wfsuz bh Sbnfa `f{, c|u jmilh`yumfu bh jbnnlaufsilz ba uml Leiju! Iaelle, {mfulxls cl uml innleiful z|colju bh f o|sizjbaz|ù bh umiz lwbjm, ml nfy f`{fyz cl jf``le fa l}wbziubs bh Lv|iuy! Uml wsiajiw`lz bh uml Leiju mfe, clhbsl uml lwbjm bh iuz jlzzfuiba, nfel umlis {fy iaub lxlsy wfsu bh Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl! Uml Lv|iuy bh Sbnl, iu zmb|è cl |aelszubbe, lxla {mla nbzu eizuiaju hsbn

uml Jixi` @f{, {fz f`{fyz feniaizulsle cy uml zfnl usic|af`z! Uml Wsèubs {fz uml jmilh lv|iuy o|ekl fz {l`` fz uml kslfu jbnnba `f{ nfkizusful, fae fz zbba fz uml Leiju mfelxb`xle fa lv|iufc`l s|`l uml Wsèubs’z jb|su clkfa ub fww`y iu ia w`fjl bh bs cy uml ziel bh umlbè s|`l bh uml Jixi` @f{, {mijm {fz um|z eislju`y bs iaeislju`y slwlf`le {iumb|u fay l}wslzzlafjunlau bh uml `lkiz`fu|sl! Uml slz|ù, bh jb|szl, hl`` jbazielsfc`y zmbsu bh f jbnw`lulh|ziba bh `f{ fae lv|iuy, {mijm {fz abu jfssile b|u ui`` uml slhbsnz bh O|zuiaifa! Umluljmaijf` zlxlsfajl bh uml u{b l`lnlauz bh o|sizws|elajl laufi`le zbnl jbah|ziba fae zbnliajbaxlailajl, fae umlsl {lsl jlsufia bh uml zu|ccbsals ebjusialz bh uml Jixi` @f{ {ium{mijm aliumls uml f|umbsz abs uml l}wbziubsz bh uml Leiju mfe xlau|sle ub iaulshlsl! C|u fu umlzfnl uinl umlsl {fz ab jbsals bh uml hilè bh o|sizws|elajl {mijm {fz abu nbsl bs `lzz

z{lwu bxls cy uml iah`|lajl bh Lv|iuy! Iu z|wwìle uml o|sizu {ium f`` miz nfulsif`z hbs klalsfìzfuiba, {ium f`` miz nlumbez bh iaulswslufuiba, {ium miz l`|jiefuibaz bh hiszu wsiajiw`lz,fae {ium umfu kslfu nfzz bh ìniuiak s|`lz {mijm fsl sfsl`y iaulshlsle {ium cy uml `lkiz`fubs, c|u {mijm zlsib|z`y jbausb` uml fwwìjfuiba bh lxlsy `lkiz`fuixl fju!

Uml wlsibe bh o|sizuz laez {ium F`l}faels Zlxls|z! Hsbn Mfesifa ub umfu lnwlsbs umlinwsbxlnlau bh `f{ {fz jfssile ba, fz iu iz fu uml wslzlau nbnlau ia nbzu jbauialauf`jb|ausilz, wfsu`y cy fwwsbxle jbnnlaufsilz fae wfsu`y cy eislju `lkiz`fuiba! C|u ia uml slikabh F`l}faels Zlxls|z uml wb{ls bh ksb{um ia Sbnfa Lv|iuy zllnz ub cl l}mf|zule, fae uml

z|jjlzziba bh o|sizjbaz|ùz jbnlz ub f j`bzl! Uml slnfiaiak mizubsy bh uml Sbnfa `f{ iz umlmizubsy bh uml inwlsif` jbazuiu|uibaz, fae, fu uml `fzu, bh fuulnwuz ub jbeihy {mfu mfe ab{ cljbnl uml |a{ilèy cbey bh Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl! [l mfxl uml `fulzu fae nbzu jl`lcsfulel}wlsinlau bh umiz diae ia uml Jbsw|z O|siz bh O|zuiaifa!

Iu {b|è cl {lfsizbnl ub lauls ba f elufi`le jbnwfsizba bs jbausfzu bh Lakìzm faeSbnfa Lv|iuy4 c|u iu nfy cl {bsum {mi`l ub nlauiba u{b hlfu|slz {mijm umly mfxl iajbnnba! Uml hiszu nfy cl zufule fz hb``b{z! Lfjm bh umln ulaele, fae f`` z|jm zyzulnz ulae,ub l}fju`y uml zfnl zuful ia {mijm uml bè jbnnba `f{ {fz {mla Lv|iuy hiszu iaulshlsle {iumiu! F uinl f`{fyz jbnlz fu {mijm uml nbsf` wsiajiw`lz bsikiaf``y febwule mfxl clla jfssile

b|u ub f`` umlis `lkiuinful jbazlv|lajlz fae umla uml zyzuln hb|aele ba umln cljbnlz fzsikie, fz |al}wfazixl, fae fz ìfc`l ub hf`` clmiae nbsf` wsbkslzz fz uml zulsalzu jbel bh s|`lzfxb{le`y `lkf`! Z|jm fa lwbjm {fz slfjmle fu Sbnl ia uml slika bh F`l}faels Zlxls|z4 fhuls {mijm, umb|km uml {mb`l Sbnfa {bsè {fz |aelskbiak f nbsf` slxb`|uiba, uml Lv|iuy bh Sbnl jlfzle ub l}wfae! Uml zfnl wbiau bh `lkf` mizubsy {fz fuufiale ia Lak`fae |aels umljmfajl``bszmiw bh @bse Lèba uml hiszu bh b|s lv|iuy o|eklz {mb, iazulfe bh la`fskiak uml



:5

o|sizws|elajl bh miz jb|su cy iaeislju `lkiz`fuiba, elxbule minzl`h umsb|km ìhl ub l}w`fiaiakfae mfsnbaiziak iu! Ih uml wmi`bzbwmy bh `lkf` mizubsy {lsl cluuls |aelszubbe ia Lak`fae,@bse Lèba’z zlsxijlz {b|è cl `lzz l}fkklsfule ba uml bal mfae fae cluuls fwwsljifule bauml bumls umfa umly fwwlfs ub cl fnbak jbaulnwbsfsy `f{ylsz! Bumls nizfwwslmlazibaz ubb,{mijm clfs zbnl wsfjuijf` hs|iu, {b|è wlsmfwz cl fxbiele! Iu iz lfzi`y zlla cy Lakìzm`f{ylsz umfu Lakìzm Lv|iuy iz f zyzuln hb|aele ba nbsf` s|`lz4 c|u iu iz hbskbuula umfu umlzls|`lz fsl uml nbsfìuy bh wfzu jlau|silz―abu bh uml wslzlau―umfu umly mfxl sljlixle alfs`yfz n|jm fwwìjfuiba fz umly fsl jfwfc`l bh, fae umfu, umb|km bh jb|szl umly eb abu eihhls

`fskl`y hsbn uml lumijf` jslle bh b|s b{a efy, umly fsl abu aljlzzfsi`y ba f `lxl` {ium iu! Umlinwlshlju umlbsilz bh uml z|colju {mijm fsl jbnnba`y febwule mfxl klalsfule lssbsz bh bwwbziul zbsuz! Nfay {siulsz bh uslfuizlz ba Lv|iuy, zus|jd {ium uml jbnw`lulalzz bh umlzyzuln ia iuz wslzlau zuful, jbnniu umlnzl`xlz l}wslzz`y bs inwìjiu`y ub uml wfsfeb}ijf`fzzlsuiba umfu uml hb|aelsz bh uml jmfajlsy o|sizws|elajl jbaulnw`fule iuz wslzlau hi}iuy bh hbsn {mla umly {lsl zluuìak iuz hiszu cfzlz! Bumlsz, fkfia, jbnw`fia―fae umiz iz f ksilxfajlhslv|lau`y bczlsxle |wba ia hbslazij fsk|nlauz―umfu uml nbsf` s|`lz lahbsjle cy uml Jb|subh Jmfajlsy hf`` zmbsu bh uml lumijf` zufaefse bh uml wslzlau efy! Umly {b|è mfxl lfjm @bseJmfajl``bs wlshbsn wsljizl`y uml zfnl bhhijl hbs uml o|sizws|elajl {mijm ml hiaez slfey ubmiz mfae, {mijm {fz wlshbsnle hbs uml bè jbnnba `f{ cy uml hfumlsz bh Lakìzm lv|iuy! C|u

umiz iz ub iaxlsu uml bsels bh uml fklajilz cy {mijm uml inwsbxlnlau bh uml `f{ iz jfssile ba!Lv|iuy mfz iuz w`fjl fae iuz uinl4 c|u I mfxl wbiaule b|u umfu fabumls iazus|nlaufìuy iz slfeyub z|jjlle iu {mla iuz lalskilz fsl zwlau!

Fabumls slnfsdfc`l jmfsfjulsizuij bh cbum Lakìzm fae Sbnfa Lv|iuy iz uml hf`zlmbbebh uml fzz|nwuibaz |wba {mijm uml j`fin bh uml lv|iufc`l ub z|wlsibsiuy bxls uml `lkf` s|`l izbsikiaf``y elhlaele! Abumiak iz nbsl eizufzulh|` ub nla, liumls fz iaeixie|f`z bs fz nfzzlz,umfa uml fenizziba bh umlis nbsf` wsbkslzz fz f z|czufauixl slfìuy! Umiz |a{i`ìakalzz zmb{ziuzl`h, fz slkfsez iaeixie|f`z, ia uml l}fkklsfule slzwlju {mijm iz bseiafsi`y wfie ub uml

eb|cuh|` xisu|l bh jbazizulajy! Uml nbxlnlau bh uml jb``ljuixl bwiaiba bh f {mb`l zbjiluy izubb wf`wfc`l ub cl ikabsle, fae iz klalsf``y ubb xizic`y hbs uml cluuls ub cl eljsile4 c|u umlsliz uml kslfulzu eiziajìafuiba ub fjjlwu iu fz f wsinfsy wmlabnlaba, fae iu iz jbnnba`yl}w`fiale fz uml sljbxlsy bh f `bzu wlshljuiba―uml ksfe|f` slu|sa ub f zuful hsbn {mijm umlsfjl mfe `fwzle! Umiz ulaelajy ub `bbd cfjd{fse iazulfe bh hbs{fse hbs uml kbf` bh nbsf` wsbkslzz wsbe|jle fajilau`y, fz {l mfxl zlla, ba Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl lhhljuz uml nbzuzlsib|z fae wlsnfalau! Uml Sbnfa o|sizjbaz|ùz, ia bsels ub fjjb|au hbs uml inwsbxlnlau bh umlis o|sizws|elajl cy uml Wsèubs, cbssb{le hsbn Kslljl uml ebjusial bh f Afu|sf` zuful bh nfa―f Afu|sf` zbjiluy―faulsibs ub uml bskfaifuiba bh jbnnba{lfùmz kbxlsale cy wbziuixl `f{z! Ia Lak`fae, ba uml bumls mfae, f sfakl bh ielfz lzwljif``y jbaklaif` ub

Lakìzmnla bh umfu efy, l}w`fiale uml j`fin bh Lv|iuy ub bxlssiel uml jbnnba `f{ cyz|wwbziak f klalsf` sikmu ub z|wlsiaulae uml feniaizusfuiba bh o|zuijl {mijm {fz fzz|nle ub cl xlzule ia uml diak fz f afu|sf` slz|ù bh miz wfulsaf` f|umbsiuy! Uml zfnl xil{ fwwlfsz ia feihhlslau fae v|fiauls hbsn ia uml bè ebjusial umfu Lv|iuy h`b{le hsbn uml diak’zjbazjilajl―uml inwsbxlnlau {mijm mfe ia hfju ufdla w`fjl ia uml nbsf` zufaefse bh umljbnn|aiuy cliak um|z slhlssle ub fa iamlslau l`lxfuiba ia uml nbsf` zlazl bh uml zbxlslika!



:<

Uml ksb{um bh uml Lakìzm jbazuiu|uiba slaelsle z|jm f umlbsy |awf`fufc`l fhuls f uinl4 c|u,fz uml o|siz, eijuiba bh uml Jmfajlsy {fz umla hisn`y lzufcìzmle, iu {fz abu {bsum {mi`l ubelxizl fay hbsnf` z|czuiu|ul hbs iu! Uml umlbsilz hb|ae ia nbelsa nfa|f`z bh Lv|iuy fsl xlsyxfsib|z, c|u f`` fìdl ia umlis |aulafciìuy! Nbzu bh umln fsl nbeihijfuibaz bh uml Sbnfaebjusial bh f afu|sf` `f{, {mijm iz iaelle febwule ia ulsnz cy umbzl {siulsz {mb clkia feizj|zziba bh uml o|sizeijuiba bh uml Jb|su bh Jmfajlsy cy `fyiak eb{a f eizuiajuiba clu{llaafu|sf` o|zuijl fae jixi`!



:8

JMFWULS IX! UML NBELSA MIZUBSY BH UML @F[ BH AFU\SL!Iu {i`` cl iahlssle hsbn {mfu mfz clla zfie umfu uml umlbsy {mijm usfazhbsnle uml

Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl mfe ab j`fin ub wmi`bzbwmijf` wsljiziba! Iu iaxb`xle, ia hfju, bal bh umbzl ‐ni}le nbelz bh umb|kmu„ {mijm fsl ab{ fjdab{`lekle ub mfxl jmfsfjulsile f`` c|uuml mikmlzu niaez e|siak uml iahfajy bh zwlj|`fuiba, fae {mijm fsl hfs hsbn |aeizjbxlsfc`llxla ia uml nlauf` lhhbsuz bh b|s b{a efy! Uml @f{ bh Afu|sl jbah|zle uml Wfzu fae umlWslzlau! @bkijf``y, iu inwìle f zuful bh Afu|sl {mijm mfe bajl clla slk|`fule cy afu|sf``f{4 ylu uml o|sizjbaz|ùz eb abu zwlfd j`lfs`y bs jbahielau`y bh uml l}izulajl bh z|jm f zuful,{mijm iaelle iz ìuu`l abuijle cy uml fajilauz l}jlwu {mlsl iu hiaez f wbluijf` l}wslzziba ia

uml hfajy bh f kbèla fkl! Afu|sf` `f{, hbs f`` wsfjuijf` w|swbzlz, {fz zbnlumiak cl`bakiakub uml wslzlau, zbnlumiak lau{iale {ium l}izuiak iazuiu|uibaz, zbnlumiak {mijm jb|è cleizuiak|izmle hsbn umln cy f jbnwlulau bczlsxls! Uml ulzu {mijm zlwfsfule uml bseiafajlzbh Afu|sl hsbn uml ksbzz iaksleilauz {ium {mijm umly {lsl niak`le {fz f zlazl bh zinwìjiuyfae mfsnbay4 ylu iu {fz abu ba fjjb|au bh umlis zinwìjiuy fae mfsnbay umfu umlzl hials l`lnlauz {lsl wsinfsi`y slzwljule, c|u ba uml zjbsl bh umlis elzjlau hsbn uml fcbsikiaf`slika bh Afu|sl! Umiz jbah|ziba mfz abu clla z|jjlzzh|``y l}w`fiale f{fy cy uml nbelsaeizjiw`lz bh uml o|sizjbaz|ùz, fae ia us|um nbelsa zwlj|`fuibaz ba uml @f{ bh Afu|sl clusfyn|jm nbsl iaeizuiajualzz bh wlsjlwuiba fae fsl xiuifule cy n|jm nbsl mbwl`lzz fncik|iuy

bh `fak|fkl umfa uml Sbnfa `f{ylsz jfa cl o|zu`y jmfskle {ium! Umlsl fsl zbnl {siulsz bauml z|colju {mb fuulnwu ub lxfel uml h|aefnlauf` eihhij|ùy cy jbaulaeiak umfu uml jbel bh Afu|sl l}izuz ia uml h|u|sl fae iz uml kbf` ub {mijm f`` jixi` `f{z fsl nbxiak, c|u umiz iz ubslxlszl uml fzz|nwuibaz ba {mijm uml bè umlbsy slzule, bs sfumls wlsmfwz ub ni} ubklumls u{b iajbazizulau umlbsilz! Uml ulaelajy ub `bbd abu ub uml wfzu c|u ub uml h|u|sl hbs uywlz bh wlshljuiba {fz csb|kmu iaub uml {bsè cy Jmsizuifaiuy! Fajilau ìulsfu|sl kixlz hl{ bs abmiauz bh f clìlh umfu uml wsbkslzz bh zbjiluy iz aljlzzfsi`y hsbn {bszl ub cluuls!

C|u uml inwbsufajl bh umiz umlbsy ub nfadiae mfz clla xlsy n|jm kslfuls umfa iuz wmi`bzbwmijf` elhijilajilz {b|è `lfe |z ub l}wlju! Iaelle, iu iz abu lfzy ub zfy {mfu u|sa uml

mizubsy bh umb|kmu, fae umlslhbsl, bh uml m|nfa sfjl, {b|è mfxl ufdla, ih uml clìlh ia f `f{afu|sf` mfe abu cljbnl |aixlszf` ia uml fajilau {bsè!

Umlsl fsl u{b zwljif` efaklsz ub {mijm `f{ fae zbjiluy {mijm iz mlè ubklumls cy `f{,fwwlfs ub cl ìfc`l ia umlis iahfajy! Bal bh umln iz umfu `f{ nfy cl ubb sfwie`y elxl`bwle!Umiz bjj|ssle {ium uml jbelz bh uml nbsl wsbkslzzixl Kslld jbnn|aiuilz, {mijm



:;

eizlncfssfzzle umlnzl`xlz {ium fzubaizmiak hfjiìuy hsbn j|ncsb|z hbsnz bh wsbjle|sl faealle`lzz ulsnz bh fsu, fae zbba jlfzle ub fuufjm fay z|wlszuiuib|z xf`|l ub sikie s|`lz fae wslzjsiwuibaz! Iu {fz abu hbs uml |ùinful fexfaufkl bh nfadiae umfu umly eie zb, umb|km umlinnleiful clalhiu jbahlssle ba umlis jiuilaz nfy mfxl clla jbazielsfc`l! Bal bh uml sfslzuv|fìuilz bh afuibaf` jmfsfjuls iz uml jfwfjiuy hbs fww`yiak fae {bsdiak b|u uml `f{, fz z|jm,fu uml jbzu bh jbazufau nizjfssifklz bh fczusfju o|zuijl, {iumb|u fu uml zfnl uinl `bziak umlmbwl bs uml {izm umfu `f{ nfy cl jbahbsnle ub f mikmls ielf`! Uml Kslld iaul``lju, {ium f`ìuz abciìuy fae l`fzuijiuy, {fz v|iul |afc`l ub jbahial iuzl`h {iumia uml zusfiu {fizujbfu bh f

`lkf` hbsn|`f4 fae, ih {l nfy o|ekl umln cy uml wbw|`fs jb|suz bh Fumlaz, bh {mbzl {bsdiak{l wbzzlzz fjj|sful dab{`lekl, uml Kslld usic|af`z l}miciule uml zusbaklzu ulaelajy ubjbahb|ae `f{ fae hfju! Uml slnfiaz bh uml Bsfubsz fae uml hbslazij jbnnbaw`fjlz wslzlsxle cy Fsizubu`l ia miz Uslfuizl ba Smlubsij, zmb{ umfu v|lzuibaz bh w|sl `f{ {lsl jbazufau`yfsk|le ba lxlsy jbazielsfuiba {mijm jb|è wbzzic`y iah`|lajl uml niae bh uml o|eklz! Abe|sfc`l zyzuln bh o|sizws|elajl jb|è cl wsbe|jle ia umiz {fy! F jbnn|aiuy {mijm alxls mlziufule ub sl`f} s|`lz bh {siuula `f{ {mlalxls umly zubbe ia uml {fy bh fa ielf``y wlshljueljiziba ba uml hfjuz bh wfsuij|`fs jfzlz, {b|è ba`y, ih iu clv|lfumle fay cbey bh o|eijif` wsiajiw`lz ub wbzulsiuy, clv|lfum bal jbazizuiak bh uml ielfz bh sikmu fae {sbak {mijmmfwwlale ub cl wslxf`lau fu uml uinl! Z|jm o|sizws|elajl {b|è jbaufia ab hsfnl{bsd ub

{mijm uml nbsl fexfajle jbajlwuibaz bh z|czlv|lau fklz jb|è cl hiuule! Iu {b|è fnb|au fu clzu ub f wmi`bzbwmy, nfsdle {ium uml inwlshljuibaz bh uml jixiìzfuiba |aels {mijm iu ksl{|w!

Hl{ afuibaf` zbjiluilz mfxl mfe umlis o|sizws|elajl nlafjle cy umiz wlj|ìfs efakls bh wsljbjib|z nfu|siuy fae |auinl`y eiziaulksfuiba! Iu iz jlsufia`y eb|cuh|` {mlumls umlSbnfaz {lsl lxls zlsib|z`y umslfulale cy iu, c|u fu fay sful umly mfe felv|ful wsbuljuiba iaumlis umlbsy bh Afu|sf` @f{! Hbs uml Afu|sf` @f{ bh uml o|sizjbaz|ùz {fz eizuiaju`yjbajlixle cy umln fz f zyzuln {mijm b|kmu ksfe|f``y ub fczbsc jixi` `f{z, {iumb|u

z|wlszleiak umln zb `bak fz umly slnfiale |aslwlf`le! Umlsl {fz ab z|jm inwslzziba bh iuzzfajuiuy fcsbfe, umfu fa fwwlf` ub iu {b|è cl ìdl`y ub bxlswb{ls uml niae bh f o|ekl {mb{fz jmfskle {ium uml z|wlsiaulaelajl bh f wfsuij|`fs ìuikfuiba! Uml xf`|l faezlsxijlfc`lalzz bh uml jbajlwuiba fsbzl hsbn iuz dllwiak clhbsl uml nlauf` xiziba f uywl bh wlshlju `f{, fae hsbn iuz iazwisiak uml mbwl bh fa iaelhiaiul fwwsb}infuiba ub iu, fu uml zfnluinl umfu iu alxls ulnwule uml wsfjuiuibals bs uml jiuila ub elay uml bcìkfuiba bh l}izuiak`f{z {mijm mfe abu ylu clla feo|zule ub uml umlbsy! Iu iz inwbsufau ubb ub bczlsxl umfu umiznbel` zyzuln, |aìdl nfay bh umbzl {mijm mfxl nbjdle nla’z mbwlz ia `fuls efyz, {fz abulauisl`y uml wsbe|ju bh infkiafuiba! Iu {fz alxls umb|kmu bh fz hb|aele ba v|iul |aulzule wsiajiw`lz! Uml abuiba {fz umfu iu |aels`fy l}izuiak `f{ fae n|zu cl `bbdle hbs umsb|km iu! Iuz

h|ajuibaz {lsl ia zmbsu slnleif`, abu slxb`|uibafsy bs fafsjmijf`! Fae umiz, |ahbsu|aful`y, izuml l}fju wbiau fu {mijm uml nbelsa xil{ bh f @f{ bh Afu|sl mfz bhula jlfzle ub slzlnc`luml fajilau!

Uml bumls ìfciìuy ub {mijm uml iahfajy bh zbjiluy iz l}wbzle mfz wslxlaule bs fsslzuleuml wsbkslzz bh hfs uml kslfuls wfsu bh nfadiae! Uml sikieiuy bh wsiniuixl `f{, fsiziak jmilh`y



:=

hsbn iuz lfs`y fzzbjifuiba fae ielauihijfuiba {ium slìkiba, mfz jmfiale eb{a uml nfzz bh umlm|nfa sfjl ub umbzl xil{z bh ìhl fae jbae|ju {mijm umly laulsufiale fu uml uinl {mla umlis |zfklz {lsl hiszu jbazbìefule iaub f zyzulnfuij hbsn! Umlsl {lsl bal bs u{b sfjlz l}lnwule cy f nfsxl``b|z hful hsbn umiz jf`fniuy, fae ksfhuz hsbn umlzl zubjdz mfxl hlsuiìzle f hl{nbelsa zbjiluilz4 c|u iu iz zui`` us|l umfu, bxls uml `fskls wfsu bh uml {bsè, uml wlshljuiba bh `f{ mfz f`{fyz clla jbazielsle fz jbazizuiak ia femlslajl ub uml ksb|ae w`fa z|wwbzle ubmfxl clla nfsdle b|u cy uml bsikiaf` `lkiz`fubs! Ih iaul``lju mfz ia z|jm jfzlz clla l}lsjizleba o|sizws|elajl, iu mfz |aihbsn`y wsiele iuzl`h ba uml z|cu`l wlsxlsziuy bh uml jbaj`|zibaz iu

jb|è c|iè ba fajilau ul}uz, {iumb|u eizjbxlsfc`l elwfsu|sl hsbn umlis ìulsf` ulabs! I dab{ab slfzba {my uml `f{ bh uml Sbnfaz zmb|è cl z|wlsibs ub uml `f{z bh uml Miaebbz, |a`lzzuml umlbsy bh Afu|sf` @f{ mfe kixla iu f uywl bh l}jl``lajl eihhlslau hsbn uml |z|f` bal! Iaumiz bal l}jlwuibaf` iazufajl, zinwìjiuy fae zynnlusy {lsl dlwu clhbsl uml lylz bh fzbjiluy {mbzl iah`|lajl ba nfadiae {fz elzuiale ub cl wsbeikib|z hsbn bumls jf|zlz, fz umljmfsfjulsizuijz bh fa ielf` fae fczb`|ul`y wlshlju `f{! Iu iz inwbzzic`l ub bxlssful umlinwbsufajl ub f afuiba bs wsbhlzziba bh mfxiak f eizuiaju bcolju ub fin fu ia uml w|sz|iu bh inwsbxlnlau! Uml zljslu bh Claumfn’z innlazl iah`|lajl ia Lak`fae e|siak uml wfzu umisuyylfsz iz miz z|jjlzz ia w`fjiak z|jm fa bcolju clhbsl uml jb|ausy! Ml kfxl |z f j`lfs s|`l bh slhbsn! Lakìzm `f{ylsz bh uml `fzu jlau|sy {lsl wsbcfc`y ubb fj|ul ub cl cìaele cy uml

wfsfeb}ijf` jbnnbaw`fjl umfu Lakìzm `f{ {fz uml wlshljuiba bh m|nfa slfzba, c|u umlyfjule fz ih umly clìlxle iu, hbs {fau bh fay bumls wsiajiw`l ub wsbjlle |wba! Claumfn nfeluml kbbe bh uml jbnn|aiuy ufdl wsljlelajl bh lxlsy bumls bcolju, fae um|z kfxl lzjfwl ub fj|sslau {mijm mfe `bak clla usyiak ub hiae iuz {fy b|u{fsez!

Iu iz abu fa fùbklumls hfajih|` jbnwfsizba ih {l jf`` uml fzz|nwuibaz {l mfxl cllaelzjsiciak uml fajilau jb|aulswfsu bh Claumfnizn! Uml Sbnfa umlbsy k|iele nla’z lhhbsuzia uml zfnl eisljuiba fz uml umlbsy w|u iaub zmfwl cy uml Lakìzmnfa4 iuz wsfjuijf` slz|ùz{lsl abu {iel`y eihhlslau hsbn umbzl {mijm {b|è mfxl clla fuufiale cy f zlju bh `f{.

slhbsnlsz {mb nfiaufiale f zulfey w|sz|iu bh uml klalsf` kbbe bh uml jbnn|aiuy! Iu {b|è cl f nizufdl, mb{lxls, ub z|wwbzl iu f jbazjib|z fauijiwfuiba bh Claumfn’z wsiajiw`lz! Umlmfwwialzz bh nfadiae iz, ab eb|cu, zbnluinlz fzzikale cbum ia uml wbw|`fs fae ia uml `lkf`ìulsfu|sl bh uml Sbnfaz, fz uml wsbwls bcolju bh slnleif` `lkiz`fuiba, c|u iu iz xlsyslnfsdfc`l mb{ hl{ fae hfiau fsl uml ulzuinbailz ub umiz wsiajiw`l jbnwfsle {ium uml usic|ulz{mijm fsl jbazufau`y bhhlsle ub uml bxlszmfeb{iak j`finz bh uml @f{ bh Afu|sl! Iu {fz abu ubfayumiak slzlncìak wmi`faumsbwy, c|u ub umlis zlazl bh zinwìjiuy fae mfsnbay―bh {mfuumly zikaihijfau`y ulsnle ‐l`lkfajl„―umfu uml Sbnfa o|sizjbaz|ùz hsll`y z|sslaelsleumlnzl`xlz! Uml jbiajielajl bh umlis `fcb|sz {ium umbzl {mijm f nbsl wsljizl wmi`bzbwmy{b|è mfxl jb|azl``le mfz clla wfsu bh uml kbbe hbsu|al bh nfadiae!

U|saiak ub uml nbelsa mizubsy bh uml `f{ bh afu|sl, {l hiae iu lfzils ub jbaxiajlb|szl`xlz bh uml xfzualzz bh iuz iah`|lajl umfa ub wsbab|ajl jbahielau`y {mlumls umfuiah`|lajl mfz clla l}lsule hbs kbbe bs hbs lxi`! Uml ebjusialz fae iazuiu|uibaz {mijm nfy clfuusic|ule ub iu fsl uml nfulsif` bh zbnl bh uml nbzu xib`lau jbausbxlszilz elcfule ia b|s uinl,fz {i`` cl zlla {mla iu iz zufule umfu uml umlbsy bh Afu|sf` @f{ iz uml zb|sjl bh f`nbzu f`` uml



:9

zwljif` ielfz fz ub `f{, wbìuijz, fae zbjiluy {mijm Hsfajl e|siak uml `fzu m|aesle ylfsz mfz clla uml iazus|nlau bh eihh|ziak bxls uml {lzulsa {bsè! Uml wfsu w`fyle cy o|sizuz ia Hslajmmizubsy, fae uml zwmlsl bh o|sf` jbajlwuibaz ia Hslajm umb|kmu, mfxl f`{fyz clla slnfsdfc`y`fskl! Iu {fz abu iaelle ia Hsfajl, c|u ia Iuf`y, umfu uml o|sieijf` zjilajl bh nbelsa L|sbwlubbd iuz sizl, c|u bh uml zjmbb`z hb|aele cy lnizzfsilz bh uml Iufìfa |aixlsziuilz ia f`` wfsuz bh uml jbauialau, fae fuulnwule -umb|km xfia`y) ub cl zlu |w ia b|s iz`fae, umfu lzufcìzmle iaHsfajl wsbe|jle uml kslfulzu lhhlju ba uml hbs u|alz bh uml jb|ausy! Uml `f{ylsz bh Hsfajlinnleiful`y hbsnle f zusiju f`ìfajl {ium uml diakz bh uml mb|zlz bh Jfwlu fae Xf`biz, fae iu

{fz fz n|jm umsb|km umlis fzzlsuibaz bh sbyf` wslsbkfuixl, fae umsb|km umlis iaulswslufuibazbh uml s|`lz bh hl|ef` z|jjlzziba fz cy uml wb{ls bh uml z{bse, umfu uml Hslajm nbafsjmy fu`fzu ksl{ ubklumls b|u bh uml fkk`bnlsfuiba bh wsbxiajlz fae elwlaelajilz! Uml labsnb|zfexfaufkl {mijm umlis |aelszufaeiak {ium uml `f{ylsz jbahlssle ba uml Hslajm diakz ia uml wsbzlj|uiba bh umlis zus|kk`l {ium uml kslfu hl|efubsilz, uml fsizubjsfjy, fae uml jm|sjm, jfaba`y cl fwwsljifule ih {l ufdl iaub fjjb|au uml ielfz {mijm wslxfi`le ia L|sbwl hfs eb{aiaub uml niee`l fklz Umlsl {fz, ia uml hiszu w`fjl, f kslfu laum|zifzn hbs klalsfìzfuiba fae fj|sib|z fenisfuiba hbs f`` klalsf` wsbwbziuibaz, fae jbazlv|lau`y, ia uml hilè bh `f{, faiaxb`|aufsy slxlslajl hbs lxlsy klalsf` hbsn|`f {mijm zllnle ub lncsfjl fae z|n |w fa|ncls bh uml iaz|`fule s|`lz {mijm {lsl wsfjuizle fz |zfklz ia xfsib|z `bjfìuilz! Z|jm

klalsf` hbsn|`fz iu {fz, bh jb|szl, abu eihhij|ù hbs wsfjuiuibalsz hfniìfs {ium uml Jbsw|zO|siz bs uml K`bzzlz ub z|ww`y ia f`nbzu fay v|fauiuy! Umlsl {fz, mb{lxls, fabumls jf|zl{mijm feele ylu nbsl jbazielsfc`y ub uml `f{ylsz’ wb{ls! Fu uml wlsibe bh {mijm {l fslzwlfdiak, umlsl {fz |aixlszf` xfk|lalzz bh ielfz fz ub uml elksll fae afu|sl bh uml f|umbsiuyslzieiak ia {siuula ul}uz bh `f{! Hbs uml nbzu wfsu, uml wlslnwubsy wslhfjl, Iuf zjsiwu|n lzu,zllnz ub mfxl clla z|hhijilau ub zi`lajl f`` bcoljuibaz! [mlsl f niae bh b|s b{a efy {b|è olf`b|z`y zjs|uiaizl uml hbsn|`f {mijm mfe clla v|bule, {b|è iav|isl iuz zb|sjl, fae {b|è-ih aljlzzfsy) elay umfu uml cbey bh `f{ ub {mijm iu cl`bakle mfe fay f|umbsiuy ub z|wlszlel`bjf` j|zubnz, uml lèls o|sizu {b|è abu wsbcfc`y mfxl xlau|sle ub eb nbsl umfa v|lzuiba

uml fwwìjfciìuy bh uml s|`l, bs fu clzu jiul zbnl jb|auls.wsbwbziuiba hsbn uml Wfaeljuz bs umlJfaba @f{! Iu iz l}uslnl`y aljlzzfsy ub clfs ia niae uml |ajlsufiauy bh nla’z abuibaz baumiz nbzu inwbsufau ziel bh o|sieijf` jbausbxlszilz, abu ba`y cljf|zl iu ml`wz ub l}w`fia uml{likmu {mijm uml `f{ylsz umsl{ iaub uml nbafsjmijf` zjf`l, c|u ba fjjb|au bh uml ìkmu {mijmiu zmlez ba zlxlsf` j|sib|z mizubsijf` wsbc`lnz! Uml nbuixlz bh uml f|umbs bh uml HbskleEljsluf`z fae miz l}usfbseiafsy z|jjlzz fsl slaelsle nbsl iaul`ìkic`l cy iu! Fae, ub ufdl f wmlabnlaba bh znf``ls iaulslzu, iu fzzizuz |z, umb|km ba`y wfsuif``y ub |aelszufae uml w`fkifsiznz bh Csfjuba! Umfu fa Lakìzm {siuls bh uml uinl bh Mlasy III! zmb|è mfxl cllafc`l ub w|u bhh ba miz jb|ausynla fz f jbnwlaei|n bh w|sl Lakìzm `f{ f uslfuizl bh {mijmuml lauisl hbsn fae f umise bh uml jbaulauz {lsl eislju`y cbssb{le hsbn uml Jbsw|z O|siz, fae

umfu ml zmb|è mfxl xlau|sle ba umiz l}wlsinlau ia f jb|ausy {mlsl uml zyzulnfuij zu|ey bh uml Sbnfa `f{ {fz hbsnf``y wsbzjsicle, {i`` f`{fyz cl fnbak uml nbzu mbwl`lzz laiknfz iauml mizubsy bh o|sizws|elajl4 c|u zui`` iu iz zbnlumiak ub `lzzla b|s z|swsizl {mla {ljbnwslmlae uml zuful bh bwiaiba fu uml wlsibe fz ub uml bcìkfubsy hbsjl bh {siuula ul}uz, fwfsuhsbn f`` jbazielsfuiba bh uml zb|sjl {mlajl umly {lsl elsixle!



57

[mla uml diakz bh Hsfajl mfe csb|kmu umlis `bak zus|kk`l hbs z|wslnfjy ub fz|jjlzzh|` j`bzl, fa lwbjm {mijm nfy cl w`fjle sb|km`y fu uml fjjlzziba bh uml csfajm bh Xf`biz.Fakb|`ïnl ub uml umsbal, uml ziu|fuiba bh uml Hslajm o|sizuz {fz wlj|ìfs, faejbauia|le ub cl zb eb{a ub uml b|ucslfd bh uml slxb`|uiba! Ba uml bal mfae, umly hbsnle uml clzu iazus|jule fae alfs`y uml nbzu wb{lsh|` j`fzz ia uml afuiba! Umly mfe nfel kbbe umlis hbbuiak fz f wsixi`lkle bsels cy uml ziel bh uml hl|ef` fsizubjsfjy, fae umly mfe fzz|sle umlis iah`|lajl cy fa bskfaizfuiba {mijm eizusic|ule umlis wsbhlzziba bxls Hsfajl ia kslfujmfsulsle jbswbsfuibaz wbzzlzziak `fskl elhiale wb{lsz fae zui`` `fskls iaelhiaiul j`finz! Ia

f`` uml v|fìuilz bh uml fexbjful, uml o|ekl, fae uml `lkiz`fubs, umly hfs l}jl``le umlis jbnwllsz umsb|kmb|u L|sbwl! Umlis o|sieijf` ufju, umlis lfzl bh l}wslzziba, umlis hial zlazl bh faf`bky fae mfsnbay, fae -ih umly nfy cl o|ekle cy uml mikmlzu afnlz fnbak umln) umlis wfzzibaful elxbuiba ub umlis jbajlwuibaz bh o|zuijl, {lsl fz slnfsdfc`l fz uml ziak|`fs xfsiluy bh uf`lau {mijm umly iaj`|ele, f xfsiluy jbxlsiak uml {mb`l ksb|ae clu{lla umlbwwbziul wb`lz bh J|ofz fae Nbaulzv|il|, bh E’Fk|lzzlf| fae E|nb|ìa! C|u, ba uml bumls mfae, uml zyzuln bh `f{z {mijm umly mfe ub feniaizuls zubbe ia zusidiak jbausfzu {ium umlmfciuz bh niae {mijm umly mfe j|ùixfule! Uml Hsfajl {mijm mfe clla ia kslfu wfsujbazuiu|ule cy umlis lhhbsuz {fz zniuula {ium uml j|szl bh fa fabnf`b|z fae eizzbafau o|sizws|elajl clybae lxlsy bumls jb|ausy ia L|sbwl! Bal kslfu eixiziba sfa umsb|km uml

jb|ausy fae zlwfsfule iu iaub Wfyz e| Esbiu Ljsiu fae Wfyz e| Esbiu Jb|u|nils, uml hiszufjdab{`lekiak uml {siuula Sbnfa `f{ fz uml cfziz bh umlis o|sizws|elajl, uml `fzu feniuuiakiu ba`y zb hfs fz iu z|wwìle klalsf` hbsnz bh l}wslzziba, fae jb|szlz bh o|sieijf` slfzbaiak,{mijm {lsl sljbaji`lfc`l {ium uml `bjf` |zfklz! Uml zljuibaz um|z hbsnle {lsl fkfiaxfsib|z`y z|ceixiele! Ia uml Wfyz e| Esbiu Jb|u|nils wsbxiajl eihhlsle hsbn wsbxiajl,jb|auy hsbn jb|auy, n|aijiwfìuy hsbn n|aijiwfìuy, ia uml afu|sl bh iuz j|zubnz! Ia uml Wfyze| Esbiu Ljsiu uml zusfu|n bh hl|ef` s|`lz {mijm bxls`fy uml Sbnfa `f{ {fz bh uml nbzunizjl``falb|z jbnwbziuiba! Ab z|jm jbah|ziba fz umiz lxls l}izule ia Lak`fae! Ia Klsnfayiu eie l}izu, c|u {fz ubb n|jm ia mfsnbay {ium uml ellw wbìuijf` fae slìkib|z eixizibaz bh

uml jb|ausy ub cl `fnlaule bs lxla hlù! Iu {fz uml zwljif` wlj|ìfsiuy bh Hsfajl umfu fal}usfbseiafsy eixlsziuy bh `f{z jbauia|le {iumb|u zlazic`l fùlsfuiba {mi`l uml jlausf`f|umbsiuy bh uml nbafsjmy {fz jbazufau`y zuslakumlaiak iuzl`h, {mi`l sfwie fwwsbfjmlz {lsl cliak nfel ub jbnw`lul feniaizusfuixl |aiuy, fae {mi`l f hlsxie afuibaf` zwisiu mfe cllaelxl`bwle fnbak uml wlbw`l! Uml jbausfzu {fz bal {mijm hs|juihile ia nfay zlsib|z slz|ùz,fae fnbak umln {l n|zu sfad uml lhhlju {mijm iu wsbe|jle ba uml niaez bh uml Hslajm`f{ylsz! Umlis zwlj|`fuixl bwiaibaz fae umlis iaul``lju|f` cifz {lsl ia uml zusbaklzubwwbziuiba ub umlis iaulslzuz fae wsbhlzzibaf` mfciuz! [ium uml dllalzu zlazl fae uml h|``lzusljbkaiuiba bh umbzl wlshljuibaz bh o|sizws|elajl {mijm jbazizu ia zinwìjiuy fae |aihbsniuy,umly clìlxle, bs zllnle ub clìlxl, umfu uml xijlz {mijm fju|f``y iaxlzule Hslajm `f{ {lsl

ialsfeijfc`l4 fae ia wsfjuijl umly bhula slzizule uml slhbsnfuiba bh fc|zlz {ium fa bczuiafjy{mijm {fz abu zmb{a cy nfay fnbak umlis `lzz laìkmulale jb|ausynla! C|u umlsl {fz f{fy ub sljbaji`l umlzl jbausfeijuibaz! Umly cljfnl wfzzibaful laum|zifzuz hbs Afu|sf` @f{!Uml @f{ bh Afu|sl bxls`lfwu f`` wsbxiajif` fae n|aijiwf` cb|aefsilz4 iu eizslkfsele f`èizuiajuibaz clu{lla abc`l fae c|sklzz, clu{lla c|sklzz fae wlfzfau4 iu kfxl uml nbzul}fùle w`fjl ub `|jieiuy, zinwìjiuy, fae zyzuln4 c|u iu jbnniuule iuz elxbullz ub ab zwljihij



56

inwsbxlnlau, fae eie abu eislju`y umslfula fay xlalsfc`l bs `|jsfuixl uljmaijfìuy! Afu|sf``f{ nfy cl zfie ub mfxl cljbnl uml jbnnba `f{ bh Hsfajl, bs, fu f`` lxlauz, uml fenizzibabh iuz eikaiuy fae j`finz {fz uml bal ulalu {mijm f`` Hslajm wsfjuiuibalsz fìdl z|czjsicle ub!Uml `fak|fkl bh uml wsè.slxb`|uibafsy o|sizuz ia iuz l|`bky iz ziak|`fs`y |av|fìhile, fae iu izslnfsdfc`l umfu uml {siulsz ba uml J|zubnz, {mb bhula nfel iu umlis e|uy ub zwlfd eizwfsfkiak`y bh uml w|sl Sbnfa `f{, zwlfd lxla nbsl hlsxie`y bh Afu|sl fae mls s|`lz umfauml jixiìfaz {mb wsbhlzzle fa l}j`|zixl slzwlju hbs uml Eiklzu fae uml Jbel! E|nb|ìa, umlmikmlzu bh f`` f|umbsiuilz ba bè Hslajm J|zubnfsy @f{, mfz zbnl l}usfxfkfau wfzzfklz ba

uml @f{ bh Afu|sl4 fae miz wfalkysijz mfxl f wlj|ìfs smlubsijf` u|sa {mijm iaeijfulz fjbazielsfc`l elwfsu|sl hsbn uml jf|uiba bh uml Sbnfa o|sizjbaz|ùz! Uml mywbumlziz bh f Afu|sf` @f{ mfe cljbnl abu zb n|jm f umlbsy k|ieiak wsfjuijl fz fa fsuij`l bh zwlj|`fuixlhfium fae fjjbseiak`y {l zmf`` hiae umfu, ia uml usfazhbsnfuiba {mijm iu nbsl sljlau`y|aels{lau, iuz {lfdlzu wfsuz sbzl ub uml `lxl` bh iuz zusbaklzu ia uml lzulln bh iuz z|wwbsulsz!

Uml likmullaum jlau|sy {fz mf`h bxls {mla uml nbzu jsiuijf` wlsibe ia uml mizubsy bh Afu|sf` @f{ {fz slfjmle! Mfe uml eizj|zziba bh uml umlbsy fae bh iuz jbazlv|lajlzjbauia|le ub cl l}j`|zixl`y uml lnw`bynlau bh uml `lkf` wsbhlzziba, umlsl {b|è wbzzic`ymfxl clla fa fcfulnlau bh uml slzwlju {mijm iu jbnnfaele4 hbs cy umiz uinl uml Lzwsiu elz

@biz mfe fwwlfsle! Clfsiak ia zbnl l}fkklsfuibaz uml nfsdz bh uml l}jlzzixl xib`lajl {ium{mijm iuz f|umbs’z niae mfe sljbi`le hsbn fzz|nwuibaz |z|f``y z|hhlsle ub wfzz {iumb|uzjs|uiay, ylu zmb{iak ia zbnl fncik|iuilz uml usfjlz bh f elzisl ub jbnwsbnizl {ium l}izuiak wslo|eijl, uml cbbd bh Nbaulzv|il|, {ium f`` iuz elhljuz, zui`` wsbjllele ba umfu Mizubsijf`Nlumbe clhbsl {mijm uml @f{ bh Afu|sl mfz alxls nfiaufiale iuz hbbuiak hbs fa iazufau! Iuziah`|lajl ba umb|kmu b|kmu ub mfxl clla fz kslfu fz iuz klalsf` wbw|`fsiuy4 c|u, ia hfju, iu {fzalxls f``b{le uinl ub w|u iu hbsum, hbs uml jb|auls.mywbumlziz {mijm iu zllnle elzuiale ubelzusby wfzzle z|eela`y hsbn uml hbs|n ub uml zusllu, fae cljfnl uml dly.abul bh jbausbxlszilz hfs nbsl l}jiuiak umfa fsl lxls fkiufule ia uml jb|suz bs uml zjmbb`z! Uml wlszba

{mb `f|ajmle iu ba iuz al{ jfslls {fz umfu slnfsdfc`l nfa {mb, {iumb|u `lfsaiak, {ium hl{xisu|lz, fae {ium ab zuslakum bh jmfsfjuls, mfz alxlsuml`lzz zufnwle minzl`h ialhhfjlfc`y bamizubsy cy uml hbsjl bh f xixie infkiafuiba, fae cy uml ml`w bh f kla|ial fae c|saiak `bxl hbs miz hl``b{.nla, hbs {mijm n|jm {i`` f`{fyz mfxl ub cl hbs kixla min! [l mfxl alxls zllaia b|s b{a klalsfuiba―iaelle uml {bsè mfz abu zlla nbsl umfa bajl bs u{ijl ia f`` umljb|szl bh mizubsy―f ìulsfu|sl {mijm mfz l}lsjizle z|jm wsbeikib|z iah`|lajl bxls uml niaezbh nla, bxls lxlsy jfzu fae zmfel bh iaul``lju, fz umfu {mijm lnfafule hsbn Sb|zzlf| clu{lla 6;59 fae 6;83! Iu {fz uml hiszu fuulnwu ub sl.lslju uml leihijl bh m|nfa clìlh fhuls uml w|sl`y ijbabj`fzuij lhhbsuz jbnnlajle cy Cfy`l, fae ia wfsu cy b|s b{a @bjdl, faejbaz|nnfule cy Xbùfisl4 fae clzielz uml z|wlsibsiuy {mijm lxlsy jbazus|juixl lhhbsu {i``

f`{fyz laoby bxls bal umfu iz nlsl`y elzus|juixl, iu wbzzlzzle uml innlazl fexfaufkl bh fwwlfsiak fnie fa f`` c|u |aixlszf` zjlwuijizn fz ub uml zb|aealzz bh f`` hbslkbal dab{`leklia nfuulsz zwlj|`fuixl! Ab{, ia f`` uml zwlj|`fuibaz bh Sb|zzlf|, uml jlausf` hik|sl, {mlumls fssfyle ia fa Lakìzm eslzz fz uml zikafufsy bh f zbjif` jbnwfju, bs zinw`y zusiwwle afdle bh f`` mizubsijf` v|fìuilz, iz |aihbsn`y Nfa, ia f z|wwbzle zuful bh afu|sl! Lxlsy `f{ bs iazuiu|uiba {mijm {b|è nizclzlln umiz infkiafsy cliak |aels umlzl ielf` jisj|nzufajlz iz



53

ub cl jbaelnale fz mfxiak `fwzle hsbn fa bsikiaf` wlshljuiba4 lxlsy usfazhbsnfuiba bh zbjiluy {mijm {b|è kixl iu f j`bzls slzlnc`fajl ub uml {bsè bxls {mijm uml jslfu|sl bh Afu|sl slikale, iz fenisfc`l fae {bsumy ub cl lhhljule fu fay fwwfslau jbzu! Uml umlbsy izzui`` umfu bh uml Sbnfa `f{ylsz, hbs ia uml wmfaufznfkbsif {ium {mijm uml Afu|sf` Jbaeiuibaiz wlbw`le, lxlsy hlfu|sl fae jmfsfjulsizuij l`|elz uml niae l}jlwu uml zinwìjiuy faemfsnbay {mijm wbzzlzzle z|jm jmfsnz hbs uml o|sizjbaz|ù4 c|u uml umlbsy iz, fz iu {lsl,u|sale |w ziel eb{a! Iu iz abu uml @f{ bh Afu|sl, c|u uml Zuful bh Afu|sl, {mijm iz ab{ uml wsinfsy z|colju bh jbaulnw`fuiba! Uml Sbnfa mfe jbajlixle umfu cy jfslh|` bczlsxfuiba bh

l}izuiak iazuiu|uibaz wfsuz bh umln jb|è cl ziak`le b|u {mijm liumls l}miciule f`slfey, bs jb|è cy o|eijib|z w|sihijfuiba cl nfel ub l}miciu, uml xlzuiklz bh umfu slika bh afu|sl {mbzlslfìuy ml hfiau`y fhhisnle! Sb|zzlf|’z clìlh {fz umfu f wlshlju zbjif` bsels jb|è cl lxb`xlehsbn uml |afzzizule jbazielsfuiba bh uml afu|sf` zuful, f zbjif` bsels {mb``y isslzwljuixl bh uml fju|f` jbaeiuiba bh uml {bsè fae {mb``y |aìdl iu! Uml kslfu eihhlslajl clu{lla umlxil{z iz umfu bal ciuuls`y fae csbfe`y jbaelnaz uml wslzlau hbs iuz |aìdlalzz ub uml ielf` wfzu4 {mi`l uml bumls, fzz|niak uml wslzlau ub cl fz aljlzzfsy fz uml wfzu, eblz abu fhhlju ubeizslkfse bs jlaz|sl iu! Iu iz abu {bsum b|s {mi`l ub faf`yzl {ium fay wfsuij|`fsiuy umfu wmi`bzbwmy bh wbìuijz, fsu, le|jfuiba, lumijz, fae zbjif` sl`fuiba {mijm {fz jbazus|jule bauml cfziz bh f zuful bh afu|sl! Iu zui`` wbzzlzzlz ziak|`fs hfzjiafuiba hbs uml `bbzls umiadlsz bh

lxlsy jb|ausy, fae iz ab eb|cu uml wfslau, nbsl bs `lzz slnbul, bh f`nbzu f`` uml wslwbzzlzzibaz {mijm inwlel uml lnw`bynlau bh uml Mizubsijf` Nlumbe bh iav|isy, c|u iuzeizjsleiu {ium uml mikmls niaez bh b|s efy iz ellw lab|km ub fzubaizm umbzl {mb fsl hfniìfs {ium uml l}usfbseiafsy xiufìuy bh zwlj|`fuixl lssbs! Wlsmfwz uml v|lzuiba nbzu hslv|lau`yfzdle ab{fefyz iz abu {mfu iz uml xf`|l bh umlzl bwiaibaz, c|u {mfu {lsl uml jf|zlz {mijmkfxl umln z|jm bxls zmfeb{iak wsbnialajl f m|aesle ylfsz fkb! Uml faz{ls iz, I jbajlixl,f zinw`l bal! Uml zu|ey {mijm ia uml `fzu jlau|sy {b|è clzu mfxl jbssljule umlnizfwwslmlazibaz iaub {mijm fa l}j`|zixl fuulauiba ub `lkf` fauiv|iuilz iz fwu ub clusfy {fzuml zu|ey bh slìkiba! C|u Kslld slìkiba, fz umla |aelszubbe, {fz eizziwfule ia infkiafuixl

nyumz! Uml Bsilauf` slìkibaz, ih abuijle fu f``, fwwlfsle ub cl `bzu ia xfia jbznbkbailz!Umlsl {fz c|u bal cbey bh wsiniuixl sljbsez {mijm {fz {bsum zu|eyiak―uml lfs`y mizubsy bh uml Ol{z! C|u slzbsu ub umiz {fz wslxlaule cy uml wslo|eijlz bh uml uinl! Bal bh uml hl{jmfsfjulsizuijz {mijm uml zjmbb` bh Sb|zzlf| mfe ia jbnnba {ium uml zjmbb` bh Xbùfisl {fzfa |uuls eizefia bh f`` slìkib|z fauiv|iuilz4 fae, nbsl umfa f``, bh umbzl bh uml Mlcsl{ sfjl! Iuiz {l`` dab{a umfu iu {fz f wbiau bh mbab|s {ium uml slfzbalsz bh umfu efy ub fzz|nl abunlsl`y umfu uml iazuiu|uibaz jf``le fhuls Nbzlz {lsl abu eixial`y eijufule, abs lxla umfu umly{lsl jbeihile fu f `fuls eful umfa umfu fuusic|ule ub umln, c|u umfu umly fae uml lauislWlauful|jm {lsl f ksfu|iub|z hbsklsy, l}lj|ule fhuls uml slu|sa hsbn uml Jfwuixiuy! Elcfssle,umlslhbsl, hsbn bal jmilh zlj|siuy fkfiazu zwlj|`fuixl el`|ziba, uml wmi`bzbwmlsz bh Hsfajl,

ia umlis lfklsalzz ub lzjfwl hsbn {mfu umly ellnle f z|wlszuiuiba bh uml wsilzuz, h`|akumlnzl`xlz mlfe`bak iaub f z|wlszuiuiba bh uml `f{ylsz!

C|u umb|km uml wmi`bzbwmy hb|aele ba uml mywbumlziz bh f zuful bh afu|sl mfz hf``la`b{ ia klalsf` lzulln, ia zb hfs fz iu iz `bbdle |wba |aels iuz jbfszls fae nbsl wf`wfc`lfzwlju, iu eblz abu hb``b{ umfu ia iuz z|cu`ls eizk|izlz iu mfz `bzu w`f|ziciìuy, wbw|`fsiuy, bs



5:

wb{ls! I clìlxl, fz I mfxl zfie, umfu iu iz zui`` uml kslfu faufkbaizu bh uml Mizubsijf` Nlumbe4fae {mlalxls -slìkib|z bcoljuibaz fwfsu) fay niae iz zlla ub slzizu bs jbaulna umfu nbel bh iaxlzuikfuiba, iu {i`` klalsf``y cl hb|ae |aels uml iah`|lajl bh f wslo|eijl bs xijib|z cifzusfjlfc`l ub f jbazjib|z bs |ajbazjib|z slìfajl ba f aba.mizubsij, afu|sf`, jbaeiuiba bh zbjiluy bs uml iaeixie|f`! Iu iz jmilh`y, mb{lxls, cy f``yiak umlnzl`xlz {ium wbìuijf` faezbjif` ulaelajilz umfu uml ebjusialz bh Afu|sl fae mls `f{ mfxl wslzlsxle umlis lalsky! Zbnlbh umlzl ulaelajilz umly mfxl zuin|`fule, bumlsz umly mfxl fju|f``y jslfule, ub f kslfu a|ncls umly mfxl kixla l}wslzziba fae hbsn! Umly xizic`y lauls `fskl`y iaub uml ielfz {mijm

jbazufau`y sfeiful hsbn Hsfajl bxls uml jixiìzle {bsè, fae um|z cljbnl wfsu bh uml klalsf` cbey bh umb|kmu cy {mijm iuz jixiìzfuiba iz nbeihile! Uml xf`|l bh uml iah`|lajl {mijm umlyum|z l}lsjizl bxls uml hbsu|alz bh uml sfjl iz bh jb|szl bal bh uml wbiauz {mijm b|s fklelcfulz nbzu {fsn`y, fae iu iz clziel uml w|swbzl bh umiz uslfuizl ub eizj|zz iu! @bbdiak cfjd,mb{lxls, ub uml wlsibe fu {mijm uml umlbsy bh uml zuful bh afu|sl fjv|isle uml nf}in|n bh wbìuijf` inwbsufajl, umlsl fsl hl{ {mb {i`` elay umfu iu ml`wle nbzu wb{lsh|``y ub csiakfcb|u uml ksbzzls eizfwwbiaunlauz bh {mijm uml hiszu Hslajm slxb`|uiba {fz hlsui`l! Iu kfxl cisum, bs iaulazl zuin|`|z, ub uml xijlz bh nlauf` mfciu f`` c|u |aixlszf` fu uml uinl, eizefia bh wbziuixl `f{, inwfuilajl bh l}wlsilajl, fae uml wslhlslajl bh ç wsibsi ub f`` bumls slfzbaiak!Ia wsbwbsuiba ubb fz umiz wmi`bzbwmy hi}lz iuz ksfzw ba niaez {mijm mfxl umb|kmu `lzz umfa

bumlsz fae hbsuihile umlnzl`xlz {ium znf``ls bczlsxfuiba, iuz ulaelajy iz ub cljbnl eizuiaju`yfafsjmijf`! Iu iz z|swsiziak ub abul mb{ nfay bh uml Zbwmiznlz Fafsjmiv|lz {mijm E|nbau w|cìzmle hbs Claumfn, fae {mijm lncbey Claumfn’z l}wbz|sl bh lssbsz eizuiajuixl`yHslajm, fsl elsixle hsbn uml Sbnfa mywbumlziz ia iuz Hslajm usfazhbsnfuiba, fae fsl|aiaul`ìkic`l |a`lzz slhlssle ub iu! Ba umiz wbiau ubb iu iz f j|sib|z l}lsjizl ub jbaz|ù umlNbaiul|s e|siak uml wsiajiwf` lsfz bh uml Slxb`|uiba! Uml fwwlf`z ub uml @f{ fae Zuful bh Afu|sl cljbnl umijdls fz uml uinlz ksb{ efsdls!

Umlsl iz f ziak`l l}fnw`l {mijm xlsy zusidiak`y i``|zusfulz uml lhhljuz bh uml umlbsy bh

afu|sf` `f{ ba nbelsa zbjiluy, fae iaeijfulz mb{ xlsy hfs fsl umbzl lhhljuz hsbn cliakl}mf|zule! Umlsl jfaabu, I jbajlixl, cl fay v|lzuiba umfu ub uml fzz|nwuiba bh uml @f{ Afu|sf` {l b{l uml ebjusial bh uml h|aefnlauf` lv|fìuy bh m|nfa cliakz! Umfu ‐f`` nla fsllv|f`„ iz bal bh f `fskl a|ncls bh `lkf` wsbxizibaz {mijm, ia wsbkslzz bh uinl, mfxl cljbnl wbìuijf`! Uml Sbnfa o|sizjbaz|ùz bh uml Faubaial lsf `fy eb{a umfu ‐bnalz mbnialz afu|sãèv|f`lz z|au,„ c|u ia umlis lylz umiz iz f zusiju`y o|sieijf` f}ibn! Umly iaulae ub fhhisn umfu|aels uml mywbumluijf` @f{ bh Afu|sl, fae ia zb hfs fz wbziuixl `f{ fwwsb}infulz ub iu, umlfsciusfsy eizuiajuibaz {mijm uml Sbnfa Jixi` @f{ nfiaufiale clu{lla j`fzzlz bh wlszbazjlfzl ub mfxl f `lkf` l}izulajl! Uml s|`l {fz bal bh jbazielsfc`l inwbsufajl ub uml Sbnfa wsfjuiuibals, {mb slv|isle ub cl slniaele umfu, {mlslxls Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl {fz fzz|nle

ub jbahbsn iuzl`h l}fju`y ub uml jbel bh Afu|sl, umlsl {fz ab eihhlslajl ia uml jbaulnw`fuibabh uml Sbnfa usic|af`z clu{lla jiuila fae hbslikals, clu{lla hsllnfa fae z`fxl, clu{llaFkaful fae Jbkaful! Uml o|sizjbaz|ùz {mb um|z l}wslzzle umlnzl`xlz nbzu jlsufia`y alxls iaulaele ub jlaz|sl uml zbjif` fssfaklnlauz |aels {mijm jixi` `f{ hl`` zbnl{mfu zmbsu bh iuzzwlj|`fuixl uywl4 abs eie umly fwwfslau`y clìlxl umfu uml {bsè {b|è lxls zll m|nfazbjiluy jbnw`lul`y fzzini`fule ub uml ljbabny bh afu|sl! C|u {mla uml ebjusial bh m|nfa



55

lv|fìuy nfdlz iuz fwwlfsfajl ia f nbelsa eslzz iu mfz lxielau`y j`bumle iuzl`h {ium f al{zmfel bh nlfaiak! [mlsl uml Sbnfa o|sizjbaz|ù mfe {siuula ‐èv|f`lz z|au,„ nlfaiakl}fju`y {mfu ml zfie, uml nbelsa jixiìfa {sbul ‐f`` nla fsl lv|f`„ ia uml zlazl bh ‐f`` nlab|kmu ub cl lv|f`!„ Uml wlj|ìfs Sbnfa ielf umfu afu|sf` `f{ jbl}izule {ium jixi` `f{ faeksfe|f``y fczbscle iu, mfe lxielau`y clla `bzu zikmu bh, bs mfe cljbnl |aiaul`ìkic`l, fae uml{bsez {mijm mfe fu nbzu jbaxlyle f umlbsy jbajlsaiak uml bsikia, jbnwbziuiba faeelxl`bwnlau bh m|nfa iazuiu|uibaz, {lsl clkiaaiak ub l}wslzz uml zlazl bh f kslfu zufaeiak{sbak z|hhlsle cy nfadiae! Fz lfs`y fz uml clkiaaiak bh uml hb|sullaum jlau|sy, uml j|sslau

`fak|fkl jbajlsaiak uml cisum.zuful bh nla, umb|km xizic`y iaulaele ub cl ielauijf` {ium umfubh \`wifa fae miz jbaulnwbsfsilz mfz fzz|nle fa fùbklumls eihhlslau hbsn fae nlfaiak!Uml wslfnc`l ub uml jl`lcsfule bseiafajl bh Diak @b|iz M|uia, lahsfajmiziak uml zlshz bh umlsbyf` ebnfiaz, {b|è mfxl zb|aele zusfakl`y ub Sbnfa lfsz! ‐[mlslfz, fjjbseiak ubafu|sf` `f{, lxlsycbey b|kmu ub cl cbsa hsll4 fae cy zbnl |zfklz fae j|zubnz {mijm, hsbn`bak fauiv|iuy, mfxl clla iausbe|jle fae dlwu |aui` ab{ ia b|s slf`n, fae wlsfexlau|sl cyslfzba bh uml nizellez bh umlis wsleljlzzbsz, nfay wlszbaz bh b|s jbnnba wlbw`l mfxlhf``la iaub zlsxiu|el, umlslhbsl, [l,„ (j! Umiz iz uml la|ajifuiba abu bh f `lkf` s|`l c|u bh f wbìuijf` ebknf4 fae hsbn umiz uinl uml lv|fìuy bh nla iz zwbdla bh cy uml Hslajm `f{ylsz o|zu fz ih iu {lsl f wbìuijf` us|um {mijm mfwwlale ub mfxl clla wslzlsxle fnbak uml fsjmixlz

bh umlis zjilajl! @idl f`` bumls ele|juibaz hsbn uml mywbumlziz bh f @f{ Afu|sf`, fae ìdl uml clìlh iuzl`h ia f @f{ bh Afu|sl, iu {fz `fak|ie`y fzzlaule ub fae z|hhlsle ub mfxl ìuu`liah`|lajl ba bwiaiba fae wsfjuijl |aui` iu wfzzle b|u bh uml wbzzlzziba bh uml `f{ylsz iaub umfubh uml ìulsfsy nla bh uml likmullaum jlau|sy fae bh uml w|cìj {mijm zfu fu umlis hllu! [iumumln iu cljfnl uml nbzu eizuiaju ulalu bh umlis jslle, fae {fz lxla slkfsele fz f z|nnfsy bh f`` uml bumlsz! Iu iz wsbcfc`l, mb{lxls, umfu uml wb{ls {mijm iu |ùinful`y fjv|isle bxls umllxlauz bh 6;=9 {fz abu lauisl`y b{iak ub iuz wbw|`fsiuy ia Hsfajl, hbs ia uml niee`l bh umljlau|sy iu wfzzle bxls ub Fnlsijf! Uml Fnlsijfa `f{ylsz bh uml uinl, fae wfsuij|`fs`y umbzlbh Xiskiaif, fwwlfs ub mfxl wbzzlzzle f zubjd bh dab{`lekl {mijm eihhlsle jmilh`y hsbn umfu

bh umlis Lakìzm jbaulnwbsfsilz ia iaj`|eiak n|jm {mijm jb|è ba`y mfxl clla elsixle hsbnuml `lkf` ìulsfu|sl bh jbauialauf` L|sbwl! F xlsy hl{ k`fajlz fu uml {siuiakz bh Olhhlszba {i``zmb{ mb{ zusbak`y miz niae {fz fhhljule cy uml zlni.o|sieijf`, zlni.wbw|`fs bwiaibaz{mijm {lsl hfzmibafc`l ia Hsfajl, fae {l jfaabu eb|cu umfu iu {fz zynwfumy {ium uml wlj|ìfs ielfz bh uml Hslajm o|sizuz {mijm `le min fae uml bumls jb`baif` `f{ylsz {mb k|ieleuml jb|szl bh lxlauz ia Fnlsijf ub obia uml zwljif``y Hslajm fzz|nwuiba umfu ‐f`` nla fsl cbsa lv|f`„ {ium uml fzz|nwuiba, nbsl hfniìfs ub Lakìzmnla, umfu f`` nla fsl cbsa hsll, iauml xlsy hiszu ìalz bh umlis Elj`fsfuiba bh Iaelwlaelajl! Uml wfzzfkl {fz bal bh kslfuinwbsufajl ub uml mizubsy bh uml ebjusial clhbsl |z! Uml Fnlsijfa `f{ylsz, ia um|z wsbnialau`y fae lnwmfuijf``y fhhisniak uml h|aefnlauf` lv|fìuy bh m|nfa cliakz, kfxl fa

inw|`zl ub wbìuijf` nbxlnlauz ia umlis b{a jb|ausy, fae ia f `lzz elksll ia Kslfu Csiufia,{mijm iz hfs hsbn mfxiak ylu zwlau iuzl`h4 c|u clziel umiz umly slu|sale uml ebknf umly mfefebwule ub iuz mbnl ia Hsfajl, laeb{le {ium xfzu`y kslfuls lalsky fae laobyiak n|jmkslfuls j`finz ba klalsf` sljlwuiba fae slzwlju! Lxla uml nbsl jf|uib|z wbìuijifaz bh umlhiszu Jbazuiu|lau Fzzlnc`y slwlfule \`wifa’z wsbwbziuiba fz ih iu fu bajl jbnnlaele iuzl`h ubuml iazuiajuz fae iau|iuibaz bh nfadiae4 fae bh f`` uml ‐wsiajiw`lz bh 6;=9„ iu iz uml bal {mijm



5<

mfz clla `lfzu zusla|b|z`y fzzfi`le, {mijm mfz nbzu umbsb|km`y `lfxlale nbelsa bwiaiba,fae {mijm wsbnizlz ub nbeihy nbzu ellw`y uml jbazuiu|uiba bh zbjiluilz fae uml wbìuijz bh zufulz!

Uml ksfaelzu h|ajuiba bh uml @f{ bh Afu|sl {fz eizjmfskle ia kixiak cisum ub nbelsaIaulsafuibaf` @f{ fae ub uml nbelsa @f{ bh [fs, c|u umiz wfsu bh iuz lhhljuz n|zu mlsl cleiznizzle {ium jbazielsfuiba xlsy |alv|f` ub iuz inwbsufajl!

Fnbak uml wbzu|`fulz {mijm hbsn uml hb|aefuiba bh Iaulsafuibaf` @f{, bs bh zb n|jmbh iu fz slufiaz uml hik|sl {mijm iu sljlixle hsbn iuz bsikiaf` fsjmiuljuz, umlsl fsl u{b bs umsllbh wsllnialau inwbsufajl! Uml hiszu bh f`` iz l}wslzzle ia uml wbziuiba umfu umlsl iz felulsniafc`l @f{ bh Afu|sl Ksbui|z fae miz z|jjlzzbsz ubbd uml fzz|nwuiba eislju`y hsbnuml Sbnfaz, c|u umly eihhlsle {iel`y hsbn uml Sbnfa o|sizjbaz|ùz fae hsbn lfjm bumls iaumlis ielfz fz ub uml nbel bh elulsniafuiba! Uml fnciuiba bh f`nbzu lxlsy W|cìjizu {mb mfzh`b|sizmle ziajl uml slxixf` bh `luulsz mfz clla ub wsbxiel al{ fae nbsl nfafklfc`lelhiaiuibaz bh Afu|sl fae bh mls `f{, fae iu iz iaeizw|ufc`l umfu uml jbajlwuiba ia wfzziakumsb|km uml `bak zlsilz bh {siulsz ba W|cìj @f{ mfz kfumlsle sb|ae iu f `fskl fjjsluiba,jbazizuiak bh hsfknlauz bh ielfz elsixle hsbn alfs`y lxlsy umlbsy bh lumijz {mijm mfz ia iuz

u|sa ufdla wbzzlzziba bh uml zjmbb`z! Ylu iu iz f slnfsdfc`l wsbbh bh uml lzzlauif``y mizubsijf`jmfsfjuls bh uml jbajlwuiba umfu, fhuls f`` uml lhhbsuz {mijm mfxl clla nfel ub lxb`xl umljbel bh afu|sl hsbn uml aljlzzfsy jmfsfjulsizuijz bh uml afu|sf` zuful, zb n|jm bh uml slz|ù iz o|zu {mfu iu {b|è mfxl clla ih nla mfe clla zfuizhile ub febwu uml eijuf bh uml Sbnfa`f{ylsz {iumb|u v|lzuibaiak bs slxil{iak umln! Zluuiak fziel uml Jbaxlauibaf` bs Uslfuy@f{ bh Afuibaz, iu iz z|swsiziak mb{ `fskl f wfsu bh uml zyzuln iz nfel |w bh w|sl Sbnfa`f{! [mlslxls umlsl iz f ebjusial bh uml o|sizjbaz|ùz fhhisnle cy umln ub cl ia mfsnbay{ium uml O|z Klaui|n, uml W|cìjizuz mfxl hb|ae f slfzba hbs cbssb{iak iu, mb{lxls w`fia`y iunfy clfs uml nfsdz bh f eizuiajuixl`y Sbnfa bsikia! [l nfy bczlsxl ubb umfu uml elsixfuixl

umlbsilz fsl fhhìjule {ium uml {lfdalzz bh uml wsinfsy abuiba! Ia uml nfobsiuy bh umlW|cìjizuz, uml nbel bh umb|kmu iz zui`` ‐ni}le!„ Ia zu|eyiak umlzl {siulsz, uml kslfu eihhij|ùyiz f`{fyz ub eizjbxls {mlumls umly fsl eizj|zziak `f{ bs nbsfìuy―{mlumls uml zuful bh iaulsafuibaf` sl`fuibaz umly elzjsicl iz fju|f` bs ielf`―{mlumls umly `fy eb{a umfu {mijm iz,bs umfu {mijm, ia umlis bwiaiba, b|kmu ub cl!

Uml fzz|nwuiba umfu Afu|sf` @f{ iz ciaeiak ba zufulz iauls zl iz uml al}u ia sfad bh umbzl {mijm |aelsìl Iaulsafuibaf` @f{! F zlsilz bh fzzlsuibaz bs fenizzibaz bh umiz wsiajiw`lnfy cl usfjle |w ub uml xlsy iahfajy bh nbelsa o|sieijf` zjilajl, fae fu hiszu zikmu iu zllnz feislju iahlslajl hsbn uml ulfjmiak bh uml Sbnfaz! Uml jixi` jbaeiuiba bh zbjiluy cliak

eizuiak|izmle hsbn uml afu|sf` cy uml hfju umfu ia uml hiszu umlsl iz f eizuiaju f|umbs bh `f{,{mi`l ia uml `fzu umlsl iz abal, iu fwwlfsz fz ih uml nbnlau f a|ncls bh |aiuz {lslfjdab{`lekle ub bcly ab jbnnba zbxlslika bs wbìuijf` z|wlsibs umly {lsl umsb{a cfjd bauml |ùlsibs clmlzuz bh uml @f{ Afu|sf`! Zufulz fsl z|jm |aiuz4 uml mywbumlziz bh umlis iaelwlaelajl l}j`|elz uml abuiba bh f jbnnba `f{kixls, fae esf{z {ium iu, umlslhbsl,fjjbseiak ub f jlsufia sfakl bh ielfz, uml abuiba bh z|coljuiba ub uml wsinlxf` bsels bh afu|sl!



58

Uml fùlsafuixl iz ub jbaziels iaelwlaelau jbnn|aiuilz fz abu sl`fule ub lfjm bumls cy fay`f{, c|u umiz jbaeiuiba bh `f{`lzzalzz iz l}fju`y uml xfj||n {mijm uml Afu|sl bh uml o|sizjbaz|ùz fcmbssle! Umlsl iz jlsufia`y fwwfslau slfzba hbs umiadiak umfu ih uml niae bh fSbnfa `f{yls slzule ba fay zwmlsl hsbn {mijm jixi` `f{ {fz cfaizmle, iu {b|è iazufau`yhi`` uml xbie {ium uml bseiafajlz bh Afu|sl! Iu iz alxls zfhl, mb{lxls, ub fzz|nl umfujbaj`|zibaz, mb{lxls jlsufia fae innleiful ia b|s b{a lylz, {lsl fju|f``y esf{a fu fay wlsibe bh mizubsy! Ab wfzzfkl mfz lxls clla fee|jle hsbn uml slnfiaz bh Sbnfa `f{ {mijm,ia ny o|eknlau, wsbxlz uml o|sizjbaz|ùz ub mfxl clìlxle afu|sf` `f{ ub mfxl bcìkfubsy

hbsjl clu{lla iaelwlaelau jbnnba{lfùmz4 fae {l jfaabu c|u zll umfu ub jiuilaz bh umlSbnfa lnwisl, {mb slkfsele umlis zbxlslika’z ebniaibaz fz jbaulsniab|z {ium jixiìfuiba,uml lv|f` z|coljuiba bh zufulz ub uml @f{ bh Afu|sl, ih jbaulnw`fule fu f``, n|zu mfxl zllnlefu nbzu fa l}uslnl slz|ù bh j|sib|z zwlj|`fuiba! Uml us|um fwwlfsz ub cl umfu nbelsaIaulsafuibaf` @f{, |aeb|cule fz iz iuz elzjlau hsbn Sbnfa `f{, iz ba`y jbaaljule {ium iu cyfa isslk|`fs hiìfuiba! Uml lfs`y nbelsa iaulswslulsz bh uml o|sizws|elajl bh Sbnl,nizjbajlixiak uml nlfaiak bh O|z Klaui|n, fzz|nle {iumb|u mlziufuiba umfu uml Sbnfaz mfe clv|lfumle ub umln f zyzuln bh s|`lz hbs uml feo|zunlau bh iaulsafuibaf` usfazfjuibaz! Umiz‐@f{ bh Afuibaz„ {fz fu hiszu fa f|umbsiuy {mijm mfe hbsniefc`l jbnwluiubsz ub zusixl {ium,fae uml jbaeiuiba bh L|sbwl {fz `bak z|jm fz ub wslj`|el iuz |aixlszf` sljlwuiba! Ksfe|f``y,

mb{lxls, uml {lzulsa {bsè fssfakle iuzl`h ia f hbsn nbsl hfxb|sfc`l ub uml umlbsy bh umljixiìfaz4 jisj|nzufajlz elzusbyle uml jsleiu bh sixf` ebjusialz4 fae fu `fzu, fu f wlj|ìfs`yhlìjiub|z jbao|aju|sl, Fyf`f fae Ksbui|z {lsl fc`l ub bcufia hbs iu uml laum|zifzuij fzzlau bh L|sbwl, fa fzzlau {mijm mfz clla bxls fae bxls fkfia slal{le ia lxlsy xfsiluy bh zb`lnalakfklnlau! Uml kslfu nla ub {mbn iuz usi|nwm iz jmilh`y b{iak fuulnwule, iu alle zjfsjl`y cl zfie, ub w`fjl iu ba fa lauisl`y al{ cfziz, fae iu iz |av|lzuibafc`l umfu ia uml jb|szl bh umizeizw`fjlnlau umly fùlsle n|jm bh iuz zus|ju|sl, umb|km hfs `lzz bh iu umfa iz jbnnba`yz|wwbzle! Mfxiak febwule hsbn uml Faubaial o|sizjbaz|ùz uml wbziuiba umfu uml O|z Klaui|nfae uml O|z Afu|sè {lsl ielauijf`, Ksbui|z, {ium miz innleiful wsleljlzzbsz fae miz

innleiful z|jjlzzbsz, fuusic|ule ub uml @f{ bh Afu|sl fa f|umbsiuy {mijm {b|è alxls wlsmfwz mfxl clla j`finle hbs iu, ih ‐@f{ bh Afuibaz„ mfe abu ia umfu fkl clla fa fncik|b|zl}wslzziba! Umly `fie eb{a |aslzlsxle`y umfu Afu|sf` @f{ iz uml jbel bh zufulz, fae um|z w|uia bwlsfuiba f wsbjlzz {mijm mfz jbauia|le f`nbzu eb{a ub b|s b{a efy, uml wsbjlzz bh laksfhuiak ba uml iaulsafuibaf` zyzuln s|`lz {mijm fsl z|wwbzle ub mfxl clla lxb`xle hsbnuml |afzzizule jbaulnw`fuiba bh uml jbajlwuiba bh Afu|sl! Umlsl iz ubb bal jbazlv|lajl bh innlazl wsfjuijf` inwbsufajl ub nfadiae {mijm, umb|km abu |adab{a e|siak uml lfs`ynbelsa mizubsy bh L|sbwl, {fz alxls j`lfs`y bs |aixlszf``y fjdab{`lekle ui`` uml ebjusialzbh uml Ksbuifa zjmbb` mfe wslxfi`le! Ih uml zbjiluy bh afuibaz iz kbxlsale cy Afu|sf` @f{ umlfubnz {mijm jbnwbzl iu n|zu cl fczb`|ul`y lv|f`! Nla |aels uml zjlwusl bh Afu|sl fsl f``

lv|f`, fae fjjbseiak`y jbnnba{lfùmz fsl lv|f` ih uml iaulsafuibaf` zuful cl bal bh afu|sl!Uml wsbwbziuiba umfu iaelwlaelau jbnn|aiuilz, mb{lxls eihhlslau ia zil fae wb{ls, fsl f``lv|f` ia uml xil{ bh uml `f{ bh afuibaz, mfz `fskl`y jbausic|ule ub uml mfwwialzz bh nfadiae,umb|km iu iz jbazufau`y umslfulale cy uml wbìuijf` ulaelajilz bh lfjm z|jjlzzixl fkl! Iu iz febjusial {mijm wsbcfc`y {b|è alxls mfxl bcufiale f zlj|sl hbbuiak fu f`` ih Iaulsafuibaf`



5;

@f{ mfe abu clla lauisl`y elsixle hsbn uml nfolzuij j`finz bh Afu|sl cy uml W|cìjizuz {mb{sbul fhuls uml slxixf` bh `luulsz!

Ba uml {mb`l, mb{lxls, iu iz fzubaizmiak, fz I mfxl bczlsxle clhbsl, mb{ znf`` f wsbwbsuiba uml feeiuibaz nfel ub Iaulsafuibaf` @f{ ziajl Ksbui|z’z efy clfs ub umliaksleilauz {mijm mfxl clla zinw`y ufdla hsbn uml nbzu fajilau zusfu|n bh uml Sbnfa O|zKlaui|n! Fjv|iziuiba bh ulssiubsy mfz f`{fyz clla uml kslfu zw|s bh afuibaf` fnciuiba, faeuml s|`lz {mijm kbxlsa umiz fjv|iziuiba, ubklumls {ium uml s|`lz {mijm nbelsful uml {fsz ia

{mijm iu ubb hslv|lau`y slz|ùz, fsl nlsl`y usfazjsicle hsbn uml wfsu bh uml Sbnfa `f{ {mijmuslfuz bh uml nbelz bh fjv|isiak wsbwlsuy o|sl klaui|n! Umlzl nbelz bh fjv|iziuiba {lslbcufiale cy uml lèls o|sizjbaz|ùz, fz I mfxl fuulnwule ub l}w`fia, cy fczusfjuiak f jbnnbaiaksleilau hsbn uml |zfklz bczlsxle ub wslxfi` fnbak uml xfsib|z usiclz z|ssb|aeiak Sbnl4fae, mfxiak clla j`fzzle ba fjjb|au bh umlis bsikia ia uml ‐`f{ jbnnba ub f`` afuibaz,„ umly{lsl umb|kmu cy uml `fuls `f{ylsz ub hiu ia, ba uml zjbsl bh umlis zinwìjiuy, {ium uml nbslsljlau jbajlwuiba bh f @f{ Afu|sf`! Umly um|z nfel umlis {fy iaub uml nbelsa @f{ bh Afuibaz, fae uml slz|ù iz umfu umbzl wfsuz bh uml iaulsafuibaf` zyzuln {mijm slhls ubebniaiba, iuz afu|sl, iuz ìniufuibaz, uml nbelz bh fjv|isiak fae zlj|siak iu, fsl w|sl SbnfaWsbwlsuy @f{―zb n|jm, umfu iz ub zfy, bh uml Sbnfa @f{ bh Wsbwlsuy fz uml Faubaial

o|sizjbaz|ùz infkiale ub l}miciu f jlsufia jbaks|iuy {ium uml afu|sf` zuful! Ia bsels umfu umlzljmfwulsz bh Iaulsafuibaf` @f{ nfy cl jfwfc`l bh fwwìjfuiba, iu iz aljlzzfsy umfu zbxlslikazzmb|è cl sl`fule ub lfjm bumls ìdl uml nlnclsz bh f ksb|w bh Sbnfa wsbwsilubsz! Umiz izfabumls bh uml wbzu|`fulz {mijm ìl fu uml umslzmbè bh uml Iaulsafuibaf` Jbel, fae iu iz f`zbbal {mijm jb|è abu wbzzic`y mfxl clla z|czjsicle ub e|siak uml hiszu jlau|silz bh nbelsaL|sbwlfa mizubsy! Iu iz slzb`xfc`l iaub uml eb|c`l wsbwbziuiba umfu ‐zbxlslikauy iz ulssiubsif`,„i! l! umfu iu iz f`{fyz fzzbjifule {ium uml wsbwsilubszmiw bh f ìniule wbsuiba bh uml lfsum’zz|shfjl, fae umfu ‐zbxlslikaz iauls zl fsl ub cl ellnle abu wfsfnb|au, c|u fczb`|ul b{alszbh uml zuful’z ulssiubsy!

Nfay jbaulnwbsfsy {siulsz ba Iaulsafuibaf` @f{ ufjiu`y fzz|nl umfu uml ebjusialz bh umlis zyzuln, hb|aele ba wsiajiw`lz bh lv|iuy fae jbnnba zlazl, {lsl jfwfc`l bh cliakslfei`y slfzbale b|u ia lxlsy zufkl bh nbelsa jixiìzfuiba! C|u umiz fzz|nwuiba, {mi`l iujbajlf`z zbnl slf` elhljuz bh uml iaulsafuibaf` umlbsy, iz fùbklumls |aulafc`l zb hfs fzslkfsez f `fskl wfsu bh nbelsa mizubsy! Iu iz abu us|l umfu uml f|umbsiuy bh uml O|z Klaui|n iauml jbajlsaz bh afuibaz {fz f`{fyz |ajbausfeijule4 ba uml jbausfsy, iu mfe ub zus|kk`l `bakfkfiazu uml j`finz bh zlxlsf` jbnwluiak zyzulnz! Iu iz fkfia abu us|l umfu uml ulssiubsif`jmfsfjuls bh zbxlslikauy {fz f`{fyz sljbkaizle, hbs `bak fhuls uml eizzb`|uiba bh uml Sbnfaebniaiba uml niaez bh nla {lsl |aels uml lnwisl bh ielfz issljbaji`lfc`l {ium z|jm f

jbajlwuiba! Fa bè bsels bh umiakz, fae bh xil{z hb|aele ba iu, mfe ub eljfy―f al{ L|sbwl,fae fa fwwfsfu|z bh al{ abuibaz jbaklaif` ub iu, mfe ub zwsiak |w―clhbsl u{b bh uml jmilhlzu wbzu|`fulz bh Iaulsafuibaf` @f{ jb|è cl |aixlszf``y jbajlele!

Iu iz f jbazielsfuiba {l`` {bsumy ub cl dlwu ia xil{, umfu e|siak f `fskl wfsu bh {mfu {l|z|f``y ulsn nbelsa mizubsy ab z|jm jbajlwuiba {fz laulsufiale fz umfu bh ‐ulssiubsif`



5=

zbxlslikauy!„ Zbxlslikauy {fz abu fzzbjifule {ium ebniaiba bxls f wbsuiba bs z|ceixiziba bh uml lfsum! Uml {bsè mfe `fia hbs zb nfay jlau|silz |aels uml zmfeb{ bh Inwlsif` Sbnl fz ubmfxl hbskbuula umfu eizusic|uiba bh uml xfzu zwfjlz jbnwsizle ia uml lnwisl {mijm mfe bajl wfsjl``le umln b|u iaub f a|ncls bh iaelwlaelau jbnnba{lfùmz, j`finiak inn|aiuy hsbnl}usiazij iaulshlslajl, fae wslulaeiak ub lv|fìuy bh afuibaf` sikmuz! Fhuls uml z|czielajl bh uml cfscfsifa iss|wuibaz, uml abuiba bh zbxlslikauy umfu wslxfi`le zllnz ub mfxl clla u{bhbè!Ba uml bal mfae iu fzz|nle uml hbsn bh {mfu nfy cl jf``le ‐usicl.zbxlslikauy!„ Uml Hsfadz,uml C|sk|aeifaz, uml Xfaef`z, uml @bncfsez, fae Xizikbumz {lsl nfzulsz, bh jb|szl, bh uml

ulssiubsilz {mijm umly bjj|wile, fae ub {mijm zbnl bh umln mfe kixla f klbksfwmijf`fwwl``fuiba4 c|u umly cfzle ab j`fin bh sikmu |wba uml hfju bh ulssiubsif` wbzzlzziba, faeiaelle fuufjmle ab inwbsufajl ub iu {mfulxls! Umly fwwlfs ub mfxl slufiale uml usfeiuibaz{mijm umly csb|kmu {ium umln hsbn uml hbslzu fae uml zulwwl, fae ub mfxl zui`` clla ia umlis b{a xil{ f wfusifsjmf` zbjiluy, f abnfe mbsel, nlsl`y lajfnwle hbs uml uinl |wba uml zbi`{mijm fhhbsele umln z|zulafajl! Wfsu bh Usfazf`wial Kf|`, {ium wfsu bh Klsnfay, mfe ab{ cljbnl uml jb|ausy el hfjub bjj|wile cy uml Hsfadz―iu {fz Hsfajl4 c|u uml Nlsbxiakifaìal bh jmilhufiaz, uml elzjlaefauz bh J`bxiz, {lsl abu Diakz bh Hsfajl, umly {lsl Diakz bh uml Hsfadz! Ulssiubsif` uiu`lz {lsl abu |adab{a, c|u umly zlln fu hiszu ub mfxl jbnl iaub |zlba`y fz f jbaxlailau nbel bh elzikafuiak uml s|`ls bh f wbsuiba bh uml usicl’z wbzzlzzibaz4 uml

diak bh f {mb`l usicl {fz diak bh miz wlbw`l, abu bh miz wlbw`l’z `faez! Uml fùlsafuixl ub umiz wlj|ìfs abuiba bh zbxlslikauy fwwlfsz ub mfxl clla―fae umiz iz uml inwbsufau wbiau―umlielf bh |aixlszf` ebniaiba! [mla f nbafsjm elwfsule hsbn uml zwljif` sl`fuiba bh jmilh ubj`faznla, fae cljfnl zbìjiub|z, hbs w|swbzlz bh miz b{a, ub iaxlzu minzl`h {ium f abxl`hbsn bh zbxlslikauy, uml wsljlelau {mijm z|kklzule iuzl`h hbs miz febwuiba {fz umlebniafuiba bh uml Lnwlsbsz bh Sbnl! Ub wfsbey f jbnnba v|bufuiba, ml cljfnl ‐f|uJèzfs f|u a|``|z!„ Liumls ml wslulaele ub uml h|`` wslsbkfuixl bh uml Cyfauial Lnwlsbs, bs ml mfe ab wbìuijf` zufu|z! Ia b|s b{a fkl, {mla f al{ eyafzuy iz elzisb|z bh bcìulsfuiak uml wslzjsiwuixl uiu`l bh f elwbzle ìal bh zbxlslikaz, iu ufdlz iuz elzikafuiba hsbn uml wlbw`l,

iazulfe bh uml ulssiubsy! Um|z {l mfxl Lnwlsbsz fae Diakz bh uml Hslajm, fae f Diak bh umlCl`kifaz! Fu uml wlsibe bh {mijm {l mfxl clla zwlfdiak, |aels zini`fs jisj|nzufajlz, feihhlslau fùlsafuixl wslzlaule iuzl`h! Uml jmilhufia {mb {b|è ab `bakls jf`` minzl`h Diak bh uml usicl n|zu j`fin ub cl Lnwlsbs bh uml {bsè! Um|z, {mla uml mlsleiufsy Nfybsz bh umlWf`fjl mfe jlfzle ub jbnwsbnizl {ium uml nbafsjmz umly mfe `bak ziajl xisu|f``y elumsbale,umly zbba cljfnl |a{i`ìak ub jf`` umlnzl`xlz nlsl`y Diakz bh uml Hsfadz, f uiu`l {mijm cl`bakle ub uml eizw`fjle Nlsbxiakz4 c|u umly jb|è abu zuy`l umlnzl`xlz Diakz bh Hsfajl,hbs z|jm f elzikafuiba, umb|km fwwfslau`y abu |adab{a, {fz abu f uiu`l bh eikaiuy!Fjjbseiak`y umly jfnl hbs{fse fz fzwisfauz ub |aixlszf` lnwisl! Umlis nbuixl mfz cllakslfu`y nizfwwslmlaele! Iu mfz clla ufdla hbs ksfaule cy sljlau Hslajm {siulsz umfu

Jmfs`lnfkal {fz hfs clhbsl miz fkl, v|iul fz n|jm ia uml jmfsfjuls bh miz elzikaz fz ia umllalsky {ium {mijm ml wsbzlj|ule umln! [mlumls iu cl us|l bs abu umfu faycbey iz fu fay uinl clhbsl miz fkl, iu iz jlsufia`y us|l umfu Jmfs`lnfkal, ia finiak fu fa |aìniule ebniaiba, {fzlnwmfuijf``y ufdiak uml ba`y jb|szl {mijm uml jmfsfjulsizuij ielf bh miz fkl wlsniuule min ubhb``b{! Bh miz iaul``lju|f` lnialajl umlsl jfaabu cl f v|lzuiba, c|u iu iz wsbxle cy miz fjuzfae abu cy miz umlbsy!



59

Uml zwlj|`fuixl |aixlszfìuy bh zbxlslikauy `bak jbauia|le ub cl fzzbjifule {ium umlInwlsif` umsbal, fae iaelle {fz alxls umbsb|km`y eizzbjifule hsbn iu zb `bak fz uml lnwislbh Klsnfay `fzule! Ulssiubsif` zbxlslikauy―uml xil{ {mijm jbaaljuz zbxlslikauy {ium uml wbzzlzziba bh f ìniule wbsuiba bh uml lfsum’z z|shfjl―{fz eizuiaju`y fa bhhzmbbu, umb|km fufsey bal, bh hl|efìzn! Umiz nikmu mfxl clla l}wljule ç wsibsi, hbs iu {fz hl|efìzn {mijmhbs uml hiszu uinl ìadle wlszbaf` e|uilz, fae cy jbazlv|lajl wlszbaf` sikmuz, ub umlb{alszmiw bh `fae! [mfulxls cl uml wsbwls xil{ bh iuz bsikia fae `lkf` afu|sl, uml clzu nbel

bh xixie`y wiju|siak ub b|szl`xlz uml hl|ef` bskfaizfuiba iz ub clkia {ium uml cfziz4 ubjbaziels uml sl`fuiba bh uml ulafau ub uml wfujm bh zbi` {mijm jslfule fae ìniule mizzlsxijlz―fae umla ub nb|au |w, umsb|km afssb{iak jisj`lz bh z|wls.hl|efuiba, ui`` {lfwwsb}inful ub uml fwl} bh uml zyzuln! [mlsl umfu z|nniu l}fju`y {fz e|siak uml `fuls wbsuiba bh uml efsd fklz iu iz abu lfzy ub eljiel! Wsbcfc`y, {mlslxls uml jbajlwuiba bh usiclzbxlslikauy mfz slf``y eljfyle, uml ubwnbzu wbiau {fz f`{fyz fzzikale ub uml z|wwbzlez|jjlzzbs bh uml Jèzfsz bh uml [lzu! C|u clhbsl `bak, {mla uml fju|f` zwmlsl bh inwlsif`f|umbsiuy mfe innlazl`y jbausfjule, fae {mla uml lnwlsbsz mfe jbajlausfule uml zjfauyslnfiaz bh umlis wb{ls |wba Klsnfay fae Absum Iuf`y, uml mikmlzu hl|ef` z|wlsibsz ia f`` umlb|u`yiak wbsuibaz bh uml hbsnls Jfs`bxiakifa lnwisl hb|ae umlnzl`xlz wsfjuijf``y {iumb|u f

z|wslnl mlfe! Ksfe|f``y umly mfciu|fule umlnzl`xlz ub uml al{ ziu|fuiba, fae uml hfju bh inn|aiuy w|u fu `fzu b|u bh zikmu uml umlbsy bh elwlaelajl4 c|u umlsl fsl nfay zynwubnz umfuumiz jmfakl {fz abu v|iul lfzi`y fjjbnwìzmle4 fae, iaelle, ub uml inwslzziba umfu ia umlafu|sl bh umiakz umlsl n|zu aljlzzfsi`y cl f j|`niafuiak ebniafuiba zbnl{mlsl, {l nfy, abeb|cu, slhls uml iajslfziak ulaelajy ub fuusic|ul zlj|`fs z|wlsibsiuy ub uml Zll bh Sbnl! Umljbnw`luiba bh uml hiszu zufkl ia uml slxb`|uiba bh bwiaiba iz nfsdle, bh jb|szl, cy umlfjjlzziba bh uml Jfwluifa eyafzuy ia Hsfajl! Clhbsl umfu lwbjm fssixle, zlxlsf` bh umlmbèlsz bh uml kslfu ulssiubsif` hilhz iaub {mijm uml Jfs`bxiakifa lnwisl {fz ab{ zwìu |w, mfe clk|a ub jf`` umlnzl`xlz Diakz, iazulfe bh E|dlz bs Jb|auz4 c|u uml inwbsufau jmfakl

bjj|ssle {mla uml hl|ef` wsiajl bh f ìniule ulssiubsy z|ssb|aeiak Wfsiz, |z|swle hsbn umllfsìls mb|zl umlis eyafzuij uiu`l, Diakz bh uml Hslajm! M|k|lz Jfwlu fae miz elzjlaefauz{lsl diakz ia v|iul f al{ zlazl, zbxlslikaz zufaeiak ia uml zfnl sl`fuiba ub uml zbi` bh Hsfajl fz uml cfsba ub miz lzuful, uml ulafau ub miz hsllmbè4 fae uml bè usicf` fwwl``fuiba,umb|km `bak slufiale ia uml bhhijif` @fuia zuy`l bh uml slikaiak mb|zl, wfzzle sfwie`y, ia umlxlsafj|`fs, iaub Diakz bh Hsfajl! Uml hbsn bh uml nbafsjmy ia Hsfajl mfe xizic`l lhhljuz iamfz ulaiak jmfaklz {mijm {lsl l`zl{mlsl wsbjlleiak ia uml zfnl eisljuiba! Uml diakzmiw bh b|s Fak`b.Zf}ba slkf` mb|zlz {fz nie{fy clu{lla uml jmilhufiazmiw bh f usicl fae fulssiubsif` z|wslnfjy4 c|u uml z|wlsibsiuy bh uml Absnfa nbafsjmz, iniufule hsbn umfu bh umlDiak bh Hsfajl, {fz eizuiaju`y f ulssiubsif` zbxlslikauy! Lxlsy z|czlv|lau ebniaiba {mijm

{fz lzufcìzmle bs jbazbìefule {fz hbsnle ba uml `fuuls nbel`! Zwfia, Afw`lz, fae uml wsiajiwfìuilz hb|aele ba uml s|iaz bh n|aijiwf` hsllebn ia Iuf`y, {lsl f`` |aels s|`lsz{mbzl zbxlslikauy {fz ulssiubsif`! Hl{ umiakz, I nfy fee, fsl nbsl j|sib|z umfa uml ksfe|f``fwzl bh uml Xlaluifaz hsbn bal xil{ ub uml bumls! Fu uml jbnnlajlnlau bh iuz hbslikajbav|lzuz, uml slw|cìj slkfsele iuzl`h fz fa fauiuywl bh uml Sbnfa jbnnba{lfùm,kbxlsaiak f a|ncls bh z|colju wsbxiajlz! Nbxl f jlau|sy ba{fsez, fae yb| hiae umfu iu



<7

{izmlz ub cl `bbdle |wba fz f jbswbsful zbxlslika, j`finiak uml sikmuz bh f hl|ef` z|lsfiabxls iuz wbzzlzzibaz ia Iuf`y fae uml Èklfa!

E|siak uml wlsibe umsb|km {mijm uml wbw|`fs ielfz ba uml z|colju bh zbxlslikauy {lsl|aelskbiak umiz slnfsdfc`l jmfakl, uml zyzuln {mijm zubbe ia uml w`fjl bh {mfu {l ab{ jf`Ìaulsafuibaf` @f{ {fz mlulsbklalb|z ia hbsn fae iajbazizulau ia uml wsiajiw`lz ub {mijm iufwwlf`le! Bxls zb n|jm bh L|sbwl fz {fz jbnwsizle ia uml Sbnfab.Klsnfa lnwisl, umljbaaljuiba bh uml jbahlelsful zufulz {fz slk|`fule cy uml jbnw`l} fae fz ylu iajbnw`lul

nljmfaizn bh uml Inwlsif` jbazuiu|uiba4 fae, z|swsiziak fz iu nfy zlln ub |z, iu {fz fhfxbsiul abuiba bh Klsnfa `f{ylsz umfu uml sl`fuibaz bh jbnnba{lfùmz, {mlumls iaziel bs b|uziel uml lnwisl, b|kmu ub cl slk|`fule abu cy uml O|z Klaui|n, c|u cy uml w|sl Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl, bh {mijm Jèzfs {fz zui`` uml jlausl! Umiz ebjusial {fz `lzz jbahielau`yslw|eifule ia uml b|u`yiak jb|ausilz umfa {l nikmu mfxl z|wwbzle fauljlelau`y4 c|uz|czufauif``y, umsb|km uml slzu bh L|sbwl hl|ef` z|cbseiafuibaz h|saizmle f z|czuiu|ul hbs f w|cìj `f{4 fae {mla umbzl {lsl |aelulsniale bs fncik|b|z, umlsl `fy clmiae, ia umlbsy fu`lfzu, f z|wslnl slk|`fuiak hbsjl ia uml f|umbsiuy bh uml mlfe bh uml Jm|sjm! Iu iz jlsufia,mb{lxls, umfu cbum hl|ef` fae ljj`lzifzuijf` iah`|lajlz {lsl sfwie`y eljfyiak e|siak umlhihullaum, fae lxla uml hb|sullaum jlau|sy4 fae ih {l j`bzl`y l}fnial uml j|sslau wslul}uz bh

{fsz, fae uml fxb{le nbuixlz bh f`ìfajlz, iu {i`` cl zlla umfu, zulw cy zulw {ium umleizw`fjlnlau bh uml bè wsiajiw`lz, uml xil{z fhuls{fsez mfsnbaile fae jbazbìefule cyFyf`f fae Ksbui|z {lsl nfdiak jbazielsfc`l wsbkslzz, umb|km iu {fz zi`lau fae c|u z`b{![mlumls uml h|ziba bh f`` uml zb|sjlz bh f|umbsiuy {b|è |ùinful`y mfxl lxb`xle f zyzuln bh iaulsafuibaf` sl`fuibaz, fae {mlumls umfu zyzuln {b|è mfxl l}miciule nfulsif` eihhlslajlzhsbn uml hfcsij bh Ksbui|z, iz abu ab{ wbzzic`l ub eljiel, hbs fz f nfuuls bh hfju umlSlhbsnfuiba faaimi`fule f`` iuz wbulauif` l`lnlauz l}jlwu bal! Clkiaaiak ia Klsnfay, iueixiele uml wsiajlz bh uml lnwisl cy f k|`h ubb csbfe ub cl csiekle bxls cy uml Inwlsif`z|wslnfjy, lxla ih uml Inwlsif` z|wlsibs mfe zubbe al|usf`! Ml, mb{lxls, {fz hbsjle ub ufdl

jb`b|s {ium uml jm|sjm fkfiazu uml slhbsnlsz4 uml Wbwl {fz, fz f nfuuls bh jb|szl, ia umlzfnl wsleijfnlau4 fae um|z uml u{b f|umbsiuilz ub {mbn cl`bakle uml bhhijl bh nleifuiba clu{lla jbncfufauz cljfnl umlnzl`xlz uml jmilhz bh bal kslfu hfjuiba ia uml zjmizn bh umlafuibaz! Hl|efìzn, f`slfey lahllc`le fae eizjsleiule fz f wsiajiw`l bh w|cìj sl`fuibaz,h|saizmle ab cbae {mfulxls {mijm {fz zufc`l lab|km ub jb|aulsxfi` uml f`ìfajlz bh slìkiba!Ia f jbaeiuiba, umlslhbsl, bh w|cìj `f{ {mijm {fz ìuu`l `lzz umfa jmfbuij, umbzl xil{z bh fzuful zyzuln ub {mijm uml Sbnfa o|sizjbaz|ùz {lsl z|wwbzle ub mfxl kixla umlis zfajuibaf`bal slnfiale zufaeiak! Uml zmfwl, uml zynnlusy, fae uml wsbnialajl {mijm umly fzz|nleia uml mfaez bh Ksbui|z fsl dab{a ub lxlsy le|jfule nfa4 c|u uml kslfu nfsxl` bh umlUslfuizl ‐El O|sl Cl`ì lu Wfjiz,„ {fz iuz sfwie, jbnw`lul, fae |aixlszf` z|jjlzz! Uml mbssbsz

bh uml Umisuy Ylfsz’ [fs, uml cb|ae`lzz ulssbs fae wiuy {mijm uml |acsie`le ìjlazl bh umlzbèilsy {fz l}jiuiak, n|zu, ab eb|cu, cl ufdla ub l}w`fia umfu z|jjlzz ia zbnl nlfz|sl, c|uumly eb abu {mb``y fjjb|au hbs iu! Xlsy ìuu`l wlalusfuiba iaub uml ielfz bh umfu fkl iz slv|isleub jbaxiajl bal umfu, ih uml ksb|ae w`fa bh uml iaulsafuibaf` leihijl {mijm {fz zdlujmle iauml kslfu cbbd bh Ksbui|z mfe abu fwwlfsle ub cl umlbsluijf``y wlshlju, iu {b|è mfxl cllaeizjfsele cy o|sizuz fae alk`ljule cy zufulznla fae zbèilsz!



<6

Iu iz bcxib|z umfu uml zwlj|`fuixl wlshljuiba bh uml Ksbuifa zyzuln iz iauinful`yjbaaljule {ium umfu jbajlwuiba bh ulssiubsif` zbxlslikauy {mijm {l mfxl clla eizj|zziak!Uml umlbsy bh Iaulsafuibaf` @f{ fzz|nlz umfu jbnnba{lfùmz fsl, sl`fuixl`y ub lfjm bumls,ia f zuful bh afu|sl4 c|u uml jbnwbalau fubnz bh f afu|sf` zbjiluy n|zu, cy uml h|aefnlauf`fzz|nwuiba, cl iaz|`fule fae iaelwlaelau bh lfjm bumls! Ih umlsl cl f mikmls wb{ls jbaaljuiak umln, mb{lxls zìkmu`y fae bjjfzibaf``y, cy uml j`fin bh jbnnba z|wslnfjy,uml xlsy jbajlwuiba bh f jbnnba z|wlsibs iausbe|jlz uml abuiba bh wbziuixl `f{ fae l}j`|elz

uml ielf bh f `f{ afu|sf`! Iu hb``b{z, umlslhbsl, umfu ih uml |aixlszf` z|lsfiauy bh fa Inwlsif`mlfe mfe clla feniuule lxla ia cfsl umlbsy, uml `fcb|sz bh Ksbui|z {b|è mfxl clla ie`l! Abs iz umiz uml ba`y wbiau bh o|ajuiba clu{lla nbelsa w|cìj `f{ fae umbzl xil{z bh zbxlslikauy bh {mijm I mfxl laelfxbsle ub elzjsicl uml elxl`bwnlau! I mfxl zfie umfu umlslfsl lauisl elwfsunlauz bh iaulsafuibaf` o|sizws|elajl {mijm jbazizu bh uml Sbnfa @f{ bh Wsbwlsuy! [mfu umla iz uml iahlslajl2 Iu iz, umfu ih umlsl mfe clla ab z|jm jmfakl fz I mfxlelzjsicle ia uml lzuinful bh zbxlslikauy―ih zbxlslikauy mfe abu clla fzzbjifule {ium uml wsbwsilubszmiw bh f ìniule wbsuiba bh uml lfsum, mfe abu, ia bumls {bsez, cljbnl ulssiubsif`― umsll wfsuz bh uml Ksbuifa umlbsy {b|è mfxl clla iajfwfc`l bh fwwìjfuiba!



<3

JMFWULS X! WSINIUIXL ZBJILUY FAE FAJILAU @F[!Uml aljlzziuy bh z|cniuuiak uml z|colju bh o|sizws|elajl ub zjilauihij uslfunlau mfz

alxls clla lauisl`y `bzu zikmu bh ia nbelsa uinlz, fae uml lzzfyz {mijm uml jbazjib|zalzz bh umiz aljlzziuy mfz wsbe|jle mfxl wsbjllele hsbn niaez bh xlsy xfsib|z jfìcsl, c|u umlsl izabu n|jm wslz|nwuiba, I umiad, ia fzzlsuiak umfu {mfu mfz miumlsub zubbe ia uml w`fjl bh fzjilajl mfz hbs uml nbzu wfsu clla f zlu bh k|lzzlz, umbzl xlsy k|lzzlz bh uml Sbnfa `f{ylsz{mijm {lsl l}fniale ia uml u{b wsljleiak jmfwulsz! F zlsilz bh l}wìjiu zufulnlauz,sljbkaiziak fae febwuiak umlzl jbaolju|sf` umlbsilz bh f afu|sf` zuful, fae bh f zyzuln bh wsiajiw`lz jbaklaif` ub iu, mfz clla jbauia|le {ium c|u csilh iaulss|wuiba hsbn uml efyz bh

umlis iaxlaubsz ub b|s b{a! Umly fwwlfs ia uml faabufuibaz bh uml K`bzzfubsz {mb hb|aelenbelsa o|sizws|elajl, fae ia uml {siuiakz bh uml zjmb`fzuij o|sizuz {mb z|jjllele umln!Umly fsl xizic`l ia uml ebk nfz bh uml jfabaizuz! Umly fsl ums|zu iaub wsbnialajl cy umbzljixiìfaz bh nfsxl``b|z ls|eiuiba, {mb h`b|sizmle fu uml slxixf` bh fajilau `luulsz! Ksbui|z faemiz z|jjlzzbsz iaxlzule umln abu `lzz {ium csi`ìfajy fae w`f|ziciìuy umfa {ium wsfjuijfìnwbsufajl! Umly nfy cl slfe ia uml iausbe|jubsy jmfwulsz bh b|s b{a C`fjdzubal, {mb mfzusfazjsicle umln ul}u|f``y hsbn C|s`fnfv|i, fae {mlslxls uml nfa|f`z w|cìzmle ia uml wslzlau efy hbs uml k|iefajl bh uml zu|elau bs uml wsfjuiuibals clkia {ium fay eizj|zziba bh uml hiszu wsiajiw`lz bh `f{, iu f`{fyz slzb`xlz iuzl`h iaub f slzufulnlau bh uml Sbnfa

mywbumlziz! Iu iz mb{lxls hsbn uml eizk|izlz {ium {mijm umlzl jbaolju|slz zbnluinlz j`bumlumlnzl`xlz, v|iul fz n|jm fz hsbn umlis afuixl hbsn, umfu {l kfia fa felv|ful ielf bh umlz|cu`luy {ium {mijm umly ni} umlnzl`xlz ia m|nfa umb|kmu! Uml @bjdlifa umlbsy bh umlbsikia bh @f{ ia f Zbjif` Jbnwfju zjfsjl`y jbajlf`z iuz Sbnfa elsixfuiba, fae iaelle izba`y uml eslzz cy {mijm uml fajilau xil{z {lsl slaelsle nbsl fuusfjuixl ub f wfsuij|`fs klalsfuiba bh uml nbelsaz4 c|u ba uml bumls mfae uml umlbsy bh Mbcclz ba uml zfnl z|colju{fz w|swbzl`y elxizle ub slw|eiful uml slfìuy bh f `f{ bh afu|sl fz jbajlixle cy uml Sbnfazfae umlis eizjiw`lz! Ylu umlzl u{b umlbsilz, {mijm `bak eixiele uml slh`ljuiak wbìuijifaz bh Lak`fae iaub mbzui`l jfnwz, slzlnc`l lfjm bumls zusiju`y ia umlis h|aefnlauf` fzz|nwuiba bh f aba.mizubsij, |axlsihifc`l, jbaeiuiba bh uml sfjl! Umlis f|umbsz eihhlsle fz ub uml

jmfsfjulsizuijz bh uml wsè.zbjif` zuful, fae fz ub uml afu|sl bh uml fcabsnf` fjuiba cy {mijmnla ìhule umlnzl`xlz b|u bh iu iaub umfu zbjif` bskfaizfuiba {ium {mijm f`bal {l fslfjv|fiaule, c|u umly fkslle ia umiadiak umfu f kslfu jmfzn zlwfsfule nfa ia miz wsiniuixljbaeiuiba hsbn nfa ia zbjiluy fae umiz abuiba {l jfaabu eb|cu umfu umly cbssb{le,jbazjib|z`y bs |ajbazjib|z`y, hsbn uml Sbnfaz! Ih iaelle uml wmlabnlaf bh `f{ clslkfsele ia uml {fy ia {mijm umlzl umlbsizuz slkfsele umln―umfu iz, fz bal xfzu jbnw`l}



<:

{mb`l―iu iz abu z|swsiziak umfu uml niae zmb|è bhula lxfel uml ufzd iu mfz zlu ub iuzl`h cyhf`ìak cfjd ba zbnl iaklaib|z jbaolju|sl {mijm -w`f|zic`y iaulswslule) {i`` zlln ubsljbaji`l lxlsyumiak, bs l`zl umfu iu zmb|è zbnluinlz fco|sl ia elzwfis uml `fcb|s bh zyzulnfuifuiba!

Hsbn uml umlbsilz bh o|sizws|elajl {mijm mfxl uml zfnl zwlj|`fuixl cfziz fz umlSbnfa ebjusial u{b bh n|jm jl`lcsiuy n|zu cl l}jlwule! Uml hiszu bh umln iz umfu fzzbjifule{ium uml kslfu afnl bh Nbaulzv|il|! Umb|km umlsl fsl zbnl fncik|b|z l}wslzzibaz ia uml

lfs`y wfsu bh uml Lzwsiu elz @biz, {mijm zlln ub zmb{ iuz {siuls’z |a{i`ìakalzz ub cslfd v|iul bwla`y {ium uml xil{z miumlsub wbw|`fs, uml klalsf` esihu bh uml cbbd iz jlsufia`y ub iaeijful f xlsy eihhlslau jbajlwuiba bh iuz z|colju hsbn fay {mijm mfe clla laulsufiale clhbsl!Iu mfz bhula clla abuijle umfu, fniezu uml xfzu xfsiluy bh l}fnw`lz {mijm, ia iuz innlazl{ieum bh z|sxly, iu z{llwz ubklumls hsbn z|wwbzle zyzulnz bh o|sizws|elajl, umlsl iz falxielau fa}iluy ub ums|zu iaub lzwljif` wsbnialajl umbzl nfaalsz fae iazuiu|uibaz {mijmfzubaizm uml jixiìle slfels cy umlis |ajb|umalzz, zusfaklalzz, bs iaeljlajy! Uml iahlslajljbazufau`y z|kklzule iz, umfu `f{z fsl uml jslfu|slz bh jìnful, `bjf` ziu|fuiba, fjjielau, bs inwbzu|sl―uml hs|iu bh fay jf|zlz l}jlwu umbzl {mijm fwwlfs ub bwlsful {ium ub`lsfc`ljbazufajy! Nbaulzv|il| zllnz, ia hfju, ub mfxl `bbdle ba uml afu|sl bh nfa fz lauisl`y

w`fzuij, fz wfzzixl`y slwsbe|jiak uml inwslzzibaz, fae z|cniuuiak inwìjiu`y ub uml inw|`zlz,{mijm iu sljlixlz hsbn {iumb|u! Fae mlsl ab eb|cu ìlz uml lssbs {mijm xiuifulz miz zyzuln fzf zyzuln! Ml kslfu`y |aelssfulz uml zufciìuy bh m|nfa afu|sl! Ml wfyz ìuu`l bs ab slkfse ubuml iamlsiule v|fìuilz bh uml sfjl, umbzl v|fìuilz {mijm lfjm klalsfuiba sljlixlz hsbn iuz wsleljlzzbsz, fae usfazniuz c|u zìkmu`y fùlsle ub uml klalsfuiba {mijm hb``b{z iu! Iu iz v|iulus|l, iaelle, umfu ab jbnw`lul fjjb|au jfa cl kixla bh zbjif` wmlabnlaf, fae jbazlv|lau`ybh `f{z, ui`` e|l f``b{fajl mfz clla nfel hbs umbzl nbeihyiak jf|zlz {mijm fsl abuijle iauml Lzwsiu elz @biz4 c|u umlis a|ncls fae umlis hbsjl fwwlfs ub mfxl clla bxlslzuinfule cyNbaulzv|il|! Nfay bh uml fabnfìlz {mijm ml wfsfelz mfxl ziajl clla zmb{a ub slzu ba

hf`zl slwbsuz bs lssbalb|z jbazus|juiba, fae bh umbzl {mijm slnfia abu f hl{ wsbxl uml wlsnfalajl sfumls umfa uml xfsifc`lalzz bh nfa’z afu|sl, ziajl umly fsl slìjz bh bèls zufklzbh uml sfjl {mijm mfxl bczuiaful`y elhile uml iah`|lajlz umfu mfxl l`zl{mlsl mfe lhhlju! Umlus|um iz umfu uml zufc`l wfsu bh b|s nlauf`, nbsf`, fae wmyzijf` jbazuiu|uiba iz uml `fsklzu wfsubh iu, fae uml slzizufajl iu bwwbzlz ub jmfakl iz z|jm umfu, umb|km uml xfsifuibaz bh m|nfazbjiluy ia f wbsuiba bh uml {bsè fsl w`fia lab|km, umly fsl aliumls zb sfwie abs zb l}ulazixlumfu umlis fnb|au, jmfsfjuls, fae klalsf` eisljuiba jfaabu cl fzjlsufiale! Fwwsb}infuiba ubus|um nfy cl f`` umfu iz fuufiafc`l {ium b|s wslzlau dab{`lekl, c|u umlsl iz ab slfzba hbs umiadiak umfu umiz iz zb slnbul, bs -{mfu iz uml zfnl umiak) umfu iu slv|islz zb n|jm h|u|sljbssljuiba, fz ub cl lauisl`y |zl`lzz fae |aiazus|juixl!

Uml bumls umlbsy {mijm mfz clla fexlsule ub iz, uml mizubsijf` umlbsy bh Claumfn! Umizumlbsy {mijm iz bczj|sl`y -fae, iu nikmu lxla cl zfie, uinie`y) wsbwb|aele ia zlxlsf` wfsuzbh Claumfn’z {bsdz iz v|iul eizuiaju hsbn umfu faf`yziz bh uml jbajlwuiba bh `f{ {mijm mljbnnlajle ia uml ‐Hsfknlau ba Kbxlsanlau,„ fae {mijm {fz nbsl sljlau`y jbnw`lule cyNs! Obma F|zuia! Uml slzb`|uiba bh f `f{ iaub f jbnnfae bh f wfsuij|`fs afu|sl, inwbzle



<5

|aels zwljif` jbaeiuibaz, eblz abu fhhlju ub eb nbsl umfa wsbulju |z fkfiazu f eihhij|ùy―fnbzu hbsniefc`l bal jlsufia`y―bh `fak|fkl! Uml {mb`l v|lzuiba slnfiaz bwla fz ub umlnbuixlz bh zbjiluilz ia inwbziak umlzl jbnnfaez ba umlnzl`xlz, fz ub uml jbaal}iba bh umlzl jbnnfaez {ium lfjm bumls, fae uml afu|sl bh umlis elwlaelajl ba umbzl {mijm wsljlele umln, fae {mijm umly mfxl z|wlszlele! Claumfn z|kklzuz uml faz{ls umfu zbjiluilznbeihy fae mfxl f`{fyz nbeihile, umlis `f{z fjjbseiak ub nbeihijfuibaz bh umlis xil{z bh klalsf` l}wleilajy! Iu iz eihhij|ù ub zfy umfu umiz wsbwbziuiba iz hf`zl, c|u iu jlsufia`y fwwlfszub cl |ahs|iuh|`! Hbs umfu {mijm zllnz l}wleilau ub f zbjiluy, bs sfumls ub uml kbxlsaiak wfsu

bh iu, {mla iu fùlsz f s|`l bh `f{ iz z|sl`y uml zfnl umiak fz uml bcolju, {mfulxls iu nfy cl,{mijm iu mfz ia xil{ {mla iu nfdlz uml jmfakl! L}wleilajy fae uml kslfulzu kbbe fslabumiak nbsl umfa eihhlslau afnlz hbs uml inw|`zl {mijm wsbnwuz uml nbeihijfuiba4 fae{mla {l `fy eb{a l}wleilajy fz uml s|`l bh jmfakl ia `f{ bs bwiaiba, f`` {l klu cy uml wsbwbziuiba iz uml z|czuiu|uiba bh fa l}wslzz ulsn hbs f ulsn {mijm iz aljlzzfsi`y inwìle{mla {l zfy umfu f jmfakl ufdlz w`fjl!

Umlsl iz z|jm {iel.zwslfe eizzfuizhfjuiba {ium l}izuiak umlbsilz bh o|sizws|elajl, faezb klalsf` f jbaxijuiba umfu umly eb abu slf``y zb`xl uml v|lzuibaz umly wslulae ub eizwbzl bh,fz ub o|zuihy uml z|zwijiba umfu zbnl ìal bh iav|isy, aljlzzfsy ub f wlshlju slz|ù, mfz clla

iajbnw`lul`y hb``b{le bs fùbklumls bniuule cy umlis f|umbsz! Fae iaelle umlsl iz balslnfsdfc`l bnizziba {ium {mijm f`` umlzl zwlj|`fuibaz fsl jmfsklfc`l, l}jlwu wlsmfwz umbzlbh Nbaulzv|il|! Umly ufdl ab fjjb|au bh {mfu `f{ mfz fju|f``y clla fu lwbjmz slnbul hsbnuml wfsuij|`fs wlsibe fu {mijm umly nfel umlis fwwlfsfajl! Umlis bsikiafubs jfslh|``ybczlsxle uml iazuiu|uibaz bh umlis b{a fkl fae jixiìzfuiba, fae umbzl bh bumls fklz faejixiìzfuibaz {ium {mijm umly mfe zbnl elksll bh iaul``lju|f` zynwfumy, c|u, {mla umlyu|sale umlis fuulauiba ub fsjmfij zufulz bh zbjiluy {mijm l}miciule n|jm z|wlshijif` eihhls lajl hsbn umlis b{a, umly |aihbsn`y jlfzle ub bczlsxl fae clkfa k|lzziak! Uml nizufdl{mijm umly jbnniuule iz umlslhbsl faf`bkb|z ub uml lssbs bh bal {mb, ia iaxlzuikfuiak uml

`f{z bh uml nfulsif` |aixlszl, zmb|è jbnnlajl cy jbaulnw`fuiak uml l}izuiak wmyzijf`{bsè fz f {mb`l, iazulfe bh clkiaaiak {ium uml wfsuij`lz {mijm fsl iuz zinw`lzu iaksleilauz!Bal eblz abu jlsufia`y zll {my z|jm f zjilauihij zb`ljizn zmb|è cl nbsl elhlazic`l ia o|sizws|elajl umfa ia fay bumls slkiba bh umb|kmu! Iu {b|è zlln fauljlelau`y umfu {l b|kmuub jbnnlajl {ium uml zinw`lzu zbjif` hbsnz ia f zuful fz alfs fz wbzzic`l ub umlis s|einlaufsy jbaeiuiba! Ia bumls {bsez, ih {l hb``b{le uml jb|szl |z|f` ia z|jm iav|isilz, {lzmb|è wlalusful fz hfs |w fz {l jb|è ia uml mizubsy bh wsiniuixl zbjiluilz! Uml wmlabnlaf{mijm lfs`y zbjiluilz wslzlau |z {ium fsl abu lfzy fu hiszu ub |aelszufae, c|u uml eihhij|ùy bh ksfwwìak {ium umln clfsz ab wsbwbsuiba ub uml wlsw`l}iuilz {mijm clzlu |z ia jbazielsiak uml cfhhìak laufak`lnlau bh nbelsa zbjif` bskfaizfuiba! Iu iz f eihhij|ùy fsiziak hsbn umlis

zusfaklalzz fae |ajb|umalzz, abu hsbn umlis a|ncls fae jbnw`l}iuy! Bal eblz abu slfei`yklu bxls uml z|swsizl {mijm umly bjjfziba {mla `bbdle fu hsbn f nbelsa wbiau bh xil{4 c|u{mla umfu iz z|snb|aule umly fsl hl{ lab|km fae zinw`l lab|km! C|u, lxla ih umly kfxlnbsl usb|c`l umfa umly eb, ab wfiaz {b|è cl {fzule ia fzjlsufiaiak uml klsnz b|u bh {mijmmfz fzz|sle`y clla |ahbèle lxlsy hbsn bh nbsf` slzusfiau {mijm jbausb`z b|s fjuibaz faezmfwlz b|s jbae|ju fu uml wslzlau nbnlau!



<<

Uml s|einlauz bh uml zbjif` zuful, zb hfs fz umly fsl dab{a ub |z fu f``, fsl dab{aumsb|km ulzuinbay bh umsll zbsuz―fjjb|auz cy jbaulnwbsfsy bczlsxlsz bh jixiìzfuiba `lzzfexfajle umfa umlis b{a, uml sljbsez {mijm wfsuij|`fs sfjlz mfxl wslzlsxle jbajlsaiak umlis wsiniuixl mizubsy, fae fajilau `f{! Uml hiszu diae bh lxielajl iz uml clzu {l jb|è mfxll}wljule! Fz zbjiluilz eb abu fexfajl jbaj|sslau`y, c|u fu eihhlslau sfulz bh wsbkslzz, umlslmfxl clla lwbjmz fu {mijm nla usfiale ub mfciuz bh nlumbeijf` bczlsxfuiba mfxl slf``y cllaia f wbziuiba ub {fujm fae elzjsicl uml iahfajy bh nfadiae! Ufjiu|z nfel uml nbzu bh z|jm

fa bwwbsu|aiuy4 c|u uml Klsnfay, |aìdl nbzu jl`lcsfule j`fzzijf` cbbdz, mfz abu iae|jlebumlsz ub hb``b{ uml l}jl``lau l}fnw`l zlu cy iuz f|umbs, fae uml fnb|au bh umiz zbsu bh ulzuinbay {mijm {l wbzzlzz iz l}jlleiak`y znf``! Uml `bhuy jbaulnwu {mijm f jixiìzle wlbw`l laulsufiaz hbs cfscfsb|z alikmcb|sz mfz jf|zle f slnfsdfc`l alkìklajl ia bczlsxiakumln, fae umiz jfsl`lzzalzz mfz clla fkksfxfule fu uinlz cy hlfs, cy slìkib|z wslo|eijl, faelxla cy uml |zl bh umlzl xlsy ulsnz―jixiìzfuiba fae cfscfsizn―{mijm jbaxly ub nbzu wlszbaz uml inwslzziba bh f eihhlslajl abu nlsl`y ia elksll c|u ia diae! Lxla uml Klsnfaymfz clla z|zwljule cy zbnl jsiuijz bh zfjsihijiak hielìuy ub wbikafajy bh jbausfzu fae wiju|slzv|lalzz bh afssfuixl! Bumls mizubsilz ubb, {mijm mfxl clla mfaele eb{a ub |z fnbakuml fsjmixlz bh uml wlbw`l ub {mbzl iahfajy umly sl`ful, mfxl clla umb|kmu eizubsule cy uml

wsiel bh sfjl bs cy uml slìkib|z zlauinlau bh f al{ls fkl! Iu iz inwbsufau umla ub bczlsxl umfuumlzl z|zwijibaz, {mlumls ksb|ae`lzz bs sfuibaf`, eb abu fuufjm ub f kslfu elf` bh fsjmfij `f{!N|jm bh uml bè `f{ {mijm mfz elzjlaele ub |z {fz wslzlsxle nlsl`y cljf|zl iu {fz bè!Umbzl {mb wsfjuizle fae bclyle iu eie abu wslulae ub |aelszufae iu4 fae ia zbnl jfzlz umlylxla sieij|`le fae elzwizle iu! Umly bhhlsle ab fjjb|au bh iu l}jlwu umfu iu mfe jbnl eb{a ubumln hsbn umlis fajlzubsz! Ih {l jbahial b|s fuulauiba, umla, ub umbzl hsfknlauz bh fajilauiazuiu|uibaz {mijm jfaabu slfzbafc`y cl z|wwbzle ub mfxl clla ufnwlsle {ium, {l fsl fc`l ubkfia f j`lfs jbajlwuiba bh jlsufia kslfu jmfsfjulsizuijz bh uml zbjiluy ub {mijm umly bsikiaf``y cl`bakle! Fexfajiak f zulw h|sumls, {l jfa fww`y b|s dab{`lekl ub zyzulnz bh `f{ {mijm,

ìdl uml Jbel bh Nla|, fsl fz f {mb`l bh z|zwijib|z f|umlauijiuy4 fae, |ziak uml dly {l mfxlbcufiale, {l fsl ia f wbziuiba ub eizjsiniaful umbzl wbsuibaz bh umln {mijm fsl us|`y fsjmfijhsbn umbzl {mijm mfxl clla fhhljule cy uml wslo|eijlz, iaulslzuz, bs ikabsfajl bh umljbnwi`ls! Iu {i`` fu `lfzu cl fjdab{`lekle umfu, ih uml nfulsif`z hbs umiz wsbjlzz fsl z|hhijilau,fae ih uml jbnwfsizbaz cl fjj|sful`y l}lj|ule, uml nlumbez hb``b{le fsl fz ìuu`lbcoljuibafc`l fz umbzl {mijm mfxl `le ub z|jm z|swsiziak slz|ùz ia jbnwfsfuixl wmi`b`bky!

Uml lhhlju bh uml lxielajl elsixle hsbn jbnwfsfuixl o|sizws|elajl iz ub lzufcìzm umfuxil{ bh uml wsinlxf` jbaeiuiba bh uml m|nfa sfjl {mijm iz dab{a fz uml Wfusifsjmf` Umlbsy!Umlsl iz ab eb|cu, bh jb|szl, umfu umiz umlbsy {fz bsikiaf``y cfzle ba uml Zjsiwu|sf` mizubsy bh

uml Mlcsl{ wfusifsjmz ia @b{ls Fzif4 c|u, fz mfz clla l}w`fiale f`slfey, iuz jbaal}iba {iumZjsiwu|sl sfumls niìufule umfa bumls{izl fkfiazu iuz sljlwuiba fz f jbnw`lul umlbsy, ziajl umlnfobsiuy bh uml iav|islsz {mb ui`` sljlau`y feeslzzle umlnzl`xlz {ium nbzu lfsalzualzz ub umljb`ìkfuiba bh zbjif` wmlabnlaf, {lsl liumls iah`|lajle cy uml zusbaklzu wslo|eijl fkfiazuMlcsl{ fauiv|iuilz bs cy uml zusbaklzu elzisl ub jbazus|ju umlis zyzuln {iumb|u uml fzzizufajlbh slìkib|z sljbsez! Lxla ab{ umlsl iz wlsmfwz f eizwbziuiba ub |aelsxf`|l umlzl fjjb|auz, bs



<8

sfumls ub eljìal klalsfìziak hsbn umln, fz hbsniak wfsu bh uml usfeiuibaz bh f Zlniuij wlbw`l! Iu iz ub cl abule, mb{lxls, umfu uml `lkf` ulzuinbay jbnlz alfs`y l}j`|zixl`y hsbn umliazuiu|uibaz bh zbjiluilz cl`bakiak ub uml Iaeb.L|sbwlfa zubjd, uml Sbnfaz Miaebbz, faeZj`fxbaifaz, z|ww`yiak uml kslfuls wfsu bh iu4 fae iaelle uml eihhij|ùy, fu uml wslzlau zufkl bh uml iav|isy, iz ub dab{ {mlsl ub zubw, ub zfy bh {mfu sfjlz bh nla iu iz abu f``b{fc`l ub `fyeb{a umfu uml zbjiluy ia {mijm umly fsl |aiule {fz bsikiaf``y bskfaizle ba uml wfusifsjmf`nbel`! Uml jmilh ìalfnlauz bh z|jm f zbjiluy, fz jb``ljule hsbn uml lfs`y jmfwulsz iaKlalziz, I alle abu fuulnwu ub elwiju {ium fay nia|ulalzz, cbum cljf|zl umly fsl hfniìfs ub

nbzu bh |z hsbn b|s lfsìlzu jmièmbbe, fae cljf|zl, hsbn uml iaulslzu bajl fuufjmiak ub umljbausbxlszy {mijm ufdlz iuz afnl hsbn uml elcful clu{lla @bjdl fae Hi`nls, umly hi`` f{mb`l jmfwuls, umb|km abu f xlsy wsbhiufc`l bal, ia Lakìzm ìulsfu|sl! Uml wbiauz {mijm ìlba uml z|shfjl bh uml mizubsy fsl umlzl?―Uml lèlzu nf`l wfslau―uml lèlzu fzjlaefau―izfczb`|ul`y z|wslnl ia miz mb|zlmbè! Miz ebniaiba l}ulaez ub ìhl fae elfum, fae iz fz|av|fìhile bxls miz jmièsla fae umlis mb|zlz fz bxls miz z`fxlz4 iaelle uml sl`fuibaz bh zbazmiw fae zlshebn fwwlfs ub eihhls ia ìuu`l clybae uml mikmls jfwfjiuy {mijm uml jmiè ia c`bbe wbzzlzzlz bh cljbniak bal efy uml mlfe bh f hfni`y minzl`h! Uml h`bjdz fae mlsez bh uml jmièsla fsl uml h`bjdz fae mlsez bh uml hfumls, fae uml wbzzlzzibaz bh uml wfslau, {mijmml mbèz ia f slwslzlaufuixl sfumls umfa ia f wsbwsilufsy jmfsfjuls, fsl lv|f``y eixiele fu miz

elfum fnbak miz elzjlaefauz ia uml hiszu elksll, uml lèlzu zba zbnluinlz sljlixiak f eb|c`lzmfsl |aels uml afnl bh cisumsikmu, c|u nbsl klalsf``y laeb{le {ium ab mlsleiufsyfexfaufkl clybae fa mbabsfsy wsljlelajl! F `lzz bcxib|z iahlslajl hsbn uml Zjsiwu|sf`fjjb|auz iz umfu umly zlln ub w`fau |z ba uml usfjlz bh uml cslfjm {mijm iz hiszu lhhljule ia umllnwisl bh uml wfslau! Uml hfniìlz bh Ofjbc fae Lzf| zlwfsful fae hbsn u{b afuibaz4 c|u umlhfniìlz bh Ofjbc’z jmièsla mbè ubklumls fae cljbnl f wlbw`l! Umiz `bbdz ìdl umlinnfu|sl klsn bh f zuful bs jbnnba{lfùm, fae bh fa bsels bh sikmuz z|wlsibs ub uml j`finzbh hfni`y sl`fuiba!

Ih I {lsl fuulnwuiak, hbs uml nbsl zwljif` w|s wbzlz bh uml o|sizu, ub l}wslzzjbnwlaeib|z`y uml jmfsfjulsizuijz bh uml ziu|fuiba ia {mijm nfadiae eizj`bzl umlnzl`xlz fuuml ef{a bh umlis mizubsy, I zmb|è cl zfuizhile ub v|bul f hl{ xlszlz hsbn uml Beyzzly bh Mbnls?

υβιϊιξ ε’ βόυ’ ζκβφζι γβόδλϜπφβι βόυμ ϖή¼ιϊυμσ!

! ! ! ϖμ¼ιϊυμώμι εμ Μοζϊυβσ χζεωξ λε’ ζδπϋωξ βόε’ ζδδΡδωξ ζδήκβόϊιξ!

‐Umly mfxl aliumls fzzlncìlz hbs jbaz|ùfuiba abs umlnizulz, c|u lxlsy bal l}lsjizlz o|sizeijuiba bxls miz {ixlz fae miz jmièsla, fae umly wfy ab slkfse ub bal fabumls!„ Umlzlìalz fsl fwwìle ub uml Jyj`bwz, fae iu nfy abu wlsmfwz cl fa fùbklumls hfajih|` ielf {mla Iz|kklzu umfu uml Jyj`bwz iz Mbnls’z uywl bh fa fìla fae `lzz fexfajle jixiìzfuiba4 hbs umlf`nbzu wmyzijf` `bfumiak {mijm f wsiniuixl jbnn|aiuy hll`z hbs nla bh {iel`y eihhlslaunfaalsz hsbn iuz b{a |z|f``y l}wslzzlz iuzl`h cy elzjsiciak umln fz nbazulsz, z|jm fz



<;

kifauz, bs lxla -{mijm iz f`nbzu f`{fyz uml jfzl ia Bsilauf` nyumb`bky) fz elnbaz! Mb{lxls umfu nfy cl, uml xlszlz jbaelazl ia umlnzl`xlz uml z|n bh uml miauz {mijm fsl kixla |z cy`lkf` fauiv|iuilz! Nla fsl hiszu zlla eizusic|ule ia wlshlju`y iaz|`fule ksb|wz mlè ubklumls cybcleilajl ub uml wfslau! @f{ iz uml wfslau’z {bse, c|u iu iz abu ylu ia uml jbaeiuiba bh umbzlumlnizulz {mijm {lsl faf`yzle ia uml hiszu jmfwuls bh umiz {bsd! [mla {l kb hbs{fse ub umlzuful bh zbjiluy ia {mijm umlzl lfs`y `lkf` jbajlwuibaz zmb{ umlnzl`xlz fz hbsnle, {l hiaeumfu umly zui`` wfsufdl bh uml nyzulsy fae zwbaufaliuy {mijm n|zu mfxl zllnle ubjmfsfjulsizl f elzwbuij hfumls’z jbnnfaez, c|u umfu fu uml zfnl uinl, iafzn|jm fz umly

wsbjlle hsbn f zbxlslika, umly wslz|wwbzl f |aiba bh hfni`y ksb|wz ia zbnl {iels bskfaizfuiba! Uml al}u v|lzuiba iz, {mfu iz uml afu|sl bh umiz |aiba fae uml elksll bh iauinfjy {mijm iu iaxb`xlz2 Iu iz o|zu mlsl umfu fsjmfij `f{ slaelsz |z bal bh uml kslfulzu bh iuz zlsxijlz fae hi``z |w f kfw {mijm bumls{izl jb|è ba`y mfxl clla csiekle cy jbaolju|sl! Iuiz h|``, ia f`` iuz wsbxiajlz, bh uml j`lfslzu iaeijfuibaz umfu zbjiluy ia wsiniuixl uinlz {fz abu{mfu iu iz fzz|nle ub cl fu wslzlau, f jb``ljuiba bh iaeixie|f`z! Ia hfju, fae ia uml xil{ bh umlnla {mb jbnwbzle iu, iu {fz fa fkkslkfuiba bh hfniìlz! Uml jbausfzu nfy cl nbzu hbsjic`yl}wslzzle cy zfyiak umfu uml |aiu bh fa fajilau zbjiluy {fz uml Hfni`y, bh f nbelsa zbjiluyuml Iaeixie|f`! [l n|zu cl wslwfsle ub hiae ia fajilau `f{ f`` uml jbazlv|lajlz bh umizeihhlslajl! Iu iz zb hsfnle fz ub cl feo|zule ub f zyzuln bh znf`` iaelwlaelau jbswbsfuibaz! Iu

iz umlslhbsl zjfauy, cljf|zl iu iz z|ww`lnlaule cy uml elzwbuij jbnnfaez bh uml mlfez bh mb|zlmbèz! Iu iz jlslnbaib|z, cljf|zl uml usfazfjuibaz ub {mijm iu wfyz slkfse slzlnc`liaulsafuibaf` jbajlsaz n|jm nbsl umfa uml v|ijd w`fy bh iaulsjb|szl clu{lla iaeixie|f`z!Fcbxl f`` iu mfz f wlj|ìfsiuy bh {mijm uml h|`` inwbsufajl jfaabu cl zmb{a fu wslzlau! Iuufdlz f xil{ bh ìhl {mb``y |aìdl fay {mijm fwwlfsz ia elxl`bwle o|sizws|elajl!Jbswbsfuibaz alxls eil, fae fjjbseiak`y wsiniuixl `f{ jbazielsz uml lauiuilz {ium {mijm iuelf`z, i! l! uml wfusifsjmf` bs hfni`y ksb|wz, fz wlswlu|f` fae ial}uiak|izmfc`l! Umiz xil{ izj`bzl`y f`ìle ub uml wlj|ìfs fzwlju |aels {mijm, ia xlsy fajilau uinlz, nbsf` fuusic|ulz wslzlau umlnzl`xlz! Uml nbsf` l`lxfuiba fae nbsf` elcfzlnlau bh uml iaeixie|f` fwwlfs ub

cl jbahb|aele {ium, bs wbzuwbale ub, uml nlsiuz fae bhhlajlz bh uml ksb|w ub {mijm umliaeixie|f` cl`bakz! Ih uml jbnn|aiuy ziaz, iuz k|iù iz n|jm nbsl umfa uml z|n bh umlbhhlajlz jbnniuule cy iuz nlnclsz4 uml jsinl iz f jbswbsful fju, fae l}ulaez ia iuzjbazlv|lajlz ub nfay nbsl wlszbaz umfa mfxl zmfsle ia iuz fju|f` wlswlusfuiba! Ih, ba umlbumls mfae, uml iaeixie|f` iz jbazwij|b|z`y k|iùy, iu iz miz jmièsla, miz diazhb`d, mizusiclznla, bs miz hl``b{.jiuilaz, {mb z|hhls {ium min, fae zbnluinlz hbs min! Iu um|zmfwwlaz umfu uml ielfz bh nbsf` slzwbaziciìuy fae slusic|uiba bhula zlln ub cl nbsl j`lfs`yslfìzle fu xlsy fajilau umfa fu nbsl fexfajle wlsibez, hbs, fz uml hfni`y ksb|w iz innbsuf`,fae iuz ìfciìuy ub w|aizmnlau iaelhiaiul, uml wsiniuixl niae iz abu wlsw`l}le cy umlv|lzuibaz {mijm cljbnl usb|c`lzbnl fz zbba fz uml iaeixie|f` iz jbajlixle fz fùbklumls

zlwfsful hsbn uml ksb|w! Bal zulw ia uml usfaziuiba hsbn uml fajilau fae zinw`l xil{ bh umlnfuuls ub uml umlb`bkijf` bs nlufwmyzijf` l}w`fafuiba bh `fuls efyz iz nfsdle cy uml lfs`yKslld abuiba bh fa iamlsiule j|szl! Uml clv|lzu sljlixle cy miz wbzulsiuy hsbn uml bsikiaf`jsiniaf` {fz abu f ìfciìuy ub w|aizmnlau, c|u f ìfciìuy ub uml jbnnizziba bh hslzm bhhlajlz{mijm esl{ {ium umln f jbaeika slusic|uiba4 fae um|z uml slzwbaziciìuy bh uml hfni`y {fz



<=

sljbaji`le {ium uml al{ls wmfzl bh umb|kmu {mijm ìniule uml jbazlv|lajlz bh jsinl ub uml wlszba bh uml fju|f` elìav|lau!

Iu {b|è cl f xlsy zinw`l l}w`fafuiba bh uml bsikia bh zbjiluy ih {l jb|è cfzl fklalsf` jbaj`|ziba ba uml miau h|saizmle |z cy uml Zjsiwu|sf` l}fnw`l f`slfey fexlsule ub,fae jb|è z|wwbzl umfu jbnn|aiuilz clkfa ub l}izu {mlslxls f hfni`y mlè ubklumls iazulfebh zlwfsfuiak fu uml elfum bh iuz wfusifsjmf` jmilhufia! Ia nbzu bh uml Kslld zufulz fae ia Sbnlumlsl `bak slnfiale uml xlzuiklz bh fa fzjlaeiak zlsilz bh ksb|wz b|u bh {mijm uml Zuful {fz

fu hiszu jbazuiu|ule! Uml Hfni`y, Mb|zl, fae Usicl bh uml Sbnfaz nfy cl ufdla fz uml uywl bh umln, fae umly fsl zb elzjsicle ub |z umfu {l jfa zjfsjl`y ml`w jbajlixiak umln fz f zyzulnbh jbajlausij jisj`lz {mijm mfxl ksfe|f``y l}wfaele hsbn uml zfnl wbiau! Uml l`lnlaufsyksb|w iz uml Hfni`y, jbaaljule cy jbnnba z|coljuiba ub uml mikmlzu nf`l fzjlaefau! Umlfkkslkfuiba bh Hfniìlz hbsnz uml Klaz bs Mb|zl! Uml fkkslkfuiba bh Mb|zlz nfdlz umlUsicl! Uml fkkslkfuiba bh Usiclz jbazuiu|ulz uml Jbnnba{lfùm! Fsl {l fu ìclsuy ub hb``b{umlzl iaeijfuibaz, fae ub `fy eb{a umfu uml jbnnba{lfùm iz f jb``ljuiba bh wlszbaz |aiule cy jbnnba elzjlau hsbn uml wsbklaiubs bh fa bsikiaf` hfni`y2 Bh umiz {l nfy fu `lfzu cljlsufia, umfu f`` fajilau zbjiluilz slkfsele umlnzl`xlz fz mfxiak wsbjllele hsbn bal bsikiaf`zubjd, fae lxla `fcb|sle |aels fa iajfwfjiuy hbs jbnwslmlaeiak fay slfzba l}jlwu umiz hbs

umlis mbèiak ubklumls ia wbìuijf` |aiba! Uml mizubsy bh wbìuijf` ielfz clkiaz, ia hfju, {iumuml fzz|nwuiba umfu diazmiw ia c`bbe iz uml zb`l wbzzic`l ksb|ae bh jbnn|aiuy ia wbìuijf`h|ajuibaz abs iz umlsl fay bh umbzl z|cxlszibaz bh hllìak, {mijm {l ulsn lnwmfuijf``yslxb`|uibaz, zb zufsuìak fae zb jbnw`lul fz uml jmfakl {mijm iz fjjbnwìzmle {mla zbnlbumls wsiajiw`l―z|jm fz umfu, hbs iazufajl bh `bjf` jbauik|iuy―lzufcìzmlz iuzl`h hbs uml hiszuuinl fz uml cfziz bh jbnnba wbìuijf` fjuiba! Iu nfy cl fhhisnle umla bh lfs`yjbnnba{lfùmz umfu umlis jiuilaz jbazielsle f`` uml ksb|wz ia {mijm umly j`finlenlnclszmiw ub cl hb|aele ba jbnnba ìalfkl! [mfu {fz bcxib|z`y us|l bh uml Hfni`y {fz clìlxle ub cl us|l, hiszu bh uml Mb|zl, al}u bh uml Usicl, `fzu`y bh uml Zuful! Fae ylu {l hiae

umfu f`bak {ium umiz clìlh, bs, ih {l nfy |zl uml {bse, umiz umlbsy, lfjm jbnn|aiuy wslzlsxle sljbsez bs usfeiuibaz {mijm eizuiaju`y zmb{le umfu uml h|aefnlauf` fzz|nwuiba {fzhf`zl! [mlumls {l `bbd ub uml Kslld zufulz, bs ub Sbnl, bs ub uml Ul|ubaij fsizubjsfjilz iaEiunfszm {mijm h|saizmle Ailc|ms {ium zb nfay xf`|fc`l i``|zusfuibaz, bs ub uml Jlùij j`fafzzbjifuibaz, bs ub umfu zusfakl zbjif` bskfaizfuiba bh uml Zj`fxbaij S|zzifaz fae Wb`lz {mijmmfz ba`y `ful`y fuusfjule abuijl, lxlsy{mlsl {l eizjbxls usfjlz bh wfzzfklz ia umlis mizubsy{mla nla bh fìla elzjlau {lsl feniuule ub, fae fnf`kfnfule {ium, uml bsikiaf` csbumlsmbbe! Fexlsuiak ub Sbnl ziak`y, {l wlsjlixl umfu uml wsinfsy ksb|w, uml Hfni`y, {fz cliak jbazufau`y fe|ùlsfule cy uml wsfjuijl bh febwuiba, {mi`l zubsilz zlln ub mfxl cllaf`{fyz j|sslau slzwljuiak uml l}buij l}usfjuiba bh bal bh uml bsikiaf` Usiclz fae jbajlsaiak f

`fskl feeiuiba ub uml Mb|zlz nfel cy bal bh uml lfs`y diakz! Uml jbnwbziuiba bh uml zuful|aihbsn`y fzz|nle ub cl afu|sf`, {fz alxlsuml`lzz dab{a ub cl ia kslfu nlfz|sl fsuihijif`!Umiz jbahìju clu{lla clìlh bs umlbsy fae abubsib|z hfju iz fu hiszu zikmu l}uslnl`y wlsw`l}iak4 c|u {mfu iu slf``y i``|zusfulz iz uml lhhijilajy {ium {mijm @lkf` Hijuibaz eb umlis {bsd ia uml iahfajy bh zbjiluy! Uml lfsìlzu fae nbzu l}ulazixl`y lnw`byle bh `lkf` hijuibaz{fz umfu {mijm wlsniuule hfni`y sl`fuibaz ub cl jslfule fsuihijif``y, fae umlsl iz abal ub



<9

{mijm I jbajlixl nfadiae ub cl nbsl ellw`y iaelcule! Ih iu mfe alxls l}izule, I eb abu zllmb{ fay bal bh uml wsiniuixl ksb|wz, {mfulxls {lsl umlis afu|sl, jb|è mfxl fczbsclefabumls, bs ba {mfu ulsnz fay u{b bh umln jb|è mfxl jbnciale, l}jlwu umbzl bh fczb`|ulz|wlsibsiuy ba bal ziel fae fczb`|ul z|coljuiba ba uml bumls! Ab eb|cu, {mla {ium b|s nbelsa ielfz {l jbaulnw`ful uml |aiba bh iaelwlaelau jbnn|aiuilz, {l jfa z|kklzu fm|aesle nbelz bh jfssyiak iu b|u, uml zinw`lzu bh f`` cliak umfu uml iaeixie|f`z jbnwsizle iauml jbf`lzjiak ksb|wz zmf`` xbul bs fju ubklumls fjjbseiak ub `bjf` wsbwiav|iuy4 c|u uml ielfumfu f a|ncls bh wlszbaz zmb|è l}lsjizl wbìuijf` sikmuz ia jbnnba zinw`y cljf|zl umly

mfwwlale ub ìxl {iumia uml zfnl ubwbksfwmijf` ìniuz {fz |uuls`y zusfakl fae nbazusb|z ub wsiniuixl fauiv|iuy! Uml l}wleilau {mijm ia umbzl uinlz jbnnfaele hfxb|s {fz umfu umliajbniak wbw|`fuiba zmb|è hlika umlnzl`xlz ub cl elzjlaele hsbn uml zfnl zubjd fz uml wlbw`l ba {mbn umly {lsl laksfhule4 fae iu iz wsljizl`y uml kbbe hfium bh umiz hijuiba, fae umlj`bzlalzz {ium {mijm iu zllnle ub iniuful slfìuy, umfu {l jfaabu ab{ mbwl ub |aelszufae!Bal jisj|nzufajl, mb{lxls, {mijm iu iz inwbsufau ub sljb``lju, iz umfu uml nla {mb hbsnleuml xfsib|z wbìuijf` ksb|wz {lsl jlsufia`y ia uml mfciu bh nlluiak ubklumls wlsibeijf``y, hbs uml w|swbzl bh fjdab{`lekiak fae jbazljsfuiak umlis fzzbjifuiba cy jbnnba zfjsihijlz!Zusfaklsz fnf`kfnfule {ium uml csbumlsmbbe {lsl eb|cu`lzz feniuule ub umlzl zfjsihijlz4fae {mla umfu {fz bajl ebal, {l jfa clìlxl umfu iu zllnle lv|f``y lfzy, bs abu nbsl

eihhij|ù, ub jbajlixl umln fz zmfsiak ia uml jbnnba ìalfkl! Uml jbaj`|ziba umla {mijm izz|kklzule cy uml lxielajl iz, abu umfu f`` lfs`y zbjiluilz {lsl hbsnle cy elzjlau hsbn umlzfnl fajlzubs, c|u umfu f`` bh umln {mijm mfe fay wlsnfalajl fae zbìeiuy liumls {lsl zbelzjlaele bs fzz|nle umfu umly {lsl! Fa iaelhiaiul a|ncls bh jf|zlz nfy mfxl zmfuulsleuml wsiniuixl ksb|wz, c|u {mlslxls umlis iaksleilauz sljbnciale, iu {fz ba uml nbel` bs wsiajiw`l bh fa fzzbjifuiba bh diaesle! [mfulxls {lsl uml hfju, f`` umb|kmu, `fak|fkl, fae `f{feo|zule umlnzl`xlz ub uml fzz|nwuiba! C|u umb|km f`` umiz zllnz ub nl ub cl lzufcìzmle{ium slhlslajl ub uml jbnn|aiuilz {ium {mbzl sljbsez {l fsl fjv|fiaule, uml slnfiaels bh umlis mizubsy z|zufiaz uml wbziuiba clhbsl `fie eb{a fz ub uml lzzlauif``y usfazilau fae

ulsniafc`l iah`|lajl bh uml nbzu wb{lsh|` @lkf` Hijuibaz! Fu zbnl wbiau bh uinl―wsbcfc`yfz zbba fz umly hlù umlnzl`xlz zusbak lab|km ub slzizu l}usiazij wslzz|sl―f`` umlzl zufulzjlfzle ub sljs|iu umlnzl`xlz cy hfjuiuib|z l}ulazibaz bh jbazfak|iaiuy! Umly aljlzzfsi`y,umlslhbsl, cljfnl Fsizubjsfjilz, ia f`` jfzlz {mlsl f hslzm wbw|`fuiba hsbn fay jf|zljb``ljule fsb|ae umln {mijm jb|è w|u ia ab j`fin ub jbnn|aiuy bh bsikia! Umlis zulsaalzzia nfiaufiaiak uml jlausf` wsiajiw`l bh f zyzuln |aels {mijm wbìuijf` sikmuz {lsl fuufiafc`lba ab ulsnz {mfulxls l}jlwu jbaal}iba ia c`bbe, slf` bs fsuihijif`, uf|kmu umlis iahlsibszfabumls wsiajiw`l, {mijm wsbxle ub cl laeb{le {ium f hfs mikmls nlfz|sl bh xiufìuy! Umiz{fz uml wsiajiw`l bh `bjf` jbauik|iuy, ab{ sljbkaizle lxlsy{mlsl fz uml jbaeiuiba bh jbnn|aiuy ia wbìuijf` h|ajuibaz! F al{ zlu bh wbìuijf` ielfz jfnl fu bajl iaub l}izulajl,

{mijm, cliak umbzl bh b|szl`xlz, b|s jbaulnwbsfsilz, fae ia kslfu nlfz|sl bh b|s fajlzubsz,sfumls bczj|sl b|s wlsjlwuiba bh uml bèls umlbsy {mijm umly xfav|izmle fae elumsbale!

Uml Hfni`y umla iz uml uywl bh fa fsjmfij zbjiluy ia f`` uml nbeihijfuibaz {mijm iu {fzjfwfc`l bh fzz|niak4 c|u uml hfni`y mlsl zwbdla bh iz abu l}fju`y uml hfni`y fz |aelszubbe cy f nbelsa! Ia bsels ub slfjm uml fajilau jbajlwuiba {l n|zu kixl ub b|s nbelsa ielfz fa



87

inwbsufau l}ulaziba fae fa inwbsufau ìniufuiba! [l n|zu `bbd ba uml hfni`y fz jbazufau`yla`fskle cy uml fczbswuiba bh zusfaklsz {iumia iuz jisj`l, fae {l n|zu usy ub slkfse uml hijuibabh febwuiba fz zb j`bzl`y zin|`fuiak uml slfìuy bh diazmiw umfu aliumls `f{ abs bwiaiba nfdlzuml zìkmulzu eihhlslajl clu{lla f slf` fae fa febwuixl jbaal}iba! Ba uml bumls mfae, uml wlszbaz umlbsluijf``y fnf`kfnfule iaub f hfni`y cy umlis jbnnba elzjlau fsl wsfjuijf``ymlè ubklumls cy jbnnba bcleilajl ub umlis mikmlzu ìxiak fzjlaefau, uml hfumls, ksfaehfumls,bs kslfu.ksfaehfumls! Uml wfusifsjmf` f|umbsiuy bh f jmilhufia iz fz aljlzzfsy fa iaksleilau iauml abuiba bh uml hfni`y ksb|w fz uml hfju -bs fzz|nle hfju) bh iuz mfxiak zws|ak hsbn miz

`biaz4 fae mlajl {l n|zu |aelszufae umfu ih umlsl cl fay wlszbaz {mb, mb{lxls us|`yiaj`|ele ia uml csbumlsmbbe cy xisu|l bh umlis c`bbe.sl`fuibazmiw, mfxl alxlsuml`lzz el hfjub{iumesf{a umlnzl`xlz hsbn uml lnwisl bh iuz s|`ls, umly fsl f`{fyz, ia uml clkiaaiakz bh `f{,jbazielsle fz `bzu ub uml hfni`y! Iu iz umiz wfusifsjmf` fkkslkful―uml nbelsa hfni`y um|z j|ueb{a ba bal ziel fae l}ulaele ba uml bumls―{mijm nlluz |z ba uml umslzmbè bh wsiniuixl o|sizws|elajl! Bèls wsbcfc`y umfa uml Zuful, uml Usicl, fae uml Mb|zl, iu `lhu usfjlz bh iuzl`h ba wsixful `f{ `bak fhuls uml Mb|zl fae uml Usicl mfe clla hbskbuula, fae `bak fhuls jbazfak|iaiuy mfe jlfzle ub cl fzzbjifule {ium uml jbnwbziuiba bh Zufulz! Iu {i`` cl hb|ae ubmfxl zufnwle iuzl`h ba f`` uml kslfu elwfsunlauz bh o|sizws|elajl, fae nfy cl eluljule, Iumiad, fz uml us|l zb|sjl bh nfay bh umlis nbzu inwbsufau fae nbzu e|sfc`l jmfsfjulsizuijz! Fu

uml b|uzlu, uml wlj|ìfsiuilz bh `f{ ia iuz nbzu fajilau zuful `lfe |z isslzizuic`y ub umljbaj`|ziba umfu iu ubbd wsljizl`y uml zfnl xil{ bh uml hfni`y ksb|w {mijm iz ufdla bh iaeixie|f` nla cy uml zyzulnz bh sikmuz fae e|uilz ab{ wslxf`lau umsb|kmb|u L|sbwl! Umlslfsl zbjiluilz bwla ub b|s bczlsxfuiba fu umiz xlsy nbnlau {mbzl `f{z fae |zfklz jfazjfsjl`y cl l}w`fiale |a`lzz umly fsl z|wwbzle alxls ub mfxl lnlskle hsbn umiz wsiniuixljbaeiuiba4 c|u ia jbnn|aiuilz nbsl hbsu|aful`y jisj|nzufajle uml hfcsij bh o|sizws|elajlhl`` ksfe|f``y ub wiljlz, fae ih {l jfslh|``y bczlsxl uml eiziaulksfuiba {l zmf`` wlsjlixl umfuiu ubbd w`fjl wsiajiwf``y ia umbzl wbsuibaz bh lfjm zyzuln {mijm {lsl nbzu ellw`y fhhljule cy uml wsiniuixl jbajlwuiba bh uml hfni`y! Ia bal f``.inwbsufau iazufajl, umfu bh uml Sbnfa

`f{, uml jmfakl {fz lhhljule zb z`b{`y umfu hsbn lwbjm ub lwbjm {l jfa bczlsxl uml ìal faeeisljuiba {mijm iu hb``b{le, fae jfa lxla kixl zbnl ielf bh uml |ùinful slz|ù ub {mijm iu{fz ulaeiak! Fae, ia w|sz|iak umiz `fzu iav|isy, {l alle abu z|hhls b|szl`xlz ub cl zubwwle cy uml infkiafsy cfssils {mijm zlwfsfulz uml nbelsa hsbn uml fajilau {bsè! Hbs bal lhhljubh umfu ni}u|sl bh slhiale Sbnfa `f{ {ium wsiniuixl cfscfsij |zfkl, {mijm iz dab{a ub |z cyuml eljlwuixl afnl bh hl|efìzn, {fz ub slxixl nfay hlfu|slz bh fsjmfij o|sizws|elajl{mijm mfe eile b|u bh uml Sbnfa {bsè, zb umfu uml eljbnwbziuiba {mijm mfe zllnle ub clbxls jbnnlajle fkfia, fae ub zbnl l}ulau iz zui`` wsbjlleiak!

Ba f hl{ zyzulnz bh `f{ uml hfni`y bskfaizfuiba bh uml lfsìlzu zbjiluy mfz `lhu f w`fia

fae csbfe nfsd ia uml ìhl.`bak f|umbsiuy bh uml Hfumls bs bumls fajlzubs bxls uml wlszba fae wsbwlsuy bh miz elzjlaefauz, fa f|umbsiuy {mijm {l nfy jbaxlailau`y jf`` cy iuz `fuls Sbnfaafnl bh Wfusif Wbulzufz! Ab hlfu|sl bh uml s|einlaufsy fzzbjifuibaz bh nfadiae iz elwbzle ub cy f kslfuls fnb|au bh lxielajl umfa umiz, fae ylu abal zllnz ub mfxl eizfwwlfsle zbklalsf``y fae zb sfwie`y hsbn uml |zfklz bh fexfajiak jbnn|aiuilz! Kfi|z, {siuiak |aels uml Faubaialz, elzjsiclz uml iazuiu|uiba fz eizuiajuixl`y Sbnfa! Iu iz us|l, umfu mfe ml k`fajle



86

fjsbzz uml Smial bs uml Efa|cl ub umbzl usiclz bh cfscfsifaz {mijm {lsl l}jiuiak umlj|sibziuy bh zbnl fnbak miz jbaulnwbsfsilz, ml {b|è mfxl zlla l}fnw`lz bh wfusifsjmf` wb{ls ia iuz js|elzu hbsn4 fae ia uml hfs Lfzu f csfajm bh uml zfnl lumaijf` zubjd hsbn {mijmuml Sbnfaz zwsfak {fz slwlfuiak umlis Wfusif Wbulzufz ia zbnl bh iuz nbzu uljmaijfìajielauz! C|u fnbak uml sfjlz |aelszubbe ub cl jbnwsizle {iumia uml Sbnfa lnwisl, Kfi|zjb|è hiae abal {mijm l}miciule fa iazuiu|uiba slzlncìak uml Sbnfa ‐Wb{ls bh uml Hfumls,„l}jlwu ba`y uml Fzifuij Kf`fuè! Umlsl fsl slfzbaz, iaelle, fz iu zllnz ub nl, {my uml eisljuf|umbsiuy bh uml fajlzubs zmb|è, ia uml kslfuls a|ncls bh wsbkslzzixl zbjiluilz, xlsy zmbsu`y

fzz|nl m|nc`ls wsbwbsuibaz umfa cl`bakle ub iu ia umlis lfsìlzu zuful! Uml inwìjiu bcleilajlbh s|el nla ub umlis wfslau iz eb|cu`lzz f wsinfsy hfju, {mijm iu {b|è cl fcz|se ub l}w`fiaf{fy fùbklumls cy fuusic|uiak ub umln fay jf`j|`fuiba bh iuz fexfaufklz4 c|u, fu uml zfnluinl, ih iu iz afu|sf` ia uml zbaz ub bcly uml hfumls, iu iz lv|f``y afu|sf` umfu umly zmb|è `bbd ub min hbs z|wlsibs zuslakum bs z|wlsibs {izebn! Mlajl, {mla zbjiluilz fsl w`fjle |aels jisj|nzufajlz {mijm jf|zl fa lzwljif` xf`|l ub cl fuufjmle ub cbei`y fae nlauf` xikb|s,umlsl iz fa iah`|lajl fu {bsd {mijm ulaez ub jbahial uml Wfusif Wbulzufz ub uml jfzlz {mlsl iuz wbzzlzzbs iz fju|f``y zdi`h|` fae zusbak! [mla {l bcufia b|s hiszu kìnwzl bh bskfaizleMl``laij zbjiluy, iu zllnz fz ih z|wlslnialau {izebn {b|è dllw fìxl uml hfumls’z wb{ls ia wlszbaz {mbzl cbei`y zuslakum mfe eljfyle4 c|u uml sl`fuibaz bh \`yzzlz fae @flsulz ia uml

Beyzzly fwwlfs ub zmb{ umfu, {mlsl l}usfbseiafsy xf`b|s fae zfkfjiuy {lsl |aiule ia umlzba, uml hfumls ia uml eljslwiu|el bh fkl {fz elwbzle hsbn uml mlfezmiw bh uml hfni`y! Ia umlnfu|sl Kslld o|sizws|elajl, uml s|`l fexfajlz f hl{ zulwz ba uml wsfjuijl miaule fu ia umlMbnlsij ìulsfu|sl4 fae umb|km xlsy nfay usfjlz bh zusiaklau hfni`y bcìkfuiba slnfia, umleislju f|umbsiuy bh uml wfslau iz ìniule, fz ia L|sbwlfa jbelz, ub uml abafkl bs niabsiuy bh uml jmièsla, bs, ia bumls {bsez, ub uml wlsibe e|siak {mijm umlis nlauf` fae wmyzijfìahlsibsiuy nfy f`{fyz cl wslz|nle! Uml Sbnfa `f{, mb{lxls, {ium iuz slnfsdfc`lulaelajy ub iaabxful ba fajilau |zfkl ba`y o|zu zb hfs fz uml l}iklajy bh uml jbnnba{lfùmnfy slv|isl, wslzlsxlz cbum uml wsinlxf` iazuiu|uiba fae uml afu|sf` ìniufuiba ub {mijm I

jbajlixl iu ub mfxl clla z|colju! Ia lxlsy sl`fuiba bh ìhl ia {mijm uml jb``ljuixl jbnn|aiuynikmu mfxl bjjfziba ub fxfi` iuzl`h bh miz {izebn fae zuslakum, hbs f`` w|swbzlz bh jb|azl` bs bh {fs, uml hiì|z hfniìfz, bs Zba |aels Wb{ls, {fz fz hsll fz miz hfumls! Iu {fz f nf}in bh Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl umfu uml Wfusif Wbulzufz eie abu l}ulae ub uml O|z W|cìj|n! Hfumls faezba xbule ubklumls ia uml jiuy, fae hb|kmu ziel cy ziel ia uml hilè4 iaelle, uml zba, fzklalsf`, nikmu mfwwla ub jbnnfae uml hfumls, bs, fz nfkizusful, eljiel ba miz jbausfjuz fae w|aizm miz elìav|lajilz! C|u ia f`` uml sl`fuibaz jslfule cy Wsixful @f{, uml zba ìxle |aels f ebnlzuij elzwbuizn {mijm, jbazielsiak uml zlxlsiuy iu slufiale ub uml `fzu, fae uml a|ncls bh jlau|silz umsb|km {mijm iu lae|sle, jbazuiu|ulz bal bh uml zusfaklzu wsbc`lnz ia `lkf`mizubsy!

Uml Wfusif Wbulzufz bh uml Sbnfaz, {mijm iz aljlzzfsi`y b|s uywl bh uml wsinlxf` wfulsaf` f|umbsiuy, iz lv|f``y eihhij|ù ub |aelszufae fz fa iazuiu|uiba bh jixiìle ìhl, {mlumls {l jbaziels iuz iajielajl ba uml wlszba bs iuz lhhljuz ba wsbwlsuy! Iu iz ub cl slksluule umfu fjmfzn {mijm l}izuz ia iuz mizubsy jfaabu cl nbsl jbnw`lul`y hi``le! Zb hfs fz slkfsez uml wlszba, uml wfslau, {mla b|s iahbsnfuiba jbnnlajlz, mfz bxls miz jmièsla uml o|z xiuŚ



83

aljizv|l, uml wb{ls bh ìhl fae elfum, fae ç hbsuibsi bh |ajbausb``le jbswbsf` jmfzuizlnlau4ml jfa nbeihy umlis wlszbaf` jbaeiuiba fu w`lfz|sl4 ml jfa kixl f {ihl ub miz zba4 ml jfa kixlmiz ef|kmuls ia nfssifkl4 ml jfa eixbsjl miz jmièsla bh liumls zl}4 ml jfa usfazhls umln ubfabumls hfni`y cy febwuiba4 fae ml jfa zl`` umln! @ful ia uml Inwlsif` wlsibe {l hiaexlzuiklz bh f`` umlzl wb{lsz, c|u umly fsl sle|jle {iumia xlsy afssb{ ìniuz! Uml |av|fìhilesikmu bh ebnlzuij jmfzuizlnlau mfz cljbnl f sikmu bh csiakiak ebnlzuij bhhlajlz |aels umljbkaizfajl bh uml jixi` nfkizusful4 uml wsixi`lkl bh eijufuiak nfssifkl mfz eljìale iaub fjbaeiuibaf` xlub4 uml ìclsuy bh zl`ìak mfz clla xisu|f``y fcbìzmle, fae febwuiba iuzl`h,

elzuiale ub `bzl f`nbzu f`` iuz fajilau inwbsufajl ia uml slhbsnle zyzuln bh O|zuiaifa, jfa ab`bakls cl lhhljule {iumb|u uml fzzlau bh uml jmiè usfazhlssle ub uml febwuixl wfslaufkl! Iazmbsu, {l fsl cb|kmu xlsy j`bzl ub uml xlskl bh uml ielfz {mijm mfxl fu `lakum wslxfi`le iauml nbelsa {bsè! C|u clu{lla umlzl {iel`y eizufau lwbjmz umlsl iz fa iaulsxf` bh bczj|siuy,fae {l jfa ba`y k|lzz fu uml jf|zlz {mijm wlsniuule uml Wfusif Wbulzufz ub `fzu fz `bak fz iueie cy slaelsiak iu nbsl ub`lsfc`l umfa iu fwwlfsz! Uml fjuixl eizjmfskl bh uml nbzu inwbsufaufnbak uml e|uilz {mijm uml zba b{le ub uml zuful n|zu mfxl ulnwlsle uml f|umbsiuy bh miz wfslau ih umly eie abu faa|` iu! [l jfa slfei`y wlsz|fel b|szl`xlz umfu uml wfulsaf` elzwbuiznjb|è abu cl csb|kmu iaub w`fy {iumb|u kslfu zjfaef` fkfiazu f nfa bh h|`` fkl bjj|wyiak fmikm jixi` bhhijl! E|siak uml lfsìls mizubsy, mb{lxls, z|jm jfzlz bh wsfjuijf` lnfajiwfuiba

{b|è cl sfsl jbnwfsle {ium umbzl {mijm n|zu mfxl clla jslfule cy uml jbazufau {fsz bh uml Sbnfa slw|cìj! Uml niìufsy usic|al fae uml wsixful zbèils {mb {lsl ia uml hilè umsllv|fsulsz bh f ylfs e|siak uml lfsìls jbaulzuz, fu f `fuls wlsibe uml wsbjbaz|` ia jmfskl bh f wsbxiajl, fae uml `lkibafsilz {mb bjj|wile iu, jfaabu mfxl mfe wsfjuijf` slfzba ub slkfseumlnzl`xlz fz uml z`fxlz bh f elzwbuij nfzuls4 fae f`` umlzl fxla|lz bh lzjfwl ulaelejbazufau`y ub n|ùiw`y umlnzl`xlz! Xijubsilz `le ub jbav|lzuz, jbav|lzuz ub bjj|wfuibaz umlnbel bh bjj|wfuiba cy jb`bailz {fz l}jmfakle hbs uml zyzuln bh bjj|wyiak wsbxiajlz cyzufaeiak fsnilz! Lfjm zulw ia fexfajl {fz f jf`` hbs uml l}wfusifuiba bh nbsl Sbnfa jiuilazfae f hslzm esfhu ba uml c`bbe bh uml hfiìak @fuia sfjl! [l nfy iahls, I umiad, umfu f zusbak

zlauinlau ia hfxb|s bh uml sl`f}fuiba bh uml Wfusif Wbulzufz mfe cljbnl hi}le cy uml uinl umfuuml wfjihijfuiba bh uml {bsè jbnnlajle ba uml lzufcìzmnlau bh uml Lnwisl! Uml hiszuzlsib|z c`b{z fu uml fajilau iazuiu|uiba fsl fuusic|ule ub uml lfsìls Jèzfsz, fae zbnl izb`fuleiaulshlslajlz bh Usfofa fae Mfesifa zlln ub mfxl wslwfsle uml ksb|ae hbs f zlsilz bh l}wslzzlafjunlauz {mijm, umb|km {l jfaabu f`{fyz elulsnial umlis efulz, {l dab{ ub mfxl ìniuleuml hfumls’z wb{lsz ba uml bal mfae, fae ba uml bumls ub mfxl n|ùiwìle hfjiìuilz hbs umlis xb`|aufsy z|sslaels! Uml bèls nbel bh kluuiak sie bh uml Wbulzufz, cy lhhljuiak f usiw`l zf`lbh uml zba’z wlszba, iz lxielajl, I nfy slnfsd, bh f xlsy lfs`y hllìak fkfiazu uml|aaljlzzfsy wsb`bakfuiba bh uml wb{lsz! Uml s|`l {mijm elj`fsle umfu uml zba zmb|è cl hsllfhuls mfxiak clla umsll uinlz zbè cy miz hfumls zllnz ub mfxl clla bsikiaf``y nlfau ub laufi`

wlaf` jbazlv|lajlz ba f wsfjuijl {mijm slxbùle lxla uml inwlshlju nbsfìuy bh uml wsiniuixl Sbnfa! C|u lxla clhbsl uml w|cìjfuiba bh uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz iu mfe clla u|sale, cy uml iakla|iuy bh uml o|sizjbaz|ùz, iaub fa l}wleilau hbs elzusbyiak uml wfslauf` f|umbsiuy{mlslxls uml hfumls elzisle umfu iu zmb|è jlfzl!



8:

Nfay bh uml jf|zlz {mijm ml`wle ub niuikful uml zusiaklajy bh uml hfumls’z wb{ls bxls uml wlszbaz bh miz jmièsla fsl eb|cu`lzz fnbak umbzl {mijm eb abu ìl |wba uml hfjl bh mizubsy! [l jfaabu ul`` mb{ hfs w|cìj bwiaiba nfy mfxl wfsf`yzle fa f|umbsiuy {mijm uml`f{ jbahlssle, bs mb{ hfs afu|sf` fhhljuiba nfy mfxl slaelsle iu lae|sfc`l! C|u umb|km uml wb{lsz bxls uml wlszba nfy mfxl clla `fuuls`y abniaf`, uml {mb`l ulab|s bh uml l}ufauSbnfa o|sizws|elajl z|kklzuz umfu uml hfumls’z sikmuz bxls uml zba’z wsbwlsuy {lsl f`{fyzl}lsjizle {iumb|u zjs|w`l ub uml h|`` l}ulau ub {mijm umly {lsl zfajuibale cy `f{! Umlsl izabumiak ub fzubaizm |z ia uml `fuiu|el bh umlzl sikmuz {mla umly hiszu zmb{ umlnzl`xlz! Uml

fajilau `f{ bh Sbnl hbscfel uml Jmièsla |aels Wb{ls ub mbè wsbwlsuy fwfsu hsbn umlis wfslau, bs -{l zmb|è sfumls zfy) alxls jbaulnw`fule uml wbzziciìuy bh umlis j`finiak fzlwfsful b{alszmiw! Uml hfumls {fz lauiu`le ub ufdl uml {mb`l bh uml zba’z fjv|iziuibaz, faeub laoby uml clalhiu bh miz jbausfjuz {iumb|u cliak laufak`le ia fay jbnwlazfuiak ìfciìuy!Zb n|jm fz umiz {l zmb|è l}wlju hsbn uml jbazuiu|uiba bh uml lfsìlzu Sbnfa zbjiluy, hbs {ljfa mfse`y hbsn f abuiba bh uml wsiniuixl hfni`y ksb|w |a`lzz {l z|wwbzl umfu iuz nlnclsz csb|kmu umlis lfsaiakz bh f`` diaez iaub uml jbnnba zubjd {mi`l umly {lsl |afc`l ub ciae iu cy inwsbxielau iaeixie|f` lakfklnlauz! Uml us|l laiknf bh uml Wfusif Wbulzufz eblz abuslziel mlsl, c|u ia uml z`b{alzz {ium {mijm umlzl wsbwsilufsy wsixi`lklz bh uml wfslau {lslj|sufi`le, fae ia uml jisj|nzufajl umfu, clhbsl umly {lsl zlsib|z`y einiaizmle, uml {mb`l

jixiìzle {bsè {fz csb|kmu {iumia umlis zwmlsl! Ab iaabxfuiba bh fay diae {fz fuulnwuleui`` uml hiszu ylfsz bh uml Lnwisl, {mla uml fjv|iziuibaz bh zbèilsz ba zlsxijl {lsl {iumesf{ahsbn uml bwlsfuiba bh uml Wfusif Wbulzufz, eb|cu`lzz fz wfsu bh uml sl{fse bh uml fsnilz {mijmmfe bxlsumsb{a uml hsll jbnnba{lfùm! Umsll jlau|silz fhuls{fsez uml zfnl inn|aiuy {fzl}ulaele ub uml lfsaiakz bh wlszbaz {mb {lsl ia uml jixi` lnw`bynlau bh uml zuful! Cbumjmfaklz {lsl bcxib|z`y ìniule ia umlis fwwìjfuiba, fae umly {lsl zb jbausixle ia uljmaijf`hbsn fz ub iaulshlsl fz ìuu`l fz wbzzic`l {ium uml wsiajiw`l bh Wfusif Wbulzufz! F jlsufiav|fìhile fae elwlaelau b{alszmiw mfe f`{fyz clla sljbkaizle cy uml Sbnfa `f{ ia uml wlsv|iziulz fae zfxiakz {mijm z`fxlz fae zbaz |aels wb{ls {lsl abu jbnwl``le ub iaj`|el ia

uml mb|zlmbè fjjb|auz, fae uml zwljif` afnl bh umiz wlsnizzixl wsbwlsuy, Wlj|ì|n, {fzfwwìle ub uml fjv|iziuibaz al{`y slìlxle hsbn Wfusif Wbulzufz, {mijm {lsl jf``le ia uml jfzlbh zbèilsz Jfzuslazl Wlj|ì|n, fae V|fzi.jfzuslazl Wlj|ì|n ia uml jfzl bh jixi` zlsxfauz!Bumls nbeihijfuibaz bh uml wfslauf` wsixi`lklz hb``b{le, {mijm zmb{le f `lzz zu|eib|zb|u{fse slzwlju hbs uml fajilau wsiajiw`l! Zmbsu`y fhuls uml iausbe|juiba bh uml V|fzi.jfzuslazl Wlj|ì|n, Jbazufauial uml Kslfu ubbd f{fy uml hfumls’z fczb`|ul jbausb` bxls wsbwlsuy {mijm miz jmièsla mfe iamlsiule hsbn umlis nbumlsz, fae sle|jle iu ub f |z|hs|ju, bs ìhl.iaulslzu! F hl{ nbsl jmfaklz bh zìkmu inwbsufajl hb``b{le ia uml [lzulsa Lnwisl, c|uuml h|sumlzu wbiau slfjmle {fz ia uml Lfzu, |aels O|zuiaifa, {mb lafjule umfu |a`lzz umlfjv|iziuibaz bh uml jmiè {lsl elsixle hsbn uml wfslau’z b{a wsbwlsuy, uml wfslau’z sikmuz

bxls umln zmb|è abu l}ulae clybae laobyiak umlis wsbe|jl hbs uml wlsibe bh miz ìhl! Lxlaumiz, uml |unbzu sl`f}fuiba bh uml Sbnfa Wfusif Wbulzufz, `lhu iu hfs fnw`ls fae zlxlsls umfafay faf`bkb|z iazuiu|uiba bh uml nbelsa {bsè! Uml lfsìlzu nbelsa {siulsz ba o|sizws|elajlslnfsd umfu iu {fz ba`y uml hilsjls fae s|els bh uml jbav|lsbsz bh uml lnwisl, fae abufc`y umlafuibaz bh Zj`fxbaij bsikia, {mijm l}miciule f Wfusif Wbulzufz fu f`` slzlncìak umfu {mijm{fz elzjsicle ia uml Wfaeljuz fae uml Jbel! F`` uml Klsnfaij inniksfauz zlln ub mfxl



85

sljbkaizle f jbswbsful |aiba bh uml hfni`y |aels uml n|ae, bs f|umbsiuy bh f wfusifsjmf`jmilh4 c|u miz wb{lsz fsl bcxib|z`y ba`y uml slìjz bh f eljfyle Wfusif Wbulzufz, fae hl`` hfs zmbsu bh umbzl laobyle cy uml Sbnfa hfumls! Uml Hsfadz fsl wfsuij|`fs`y nlauibale fz abumfxiak uml Sbnfa iazuiu|uiba, fae fjjbseiak`y uml bè Hslajm `f{ylsz, lxla {mla nbzu c|zi`y lakfkle ia hi`ìak uml iaulszuijlz bh cfscfsb|z j|zubn {ium s|`lz bh Sbnfa `f{, {lslbcìkle ub wsbulju umlnzl`xlz fkfiazu uml iaus|ziba bh uml Wbulzufz cy uml l}wslzz nf}in,W|yzzfajl el wísl la Hsfajl a’f ìl|! Uml ulafjiuy bh uml Sbnfaz ia nfiaufiaiak umiz slìj bh umlis nbzu fajilau jbaeiuiba iz ia iuzl`h slnfsdfc`l, c|u iu iz `lzz slnfsdfc`l umfa uml

eihh|ziba bh uml Wbulzufz bxls uml {mb`l bh f jixiìzfuiba hsbn {mijm iu mfe bajl eizfwwlfsle![mi`l uml Jfzuslazl Wlj|ì|n jbazuiu|ule fz ylu uml zb`l l}jlwuiba ub uml hfumls’z wb{ls bxls wsbwlsuy, fae {mi`l miz wb{ls bxls miz jmièsla’z wlszbaz {fz zui`` l}ulazixl, umlSbnfa jiuilazmiw, fae {ium iu uml Wfusif Wbulzufz, {lsl zwslfeiak iaub lxlsy jbsals bh umlLnwisl! Lxlsy Fhsijfa bs Zwfaifse, lxlsy Kf|`, Csiuba, bs Ol{, {mb sljlixle umiz mbab|s cykihu, w|sjmfzl, bs iamlsiufajl, w`fjle minzl`h |aels uml Sbnfa @f{ bh Wlszbaz, fae, umb|kmb|s f|umbsiuilz iauinful umfu jmièsla cbsa clhbsl uml fjv|iziuiba bh jiuilazmiw jb|è abu cl csb|kmu |aels Wb{ls fkfiazu umlis {i``, jmièsla cbsa fhuls iu fae f`` |ùlsibs elzjlaefauz{lsl ba uml bseiafsy hbbuiak bh f Sbnfa hiì|z hfniìfz! Iu eblz abu hf`` {iumia uml wsbxiajlbh umiz uslfuizl ub l}fnial uml nljmfaizn bh uml `fuls Sbnfa zbjiluy, c|u I nfy cl wlsniuule

ub slnfsd umfu umlsl iz ìuu`l hb|aefuiba hbs uml bwiaiba {mijm slwslzlauz uml jbazuiu|uiba bh Faubaia|z Jfsfjf``f jbahlssiak Sbnfa jiuilazmiw ba uml {mb`l bh miz z|coljuz fz f nlfz|slbh znf`` inwbsufajl! Mb{lxls {l nfy iaulswslu iu, iu n|zu mfxl labsnb|z`y la`fskle umlzwmlsl bh uml Wfusif Wbulzufz, fae iu zllnz ub nl umfu uml uikmulaiak bh hfni`y sl`fuibaz {mijmiu lhhljule iz fa fklajy {mijm b|kmu ub cl dlwu ia xil{ nbsl umfa iu mfz clla, ia fjjb|auiakhbs uml kslfu nbsf` slxb`|uiba {mijm {fz usfazhbsniak uml {bsè!

Clhbsl umiz csfajm bh b|s z|colju iz eiznizzle, iu zmb|è cl bczlsxle umfu umlWfulshfniìfz {fz faz{lsfc`l hbs uml elìjuz -bs ubsuz) bh miz Zbaz |aels Wb{ls! Ml {fz

zini`fs`y ìfc`l hbs uml ubsuz bh miz z`fxlz4 c|u ia cbum jfzlz ml bsikiaf``y wbzzlzzle umlziak|`fs wsixi`lkl bh ulaelsiak uml elìav|lau’z wlszba ia h|`` zfuizhfjuiba bh uml efnfkl! Umlslzwbaziciìuy um|z iaj|ssle ba clmf`h bh zbaz, jb|w`le {ium uml n|u|f` iajfwfjiuy bh Wfslaufae Jmiè |aels Wb{ls ub z|l bal fabumls, mfz zllnle ub zbnl o|sizuz ub cl clzu l}w`fiale cy uml fzz|nwuiba bh f ‐|aiuy bh wlszba„ clu{lla uml Wfulshfniìfz fae uml Hiì|zhfniìfz! Iauml Jmfwuls ba Z|jjlzzibaz I zmf`` fuulnwu ub zmb{ ia {mfu zlazl, fae ub {mfu l}ulau, umiz‐|aiuy„ jfa cl fjjlwule fz f slfìuy! I jfa ba`y zfy fu wslzlau umfu umlzl slzwbaziciìuilz bh umlWfulshfniìfz, fae bumls `lkf` wmlabnlaf {mijm {i`` cl eizj|zzle mlslfhuls, fwwlfs ub nl ub wbiau fu jlsufia e|uilz bh uml wsiniuixl Wfusifsjmf` jmilhufia {mijm cf`fajle miz sikmuz Ijbajlixl umfu, ih ml eizwbzle fczb`|ul`y bh uml wlszbaz fae hbsu|al bh miz j`faznla, umiz

slwslzlaufuixl b{alszmiw {fz jbl}ulazixl {ium f ìfciìuy ub wsbxiel hbs f`` nlnclsz bh uml csbumlsmbbe b|u bh uml jbnnba h|ae! Uml eihhij|ùy iz ub umsb{ b|s zl`xlz b|u bh b|s mfciu|f` fzzbjifuibaz z|hhijilau`y hbs jbajlixiak uml afu|sl bh miz bcìkfuiba! Iu {fz abu f`lkf` e|uy, hbs `f{ mfe abu ylu wlalusfule iaub uml wsljiajuz bh uml Hfni`y! Ub jf`` iu nbsf` iz wlsmfwz ub fauijiwful uml ielfz cl`bakiak ub f `fuls zufkl bh nlauf` elxl`bwnlau4 c|u umll}wslzziba ‐nbsf` bcìkfuiba„ iz zikaihijfau lab|km hbs b|s w|swbzl, ih {l |aelszufae cy iu f



8<

e|uy zlni.jbazjib|z`y hb``b{le fae lahbsjle sfumls cy iazuiaju fae mfciu umfa cy elhiaiulzfajuibaz!

Uml Wfusif Wbulzufz, ia iuz absnf` zmfwl, mfz abu clla, fae, fz iu zllnz ub nl, jb|èabu mfxl clla, f klalsf``y e|sfc`l iazuiu|uiba! Uml wsbbh bh iuz hbsnls |aixlszfìuy izumlslhbsl iajbnw`lul zb `bak fz {l jbaziels iu cy iuzl`h4 c|u uml elnbazusfuiba nfy cljfssile n|jm h|sumls cy l}fniaiak bumls elwfsunlauz bh fajilau `f{ {mijm elwlae ba iu|ùinful`y, c|u abu cy f umslfe bh jbaal}iba xizic`l ia f`` iuz wfsuz bs ub f`` lylz! @lu |z u|sa

hbs l}fnw`l ub Diazmiw, bs ia bumls {bsez, ub uml zjf`l ba {mijm uml wsb}iniuy bh sl`fuixlz ublfjm bumls iz jf`j|`fule ia fsjmfij o|sizws|elajl! Mlsl fkfia iu {i`` cl jbaxlailau ub lnw`byuml Sbnfa ulsnz, Fkafuij fae Jbkafuij sl`fuibazmiw! Jbkafuij sl`fuibazmiw iz zinw`y umljbajlwuiba bh diazmiw hfniìfs ub nbelsa ielfz4 iu iz uml sl`fuibazmiw fsiziak umsb|km jbnnbaelzjlau hsbn uml zfnl wfis bh nfssile wlszbaz, {mlumls uml elzjlau cl usfjle umsb|km nf`lzbs hlnf`lz! Fkafuij sl`fuibazmiw iz zbnlumiak xlsy eihhlslau? iu l}j`|elz f a|ncls bh wlszbaz{mbn {l ia b|s efy zmb|è jlsufia`y jbaziels bh dia ub b|szl`xlz, fae iu iaj`|elz nfaynbsl {mbn {l zmb|è alxls sljdba fnbak b|s diaesle! Iu iz ia us|um uml jbaal}iba l}izuiak clu{lla uml nlnclsz bh uml Hfni`y, jbajlixle fz iu {fz ia uml nbzu fajilau uinlz! Umlìniuz bh umiz jbaal}iba fsl hfs hsbn jbaulsniab|z {ium umbzl bh nbelsa sl`fuibazmiw!

Jbkafulz umla fsl f`` umbzl wlszbaz {mb jfa usfjl umlis c`bbe ub f ziak`l fajlzubs faefajlzuslzz4 bs, ih {l ufdl uml zusiju uljmaijf` nlfaiak bh uml {bse ia Sbnfa `f{, umly fsl f``{mb usfjl umlis c`bbe ub uml `lkiuinful nfssifkl bh f jbnnba wfis! ‐Jbkafuiba„ iz umlslhbslf sl`fuixl ulsn, fae uml elksll bh jbaal}iba ia c`bbe {mijm iu iaeijfulz elwlaez ba uml wfsuij|`fs nfssifkl {mijm iz zl`ljule fz uml jbnnlajlnlau bh uml jf`j|`fuiba! Ih {l clkia{ium uml nfssifkl bh hfumls fae nbumls, Jbkafuiba {i`` ba`y l}wslzz uml sl`fuibazmiw bh csbumlsz fae zizulsz4 ih {l ufdl umfu bh uml ksfaehfumls fae ksfaenbumls, umla |aj`lz, f|auz,fae umlis elzjlaefauz {i`` f`zb cl iaj`|ele ia uml abuiba bh Jbkafuiba, fae hb``b{iak uml

zfnl wsbjlzz f `fskls a|ncls bh Jbkafulz nfy cl jbauia|f``y bcufiale cy jmbbziak umlzufsuiak wbiau mikmls fae mikmls |w ia uml ìal bh fzjlau! F`` umiz iz lfzi`y |aelszubbe cy fnbelsa4 c|u {mb fsl uml Fkafulz2 Ia uml hiszu w`fjl, umly fsl f`` uml Jbkafulz {mb usfjl umlis jbaal}iba l}j`|zixl`y umsb|km nf`lz! F ufc`l bh Jbkafulz iz, bh jb|szl, hbsnle cy ufdiaklfjm ìalf` fajlzubs ia u|sa fae iaj`|eiak f`` miz elzjlaefauz bh cbum zl}lz ia uml ufc|`fs xil{4 ih umla, ia usfjiak uml xfsib|z csfajmlz bh z|jm f klalf`bkijf` ufc`l bs usll, {l zubw{mlalxls {l jbnl ub uml afnl bh f hlnf`l fae w|sz|l umfu wfsuij|`fs csfajm bs sfnihijfuibaab h|sumls, f`` {mb slnfia fhuls uml elzjlaefauz bh {bnla mfxl clla l}j`|ele fsl Fkafulz,fae umlis jbaal}iba ubklumls iz Fkafuij Sl`fuibazmiw! I e{l`` f ìuu`l ba uml wsbjlzz {mijm iz wsfjuijf``y hb``b{le ia zlwfsfuiak umln hsbn uml Jbkafulz, cljf|zl iu l}w`fiaz f nlnbsfc`l

`lkf` nf}in, ‐N|ìls lzu hiaiz hfniìè„―f {bnfa iz uml ulsnia|z bh uml hfni`y! F hlnf`lafnl j`bzlz uml csfajm bs u{ik bh uml klalf`bky ia {mijm iu bjj|sz! Abal bh uml elzjlaefauzbh f hlnf`l fsl iaj`|ele ia uml wsiniuixl abuiba bh hfni`y sl`fuibazmiw!

Ih uml zyzuln bh fsjmfij `f{ fu {mijm {l fsl `bbdiak cl bal {mijm feniuz Febwuiba,{l n|zu fee ub uml Fkafulz um|z bcufiale f`` wlszbaz, nf`l bs hlnf`l, {mb mfxl clla



88

csb|kmu iaub uml Hfni`y cy uml fsuihijif` l}ulaziba bh iuz cb|aefsilz! C|u uml elzjlaefauz bh z|jm wlszbaz {i`` ba`y cl Fkafulz, ih umly zfuizhy uml jbaeiuibaz {mijm mfxl o|zu cllaelzjsicle!

[mfu umla iz uml slfzba bh umiz fsciusfsy iaj`|ziba fae l}j`|ziba2 [my zmb|è fjbajlwuiba bh Diazmiw, zb l`fzuij fz ub iaj`|el zusfaklsz csb|kmu iaub uml hfni`y cy febwuiba, cl alxlsuml`lzz zb afssb{ fz ub zm|u b|u uml elzjlaefauz bh f hlnf`l nlncls2 Ub zb`xl umlzlv|lzuibaz, {l n|zu slj|s ub uml Wfusif Wbulzufz! Uml hb|aefuiba bh Fkafuiba iz abu uml

nfssifkl bh Hfumls fae Nbumls, c|u uml f|umbsiuy bh uml Hfumls! F`` wlszbaz fsl Fkafuijf``yjbaaljule ubklumls {mb fsl |aels uml zfnl Wfulsaf` Wb{ls, bs {mb mfxl clla |aels iu bs {mb nikmu mfxl clla |aels iu ih umlis ìalf` fajlzubs mfe ìxle `bak lab|km ub l}lsjizl mizlnwisl! Ia us|um, ia uml wsiniuixl xil{, Sl`fuibazmiw iz l}fju`y ìniule cy Wfusif Wbulzufz![mlsl uml Wbulzufz clkiaz, Diazmiw clkiaz4 fae umlslhbsl febwuixl sl`fuixlz fsl fnbak umldiaesle! [mlsl uml Wbulzufz laez, Diazmiw laez4 zb umfu f zba lnfajiwfule cy miz hfumls `bzlz f`` sikmuz bh Fkafuiba! Fae mlsl {l mfxl uml slfzba {my uml elzjlaefauz bh hlnf`lzfsl b|uziel uml ìniuz bh fsjmfij diazmiw! Ih f {bnfa eile |anfssile, zml jb|è mfxl ab`lkiuinful elzjlaefauz! Ih zml nfssile, mls jmièsla hl`` |aels uml Wfusif Wbulzufz, abu bh mls Hfumls, c|u bh mls M|zcfae, fae um|z {lsl `bzu ub mls b{a hfni`y! Iu iz bcxib|z umfu uml

bskfaizfuiba bh wsiniuixl zbjiluilz {b|è mfxl clla jbahb|aele, ih nla mfe jf``leumlnzl`xlz sl`fuixlz bh umlis nbumls’z sl`fuixlz! Uml iahlslajl {b|è mfxl clla umfu f wlszbanikmu cl z|colju ub u{b eizuiaju Wfusiè Wbulzufulz4 c|u eizuiaju Wfusiè Wbulzufulz inwìleeizuiaju o|sizeijuibaz, zb umfu faycbey fnlafc`l ub u{b bh umln fu uml zfnl uinl {b|è mfxlìxle |aels u{b eihhlslau eizwlazfuibaz! Fz `bak fz uml Hfni`y {fz fa inwlsi|n ia inwlsib,f jbnn|aiuy {iumia uml jbnnba{lfùm, kbxlsale cy iuz b{a iazuiu|uibaz bh {mijm uml wfslau{fz uml zb|sjl, uml ìniufuiba bh sl`fuibazmiw ub uml Fkafulz {fz f aljlzzfsy zlj|siuy fkfiazuf jbahìju bh `f{z ia uml ebnlzuij hbs|n!

Uml Wfslauf` Wb{lsz wsbwls fsl l}uiak|izmle cy uml elfum bh uml Wfslau, c|u Fkafuibaiz fz iu {lsl f nb|è {mijm slufiaz umlis inwsiau fhuls umly mfxl jlfzle ub l}izu! Mlajl jbnlzuml iaulslzu bh Fkafuiba hbs uml iav|isls iaub uml mizubsy bh o|sizws|elajl! Uml wb{lszumlnzl`xlz fsl eizjlsaic`l ia jbnwfsfuixl`y hl{ nba|nlauz bh fajilau `f{, c|u FkafuijSl`fuibazmiw, {mijm inwìlz umlis hbsnls l}izulajl, iz eizjbxlsfc`l f`nbzu lxlsy{mlsl!Umlsl fsl hl{ iaeiklab|z cbeilz bh `f{ cl`bakiak ub jbnn|aiuilz bh uml Iaeb.L|sbwlfazubjd, {mijm eb abu l}miciu wlj|ìfsiuilz ia uml nbzu fajilau wfsu bh umlis zus|ju|sl {mijm fslj`lfs`y slhlsfc`l ub Fkafuiba! Ia Miaebb `f{, hbs l}fnw`l, {mijm iz zfu|sfule {ium uml wsiniuixl abuibaz bh hfni`y elwlaelajy, diazmiw iz lauisl`y Fkafuij, fae I fn iahbsnle umfuia Miaebb klalf`bkilz uml afnlz bh {bnla fsl klalsf``y bniuule fùbklumls! Uml zfnl xil{

bh sl`fuibazmiw wlsxfelz zb n|jm bh uml `f{z bh uml sfjlz {mb bxlssfa uml Sbnfa Lnwisl fzfwwlfsz ub mfxl slf``y hbsnle wfsu bh umlis wsiniuixl |zfkl, fae {l nfy z|zwlju umfu iu {b|èmfxl wlswlu|fule iuzl`h lxla nbsl umfa iu mfz ia nbelsa L|sbwlfa o|sizws|elajl, ih iu mfe abu clla hbs uml xfzu iah |lajl bh uml `fuls Sbnfa `f{ ba nbelsa umb|kmu! Uml Wsèubsz lfs`y `fiembè ba Jbkafuiba fz uml afu|sf` hbsn bh diazmiw, fae zwfsle ab wfiaz ia w|sihyiak umlis zyzuln hsbn uml bèls jbajlwuiba! Umlis ielfz mfxl elzjlaele ub |z, c|u zui`` usfjlz bh



8;

Fkafuiba fsl ub cl zlla ia nfay bh uml nbelsa s|`lz bh z|jjlzziba fhuls elfum! Uml l}j`|zibabh hlnf`lz fae umlis jmièsla hsbn kbxlsanlauf` h|ajuibaz, jbnnba`y fuusic|ule ub uml|zfkl bh uml Zfìfa Hsfadz, mfz jlsufia`y fa fkafuij bsikia, cliak elzjlaele hsbn uml fajilauKlsnfa s|`l bh z|jjlzziba ub f``beif` wsbwlsuy! Ia Fkafuiba ubb iz ub cl zb|kmu umll}w`fafuiba bh umfu l}usfbseiafsy s|`l bh Lakìzm @f{, ba`y sljlau`y slwlf`le, {mijm wsbmiciule csbumlsz bh uml mf`h.c`bbe hsbn z|jjlleiak ub bal fabumls’z `faez! Ia uml J|zubnzbh Absnfaey, uml s|`l fwwìlz ub |ulsial csbumlsz ba`y, umfu iz, ub csbumlsz cy uml zfnlnbumls c|u abu cy uml zfnl hfumls4 fae, ìniule ia umiz {fy, iu iz f zusiju ele|juiba hsbn uml

zyzuln bh Fkafuiba, |aels {mijm |ulsial csbumlsz fsl ab sl`fuibaz fu f`` ub bal fabumls![mla iu {fz usfazw`faule ub Lak`fae, uml Lakìzm o|eklz, {mb mfe ab j`|l ub iuz wsiajiw`l,iaulswslule iu fz f klalsf` wsbmiciuiba fkfiazu uml z|jjlzziba bh uml mf`h.c`bbe, fae l}ulaeleiu ub jbazfak|ialb|z csbumlsz, umfu iz ub zbaz bh uml zfnl hfumls cy eihhlslau {ixlz! Ia f`` umlìulsfu|sl {mijm lazmsialz uml wslulaele wmi`bzbwmy bh `f{, umlsl iz abumiak nbsl j|sbi|zumfa uml wfklz bh l`fcbsful zbwmizusy ia {mijm C`fjdzubal fuulnwuz ub l}w`fia fae o|zuihy umll}j`|ziba bh uml mf`h.c`bbe!

Iu nfy cl zmb{a, I umiad, umfu uml Hfni`y, fz mlè ubklumls cy uml Wfusif Wbulzufz, iz umlaie|z b|u bh {mijm uml lauisl @f{ bh Wlszbaz mfz klsniafule! Bh f`` uml jmfwulsz bh umfu @f{

uml nbzu inwbsufau iz umfu {mijm iz jbajlsale {ium uml zufu|z bh Hlnf`lz! Iu mfz o|zu cllazufule umfu Wsiniuixl O|sizws|elajl, umb|km iu eblz abu f``b{ f [bnfa ub jbnn|aijful faysikmuz bh Fkafuiba ub mls elzjlaefauz, iaj`|elz mlszl`h alxlsuml`lzz ia uml Fkafuij cbae!Iaelle, uml sl`fuiba bh f hlnf`l ub uml hfni`y ia {mijm zml {fz cbsa iz n|jm zusijuls, j`bzls,fae nbsl e|sfc`l umfa umfu {mijm |aiulz mls nf`l diaznla! [l mfxl zlxlsf` uinlz `fie eb{aumfu lfs`y `f{ ufdlz abuijl bh Hfniìlz ba`y4 umiz iz uml zfnl umiak fz zfyiak umfu iu ba`y ufdlzabuijl bh wlszbaz l}lsjiziak Wfusif Wbulzufz, fae fjjbseiak`y uml ba`y wsiajiw`l ba {mijm iulahsfajmizlz f zba bs ksfaezba fu uml elfum bh miz Wfslau, iz f jbazielsfuiba bh uml jfwfjiuyiamlslau ia z|jm zba bs ksfaezba ub cljbnl minzl`h uml mlfe bh f al{ hfni`y fae uml sbbu bh

f al{ zlu bh Wfslauf` Wb{lsz! C|u f {bnfa, bh jb|szl, mfz ab jfwfjiuy bh uml diae, fae abuiu`l fjjbseiak`y ub uml ìclsfuiba {mijm iu jbahlsz! Umlsl iz umlslhbsl f wlj|ìfs jbausixfajlbh fsjmfij o|sizws|elajl hbs slufiaiak mls ia uml cbaefkl bh uml Hfni`y hbs ìhl! Umiz iz umliazuiu|uiba dab{a ub uml bèlzu Sbnfa `f{ fz uml Wlswlu|f` U|ul`fkl bh [bnla, |aels {mijm f Hlnf`l, umb|km slìlxle hsbn mls Wfslau’z f|umbsiuy cy miz eljlfzl, jbauia|lzz|colju umsb|km ìhl ub mls alfslzu nf`l sl`fuibaz, bs ub mls Hfumls’z abniallz, fz mls K|fseifaz! Wlswlu|f` K|fseifazmiw iz bcxib|z`y aliumls nbsl abs `lzz umfa fa fsuihijif` wsb`bakfuiba bh uml Wfusif Wbulzufz, {mla hbs bumls w|swbzlz iu mfz clla eizzb`xle! Ia Iaeif,uml zyzuln z|sxixlz ia fczb`|ul jbnw`lulalzz, fae iuz bwlsfuiba iz zb zusiju umfu f MiaebbNbumls hslv|lau`y cljbnlz uml {fse bh mls b{a zbaz! Lxla ia L|sbwl, uml `f{z bh uml

Zjfaeiafxifa afuibaz slzwljuiak {bnla wslzlsxle iu |aui` v|iul sljlau`y! Uml iaxfelsz bh uml[lzulsa Lnwisl mfe iu |aixlszf``y fnbak umlis iaeiklab|z |zfklz, fae iaelle umlis ielfz bauml z|colju bh K|fseifazmiw, ia f`` iuz hbsnz, {lsl fnbak uml nbzu slusbkslzzixl bh umbzl{mijm umly iausbe|jle iaub uml [lzulsa {bsè! C|u hsbn uml nfu|sl Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl iumfe lauisl`y eizfwwlfsle! [l zmb|è dab{ f`nbzu abumiak fcb|u iu, ih {l mfe ba`y umljbnwi`fuibaz bh O|zuiaifa ub jbaz|ù4 c|u uml eizjbxlsy bh uml nfa|zjsiwu bh Kfi|z eizj`bzlz iu



8=

ub |z fu f nbzu ia ulslzuiak lwbjm, o|zu {mla iu mfe hf``la iaub jbnw`lul eizjsleiu fae {fzxlskiak ba l}uiajuiba! Uml kslfu o|sizjbaz|ù minzl`h zjb|uz uml wbw|`fs fwb`bky bhhlsle hbs iu ia uml nlauf` iahlsibsiuy bh uml hlnf`l zl}, fae f jbazielsfc`l wfsu bh miz xb`|nl iz ufdla|w {ium elzjsiwuibaz bh uml a|nlsb|z l}wleilauz, zbnl bh umln eizw`fyiak l}usfbseiafsyiakla|iuy, {mijm uml Sbnfa `f{ylsz mfe elxizle hbs lafcìak [bnla ub elhlfu uml fajilaus|`lz! @le cy umlis umlbsy bh Afu|sf` @f{, uml o|sizjbaz|ùz mfe lxielau`y fu umiz uinlfzz|nle uml lv|fìuy bh uml zl}lz fz f wsiajiw`l bh umlis jbel bh lv|iuy! Uml slzusijuibaz{mijm umly fuufjdle {lsl, iu iz ub cl bczlsxle, slzusijuibaz ba uml eizwbziuiba bh wsbwlsuy, hbs

{mijm uml fzzlau bh uml {bnfa’z k|fseifaz {fz zui`` hbsnf``y slv|isle! Jbausb` bh mls wlszba{fz fwwfslau`y v|iul bczb`lul!

Fajilau `f{ z|cbseiafulz uml {bnfa ub mls c`bbe.sl`fuibaz, {mi`l f wsinl wmlabnlaba bh nbelsa o|sizws|elajl mfz clla mls z|cbseiafuiba ub mls m|zcfae! Umlmizubsy bh uml jmfakl iz slnfsdfc`l! Iu clkiaz hfs cfjd ia uml faaf`z bh Sbnl! Fajilau`y,umlsl {lsl umsll nbelz ia {mijm nfssifkl nikmu cl jbausfjule fjjbseiak ub Sbnfa |zfkl,bal iaxb`xiak f slìkib|z zb`lnaiuy, uml bumls u{b uml bczlsxfajl bh jlsufia zlj|`fs hbsnfìuilz! Cy uml slìkib|z nfssifkl bs Jbahfsslfuiba4 cy uml mikmls hbsn bh jixi` nfssifkl,{mijm {fz jf``le Jblnwuiba4 fae cy uml `b{ls hbsn, {mijm {fz ulsnle \z|z, uml M|zcfae

fjv|isle f a|ncls bh sikmuz bxls uml wlszba fae wsbwlsuy bh miz {ihl, {mijm {lsl ba uml{mb`l ia l}jlzz bh z|jm fz fsl jbahlssle ba min ia fay zyzuln bh nbelsa o|sizws|elajl! C|uia {mfu jfwfjiuy eie ml fjv|isl umln2 Abu fz M|zcfae, c|u fz Hfumls! Cy uml Jbahfsslfuiba,Jblnwuiba, fae \z|z, uml {bnfa wfzzle ia nfa|n xisi, umfu iz, ia `f{ zml cljfnl umlEf|kmuls bh mls m|zcfae! Zml {fz iaj`|ele ia miz Wfusif Wbulzufz! Zml iaj|ssle f`` umlìfciìuilz zwsiakiak b|u bh iu {mi`l iu z|czizule, fae z|sxixiak iu {mla iu mfe l}wisle! F`` mls wsbwlsuy cljfnl fczb`|ul`y miz, fae zml {fz slufiale ia u|ul`fkl fhuls miz elfum ub umlk|fseifa {mbn ml mfe fwwbiaule cy {i``! Umlzl umsll fajilau hbsnz bh nfssifkl hl``,mb{lxls, ksfe|f``y iaub eiz|zl, zb umfu, fu uml nbzu zw`laeie wlsibe bh Sbnfa kslfualzz, umly

mfe f`nbzu lauisl`y kixla w`fjl ub f hfzmiba bh {le`bjd―bè fwwfslau`y, c|u abu miumlsubjbazielsle slw|ufc`l―{mijm {fz hb|aele ba f nbeihijfuiba bh uml `b{ls hbsn bh jixi`nfssifkl! [iumb|u l}w`fiaiak uml uljmaijf` nljmfaizn bh uml iazuiu|uiba ab{ klalsf``y wbw|`fs, I nfy elzjsicl iu fz fnb|auiak ia `f{ ub ìuu`l nbsl umfa f ulnwbsfsy elwbziu bh uml{bnfa cy mls hfni`y! Uml sikmuz bh uml hfni`y slnfiale |ainwfisle, fae uml `fey jbauia|leia uml u|ul`fkl bh k|fseifaz {mbn mls wfslauz mfe fwwbiaule fae {mbzl wsixi`lklz bh jbausb`bxlssbel, ia nfay nfulsif` slzwljuz, uml iahlsibs f|umbsiuy bh mls m|zcfae! Uml jbazlv|lajl{fz umfu uml ziu|fuiba bh uml Sbnfa hlnf`l, {mlumls nfssile bs |anfssile, cljfnl bal bh kslfu wlszbaf` fae wsbwsilufsy iaelwlaelajl, hbs uml ulaelajy bh uml `fuls `f{, fz I mfxlf`slfey miaule, {fz ub sle|jl uml wb{ls bh uml k|fseifa ub f a|`ìuy, {mi`l uml hbsn bh

nfssifkl ia hfzmiba jbahlssle ba uml m|zcfae ab jbnwlazfuiak z|wlsibsiuy! C|u Jmsizuifaiuyulaele zbnl{mfu hsbn uml xlsy hiszu ub afssb{ umiz slnfsdfc`l ìclsuy! @le fu hiszu cy o|zuihifc`l eizslìzm hbs uml `bbzl wsfjuijl bh uml eljfyiak mlfumla {bsè, c|u fhuls{fsezm|ssile ba cy f wfzziba bh fzjluijizn, uml wsbhlzzbsz bh uml al{ hfium `bbdle {ium eizhfxb|s ba f nfsiuf` uil {mijm {fz ia hfju uml `f}lzu uml [lzulsa {bsè mfz zlla! Uml `fulzu Sbnfa`f{, zb hfs fz iu iz ub|jmle cy uml Jbazuiu|uibaz bh uml Jmsizuifa Lnwlsbsz, clfsz zbnl nfsdz



;7

hlnf`lz, fsl zui`` n|jm `lzz hfxb|sfc`l ub {ixlz umfa uml klalsfìuy bh Jbauialauf` jbelz Faeylu nbsl zusiaklau ia uml wsbwsilufsy iajfwfjiuilz iu inwbzlz iz uml Lakìzm Jbnnba @f{,{mijm cbssb{z hfs uml kslfulzu a|ncls bh iuz h|aefnlauf` wsiajiw`lz hsbn uml o|sizws|elajlbh uml Jfabaizuz! Iaelle, uml wfsu bh uml Jbnnba @f{ {mijm wslzjsiclz uml `lkf` ziu|fuiba bh nfssile {bnla nfy zlsxl ub kixl fa Lakìzmnfa j`lfs abuibaz bh uml kslfu iazuiu|uiba {mijmmfz clla uml wsiajiwf` z|colju bh umiz jmfwuls! I eb abu dab{ mb{ uml bwlsfuiba fae afu|sl bh uml fajilau Wfusif Wbulzufz jfa cl csb|kmu zb xixie`y clhbsl uml niae fz cy slh`ljuiak ba uml wslsbkfuixlz fuufjmle ub uml m|zcfae cy uml w|sl Lakìzm Jbnnba @f{, fae cy sljf`ìak uml

sikbsb|z jbazizulajy {ium {mijm uml xil{ bh f jbnw`lul `lkf` z|coljuiba ba uml wfsu bh uml{ihl iz jfssile cy iu, {mlsl iu iz |aub|jmle cy lv|iuy bs zufu|ulz, umsb|km lxlsy elwfsunlau bh sikmuz, e|uilz fae slnleilz! Uml eizufajl clu{lla uml lèlzu fae `fulzu Sbnfa `f{ ba umlz|colju bh Jmièsla |aels Wb{ls nfy cl jbazielsle fz lv|ixf`lau ub uml eihhlslajl clu{llauml Jbnnba @f{ fae uml o|sizws|elajl bh uml Jb|su bh Jmfajlsy ia uml s|`lz {mijm umlyslzwljuixl`y fww`y ub {ixlz!

Ih {l {lsl ub `bzl zikmu bh uml us|l bsikia bh K|fseifazmiw ia cbum iuz hbsnz, fae {lslub lnw`by uml jbnnba `fak|fkl ba umlzl ubwijz, {l zmb|è hiae b|szl`xlz slnfsdiak umfu,{mi`l uml U|ul`fkl bh [bnla iz fa iazufajl ia {mijm zyzulnz bh fsjmfij `f{ w|zm ub fa

l}usfxfkfau `lakum uml hijuiba bh z|zwlaele sikmuz, uml s|`lz {mijm umly `fy eb{a hbs umlK|fseifazmiw bh Nf`l Bswmfaz fsl fa l}fnw`l bh f hf|ù ia wsljizl`y uml bwwbziul eisljuiba!Z|jm zyzulnz ulsniaful uml U|ul`fkl bh Nf`lz fu fa l}usfbseiafsy lfs`y wlsibe! \aels umlfajilau Sbnfa `f{, {mijm nfy cl ufdla fz umlis uywl, uml zba {mb {fz elìxlsle hsbn WfusifWbulzufz cy uml elfum bh miz Hfumls bs Ksfaehfumls slnfiale |aels k|fseifazmiw ui`` fa lwbjm{mijm hbs klalsf` w|swbzlz nfy cl elzjsicle fz fssixiak {ium miz hihullaum ylfs4 c|u umlfssixf` bh umfu lwbjm w`fjle min fu bajl ia uml h|`` laobynlau bh wlszbaf` fae wsbwsilufsyiaelwlaelajl! Uml wlsibe bh niabsiuy fwwlfsz umlslhbsl ub mfxl clla fz |aslfzbafc`y zmbsufz uml e|sfuiba bh uml eizfciìuilz bh {bnla {fz wslwbzulsb|z`y `bak! C|u, ia wbiau bh hfju,

umlsl {fz ab l`lnlau liumls bh l}jlzz bs bh zmbsujbniak ia uml jisj|nzufajlz {mijm kfxlumlis bsikiaf` hbsn ub uml u{b diaez bh k|fseifazmiw! Aliumls uml bal abs uml bumls bh umln{fz cfzle ba uml zìkmulzu jbazielsfuiba bh w|cìj bs wsixful jbaxlailajl! Uml k|fseifazmiwbh nf`l bswmfaz {fz ab nbsl elzikale bsikiaf``y ub zmilè umln ui`` uml fssixf` bh ylfsz bh eizjsluiba umfa uml u|ul`fkl bh {bnla {fz iaulaele ub wsbulju uml bumls zl} fkfiazu iuz b{ahllc`lalzz! Uml slfzba {my uml elfum bh uml hfumls elìxlsle uml zba hsbn uml cbaefkl bh umlhfni`y {fz uml zba’z jfwfjiuy hbs cljbniak minzl`h uml mlfe bh f al{ hfni`y fae umlhb|aels bh f al{ Wfusif Wbulzufz4 ab z|jm jfwfjiuy {fz wbzzlzzle cy uml {bnfa, faeumlslhbsl zml {fz alxls lahsfajmizle! Fjjbseiak`y uml K|fseifazmiw bh Nf`l Bswmfaz {fz fjbausixfajl hbs dllwiak fìxl uml zlnc`fajl bh z|cbseiafuiba ub uml hfni`y bh uml Wfslau, |w

ub uml uinl {mla uml jmiè {fz z|wwbzle jfwfc`l bh cljbniak f wfslau minzl`h! Iu {fz f wsb`bakfuiba bh uml Wfusif Wbulzufz |w ub uml wlsibe bh cfsl wmyzijf` nfambbe! Iu laele {ium w|clsuy, hbs uml sikb|s bh uml umlbsy elnfaele umfu iu zmb|è cl zb! Iafzn|jm, mb{lxls, fz iueie abu wsbhlzz ub jbae|ju uml bswmfa {fse ub uml fkl bh iaul``lju|f` nfu|siuy bs hiualzz hbs fhhfisz, iu {fz v|iul |alv|f` ub uml w|swbzlz bh klalsf` jbaxlailajl4 fae umiz uml Sbnfazzlln ub mfxl eizjbxlsle fu f xlsy lfs`y zufkl bh umlis zbjif` wsbkslzz! Bal bh uml xlsy bèlzu



;6

nba|nlauz bh Sbnfa `lkiz`fuiba iz uml @l} @Śubsif bs W`Śubsif, {mijm w`fjle f`` hsll nf`lz{mb {lsl bh h|`` ylfsz fae sikmuz |aels uml ulnwbsfsy jbausb` bh f al{ j`fzz bh k|fseifaz,jf``le J|sfubslz, {mbzl zfajuiba {fz slv|isle ub xfìeful umlis fjuz bs jbausfjuz! Uml u{lauy.zi}um ylfs bh uml yb|ak nfa’z fkl {fz uml ìniu bh umiz zufu|ubsy z|wlsxiziba4 fae iu izl}j`|zixl`y {ium slhlslajl ub uml fkl bh u{lauy.hixl umfu uml ulsnz ‐nfobsiuy„ fae ‐niabsiuy„fsl lnw`byle ia Sbnfa `f{! W|wi`fkl bs {fsezmiw ia nbelsa o|sizws|elajl mfz feo|zuleiuzl`h {ium ub`lsfc`l slk|`fsiuy ub uml zinw`l wsiajiw`l bh wsbuljuiba ub uml innfu|siuy bh yb|um cbum cbei`y fae nlauf`! Iu mfz iuz afu|sf` ulsniafuiba {ium ylfsz bh eizjsluiba! C|u hbs

wsbuljuiba fkfiazu wmyzijf` {lfdalzz fae hbs wsbuljuiba fkfiazu iaul``lju|f` iajfwfjiuy, umlSbnfaz `bbdle ub u{b eihhlslau iazuiu|uibaz, eizuiaju cbum ia umlbsy fae elzika! Uml ielfzfuulaefau ba cbum fsl jbnciale ia uml nbelsa ielf bh k|fseifazmiw!

Uml @f{ bh Wlszbaz jbaufiaz c|u bal bumls jmfwuls {mijm jfa cl |zlh|``y jiule hbs b|s wslzlau w|swbzl! Uml `lkf` s|`lz cy {mijm zyzulnz bh nfu|sl o|sizws|elajl slk|`ful umljbaal}iba bh Nfzuls fae Z`fxl, wslzlau ab xlsy eizuiaju usfjlz bh uml bsikiaf` jbaeiuibajbnnba ub fajilau zbjiluilz! C|u umlsl fsl slfzbaz hbs umiz l}jlwuiba! Umlsl zllnz ub clzbnlumiak ia uml iazuiu|uiba bh Z`fxlsy {mijm mfz fu f`` uinlz liumls zmbjdle bs wlsw`l}lenfadiae, mb{lxls ìuu`l mfciu|fule ub slh`ljuiba, fae mb{lxls zìkmu`y fexfajle ia uml

j|ùixfuiba bh iuz nbsf` iazuiajuz! Uml jbnw|ajuiba {mijm fajilau jbnn|aiuilz f`nbzu|ajbazjib|z`y l}wlsilajle fwwlfsz ub mfxl f`{fyz slz|ùle ia uml febwuiba bh zbnlinfkiafsy wsiajiw`l |wba {mijm f elhlajl, bs fu `lfzu f sfuibaf`l, bh z`fxlsy jb|è cl w`f|zic`y hb|aele! Xlsy lfs`y ia umlis mizubsy uml Kslldz l}w`fiale uml iazuiu|uiba fzksb|aele ba uml iaul``lju|f` iahlsibsiuy bh jlsufia sfjlz fae umlis jbazlv|lau afu|sf` fwuiu|elhbs uml zlsxi`l jbaeiuiba! Uml Sbnfaz, ia f zwisiu lv|f``y jmfsfjulsizuij, elsixle iu hsbn fz|wwbzle fksllnlau clu{lla uml xijubs fae uml xfav|izmle ia {mijm uml hiszu zuiw|`fule hbs uml wlswlu|f` zlsxijlz bh miz hbl4 fae uml bumls kfiale ia jbazielsfuiba uml ìhl {mijm ml mfe`lkiuinful`y hbshliule! Z|jm umlbsilz {lsl abu ba`y |azb|ae c|u w`fia`y |alv|f` ub uml jfzl

hbs {mijm umly fhhljule ub fjjb|au! Zui`` umly l}lsjizle wb{lsh|` iah`|lajl ia nfay {fyz!Umly zfuizhile uml jbazjilajl bh uml Nfzuls! Umly wlswlu|fule fae wsbcfc`y iajslfzle umlelcfzlnlau bh uml Z`fxl! Fae umly afu|sf``y ulaele ub w|u b|u bh zikmu uml sl`fuiba ia {mijmzlsxiu|el mfe bsikiaf``y zubbe ub uml slzu bh uml ebnlzuij zyzuln! Uml sl`fuiba, umb|km abuj`lfs`y l}miciule, iz jfz|f``y iaeijfule ia nfay wfsuz bh uml wsiniuixl `f{, fae nbsl wfsuij|`fs`y ia uml uywijf` zyzuln―umfu bh fajilau Sbnl!

N|jm iae|zusy fae n|jm `lfsaiak mfxl clla clzub{le ia uml \aiule Zufulz bh Fnlsijf ba uml v|lzuiba {mlumls uml Z`fxl {fz ia uml lfs`y zufklz bh zbjiluy f sljbkaizlenlncls bh uml Hfni`y! Umlsl iz f zlazl ia {mijm fa fhhisnfuixl faz{ls n|zu jlsufia`y cl

kixla! Iu iz j`lfs, hsbn uml ulzuinbay cbum bh fajilau `f{ fae bh nfay wsinlxf` mizubsilz, umfuuml Z`fxl nikmu |aels jlsufia jbaeiuibaz cl nfel uml Mlis, bs \aixlszf` Z|jjlzzbs, bh umlNfzuls, fae umiz zikaihijfau hfj|ùy, fz I zmf`` l}w`fia ia uml Jmfwuls ba Z|jjlzziba, inwìlzumfu uml kbxlsanlau fae slwslzlaufuiba bh uml Hfni`y nikmu, ia f wfsuij|`fs zuful bh jisj|nzufajlz, elxb`xl ba uml cbaenfa! Iu zllnz, mb{lxls, ub cl fzz|nle ia uml Fnlsijfafsk|nlauz ba uml z|colju umfu, ih {l f``b{ Z`fxlsy ub mfxl clla f wsiniuixl Hfni`y



;3

iazuiu|uiba, uml fjdab{`leknlau iz wslkafau {ium fa fenizziba bh uml nbsf` elhlaziciìuy bh Alksb.zlsxiu|el fu uml wslzlau nbnlau! [mfu umla iz nlfau cy zfyiak umfu uml Z`fxl {fzbsikiaf``y iaj`|ele ia uml Hfni`y2 Abu umfu miz ziu|fuiba nfy abu mfxl clla uml hs|iu bh umljbfszlzu nbuixlz {mijm jfa fju|ful nfa! Uml zinw`l {izm ub |zl uml cbei`y wb{lsz bh fabumls wlszba fz f nlfaz bh niaizulsiak ub bal’z b{a lfzl bs w`lfz|sl iz eb|cu`lzz umlhb|aefuiba bh Z`fxlsy, fae fz bè fz m|nfa afu|sl! [mla {l zwlfd bh uml Z`fxl fz fajilau`yiaj`|ele ia uml Hfni`y, {l iaulae ub fzzlsu abumiak fz ub uml nbuixlz bh umbzl {mb csb|kmumin iaub iu bs dlwu min umlsl4 {l nlsl`y inw`y umfu uml uil {mijm cb|ae min ub miz nfzuls

{fz slkfsele fz bal bh uml zfnl klalsf` jmfsfjuls {ium umfu {mijm |aiule lxlsy bumls nlncls bh uml ksb|w ub miz jmilhufia! Umiz jbazlv|lajl iz, ia hfju, jfssile ia uml klalsf`fzzlsuiba f`slfey nfel umfu uml wsiniuixl ielfz bh nfadiae {lsl |alv|f` ub jbnwslmlaeiakfay cfziz bh uml jbaal}iba iauls zl bh iaeixie|f`z, fwfsu hsbn uml sl`fuibaz bh hfni`y! UmlHfni`y jbazizule wsinfsi`y bh umbzl {mb cl`bakle ub iu cy jbazfak|iaiuy, fae al}u bh umbzl{mb mfe clla laksfhule ba iu cy febwuiba4 c|u umlsl {fz zui`` f umise j`fzz bh wlszbaz {mb{lsl ba`y obiale ub iu cy jbnnba z|coljuiba ub iuz mlfe, fae umlzl {lsl uml Z`fxlz! Uml cbsafae uml febwule z|coljuz bh uml jmilh {lsl sfizle fcbxl uml Z`fxl cy uml jlsufiauy umfu ia umlbseiafsy jb|szl bh lxlauz umly {b|è cl slìlxle hsbn cbaefkl fae lauiu`le ub l}lsjizl wb{lsz bh umlis b{a4 c|u umfu uml iahlsibsiuy bh uml Z`fxl {fz abu z|jm fz ub w`fjl min b|uziel

uml wf`l bh uml Hfni`y, bs z|jm fz ub elksfel min ub uml hbbuiak bh iafainful wsbwlsuy, izj`lfs`y wsbxle, I umiad, cy uml nfay usfjlz {mijm slnfia bh miz fajilau jfwfjiuy hbs iamlsiufajl ia uml `fzu slzbsu! Iu {b|è, bh jb|szl, cl |azfhl ia uml mikmlzu elksll ub mffsejbaolju|slz mb{ hfs uml `bu bh uml Z`fxl {fz niuikfule, ia uml clkiaaiakz bh zbjiluy, cymfxiak f elhiaiul w`fjl slzlsxle ub min ia uml lnwisl bh uml Hfumls! Iu iz, wlsmfwz, nbsl wsbcfc`l umfu uml zba {fz wsfjuijf``y fzzini`fule ub uml Z`fxl, umfa umfu uml Z`fxl zmfsle faybh uml ulaelsalzz {mijm ia `fuls uinlz {fz zmb{a ub uml zba! C|u iu nfy cl fzzlsule {iumzbnl jbahielajl bh fexfajle fae nfu|sle jbelz umfu, {mlslxls zlsxiu|el iz zfajuibale, umlz`fxl mfz |aihbsn`y kslfuls fexfaufklz |aels zyzulnz {mijm wslzlsxl zbnl nlnlaub bh miz

lfsìls jbaeiuiba umfa |aels umbzl {mijm mfxl febwule zbnl bumls umlbsy bh miz jixièlksfefuiba! Uml wbiau bh xil{ hsbn {mijm o|sizws|elajl slkfsez uml Z`fxl iz f`{fyz bh kslfu inwbsufajl ub min! Uml Sbnfa `f{ {fz fsslzule ia iuz ksb{iak ulaelajy ub `bbd |wbamin nbsl fae nbsl fz fa fsuij`l bh wsbwlsuy cy uml umlbsy bh uml @f{ bh Afu|sl4 fae mlajl iuiz umfu, {mlslxls zlsxiu|el iz zfajuibale cy iazuiu|uibaz {mijm mfxl clla ellw`y fhhljule cySbnfa o|sizws|elajl, uml zlsxi`l jbaeiuiba iz alxls iaub`lsfc`y {slujmle! Umlsl iz f kslfuelf` bh lxielajl umfu ia umbzl Fnlsijfa Zufulz {mijm mfxl ufdla uml mikm`y Sbnfaizle jbelbh @b|izifaf fz uml cfziz bh umlis o|sizws|elajl, uml `bu fae wsbzwljuz bh uml Alksb. wbw|`fuiba {lsl cluuls ia nfay nfulsif` slzwljuz, |aui` uml `luuls bh uml h|aefnlauf` `f{ {fzbxls`fie cy sljlau zufu|ubsy lafjunlauz wfzzle |aels uml iah`|lajl bh wfaij, umfa |aels

iazuiu|uibaz hb|aele ba uml Lakìzm Jbnnba @f{, {mijm, fz sljlau`y iaulswslule, mfz ab us|l w`fjl hbs uml Z`fxl, fae jfa ba`y umlslhbsl slkfse min fz f jmfuul`!

[l mfxl ab{ l}fniale f`` wfsuz bh uml fajilau @f{ bh Wlszbaz {mijm hf`` {iumia umlzjbwl bh umiz uslfuizl, fae uml slz|ù bh uml iav|isy iz, I us|zu, ub kixl feeiuibaf` elhiaiulalzzfae wsljiziba ub b|s xil{ bh uml iahfajy bh o|sizws|elajl! Uml Jixi` `f{z bh Zufulz hiszu nfdl



;:

umlis fwwlfsfajl fz uml Umlnizulz bh f wfusifsjmf` zbxlslika, fae {l jfa ab{ zll umfu umlzlUmlnizulz fsl wsbcfc`y ba`y f elxl`bwle hbsn bh uml isslzwbazic`l jbnnfaez {mijm, ia fzui`` lfsìls jbaeiuiba bh uml sfjl, uml mlfe bh lfjm izb`fule mb|zlmbè nfy mfxl feeslzzle ubmiz {ixlz, miz jmièsla, fae miz z`fxlz! C|u, lxla fhuls uml Zuful mfz clla bskfaizle, uml `f{zmfxl zui`` fa l}uslnl`y ìniule fwwìjfuiba! [mlumls umly slufia umlis wsiniuixl jmfsfjuls fzUmlnizulz, bs {mlumls umly fexfajl ub uml jbaeiuiba bh J|zubnz bs Jbeihile Ul}uz, umly fsl ciaeiak abu ba iaeixie|f`z, c|u ba Hfniìlz! Fajilau o|sizws|elajl, ih f wlsmfwz eljlwuixljbnwfsizba nfy cl lnw`byle, nfy cl ìdlale ub Iaulsafuibaf` @f{, hi`ìak abumiak, fz iu

{lsl, l}jlwu uml iaulszuijlz clu{lla uml kslfu ksb|wz {mijm fsl uml fubnz bh zbjiluy! Ia fjbnn|aiuy zb ziu|fule, uml `lkiz`fuiba bh fzzlncìlz fae uml o|sizeijuiba bh Jb|suz slfjm ba`yub uml mlfez bh hfniìlz, fae ub lxlsy bumls iaeixie|f` uml s|`l bh jbae|ju iz uml `f{ bh mizmbnl, bh {mijm miz Wfslau iz uml `lkiz`fubs! C|u uml zwmlsl bh jixi` `f{, znf`` fu hiszu, ulaezzulfei`y ub la`fskl iuzl`h! Uml fklauz bh `lkf` jmfakl, Hijuibaz, Lv|iuy, fae @lkiz`fuiba, fsl csb|kmu ia u|sa ub clfs ba uml wsinlxf` iazuiu|uibaz, fae fu lxlsy wbiau bh uml wsbkslzz, fkslfuls a|ncls bh wlszbaf` sikmuz fae f `fskls fnb|au bh wsbwlsuy fsl slnbxle hsbn umlebnlzuij hbs|n ub uml jbkaifajl bh uml w|cìj usic|af`z! Uml bseiafajlz bh uml kbxlsanlaubcufia ksfe|f``y uml zfnl lhhijfjy ia wsixful jbajlsaz fz ia nfuulsz bh zuful, fae fsl ab`bakls ìfc`l ub cl bxlssieela cy uml clmlzuz bh f elzwbu laumsbale cy lfjm mlfsumzubal! [l

mfxl ia uml faaf`z bh Sbnfa `f{ f alfs`y jbnw`lul mizubsy bh uml js|ncìak f{fy bh fafsjmfij zyzuln, fae bh uml hbsnfuiba bh al{ iazuiu|uibaz hsbn uml sl.jbnciale nfulsif`z,iazuiu|uibaz zbnl bh {mijm elzjlaele |ainwfisle ub uml nbelsa {bsè, {mi`l bumlsz,elzusbyle bs jbss|wule cy jbaufju {ium cfscfsizn ia uml efsd fklz, mfe fkfia ub cl sljbxlsle cy nfadiae! [mla {l `lfxl umiz o|sizws|elajl fu uml lwbjm bh iuz hiaf` sljbazus|juiba cyO|zuiaifa, hl{ usfjlz bh fsjmfizn jfa cl eizjbxlsle ia fay wfsu bh iu l}jlwu ia uml ziak`lfsuij`l bh uml l}ulazixl wb{lsz zui`` slzlsxle ub uml ìxiak Wfslau! Lxlsy{mlsl l`zl wsiajiw`lzbh jbaxlailajl, bs bh zynnlusy, bs bh zinwìhijfuiba―al{ wsiajiw`lz fu fay sful―mfxl|z|swle uml f|umbsiuy bh uml olo|al jbazielsfuibaz {mijm zfuizhile uml jbazjilajl bh fajilau

uinlz! Lxlsy{mlsl f al{ nbsfìuy mfz eizw`fjle uml jfabaz bh jbae|ju fae uml slfzbaz bh fjv|ilzjlajl {mijm {lsl ia |aizba {ium uml fajilau |zfklz, cljf|zl ia hfju umly {lsl cbsabh umln!

Uml nbxlnlau bh uml wsbkslzzixl zbjiluilz mfz clla |aihbsn ia bal slzwlju! Umsb|kmf`` iuz jb|szl iu mfz clla eizuiak|izmle cy uml ksfe|f` eizzb`|uiba bh hfni`y elwlaelajy faeuml ksb{um bh iaeixie|f` bcìkfuiba ia iuz w`fjl! Uml iaeixie|f` iz zulfei`y z|czuiu|ule hbs umlHfni`y, fz uml |aiu bh {mijm jixi` `f{z ufdl fjjb|au! Uml fexfajl mfz clla fjjbnwìzmle fuxfsyiak sfulz bh jl`lsiuy, fae umlsl fsl zbjiluilz abu fczb`|ul`y zufuibafsy ia {mijm umljb``fwzl bh uml fajilau bskfaizfuiba jfa ba`y cl wlsjlixle cy jfslh|` zu|ey bh uml wmlabnlaf

umly wslzlau! C|u, {mfulxls iuz wfjl, uml jmfakl mfz abu clla z|colju ub slfjuiba bs sljbi`,fae fwwfslau slufsefuibaz {i`` cl hb|ae ub mfxl clla bjjfzibale umsb|km uml fczbswuiba bh fsjmfij ielfz fae j|zubnz hsbn zbnl lauisl`y hbslika zb|sjl! Abs iz iu eihhij|ù ub zll {mfu izuml uil clu{lla nfa fae nfa {mijm slw`fjlz cy elksllz umbzl hbsnz bh sljiwsbjiuy ia sikmuzfae e|uilz {mijm mfxl umlis bsikia ia uml Hfni`y! Iu iz Jbausfju! Zufsuiak, fz hsbn balulsnia|z bh mizubsy, hsbn f jbaeiuiba bh zbjiluy ia {mijm f`` uml sl`fuibaz bh Wlszbaz fsl



;5

z|nnle |w ia uml sl`fuibaz bh Hfni`y, {l zlln ub mfxl zulfei`y nbxle ub{fsez f wmfzl bh zbjif` bsels ia {mijm f`` umlzl sl`fuibaz fsizl hsbn uml hsll fksllnlau bh iaeixie|f`z! Ia[lzulsa L|sbwl uml wsbkslzz fjmilxle ia umiz eisljuiba mfz clla jbazielsfc`l! Um|z umlzufu|z bh uml Z`fxl mfz eizfwwlfsle―iu mfz clla z|wlszlele cy uml jbausfju|f` sl`fuiba bh umlzlsxfau ub miz nfzuls! Uml zufu|z bh uml Hlnf`l |aels U|ul`fkl, ih uml u|ul`fkl cl |aelszubbebh wlszbaz bumls umfa mls m|zcfae, mfz f`zb jlfzle ub l}izu4 hsbn mls jbniak bh fkl ub mls nfssifkl f`` uml sl`fuibaz zml nfy hbsn fsl sl`fuibaz bh jbausfju! Zb ubb uml zufu|z bh uml Zba|aels Wb{ls mfz ab us|l w`fjl ia uml `f{ bh nbelsa L|sbwlfa zbjiluilz! Ih fay jixi`

bcìkfuiba ciaez ubklumls uml Wfslau fae uml jmiè bh h|`` fkl, iu iz bal ub {mijm ba`y jbausfjukixlz iuz `lkf` xfìeiuy! Uml fwwfslau l}jlwuibaz fsl l}jlwuibaz bh umfu zufnw {mijm i``|zusfuluml s|`l! Uml jmiè clhbsl ylfsz bh eizjsluiba, uml bswmfa |aels k|fseifazmiw, uml feo|ekle`|afuij, mfxl f`` umlis jfwfjiuilz fae iajfwfjiuilz slk|`fule cy uml @f{ bh Wlszbaz! C|u {my2Uml slfzba iz eihhlslau`y l}wslzzle ia uml jbaxlauibaf` `fak|fkl bh eihhlslau zyzulnz, c|u iaz|czufajl iu iz zufule ub uml zfnl lhhlju cy f``! Uml kslfu nfobsiuy bh O|sizuz fsl jbazufau ubuml wsiajiw`l umfu uml j`fzzlz bh wlszbaz o|zu nlauibale fsl z|colju ub l}usiazij jbausb` ba umlziak`l ksb|ae umfu umly eb abu wbzzlzz uml hfj|ùy bh hbsniak f o|eknlau ba umlis b{aiaulslzuz4 ia bumls {bsez, umfu umly fsl {fauiak ia uml hiszu lzzlauif` bh fa lakfklnlau cyJbausfju!

Uml {bse Zufu|z nfy cl |zlh|``y lnw`byle ub jbazus|ju f hbsn|`f l}wslzziak uml `f{bh wsbkslzz um|z iaeijfule, {mijm, {mfulxls cl iuz xf`|l, zllnz ub nl ub cl z|hhijilau`yfzjlsufiale! F`` uml hbsnz bh Zufu|z ufdla abuijl bh ia uml @f{ bh Wlszbaz {lsl elsixle hsbn,fae ub zbnl l}ulau fsl zui`` jb`b|sle cy, uml wb{lsz fae wsixi`lklz fajilau`y slzieiak ia umlHfni`y! Ih umla {l lnw`by Zufu|z, fksllfc`y {ium uml |zfkl bh uml clzu {siulsz, ub zikaihyumlzl wlszbaf` jbaeiuibaz ba`y, fae fxbie fww`yiak uml ulsn ub z|jm jbaeiuibaz fz fsl umlinnleiful bs slnbul slz|ù bh fksllnlau, {l nfy zfy umfu uml nbxlnlau bh uml wsbkslzzixlzbjiluilz mfz miumlsub clla f nbxlnlau hsbn Zufu|z ub Jbausfju!



;<

JMFWULS XI! UML LFS@Y MIZUBSY BH ULZUFNLAUFSY Z\JJLZZIBA!Ih fa fuulnwu {lsl nfel ub elnbazusful ia Lak`fae uml z|wlsibsiuy bh uml mizubsijf`

nlumbe bh iaxlzuikfuiba ub uml nbelz bh iav|isy jbajlsaiak O|sizws|elajl {mijm fsl iahfzmiba fnbak |z, ab elwfsunlau bh @f{ {b|è cluuls zlsxl fz fa l}fnw`l umfa Ulzufnlauzbs [i``z! Iuz jfwfciìuilz iu b{lz ub iuz kslfu `lakum fae kslfu jbauia|iuy! Fu uml clkiaaiak bh iuz mizubsy {l hiae b|szl`xlz ia uml xlsy iahfajy bh uml zbjif` zuful, z|ssb|aele cyjbajlwuibaz {mijm iu slv|islz zbnl lhhbsu bh niae ub slfìzl ia umlis fajilau hbsn4 {mi`l mlsl,fu uml bumls l}uslniuy bh iuz ìal bh wsbkslzz, {l fsl ia uml niezu bh `lkf` abuibaz {mijm fslabumiak nbsl umfa umbzl zfnl jbajlwuibaz eizk|izle cy uml wmsfzlb`bky fae cy uml mfciuz bh

umb|kmu {mijm cl`bak ub nbelsa uinlz, fae l}miciuiak umlslhbsl f eihhij|ùy bh fabumls diae,uml eihhij|ùy bh clìlxiak umfu ielfz {mijm hbsn wfsu bh b|s lxlsy.efy nlauf` zubjd jfaslf``y zufae ia alle bh faf`yziz fae l}fniafuiba! Uml ksb{um bh uml @f{ bh [i``z clu{llaumlzl l}uslnl wbiauz jfa cl usfjle {ium slnfsdfc`l eizuiajualzz! Iu {fz n|jm `lzz iaulss|wulefu uml lwbjm bh uml cisum bh hl|efìzn, umfa uml mizubsy bh nbzu bumls csfajmlz bh @f{! Iu iz,iaelle, us|l umfu fz slkfsez f`` wsbxiajlz bh o|sizws|elajl, uml cslfd jf|zle cy uml eixiziba clu{lla fajilau fae nbelsa mizubsy, bs ia bumls {bsez cy uml eizzb`|uiba bh uml Sbnfalnwisl, mfz clla xlsy kslfu`y l}fkklsfule! Iaeb`lajl mfz eiziajìale nfay {siulsz ub cl fuuml wfiaz bh `bbdiak hbs umslfez bh jbaal}iba laufak`le fae bczj|sle cy uml jbah|zibaz bh

zi} usb|c`le jlau|silz, {mi`l bumls iav|islsz, abu afu|sf``y elhijilau ia wfuilajl fae iae|zusy,mfxl clla niz`le cy ie`l wsiel ia uml `lkf` zyzuln bh umlis jb|ausy, fae cy jbazlv|lau|a{i`ìakalzz ub jbahlzz iuz bcìkfuibaz ub uml o|sizws|elajl bh Sbnl! C|u umlzl|ahfxb|sfc`l iah`|lajlz mfxl mfe jbnwfsfuixl`y ìuu`l lhhlju ba uml wsbxiajl bh Ulzufnlaufsy @f{! Uml cfscfsifaz {lsl jbahlzzle`y zusfaklsz ub fay z|jm jbajlwuiba fz umfubh f [i``! Uml clzu f|umbsiuilz fksll umfu umlsl iz ab usfjl bh iu ia umbzl wfsuz bh umlis {siuulajbelz {mijm jbnwsizl uml j|zubnz wsfjuizle cy umln ia umlis bsikiaf` zlfuz fae ia umlis z|czlv|lau zluu`lnlauz ba uml lekl bh uml Sbnfa Lnwisl! C|u zbba fhuls umly cljfnl ni}le{ium uml wbw|`fuiba bh uml Sbnfa wsbxiajlz umly fwwsbwsifule hsbn uml Inwlsif` o|sizws|elajl uml jbajlwuiba bh f [i``, fu hiszu ia wfsu, fae fhuls{fsez ia f`` iuz iaulksiuy! Uml

iah`|lajl bh uml Jm|sjm mfe n|jm ub eb {ium umiz sfwie fzzini`fuiba! Uml ljj`lzifzuijf` wb{ls mfe xlsy lfs`y z|jjllele ub umbzl wsixi`lklz bh j|zubey fae slkizusfuiba bh Ulzufnlauz{mijm zlxlsf` bh uml mlfumla ulnw`lz mfe laobyle4 fae lxla um|z lfs`y iu {fz f`nbzul}j`|zixl`y ub wsixful clv|lzuz umfu uml slìkib|z hb|aefuibaz b{le umlis ulnwbsf` wbzzlzzibaz! Mlajl iu iz umfu uml eljsllz bh uml lfsìlzu Wsbxiajif` Jb|aji`z wlswlu|f``yjbaufia fafumlnfz fkfiazu umbzl {mb elay uml zfajuiuy bh [i``z! Mlsl, ia Lak`fae, Jm|sjm



;8

iah`|lajl {fz jlsufia`y jmilh fnbak uml jf|zlz {mijm cy |aixlszf` fjdab{`leknlau mfxl wslxlaule umfu eizjbauia|iuy ia uml mizubsy bh Ulzufnlaufsy @f{ {mijm iz zbnluinlz clìlxleub l}izu ia uml mizubsy bh bumls wsbxiajlz bh O|sizws|elajl! Uml o|sizeijuiba bxls bal j`fzz bh [i``z {fz el`lkfule ub uml Ljj`lzifzuijf` Jb|suz, {mijm fwwìle ub umln, umb|km abu f`{fyziaul`ìklau`y, uml wsiajiw`lz bh Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl4 fae, umb|km aliumls uml Jb|suz bh Jbnnba @f{ abs uml Jb|su bh Jmfajlsy b{ale fay wbziuixl bcìkfuiba ub hb``b{ umlLjj`lzifzuijf` usic|af`z, umly jb|è abu lzjfwl uml wbulau iah`|lajl bh f zyzuln bh zluu`les|`lz ia jb|szl bh fwwìjfuiba cy umlis ziel! Uml Lakìzm `f{ bh ulzufnlaufsy z|jjlzziba ub

wlszbafùy mfz cljbnl f nbeihile hbsn bh uml eizwlazfuiba |aels {mijm uml iamlsiufajlz bh Sbnfa jiuilaz {lsl feniaizulsle!

Iu iz abu eihhij|ù ub wbiau b|u uml l}uslnl eihhlslajl bh uml jbaj`|zibaz hbsjle ba |z cyuml mizubsijf` uslfunlau bh uml z|colju, hsbn umbzl ub {mijm {l fsl jbae|jule {mla, {iumb|uuml ml`w bh mizubsy, {l nlsl`y zusixl ub faf`yzl b|s wsinã hfjil inwslzzibaz! I z|wwbzl umlsliz abcbey {mb, zufsuiak hsbn uml wbw|`fs bs lxla uml `lkf` jbajlwuiba bh f [i``, {b|è abuinfkial umfu jlsufia v|fìuilz fsl aljlzzfsi`y fuufjmle ub iu! Ml {b|è zfy, hbs l}fnw`l, umfu f[i`` aljlzzfsi`y ufdlz lhhlju fu elfum ba`y,―umfu iu iz zljslu, abu dab{a fz f nfuuls bh jb|szlub wlszbaz ufdiak iaulslzuz |aels iuz wsbxizibaz,―umfu iu iz slxbjfc`l, i! l! f`{fyz jfwfc`l bh

cliak z|wlszlele cy f al{ fju bh ulzufuiba! Ylu I zmf`` cl fc`l ub zmb{ umfu umlsl {fz f uinl{mla abal bh umlzl jmfsfjulsizuijz cl`bakle ub f [i``! Uml Ulzufnlauz hsbn {mijm b|s [i``zfsl eislju`y elzjlaele fu hiszu ubbd lhhlju innleiful`y ba umlis l}lj|uiba4 umly {lsl abuzljslu4 umly {lsl abu slxbjfc`l! Hl{ `lkf` fklajilz fsl, ia hfju, uml hs|iu bh nbsl jbnw`l}mizubsijf` fklajilz umfa umfu cy {mijm f nfa’z {siuula ia ulauibaz jbausb` uml wbzum|nb|zeizwbziuiba bh miz kbbez! Ulzufnlauz xlsy z`b{`y fae ksfe|f``y kfumlsle fsb|ae umln umlv|fìuilz I mfxl nlauibale4 fae umly eie umiz hsbn jf|zlz fae |aels wslzz|sl bh lxlauz {mijmnfy cl jf``le jfz|f`, bs {mijm fu fay sful mfxl ab iaulslzu hbs |z fu wslzlau, l}jlwu zb hfs fzumly mfxl fhhljule uml mizubsy bh `f{!

Fu f uinl {mla `lkf` umlbsilz {lsl nbsl fc|aefau umfa fu wslzlau,―umlbsilz {mijm, iuiz us|l, {lsl hbs uml nbzu wfsu ksfu|iub|z fae wslnfu|sl lab|km, c|u {mijm alxlsuml`lzzslzj|le o|sizws|elajl hsbn umfu {bszl fae nbsl ikabc`l jbaeiuiba, abu |adab{a ubb|szl`xlz, ia {mijm abumiak ìdl f klalsfìzfuiba iz fzwisle ub, fae `f{ iz slkfsele fz f nlsllnwisijf` w|sz|iu―iu {fz uml hfzmiba ub l}w`fia uml slfey fae fwwfslau`y iau|iuixl wlsjlwuiba{mijm {l mfxl bh jlsufia v|fìuilz ia f [i``, cy zfyiak umfu umly {lsl afu|sf` ub iu, bs, fz uml wmsfzl {b|è s|a ia h|``, fuufjmle ub iu cy uml @f{ bh Afu|sl! Abcbey, I infkial, {b|èfhhlju ub nfiaufia z|jm f ebjusial, {mla bajl iu {fz fzjlsufiale umfu f`` umlzl jmfsfjulsizuijzmfe umlis bsikia {iumia mizubsijf` nlnbsy4 fu uml zfnl uinl, xlzuiklz bh uml umlbsy bh {mijm

uml ebjusial iz fa bhhzmbbu, ìakls ia hbsnz bh l}wslzziba {mijm {l f`` bh |z |zl fae wlsmfwzzjfsjl`y dab{ mb{ ub eizwlazl {ium! I nfy i``|zusful umiz cy nlauibaiak f wbziuiba jbnnbaia uml `lkf` ìulsfu|sl bh uml zlxlaullaum jlau|sy! Uml o|sizuz bh umfu wlsibe xlsy jbnnba`yfzzlsu umfu uml wb{ls bh Ulzufuiba iuzl`h iz bh Afu|sf` @f{, umfu iu iz f sikmu jbahlssle cy uml@f{ bh Afu|sl! Umlis ulfjmiak, umb|km f`` wlszbaz nfy abu fu bajl zll uml jbaal}iba, iz iaz|czufajl hb``b{le cy umbzl {mb fhhisn umfu uml sikmu bh eijufuiak bs jbausb`ìak uml



;;

wbzum|nb|z eizwbzf` bh wsbwlsuy iz f aljlzzfsy bs afu|sf` jbazlv|lajl bh uml wsbwsilufsysikmuz umlnzl`xlz! Fae lxlsy zu|elau bh uljmaijf` o|sizws|elajl n|zu mfxl jbnl fjsbzz umlzfnl xil{, j`bumle ia uml `fak|fkl bh f sfumls eihhlslau zjmbb`, {mijm, ia iuz sfuibaf`l bh umizelwfsunlau bh `f{, uslfuz z|jjlzziba l} ulzufnlaub fz uml nbel bh elxb`|uiba {mijm uml wsbwlsuy bh eljlfzle wlszbaz b|kmu wsinfsi`y ub hb``b{, fae umla wsbjllez ub fjjb|au hbs z|jjlzziba fc iaulzufub fz uml iajielauf` wsbxiziba bh uml `f{kixls hbs uml eizjmfskl bh fh|ajuiba {mijm {fz ba`y `lhu |awlshbsnle umsb|km uml alk`lju bs nizhbsu|al bh uml eljlfzle wsbwsilubs! Umlzl bwiaibaz fsl ba`y l}wfaele hbsnz bh uml nbsl jbnwlaeib|z ebjusial umfu

Ulzufnlaufsy eizwbziuiba iz fa iazuiu|uiba bh uml @f{ bh Afu|sl! Iu iz jlsufia`y alxls v|iulzfhl ub wsbab|ajl ebknfuijf``y fz ub uml sfakl bh fzzbjifuiba lncsfjle cy nbelsa niaez,{mla umly slh`lju ba Afu|sl fae mls @f{4 c|u I clìlxl umfu nbzu wlszbaz, {mb fhhisn umfuuml Ulzufnlaufsy Wb{ls iz bh Afu|sf` @f{, nfy cl ufdla ub inw`y liumls umfu, fz f nfuuls bh hfju, iu iz |aixlszf`, bs umfu afuibaz fsl wsbnwule ub zfajuiba iu cy fa bsikiaf` iazuiaju faeinw|`zl! [ium slzwlju ub uml hiszu bh umlzl wbziuibaz, I umiad umfu, {mla l}wìjiu`y zlu hbsum, iujfa alxls cl zlsib|z`y jbaulaele hbs ia fa fkl {mijm mfz zlla uml zlxlsl slzusfiauz inwbzleba uml Ulzufnlaufsy Wb{ls cy uml Jbel Afwb`éba, fae mfz {iualzzle uml zulfeyn|ùiwìjfuiba bh zyzulnz hbs {mijm uml Hslajm jbelz mfxl zlsxle fz f nbel`! Ub uml zljbaefzzlsuiba {l n|zu bcolju umfu iu iz jbausfsy ub uml clzu.fzjlsufiale hfjuz ia uml lfs`y mizubsy bh

`f{, fae I xlau|sl ub fhhisn klalsf``y umfu, ia f`` iaeiklab|z zbjiluilz, f jbaeiuiba bh o|sizws|elajl ia {mijm Ulzufnlaufsy wsixi`lklz fsl abu f``b{le, bs sfumls abu jbaulnw`fule,mfz wsljlele umfu `fuls zufkl bh `lkf` elxl`bwnlau ia {mijm uml nlsl {i`` bh uml wsbwsilubs iz wlsniuule |aels nbsl bs `lzz bh slzusijuiba ub bxlssiel uml j`finz bh miz diaesle ia c`bbe!

Uml jbajlwuiba bh f [i`` bs Ulzufnlau jfaabu cl jbazielsle cy iuzl`h! Iu iz f nlncls,fae abu uml hiszu, bh f zlsilz bh jbajlwuibaz! Ia iuzl`h f [i`` iz zinw`y uml iazus|nlau cy {mijmuml iaulauiba bh uml ulzufubs iz elj`fsle! Iu n|zu cl j`lfs, I umiad, umfu clhbsl z|jm faiazus|nlau ufdlz iuz u|sa hbs eizj|zziba, umlsl fsl zlxlsf` wslìniafsy wbiauz ub cl

l}fniale―fz hbs l}fnw`l, {mfu iz iu, {mfu zbsu bh sikmu bs iaulslzu, {mijm wfzzlz hsbn felfe nfa ba miz eljlfzl2 ub {mbn fae ia {mfu hbsn eblz iu wfzz2 fae mb{ jfnl iu umfu umlelfe {lsl f``b{le ub jbausb` uml wbzum|nb|z eizwbziuiba bh umlis wsbwlsuy2 Umsb{a iaubuljmaijf` `fak|fkl, uml elwlaelajl bh uml xfsib|z jbajlwuibaz {mijm jbausic|ul ub uml abuibabh f [i`` iz um|z l}wslzzle! F [i`` bs Ulzufnlau iz fa iazus|nlau cy {mijm uml elxb`|uiba bh fa iamlsiufajl iz wslzjsicle! Iamlsiufajl iz f hbsn bh |aixlszf` z|jjlzziba! F |aixlszf`z|jjlzziba iz f z|jjlzziba ub f |aixlsziufz o|siz, bs |aixlsziuy bh sikmuz fae e|uilz! Iaxlsuiakumiz bsels {l mfxl umlslhbsl ub iav|isl {mfu iz f |aixlsziufz o|siz4 {mfu iz f |aixlszf`z|jjlzziba4 {mfu iz uml hbsn bh |aixlszf` z|jjlzziba {mijm iz jf``le fa iamlsiufajl2 Faeumlsl fsl f`zb u{b h|sumls v|lzuibaz, iaelwlaelau ub zbnl l}ulau bh uml wbiauz I mfxl nbbule,

c|u elnfaeiak zb`|uiba clhbsl uml z|colju bh [i``z jfa cl l}mf|zule! Umlzl fsl, mb{ jfnlfa iamlsiufajl ub cl jbausb``le ia fay jfzl cy uml ulzufubs’z xbìuiba, fae {mfu iz uml afu|sl bh uml iazus|nlau cy {mijm iu jfnl ub cl jbausb``le2

Uml hiszu v|lzuiba sl`fulz ub uml |aixlsziufz o|siz4 umfu iz, f |aixlsziuy -bs c|ae`l) bh sikmuz fae e|uilz! F |aixlsziufz o|siz iz f jb``ljuiba bh sikmuz fae e|uilz |aiule cy uml ziak`l



;=

jisj|nzufajl bh umlis mfxiak cl`bakle fu bal uinl ub zbnl bal wlszba! Iu iz, fz iu {lsl, uml`lkf` j`bumiak bh zbnl kixla iaeixie|f`! Iu iz abu hbsnle cy ksb|wiak ubklumls fay sikmuz faefay e|uilz! Iu jfa ba`y cl jbazuiu|ule cy ufdiak f`` uml sikmuz fae f`` uml e|uilz bh f wfsuij|`fs wlszba! Uml uil {mijm jbaaljuz f a|ncls bh sikmuz bh wsbwlsuy, sikmuz bh {fy, sikmuz ub`lkfjilz, e|uilz bh zwljihij wlshbsnfajl, elcuz, bcìkfuibaz ub jbnwlazful {sbakz―{mijm zbjbaaljuz f`` umlzl `lkf` wsixi`lklz fae e|uilz ubklumls fz ub jbazuiu|ul umln f |aixlsziufz o|siz, iz uml hfju bh umlis mfxiak fuufjmle ub zbnl iaeixie|f` jfwfc`l bh l}lsjiziak umln![iumb|u umiz hfju umlsl iz ab |aixlsziuy bh sikmuz fae e|uilz! Uml l}wslzziba |aixlsziufz o|siz

iz abu j`fzzijf`, c|u hbs uml abuiba o|sizws|elajl iz l}j`|zixl`y iaelcule ub Sbnfa `f{4 abs iziu fu f`` eihhij|ù ub zlil! [l n|zu laelfxb|s ub jb``lju |aels bal jbajlwuiba uml {mb`l zlubh `lkf` sl`fuibaz ia {mijm lfjm bal bh |z zufaez ub uml slzu bh uml {bsè! Umlzl, {mfulxls clumlis jmfsfjuls fae jbnwbziuiba, nfdl |w ubklumls f |aixlsziufz o|siz4 fae umlsl iz c|u ìuu`lefakls bh nizufdl ia hbsniak uml abuiba, ih {l fsl ba`y jfslh|` ub slnlncls umfu e|uilz lauls iaub iu v|iul fz n|jm fz sikmuz! B|s e|uilz nfy bxlscf`fajl b|s sikmuz! F nfa nfy b{l nbslumfa ml iz {bsum, fae umlslhbsl ih f nbaly xf`|l iz zlu ba miz jb``ljuixl `lkf` sl`fuibaz mlnfy cl {mfu iz jf``le iazb`xlau! C|u hbs f`` umfu, uml lauisl ksb|w bh sikmuz fae e|uilz {mijmjlauslz ia min iz abu uml `lzz f ‐o|siz |aixlsziufz!„

[l jbnl al}u ub f ‐|aixlszf` z|jjlzziba!„ F |aixlszf` z|jjlzziba iz f z|jjlzziba ub f|aixlsziufz o|siz! Iu bjj|sz {mla bal nfa iz iaxlzule {ium uml `lkf` j`bumiak bh fabumls, cljbniak fu uml zfnl nbnlau z|colju ub f`` miz ìfciìuilz fae lauiu`le ub f`` miz sikmuz! Iabsels umfu uml |aixlszf` z|jjlzziba nfy cl us|l fae wlshlju, uml elxb`|uiba n|zu ufdl w`fjl|ab iju|, fz uml o|sizuz wmsfzl iu! Iu iz bh jb|szl wbzzic`l ub jbajlixl bal nfa fjv|isiak uml{mb`l bh uml sikmuz fae e|uilz bh fabumls fu eihhlslau wlsibez, fz hbs l}fnw`l cy z|jjlzzixl w|sjmfzlz4 bs ml nikmu fjv|isl umln ia eihhlslau jfwfjiuilz, wfsu fz mlis, wfsu fz w|sjmfzls, wfsu fz `lkfull! C|u umb|km uml ksb|w bh sikmuz fae e|uilz um|z nfel |w zmb|è ia hfju fnb|auub uml {mb`l `lkf` wlszbafìuy bh f wfsuij|`fs iaeixie|f`, uml fjv|iziuiba {b|è abu cl f

|aixlszf` z|jjlzziba! Ia bsels umfu umlsl nfy cl f us|l |aixlszf` z|jjlzziba, uml usfaznizziban|zu cl z|jm fz ub wfzz uml {mb`l fkkslkful bh sikmuz fae e|uilz fu uml zfnl nbnlau fae iaxisu|l bh uml zfnl `lkf` jfwfjiuy ia uml sljiwilau! Uml abuiba bh f |aixlszf` z|jjlzziba, ìdlumfu bh f o|siz |aixlsziufz, iz wlsnfalau ia o|sizws|elajl, umb|km ia uml Lakìzm `lkf` zyzulniu iz bczj|sle cy uml kslfu xfsiluy bh jfwfjiuilz ia {mijm sikmuz fsl fjv|isle, fae, fcbxl f``, cy uml eizuiajuiba clu{lla uml u{b kslfu wsbxiajlz bh Lakìzm wsbwlsuy, ‐slfùy„ fae‐wlszbafùy!„ Uml z|jjlzziba bh fa fzzikall ia cfads|wujy ub uml lauisl wsbwlsuy bh uml cfads|wu iz, mb{lxls, f |aixlszf` z|jjlzziba, umb|km fz uml fzzikall ba`y wfyz elcuz ub umll}ulau bh uml fzzluz umiz iz ba`y f nbeihile hbsn bh uml wsinfsy abuiba! [lsl iu jbnnbafnbak |z hbs wlszbaz ub ufdl fzzikanlauz bh f`` f nfa’z wsbwlsuy ba jbaeiuiba bh wfyiak f``

miz elcuz, z|jm usfazhlsz {b|è l}fju`y slzlnc`l uml |aixlszf` z|jjlzzibaz dab{a ub umlbèlzu Sbnfa @f{! [mla f Sbnfa jiuila fesbkfule f zba, i! l! ubbd f nfa, abu f`slfey|aels Wfusif Wbulzufz, fz miz febwuixl jmiè, ml z|jjllele |aixlszf``y ub uml febwuixl jmiè’zlzuful, i! l! ml ubbd f`` uml wsbwlsuy fae cljfnl ìfc`l hbs f`` uml bcìkfuibaz! Zlxlsf` bumls hbsnz bh |aixlszf` z|jjlzziba fwwlfs ia uml wsiniuixl Sbnfa @f{, c|u iahiaiul`y uml nbzuinwbsufau fae uml nbzu e|sfc`l bh f`` {fz umfu bal {ium {mijm {l fsl nbsl innleiful`y



;9

jbajlsale, Mèsleiufz bs Iamlsiufajl! Iamlsiufajl {fz f |aixlszf` z|jjlzziba bjj|ssiak fu felfum! Uml |aixlszf` z|jjlzzbs {fz Mèslz bs Mlis! Ml zulwwle fu bajl iaub f`` uml sikmuz faef`` uml e|uilz bh uml elfe nfa! Ml {fz iazufau`y j`bumle {ium miz lauisl `lkf` wlszba, fae Ialle zjfsjl`y fee umfu uml zwljif` jmfsfjuls bh uml Mèslz slnfiale uml zfnl, {mlumls ml {fzafnle cy f [i`` bs {mlumls ml ubbd ba fa Iaulzufjy! Uml ulsn Mèslz iz ab nbsllnwmfuijf``y |zle bh uml Iaulzuful umfa bh uml Ulzufnlaufsy Mlis, hbs uml nfaals ia {mijm fnfa cljfnl Mèslz mfe abumiak ub eb {ium uml `lkf` jmfsfjuls ml z|zufiale! Uml elfe nfa’z|aixlszf` z|jjlzzbs, mb{lxls ml cljfnl zb, {mlumls cy [i`` bs cy Iaulzufjy, {fz miz Mlis!

C|u uml mlis {fz abu aljlzzfsi`y f ziak`l wlszba! F ksb|w bh wlszbaz, jbazielsle ia `f{ fz fziak`l |aiu, nikmu z|jjlle fz jb.mlisz ub uml Iamlsiufajl!

@lu nl ab{ v|bul uml |z|f` Sbnfa elhiaiuiba bh fa Iamlsiufajl! Uml slfels {i`` cl iaf wbziuiba ub fwwsljiful uml h|`` hbsjl bh uml zlwfsful ulsnz! Mèsleiufz lzu z|jjlzzib ia|aixlsz|n o|z v|be elh|aju|z mfc|iu -‐fa iamlsiufajl iz f z|jjlzziba ub uml lauisl `lkf` wbziuiba bh f eljlfzle nfa„)! Uml abuiba {fz umfu umb|km uml wmyzijf` wlszba bh umleljlfzle mfe wlsizmle, miz `lkf` wlszbafìuy z|sxixle fae elzjlaele |ainwfisle ba miz Mlis bs Jb.mlisz, ia {mbn miz ielauiuy -zb hfs fz uml `f{ {fz jbajlsale) {fz jbauia|le! B|s b{a`f{, ia jbazuiu|uiak uml L}lj|ubs bs Feniaizusfubs uml slwslzlaufuixl bh uml eljlfzle ub uml

l}ulau bh miz wlszbaf` fzzluz, nfy zlsxl fz fa i``|zusfuiba bh uml umlbsy hsbn {mijm iulnfafule4 c|u, fùmb|km iu i``|zusfulz, iu eblz abu l}w`fia iu! Uml xil{ bh lxla uml `fuls Sbnfa @f{ slv|isle f j`bzlalzz bh jbsslzwbaelajl clu{lla uml wbziuiba bh uml eljlfzlefae bh miz Mlis {mijm iz ab hlfu|sl bh fa Lakìzm slwslzlaufuiba4 fae ia uml wsiniuixl o|sizws|elajl lxlsyumiak u|sale ba uml jbauia|iuy bh z|jjlzziba! \a`lzz wsbxiziba {fz nfelia uml {i`` hbs uml iazufau elxb`|uiba bh uml ulzufubs’z sikmuz fae e|uilz ba uml Mlis bs Jb.mlisz, uml ulzufnlau `bzu f`` iuz lhhlju!

Ia nbelsa Ulzufnlaufsy o|sizws|elajl, fz ia uml `fuls Sbnfa `f{, uml bcolju bh hiszu

inwbsufajl iz uml l}lj|uiba bh uml ulzufubs’z iaulauibaz! Ia uml fajilau `f{ bh Sbnl umlz|colju bh jbsslzwbaeiak jfslh|àlzz {fz uml clzub{f` bh uml \aixlszf` Z|jjlzziba! Bal bh umlzl s|`lz zllnz ub b|s lylz f wsiajiw`l eijufule cy jbnnba zlazl, {mi`l uml bumls `bbdzxlsy n|jm ìdl fa ie`l jsbujmlu! Ylu umfu {iumb|u uml zljbae bh umln uml hiszu {b|è alxls mfxl jbnl iaub cliak iz fz jlsufia fz fay wsbwbziuiba bh uml diae jfa cl!

Ia bsels ub zb`xl umiz fwwfslau wfsfeb}, fae ub csiak iaub kslfuls j`lfsalzz uml usfia bh ielfz {mijm I mfxl clla laelfxb|siak ub iaeijful, I n|zu cbssb{ uml slz|ùz bh uml iav|isy{mijm {fz fuulnwule ia uml lfsìls wbsuiba bh uml wsljleiak jmfwuls! [l zf{ bal wlj|ìfsiuyiaxfsifc`y eizuiak|izmiak uml iahfajy bh zbjiluy! Nla fsl slkfsele fae uslfule, abu fz

iaeixie|f`z, c|u f`{fyz fz nlnclsz bh f wfsuij|`fs ksb|w! Lxlsycbey iz hiszu f jiuila, faeumla, fz f jiuila, ml iz f nlncls bh miz bsels―bh fa fsizubjsfjy bs f elnbjsfjy, bh fa bsels bh wfusijifaz bs w`lclifaz4 bs ia umbzl zbjiluilz {mijm fa |amfwwy hful mfz fhhìjule {ium fzwljif` wlsxlsziba ia umlis jb|szl bh elxl`bwnlau, bh f jfzul! Al}u, ml iz f nlncls bh f klaz,mb|zl, bs j`fa4 fae `fzu`y, ml iz f nlncls bh miz hfni`y! Umiz `fzu {fz uml afssb{lzu fae nbzu wlszbaf` sl`fuiba ia {mijm ml zubbe4 abs, wfsfeb}ijf` fz iu nfy zlln, {fz ml lxls slkfsele fz



=7

minzl`h, fz f eizuiaju iaeixie|f`! Miz iaeixie|fìuy {fz z{f``b{le |w ia miz hfni`y! I slwlfuuml elhiaiuiba bh f wsiniuixl zbjiluy kixla clhbsl! Iu mfz hbs iuz |aiuz, abu iaeixie|f`z, c|uksb|wz bh nla |aiule cy uml slfìuy bs uml hijuiba bh c`bbe.sl`fuibazmiw!

Iu iz ia uml wlj|ìfsiuilz bh fa |aelxl`bwle zbjiluy umfu {l zlil uml hiszu usfjl bh f|aixlszf` z|jjlzziba! Jbausfzule {ium uml bskfaizfuiba bh f nbelsa zuful, umljbnnba{lfùmz bh wsiniuixl uinlz nfy cl hfis`y elzjsicle fz jbazizuiak bh f a|ncls bh ìuu`lelzwbuij kbxlsanlauz, lfjm wlshlju`y eizuiaju hsbn uml slzu, lfjm fczb`|ul`y jbausb``le cy uml

wslsbkfuixl bh f ziak`l nbafsjm! C|u umb|km uml Wfusifsjm, hbs {l n|zu abu ylu jf`` min umlWfuls.hfniìfz, mfe sikmuz um|z l}ulazixl, iu iz inwbzzic`l ub eb|cu umfu ml `fy |aels fa lv|f`fnwìu|el bh bcìkfuibaz! Ih ml kbxlsale uml hfni`y, iu {fz hbs iuz clmbbh! Ih ml {fz `bse bh iuz wbzzlzzibaz, ml mlè umln fz us|zull hbs miz jmièsla fae diaesle! Ml mfe ab wsixi`lkl bs wbziuiba eizuiaju hsbn umfu jbahlssle ba min cy miz sl`fuiba ub uml wluuy jbnnba{lfùm{mijm ml kbxlsale! Uml Hfni`y, ia hfju, {fz f Jbswbsfuiba4 fae ml {fz iuz slwslzlaufuixl bs,{l nikmu f`nbzu zfy, iuz W|cìj bhhijls! Ml laobyle sikmuz fae zubbe |aels e|uilz, c|u umlsikmuz fae e|uilz {lsl, ia uml jbaulnw`fuiba bh miz hl``b{.jiuilaz fae ia uml lyl bh uml `f{,v|iul fz n|jm umbzl bh uml jb``ljuixl cbey fz miz b{a! @lu |z jbaziels hbs f nbnlau, umllhhlju {mijm {b|è cl wsbe|jle cy uml elfum bh z|jm f slwslzlaufuixl! Ia uml lyl bh uml `f{,

ia uml xil{ bh uml jixi` nfkizusful, uml elnizl bh uml ebnlzuij f|umbsiuy {b|è cl f wlshlju`yinnfulsif` lxlau! Uml wlszba slwslzlauiak uml jb``ljuixl cbey bh uml hfni`y fae wsinfsi`yslzwbazic`l ub n|aijiwf` o|sizeijuiba {b|è clfs f eihhlslau afnl4 fae umfu {b|è cl f``! Umlsikmuz fae bcìkfuibaz {mijm fuufjmle ub uml eljlfzle mlfe bh uml mb|zl {b|è fuufjm,{iumb|u cslfjm bh jbauia|iuy, ub miz z|jjlzzbs4 hbs, ia wbiau bh hfju, umly {b|è cl uml sikmuzfae bcìkfuibaz bh uml hfni`y, fae uml hfni`y mfe uml eizuiajuixl jmfsfjulsizuij bh fjbswbsfuiba―umfu iu alxls eile! Jsleiubsz {b|è mfxl uml zfnl slnleilz fkfiazu uml al{jmilhufia fz fkfiazu uml bè, hbs uml ìfciìuy cliak umfu bh uml zui`` l}izuiak hfni`y {b|è clfczb`|ul`y |ajmfakle! F`` sikmuz fxfi`fc`l ub uml hfni`y {b|è cl fz fxfi`fc`l fhuls uml

elnizl bh uml mlfezmiw fz clhbsl iu―l}jlwu umfu uml Jbswbsfuiba {b|è cl bcìkle―ih iaelle `fak|fkl zb wsljizl fae uljmaijf` jfa cl wsbwls`y |zle bh umlzl lfs`y uinlz―{b|è cl bcìkle ub z|l |aels f zìkmu`y nbeihile afnl!

Uml mizubsy bh o|sizws|elajl n|zu cl hb``b{le ia iuz {mb`l jb|szl, ih {l fsl ub|aelszufae mb{ ksfe|f``y fae usfei`y zbjiluy eizzb`xle iuzl`h iaub uml jbnwbalau fubnz bh {mijm iu iz ab{ jbazuiu|ule―cy {mfu iazlazic`l ksfefuibaz uml sl`fuiba bh nfa ub nfaz|czuiu|ule iuzl`h hbs uml sl`fuiba bh uml iaeixie|f` ub miz hfni`y fae bh hfniìlz ub lfjm bumls!Uml wbiau ab{ ub cl fuulaele ub iz umfu lxla {mla uml slxb`|uiba mfe fwwfslau`y v|iulfjjbnwìzmle iuzl`h, lxla {mla uml nfkizusful mfe ia kslfu nlfz|sl fzz|nle uml w`fjl bh uml

Wfuls.hfniìfz, fae uml jixi` usic|af` z|czuiu|ule iuzl`h hbs uml ebnlzuij hbs|n, alxlsuml`lzzuml {mb`l zjmlnl bh sikmuz fae e|uilz feniaizulsle cy uml o|eijif` f|umbsiuilz slnfialezmfwle cy uml iah`|lajl bh uml bczb`lul wsixi`lklz fae jb`b|sle ia lxlsy wfsu cy umlis slh`ljuiba! Umlsl zllnz ìuu`l v|lzuiba umfu uml elxb`|uiba bh uml \aixlsziufz O|siz, zbzusla|b|z`y iazizule |wba cy uml Sbnfa @f{ fz uml hiszu jbaeiuiba bh f ulzufnlaufsy bs iaulzuful z|jjlzziba, {fz f hlfu|sl bh uml bèls hbsn bh zbjiluy {mijm nla’z niaez mfe clla



=6

|afc`l ub eizzbjiful hsbn uml al{, umb|km {ium umfu al{ls wmfzl iu mfe ab us|l bs wsbwls jbaaljuiba! Iu zllnz, ia us|um, umfu uml wsb`bakfuiba bh f nfa’z `lkf` l}izulajl ia miz mlis, bs ia f ksb|w bh jb.mlisz, iz aliumls nbsl abs `lzz umfa f jmfsfjulsizuij bh uml hfni`y usfazhlssle cy f hijuiba ub uml iaeixie|f`! Z|jjlzziba ia jbswbsfuibaz iz aljlzzfsi`y |aixlszf`, fae umlhfni`y {fz f jbswbsfuiba! Jbswbsfuibaz alxls eil! Uml eljlfzl bh iaeixie|f` nlnclsz nfdlzab eihhlslajl ub uml jb``ljuixl l}izulajl bh uml fkkslkful cbey, fae eblz abu ia fay {fyfhhlju iuz `lkf` iajielauz, iuz hfj|ùilz bs ìfciìuilz! Ab{ ia uml ielf bh f Sbnfa |aixlszf`z|jjlzziba f`` umlzl v|fìuilz bh f jbswbsfuiba zlln ub mfxl clla usfazhlssle ub uml iaeixie|f`

jiuila! Miz wmyzijf` elfum iz f``b{le ub l}lsjizl ab lhhlju ba uml `lkf` wbziuiba {mijm mlhi``le, fwwfslau`y ba uml wsiajiw`l umfu umfu wbziuiba iz ub cl feo|zule fz j`bzl`y fz wbzzic`l ubuml faf`bkilz bh f hfni`y, {mijm ia iuz jbswbsful jmfsfjuls {fz abu bh jb|szl ìfc`l ub wmyzijf` l}uiajuiba!

I bczlsxl umfu abu f hl{ jbauialauf` o|sizuz mfxl n|jm eihhij|ùy ia jbnwslmlaeiak umlafu|sl bh uml jbaaljuiba clu{lla uml jbajlwuibaz c`laele ia f |aixlszf` z|jjlzziba, faeumlsl iz wlsmfwz ab ubwij ia uml wmi`bzbwmy bh o|sizws|elajl ba {mijm umlis zwlj|`fuibaz, fz fklalsf` s|`l, wbzzlzz zb ìuu`l xf`|l! C|u uml zu|elau bh Lakìzm `f{ b|kmu ub cl ia ab efakls bh zu|ncìak fu uml faf`yziz bh uml ielf {mijm {l fsl l}fniaiak! N|jm ìkmu iz jfzu |wba iu

cy f hijuiba ia b|s b{a zyzuln {ium {mijm f`` `f{ylsz fsl hfniìfs! Lakìzm `f{ylsz j`fzzihyjbswbsfuibaz fz Jbswbsfuibaz fkkslkful fae Jbswbsfuibaz zb`l! F Jbswbsfuiba fkkslkful iz fus|l jbswbsfuiba, c|u f Jbswbsfuiba zb`l iz fa iaeixie|f`, cliak f nlncls bh f zlsilz bh iaeixie|f`z, {mb iz iaxlzule cy f hijuiba {ium uml v|fìuilz bh f Jbswbsfuiba! I alle mfse`yjiul uml Diak bs uml Wfszba bh f Wfsizm fz iazufajlz bh Jbswbsfuibaz zb`l! Uml jfwfjiuy bs bhhijl iz mlsl jbazielsle fwfsu hsbn uml wfsuij|`fs wlszba {mb hsbn uinl ub uinl nfy bjj|wyiu, fae, umiz jfwfjiuy cliak wlswlu|f`, uml zlsilz bh iaeixie|f`z {mb hi`` iu fsl j`bumle {ium uml`lfeiak fuusic|ul bh Jbswbsfuibaz―Wlswlu|iuy Ab{ ia uml bèls umlbsy bh Sbnfa @f{ umliaeixie|f` cbsl ub uml hfni`y wsljizl`y uml zfnl sl`fuiba {mijm ia uml sfuibaf`l bh Lakìzm

o|sizws|elajl f Jbswbsfuiba zb`l clfsz ub f Jbswbsfuiba fkkslkful! Uml elsixfuiba faefzzbjifuiba bh ielfz fsl l}fju`y uml zfnl! Ia hfju, ih {l zfy ub b|szl`xlz umfu hbs w|swbzlz bh Sbnfa Ulzufnlaufsy O|sizws|elajl lfjm iaeixie|f` jiuila {fz f Jbswbsfuiba zb`l, {l zmf`àbu ba`y slfìl uml h|`` jbajlwuiba bh fa iamlsiufajl, c|u mfxl jbazufau`y fu jbnnfae umlj`|l ub uml fzz|nwuiba ia {mijm iu bsikiafule! Iu iz fa f}ibn {ium |z umfu uml Diak alxls eilz, cliak f Jbswbsfuiba zb`l! Miz jfwfjiuilz fsl iazufau`y hi``le cy miz z|jjlzzbs, fae umljbauia|iuy bh ebniaiba iz abu ellnle ub mfxl clla iaulss|wule! [ium uml Sbnfaz iu zllnlefa lv|f``y zinw`l fae afu|sf` wsbjlzz, ub lìniaful uml hfju bh elfum hsbn uml elxb`|uiba bh sikmuz fae bcìkfuibaz! Uml ulzufubs ìxle ba ia miz mlis bs ia uml ksb|w bh miz jb.mlisz! Ml {fzia `f{ uml zfnl wlszba {ium umln, fae ih fay bal ia miz ulzufnlaufsy eizwbziuibaz mfe lxla

jbazus|juixl`y xib`fule uml wsiajiw`l {mijm |aiule miz fju|f` fae miz wbzum|nb|z l}izulajl,uml `f{ sloljule uml elhljuixl iazus|nlau, fae kfxl uml iamlsiufajl ub uml diaesle ia c`bbe,{mbzl jfwfjiuy ub h|`hi` uml jbaeiuibaz bh mliszmiw {fz jbahlssle ba umln cy uml `f{ iuzl`h,fae abu cy fay ebj|nlau {mijm cy wbzziciìuy nikmu cl lssbalb|z`y hsfnle!



=3

[mla f Sbnfa jiuila eile iaulzuful bs `lfxiak ab xfìe [i``, miz elzjlaefauz bs diaesle cljfnl miz mlisz fjjbseiak ub f zjf`l {mijm {i`` cl wslzlau`y elzjsicle! Uml wlszbabs j`fzz bh wlszbaz {mb z|jjllele eie abu zinw`y slwslzlau uml eljlfzle, c|u, ia jbahbsniuy{ium uml umlbsy o|zu elìalfule, umly jbauia|le miz jixi` ìhl, miz `lkf` l}izulajl! Uml zfnlslz|ùz hb``b{le {mla uml bsels bh z|jjlzziba {fz elulsniale cy f [i``, c|u uml umlbsy bh uml ielauiuy clu{lla uml elfe nfa fae miz mlisz {fz jlsufia`y n|jm bèls umfa fay hbsn bh Ulzufnlau bs wmfzl bh Ulzufnlaufsy o|sizws|elajl! Umiz iaelle iz uml wsbwls nbnlau hbs z|kklzuiak f eb|cu {mijm {i`` wslzz ba |z {ium kslfuls hbsjl uml h|sumls {l w`|nc uml elwumz

bh umiz z|colju―{mlumls {i``z {b|è lxls mfxl jbnl iaub cliak fu f`` ih iu mfe abu clla hbs umlzl slnfsdfc`l ielfz jbaaljule {ium |aixlszf` z|jjlzziba! Ulzufnlaufsy `f{ iz umlfwwìjfuiba bh f wsiajiw`l {mijm nfy cl l}w`fiale ba f xfsiluy bh wmi`bzbwmijf` mywbumlzlzfz w`f|zic`l fz umly fsl ksfu|iub|z4 iu iz iauls{bxla {ium lxlsy wfsu bh nbelsa zbjiluy, fae iuiz elhlazic`l ba uml csbfelzu ksb|aez bh klalsf` l}wleilajy! C|u uml {fsaiak jfa alxls clubb bhula slwlfule, umfu uml ksfae zb|sjl bh nizufdl ia v|lzuibaz bh o|sizws|elajl iz umlinwslzziba umfu umbzl slfzbaz {mijm fju|ful |z fu uml wslzlau nbnlau, ia uml nfiaulafajl bh fa l}izuiak iazuiu|uiba, mfxl aljlzzfsi`y fayumiak ia jbnnba {ium uml zlauinlau ia {mijm umliazuiu|uiba bsikiafule! Iu iz jlsufia umfu, ia uml bè Sbnfa @f{ bh Iamlsiufajl, uml abuiba bh f{i`` bs ulzufnlau iz ial}usijfc`y ni}le |w, I nikmu f`nbzu zfy jbahb|aele, {ium uml umlbsy bh

f nfa’z wbzum|nb|z l}izulajl ia uml wlszba bh miz mlis!

Uml jbajlwuiba bh f |aixlszf` z|jjlzziba, hisn`y fz iu mfz ufdla sbbu ia o|sizws|elajl,mfz abu bjj|ssle zwbaufalb|z`y ub uml hsfnlsz bh lxlsy cbey bh `f{z! [mlslxls iu iz ab{hb|ae, iu nfy cl zmb{a ub mfxl elzjlaele hsbn Sbnfa `f{4 fae {ium iu mfxl jbnl eb{a fmbzu bh `lkf` s|`lz ba uml z|colju bh Ulzufnlauz fae Ulzufnlaufsy kihuz, {mijm nbelsa wsfjuiuibalsz fww`y {iumb|u eizjlsaiak umlis sl`fuiba ub uml wfslau umlbsy! C|u, ia uml w|slSbnfa o|sizws|elajl, uml wsiajiw`l umfu f nfa ìxlz ba ia miz Mlis―uml lìniafuiba, ih {lnfy zb zwlfd, bh uml hfju bh elfum―iz ubb bcxib|z`y hbs nizufdl uml jlausl sb|ae {mijm uml

{mb`l @f{ bh Ulzufnlaufsy fae Iaulzuful z|jjlzziba iz jisjìak! Uml |ahìajmiak zulsaalzz bh uml Sbnfa `f{ ia lahbsjiak jbnwìfajl {ium uml kbxlsaiak umlbsy {b|è ia iuzl`h z|kklzuumfu uml umlbsy ksl{ b|u bh zbnlumiak ia uml wsiniuixl jbazuiu|uiba bh Sbnfa zbjiluy4 c|u {lnfy w|zm uml wsbbh f kbbe {fy clybae uml wslz|nwuiba! Iu mfwwlaz umfu zlxlsf` uljmaijf`l}wslzzibaz, efuiak hsbn uml lfsìlzu iazuiu|uibaz bh [i``z fu Sbnl, mfxl clla fjjielauf``y wslzlsxle ub |z! [l mfxl ia Kfi|z uml hbsn|`f bh iaxlzuiu|sl cy {mijm uml |aixlszf`z|jjlzzbs {fz jslfule! [l mfxl uml fajilau afnl cy {mijm uml wlszba fhuls{fsez jf``leMlis {fz fu hiszu elzikafule! [l mfxl h|sumls uml ul}u bh uml jl`lcsfule j`f|zl ia uml U{l`xlUfc`lz cy {mijm uml Ulzufnlaufsy wb{ls {fz l}wslzz`y sljbkaizle, fae uml j`f|zlzslk|`fuiak Iaulzuful Z|jjlzziba mfxl f`zb clla wslzlsxle! F`` umlzl fsjmfij wmsfzlz mfxl bal

zfìlau wlj|ìfsiuy! Umly iaeijful umfu {mfu wfzzle hsbn uml Ulzufubs ub uml Mlis {fz umlHfni`y, umfu iz uml fkkslkful bh sikmuz fae e|uilz jbaufiale ia uml Wfusif Wbulzufz faeksb{iak b|u bh iu! Uml nfulsif` wsbwlsuy iz ia umsll iazufajlz abu nlauibale fu f``4 ia u{bbumlsz, iu iz xizic`y afnle fz fa feo|aju bs fwwlaefkl bh uml Hfni`y! Uml bsikiaf` [i`` bs Ulzufnlau {fz umlslhbsl fa iazus|nlau, bs -hbs iu {fz wsbcfc`y abu fu hiszu ia {siuiak) f wsbjlleiak cy {mijm uml elxb`|uiba bh uml Hfni`y {fz slk|`fule! Iu {fz f nbel bh elj`fsiak



=:

{mb {fz ub mfxl uml jmilhufiazmiw, ia z|jjlzziba ub uml Ulzufubs! [mla [i``z fsl |aelszubbeub mfxl umiz hbs umlis bsikiaf` bcolju, {l zll fu bajl mb{ iu iz umfu umly jfnl ub cl jbaaljule{ium bal bh uml nbzu j|sib|z slìjz bh fajilau slìkiba fae `f{, uml zfjsf, bs Hfni`y Siulz!Umlzl zfjsf {lsl uml Sbnfa hbsn bh fa iazuiu|uiba {mijm zmb{z iuzl`h {mlslxls zbjiluy mfzabu {mb``y zmfdla iuzl`h hsll hsbn iuz wsiniuixl j`bumiak! Umly fsl uml zfjsihijlz faejlslnbailz cy {mijm uml csbumlsmbbe bh uml hfni`y iz jbnnlnbsfule, uml w`lekl fae uml{iualzz bh iuz wlswlu|iuy! [mfulxls cl umlis afu|sl,―{mlumls iu cl us|l bs abu umfu ia f`` jfzlzumly fsl uml {bszmiw bh zbnl nyumijf` fajlzubs,―umly fsl lxlsy{mlsl lnw`byle ub fuulzu

uml zfjslealzz bh uml hfni`y sl`fuiba4 fae umlslhbsl umly fjv|isl wsbnialau zikaihijfajl faeinwbsufajl, {mlalxls uml jbauia|b|z l}izulajl bh uml Hfni`y iz laefaklsle cy f jmfakl iauml wlszba bh iuz jmilh! Fjjbseiak`y, {l mlfs nbzu fcb|u umln ia jbaaljuiba {ium elnizlz bh ebnlzuij zbxlslikauy! Fnbak uml Miaebbz, uml sikmu ub iamlsiu f elfe nfa’z wsbwlsuy izl}fju`y jb.l}ulazixl {ium uml e|uy bh wlshbsniak miz bczlv|ilz! Ih uml siulz fsl abu wsbwls`y wlshbsnle bs abu wlshbsnle cy uml wsbwls wlszba, ab sl`fuiba iz jbazielsle fz lzufcìzmle clu{lla uml eljlfzle fae faycbey z|sxixiak min4 uml @f{ bh Z|jjlzziba eblz abu fww`y,fae abcbey jfa iamlsiu uml wsbwlsuy! Lxlsy kslfu lxlau ia uml ìhl bh f Miaebb zllnz ub clslkfsele fz `lfeiak |w ub fae clfsiak |wba umlzl zb`lnaiuilz! Ih ml nfssilz, iu iz ub mfxljmièsla {mb nfy jl`lcsful umln fhuls miz elfum4 ih ml mfz ab jmièsla, ml ìlz |aels uml

zusbaklzu bcìkfuiba ub febwu umln hsbn fabumls hfni`y, ‐{ium f xil{,„ {siulz uml Miaebbebjubs, ‐ub uml h|alsf` jfdl, uml {fuls, fae uml zb`lna zfjsihijl!„ Uml zwmlsl wslzlsxle ubuml Sbnfa zfjsf ia uml uinl bh Jijlsb, {fz abu `lzz ia l}ulau! Iu lncsfjle Iamlsiufajlz faeFebwuibaz! Ab Febwuiba {fz f``b{le ub ufdl w`fjl {iumb|u e|l wsbxiziba hbs uml zfjsf bh umlhfni`y hsbn {mijm uml febwuixl zba {fz usfazhlssle, fae ab Ulzufnlau {fz f``b{le ubeizusic|ul fa Iamlsiufajl {iumb|u f zusiju fwwbsuibanlau bh uml l}wlazlz bh umlzl jlslnbailzfnbak uml eihhlslau jb.mlisz! Uml eihhlslajlz clu{lla uml Sbnfa `f{ fu umiz lwbjm, {mla{l bcufia b|s `fzu kìnwzl bh uml zfjsf, fae uml l}izuiak Miaebb zyzuln, fsl nbzu iazus|juixl!Fnbak uml Miaebbz, uml slìkib|z l`lnlau ia `f{ mfz fjv|isle f jbnw`lul wslebniafajl!

Hfni`y zfjsihijlz mfxl cljbnl uml dlyzubal bh f`` uml @f{ bh Wlszbaz fae n|jm bh uml @f{bh Umiakz! Umly mfxl lxla sljlixle f nbazusb|z l}ulaziba, hbs iu iz f w`f|zic`l bwiaiba umfuuml zl`h.innb`fuiba bh uml {ieb{ fu mls m|zcfae’z h|alsf`, f wsfjuijl jbauia|le ub mizubsijfùinlz cy uml Miaebbz, fae jbnnlnbsfule ia uml usfeiuibaz bh zlxlsf` Iaeb.L|sbwlfa sfjlz,{fz fa feeiuiba ksfhule ba uml wsiniuixl zfjsf |aels uml iah`|lajl bh uml inwslzziba, {mijmf`{fyz fjjbnwfailz uml ielf bh zfjsihijl, umfu m|nfa c`bbe iz uml nbzu wsljib|z bh f``bc`fuibaz! [ium uml Sbnfaz, ba uml jbausfsy, uml `lkf` bcìkfuiba fae uml slìkib|z e|uy mfxljlfzle ub cl c`laele! Uml aljlzziuy bh zb`lnaiziak uml zfjsf hbsnz ab wfsu bh uml umlbsy bh jixi` `f{, c|u umly fsl |aels uml zlwfsful o|sizeijuiba bh uml Jb``lkl bh Wbauihhz! Uml `luulsz bh Jijlsb ub Fuuij|z, {mijm fsl h|`` bh f``|zibaz ub umln, `lfxl ab eb|cu umfu umly jbazuiu|ule fa

iaub`lsfc`l c|sela ba Iamlsiufajlz4 c|u uml wbiau bh elxl`bwnlau fu {mijm `f{ cslfdz f{fyhsbn slìkiba mfz clla wfzzle, fae {l fsl wslwfsle hbs umlis lauisl eizfwwlfsfajl hsbn uml`fuls o|sizws|elajl!

Ia Miaebb `f{ umlsl iz ab z|jm umiak fz f us|l [i``! Uml w`fjl hi``le cy [i``z izbjj|wile cy Febwuibaz! [l jfa ab{ zll uml sl`fuiba bh uml Ulzufnlaufsy Wb{ls ub uml



=5

Hfj|ùy bh Febwuiba, fae uml slfzba {my uml l}lsjizl bh liumls bh umln jb|è jf`` |w f wlj|ìfs zbìjiu|el hbs uml wlshbsnfajl bh uml zfjsf! Cbum f [i`` fae fa Febwuiba umslfula feizubsuiba bh uml bseiafsy jb|szl bh Hfni`y elzjlau, c|u umly fsl bcxib|z`y jbausixfajlz hbs wslxlauiak uml elzjlau cliak {mb``y iaulss|wule {mla umlsl iz ab z|jjlzziba bh diaesle ubjfssy iu ba! Bh uml u{b l}wleilauz Febwuiba, uml hfjuiuib|z jslfuiba bh c`bbe.sl`fuibazmiw, izuml ba`y bal {mijm mfz z|kklzule iuzl`h ub uml kslfuls wfsu bh fsjmfij zbjiluilz! Uml Miaebbzmfxl iaelle fexfajle bal wbiau ba {mfu {fz eb|cu`lzz uml fauiv|l wsfjuijl, cy f``b{iak uml{ieb{ ub febwu {mla uml hfumls mfz alk`ljule ub eb zb, fae umlsl fsl ia uml `bjf` j|zubnz bh

Clakf` zbnl hfiau usfjlz bh uml Ulzufnlaufsy wb{lsz! C|u ub uml Sbnfaz cl`bakz wsllnialau`y uml jsleiu bh iaxlauiak uml [i``, uml iazuiu|uiba {mijm, al}u ub uml Jbausfju, mfzl}lsjizle uml kslfulzu iah`|lajl ia usfazhbsniak m|nfa zbjiluy! [l n|zu cl jfslh|` abu ubfuusic|ul ub iu ia iuz lfsìlzu zmfwl uml h|ajuibaz {mijm mfxl fuulaele iu ia nbsl sljlau uinlz!Iu {fz fu hiszu abu f nbel bh eizusic|uiak f elfe nfa’z kbbez, c|u bal fnbak zlxlsf` {fyz bh usfazhlssiak uml slwslzlaufuiba bh uml mb|zlmbè ub f al{ jmilh! Uml kbbez elzjlae ab eb|cuub uml Mlis, c|u umfu iz ba`y cljf|zl uml kbxlsanlau bh uml hfni`y jfssilz {ium iu ia iuzelxb`|uiba uml wb{ls bh eizwbziak bh uml jbnnba zubjd! [l fsl xlsy hfs fz ylu hsbn umfuzufkl ia uml mizubsy bh [i``z, ia {mijm umly cljbnl wb{lsh|` iazus|nlauz ia nbeihyiakzbjiluy umsb|km uml zuin|`|z umly kixl ub uml jisj|`fuiba bh wsbwlsuy fae uml w`fzuijiuy umly

wsbe|jl ia wsbwsilufsy sikmuz! Ab z|jm jbazlv|lajlz fz umlzl fwwlfs ia hfju ub mfxl cllafzzbjifule {ium uml Ulzufnlaufsy wb{ls lxla cy uml `fulzu Sbnfa `f{ylsz! Iu {i`` cl hb|aeumfu [i``z {lsl alxls `bbdle |wba ia uml Sbnfa jbnn|aiuy fz f jbausixfajl hbs wfsuiakWsbwlsuy fae uml Hfni`y, bs hbs jslfuiak f xfsiluy bh nizjl``falb|z iaulslzuz, c|u sfumls fz fnlfaz bh nfdiak f cluuls wsbxiziba hbs uml nlnclsz bh f mb|zlmbè umfa jb|è cl zlj|sleumsb|km uml s|`lz bh Iaulzuful z|jjlzziba! [l nfy z|zwlju iaelle umfu uml fzzbjifuibaz bh fSbnfa {ium uml wsfjuijl bh {i``.nfdiak {lsl l}uslnl`y eihhlslau hsbn umbzl hfniìfs ub |zab{fefyz! Uml mfciu bh slkfseiak Febwuiba fae Ulzufuiba fz nbelz bh jbauia|iak uml Hfni`yjfaabu c|u mfxl mfe zbnlumiak ub eb {ium uml ziak|`fs `f}iuy bh Sbnfa abuibaz fz ub uml

iamlsiufajl bh zbxlslikauy! Iu iz inwbzzic`l abu ub zll umfu uml z|jjlzziba bh uml lfs`y SbnfaLnwlsbsz ub lfjm bumls {fz jbazielsle slfzbafc`y slk|`fs, fae umfu, ia zwiul bh f`` umfu mfebjj|ssle, ab fcz|seiuy fuufjmle ub uml wslulaziba bh z|jm Wsiajlz fz Umlbebzi|z bs O|zuiaifaub zuy`l umlnzl`xlz Jèzfs fae F|k|zu|z!

[mla uml wmlabnlaf bh wsiniuixl zbjiluilz lnlskl iaub ìkmu, iu zllnz inwbzzic`l ubeizw|ul f wsbwbziuiba {mijm uml o|sizuz bh uml zlxlaullaum jlau|sy jbazielsle eb|cuh|`, umfuIaulzuful Iamlsiufajl iz f nbsl fajilau iazuiu|uiba umfa Ulzufnlaufsy Z|jjlzziba! Fz zbba fzumiz iz zluu`le, f v|lzuiba bh n|jm iaulslzu z|kklzuz iuzl`h, mb{ fae |aels {mfu jbaeiuibaz{lsl uml eisljuibaz bh f {i`` hiszu f``b{le ub slk|`ful uml elxb`|uiba bh f|umbsiuy bxls uml

mb|zlmbè, fae jbazlv|lau`y uml wbzum|nb|z eizusic|uiba bh wsbwlsuy! Uml eihhij|ùy bh eljieiak uml wbiau fsizlz hsbn uml sfsiuy bh Ulzufnlaufsy wb{ls ia fsjmfij jbnn|aiuilz! Iu izeb|cuh|` {mlumls f us|l wb{ls bh ulzufuiba {fz dab{a ub fay bsikiaf` zbjiluy l}jlwu umlSbnfa! S|einlaufsy hbsnz bh iu bjj|s mlsl fae umlsl, c|u nbzu bh umln fsl abu l}lnwu hsbnuml z|zwijiba bh f Sbnfa bsikia! Uml Fumlaifa [i`` {fz, ab eb|cu, iaeiklab|z, c|u umla, fz{i`` fwwlfs wslzlau`y, iu {fz ba`y fa iajmbful Ulzufnlau! Fz ub uml [i``z {mijm fsl



=<

zfajuibale cy uml cbeilz bh `f{ {mijm mfxl elzjlaele ub |z fz uml jbelz bh uml cfscfsifajbav|lsbsz bh inwlsif` Sbnl, umly fsl f`nbzu jlsufia`y Sbnfa! Uml nbzu wlalusfuiakKlsnfa jsiuijizn mfz sljlau`y clla eisljule ub umlzl `lklz Cfscfsbs|n, uml kslfu bcolju bh iaxlzuikfuiba cliak ub elufjm umbzl wbsuibaz bh lfjm zyzuln {mijm hbsnle uml j|zubnz bh umlusicl ia iuz bsikiaf` mbnl hsbn uml fexlauiuib|z iaksleilauz {mijm {lsl cbssb{le hsbn uml`f{z bh uml Sbnfaz! Ia uml jb|szl bh umiz wsbjlzz, bal slz|ù mfz iaxfsifc`y eizj`bzle iuzl`h,umfu uml fajilau a|j`l|z bh uml jbel jbaufiaz ab usfjl bh f [i``! [mfulxls ulzufnlaufsy `f{l}izuz, mfz clla ufdla hsbn Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl! Zini`fs`y, uml s|einlaufsy Ulzufnlau

{mijm -fz I fn iahbsnle) uml Sfcciaijf` Ol{izm `f{ wsbxielz hbs, mfz clla fuusic|ule ubjbaufju {ium uml Sbnfaz! Uml ba`y hbsn bh ulzufnlau, abu cl`bakiak ub f Sbnfa bs Ml``laijzbjiluy, {mijm jfa slfzbafc`y cl z|wwbzle iaeiklab|z, iz umfu sljbkaizle cy uml |zfklz bh uml wsbxiajl bh Clakf`4 fae uml ulzufnlau bh Clakf`, {mijm zbnl mfxl lxla z|wwbzle ub clfa iaxlauiba bh Fak`b.Iaeifa `f{ylsz, iz fu nbzu ba`y f s|einlaufsy [i``!

Uml lxielajl, mb{lxls, z|jm fz iu iz, zllnz ub wbiau ub uml jbaj`|ziba umfu Ulzufnlauzfsl fu hiszu ba`y f``b{le ub ufdl lhhlju ba hfi`|sl bh uml wlszbaz lauiu`le ub mfxl umliamlsiufajl cy sikmu bh c`bbe kla|ial bs hijuiuib|z! Um|z, {mla Fumlaifa jiuilaz {lsllnwb{lsle hbs uml hiszu uinl cy uml @f{z bh Zb`ba ub l}lj|ul Ulzufnlauz, umly {lsl

hbscieela ub eiziamlsiu umlis eislju nf`l elzjlaefauz! Zb, ubb, uml [i`` bh Clakf` iz ba`y wlsniuule ub kbxlsa uml z|jjlzziba zb hfs fz iu iz jbazizulau {ium jlsufia bxlssieiak j`finz bh uml hfni`y! Fkfia, uml bsikiaf` iazuiu|uibaz bh uml Ol{z mfxiak wsbxiele ab{mlsl hbs uml wsixi`lklz bh Ulzufubszmiw, uml `fuls Sfcciaijf` o|sizws|elajl, {mijm wslulaez ub z|w`y umljfz|z bnizzi bh uml Nbzfij `f{, f``b{z uml wb{ls bh Ulzufuiba ub fuufjm {mla f`` uml diaeslelauiu`le |aels uml Nbzfij zyzuln ub z|jjlle mfxl hfi`le bs fsl |aeizjbxlsfc`l! Umlìniufuibaz cy {mijm uml fajilau Klsnfa jbelz mlekl ia uml ulzufnlaufsy o|sizws|elajl{mijm mfz clla iajbswbsfule {ium umln fsl f`zb zikaihijfau, fae wbiau ia uml zfnl eisljuiba!Iu iz uml wlj|ìfsiuy bh nbzu bh umlzl Klsnfa `f{z, ia uml ba`y zmfwl ia {mijm {l dab{ umln,

umfu, clzielz uml f``be bs ebnfia bh lfjm mb|zlmbè, umly sljbkaizl zlxlsf` z|cbseiaful diaezbs bselsz bh wsbwlsuy, lfjm bh {mijm wsbcfc`y slwslzlauz f zlwfsful usfazh|ziba bh Sbnfa wsiajiw`lz iaub uml wsiniuixl cbey bh Ul|ubaij |zfkl! Uml wsiniuixl Klsnfa bs f``beif` wsbwlsuy iz zusiju`y slzlsxle ub uml diaesle! Abu ba`y iz iu iajfwfc`l bh cliak eizwbzle bh cyulzufnlau, c|u iu iz zjfsjl`y jfwfc`l bh cliak fìlafule cy jbaxlyfajl iauls xixbz! Umlfajilau Klsnfa `f{, ìdl uml Miaebb o|sizws|elajl, nfdlz uml nf`l jmièsla jb.wsbwsilubsz{ium umlis hfumls, fae uml laeb{nlau bh uml hfni`y jfaabu cl wfsule {ium l}jlwu cy umljbazlau bh f`` iuz nlnclsz! C|u uml bumls zbsuz bh wsbwlsuy, bh nbsl nbelsa bsikia fae `b{ls eikaiuy umfa uml f``beif` wbzzlzzibaz, fsl n|jm nbsl lfzi`y fìlafule umfa umly, fae hb``b{n|jm nbsl `lailau s|`lz bh elxb`|uiba! [bnla fae uml elzjlaefauz bh {bnla z|jjlle ub

umln, bcxib|z`y ba uml wsiajiw`l umfu umly ìl b|uziel uml zfjsle wsljiaju bh uml Fkafuij csbumlsmbbe! Ab{, iu iz ba umlzl `fzu elzjsiwuibaz bh wsbwlsuy, fae ba umlzl ba`y, umfu umlUlzufnlauz cbssb{le hsbn Sbnl {lsl fu hiszu f``b{le ub bwlsful!

Umlzl hl{ iaeijfuibaz nfy zlsxl ub `lae feeiuibaf` w`f|ziciìuy ub umfu {mijm ia iuzl`h fwwlfsz ub cl uml nbzu wsbcfc`l l}w`fafuiba bh fa fzjlsufiale hfju ia uml lfs`y mizubsy bh



=8

Sbnfa {i``z! [l mfxl iu zufule ba fc|aefau f|umbsiuy umfu Ulzufnlauz e|siak uml wsiniuixl wlsibe bh uml Sbnfa Zuful {lsl l}lj|ule ia uml Jbniuif Jf`fuf, umfu iz, ia uml JbniuifJ|sifuf, bs Wfsìfnlau bh uml Wfusijifa C|skmlsz bh Sbnl, {mla fzzlnc`le hbs WsixfulC|zialzz! Umiz nbel bh l}lj|uiba mfz clla uml zb|sjl bh uml fzzlsuiba, mfaele eb{a cy balklalsfuiba bh jixiìfaz ub fabumls, umfu lxlsy [i`` fu bal lsf bh Sbnfa mizubsy {fz f zb`lna`lkiz`fuixl lafjunlau! C|u umlsl iz ab aljlzziuy {mfulxls hbs slzbsuiak ub fa l}w`fafuiba{mijm mfz uml elhlju bh fuusic|uiak hfs ubb n|jm wsljiziba ub uml wsbjlleiakz bh uml fajilaufzzlnc`y! Uml wsbwls dly ub uml zubsy jbajlsaiak uml l}lj|uiba bh [i``z ia uml Jbniuif

Jf`fuf n|zu ab eb|cu cl zb|kmu ia uml bèlzu Sbnfa @f{ bh iaulzuful z|jjlzziba! Uml jfabazbh wsiniuixl Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl slk|`fuiak uml iamlsiufajl bh sl`fuibaz hsbn lfjm bumls {lsl, zb `bak fz umly slnfiale |anbeihile cy uml Leijuf` @f{ bh uml Wsèubs, ub umlhb``b{iak lhhlju?―Hiszu, uml z|i bs eislju elzjlaefauz {mb mfe alxls clla lnfajiwfulez|jjllele! Ba uml hfi`|sl bh uml z|i, uml Alfslzu Fkaful jfnl iaub umlis w`fjl, umfu iz, umlalfslzu wlszba bs j`fzz bh uml diaesle {mb {fz bs nikmu mfxl clla |aels uml zfnl WfusifWbulzufz {ium uml eljlfzle! Uml umise fae `fzu elksll jfnl al}u, ia {mijm uml iamlsiufajlelxb`xle ba uml klaui`lz, umfu iz, ba uml jb``ljuixl nlnclsz bh uml elfe nfa’z klaz bs Mb|zl! Uml Mb|zl, I mfxl l}w`fiale f`slfey, {fz f hijuiuib|z l}ulaziba bh uml hfni`y,jbazizuiak bh f`` Sbnfa Wfusijifa jiuilaz {mb cbsl uml zfnl afnl, fae {mb ba uml ksb|ae

bh clfsiak uml zfnl afnl, {lsl z|wwbzle ub cl elzjlaele hsbn f jbnnba fajlzubs! Ab{uml Wfusijifa Fzzlnc`y jf``le uml Jbniuif J|sifuf {fz f @lkiz`fu|sl ia {mijm Klaulz bs Mb|zlz {lsl l}j`|zixl`y slwslzlaule! Iu {fz f slwslzlaufuixl fzzlnc`y bh uml Sbnfa wlbw`l,jbazuiu|ule ba uml fzz|nwuiba umfu uml jbazuiu|lau |aiu bh uml zuful {fz uml Klaz! Umiz cliakzb, uml iahlslajl zllnz ialxiufc`l, umfu uml jbkaizfajl bh [i``z cy uml Jbniuif {fzjbaaljule {ium uml sikmuz bh uml Klaui`lz, fae {fz iaulaele ub zlj|sl umln ia umlis wsixi`lklbh |ùinful iamlsiufajl! Uml {mb`l fwwfslau fabnf`y iz slnbxle, ih {l z|wwbzl umfu fUlzufnlau jb|è ba`y cl nfel {mla uml ulzufubs mfe ab klaui`lz eizjbxlsfc`l, bs {mla umly{fixle umlis j`finz, fae umfu lxlsy Ulzufnlau {fz z|cniuule ub uml Klalsf` Fzzlnc`y bh uml

Sbnfa Klaulz, ia bsels umfu umbzl fkksilxle cy iuz eizwbziuibaz nikmu w|u umlis xlub |wba iuih umly w`lfzle, bs cy f``b{iak iu ub wfzz nikmu cl wslz|nle ub mfxl slab|ajle umlis slxlsziba! Iu iz wbzzic`l umfu ba uml lxl bh uml w|cìjfuiba bh uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz umiz xlubiak wb{ls nfy mfxl clla kslfu`y j|sufi`le bs ba`y bjjfzibaf``y fae jfwsijib|z`y l}lsjizle! Iu izn|jm lfzils, mb{lxls ub iaeijful uml nlfaiak fae bsikia bh uml o|sizeijuiba jbahiele ub umlJbniuif Jf`fuf, umfa ub usfjl iuz ksfe|f` elxl`bwnlau bs wsbkslzzixl eljfy!

Uml Ulzufnlau ub {mijm uml wleiksll bh f`` nbelsa [i``z nfy cl usfjle iz abu,mb{lxls, uml Ulzufnlau l}lj|ule ia uml Jf`fuf Jbniuif, c|u fabumls Ulzufnlau elzikale ubjbnwlul {ium iu fae elzuiale ub z|wlszlel iu! Uml mizubsijf` inwbsufajl bh umiz lfs`y Sbnfa

[i``, fae uml ìkmu iu jfzuz ba n|jm bh fajilau umb|kmu, {i`` l}j|zl nl hbs elzjsiciak iu fuzbnl `lakum!

[mla uml Ulzufnlaufsy wb{ls hiszu eizj`bzlz iuzl`h ub |z ia `lkf` mizubsy, umlsl fslzikaz umfu, ìdl f`nbzu f`` uml kslfu Sbnfa iazuiu|uibaz, iu {fz uml z|colju bh jbaulauiba clu{lla uml Wfusijifaz fae uml W`lclifaz! Uml lhhlju bh uml wbìuijf` nf}in, W`lcz Klauln



=;

aba mfclu, ‐f W`lclifa jfaabu cl f nlncls bh f mb|zl,„ {fz lauisl`y ub l}j`|el umlW`lclifaz hsbn uml Jbniuif J|sifuf! Zbnl jsiuijz mfxl fjjbseiak`y z|wwbzle umfu f W`lclifajb|è abu mfxl miz [i`` slfe bs sljiule ub uml Wfusijifa Fzzlnc`y, fae {fz um|z elwsixle bh Ulzufnlaufsy wsixi`lklz fùbklumls! Bumlsz mfxl clla zfuizhile ub wbiau b|u uml mfsezmiwz bh mfxiak ub z|cniu f wsbwbzle [i`` ub uml |ahsilae`y o|sizeijuiba bh fa fzzlnc`y ia {mijm umlUlzufubs {fz abu slwslzlaule! [mfulxls cl uml us|l xil{, f hbsn bh Ulzufnlau jfnl iaub |zl,{mijm mfz f`` uml jmfsfjulsizuijz bh f jbausixfajl iaulaele ub lxfel zbnl eizufzulh|`bcìkfuiba! Uml [i`` ia v|lzuiba {fz f jbaxlyfajl iauls xixbz, f jbnw`lul fae isslxbjfc`l

fìlafuiba bh uml Ulzufubs’z hfni`y fae z|czufajl ub uml wlszba {mbn ml nlfau ub cl miz mlis!Uml zusiju s|`lz bh Sbnfa `f{ n|zu f`{fyz mfxl wlsniuule z|jm fa fìlafuiba, c|u {mla umlusfazfjuiba {fz iaulaele ub mfxl f wbzum|nb|z lhhlju, umlsl nfy mfxl clla eizw|ulz {mlumls iu {fz xfìe hbs Ulzufnlaufsy w|swbzlz {iumb|u uml hbsnf` fzzlau bh uml Wfusijifa Wfsìfnlau!Ih f eihhlslajl bh bwiaiba l}izule ba uml wbiau clu{lla uml u{b j`fzzlz bh uml Sbnfa wbw|`fuiba, iu {fz l}uiak|izmle, {ium nfay bumls zb|sjlz bh mlfsuc|saiak, cy uml kslfuEljlnxisf` jbnwsbnizl! Uml ul}u bh uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz iz zui`` l}ufau {mijm zfyz, ‐Wfuls hfniìfz |ui el wlj|aiã u|ul`ãxl sli z|Ś `lkãzziu, iuf o|z lzub„―f `f{ {mijm jfa mfse`y mfxlmfe fay bumls bcolju umfa uml `lkfìzfuiba bh uml W`lclifa [i``!

Iu iz {l`` dab{a ub zjmb`fsz umfu, jlau|silz fhuls uml Wfusijifa Fzzlnc`y mfe jlfzle ub cl uml `lkiz`fu|sl bh uml Sbnfa Zuful, iu zui`` jbauia|le ub mbè hbsnf` ziuuiakz hbs umljbaxlailajl bh wsixful c|zialzz! Jbazlv|lau`y, fu f wlsibe `bak z|czlv|lau ub uml w|cìjfuiba bh uml Eljlnxisf` @f{, umlsl iz slfzba ub clìlxl umfu uml Jbniuif Jf`fuf zui``fzzlnc`le hbs uml xfìefuiba bh Ulzufnlauz! Iuz wsbcfc`l h|ajuibaz nfy cl clzu iaeijfule cyzfyiak umfu iu {fz f Jb|su bh Slkizusfuiba, {ium uml |aelszufaeiak, mb{lxls, umfu uml [i``zl}miciule {lsl abu lasb``le, c|u zinw`y sljiule ub uml nlnclsz, {mb {lsl z|wwbzle ub ufdlabul bh umlis ulabs fae ub jbnniu umln ub nlnbsy! Iu iz xlsy ìdl`y umfu umiz hbsn bh Ulzufnlau {fz alxls sle|jle ub {siuiak fu f``, c|u fu f`` lxlauz ih uml [i`` mfe clla

bsikiaf``y {siuula, uml bhhijl bh uml Jbniuif {fz jlsufia`y jbahiale ub mlfsiak iu slfe f`b|e,uml ebj|nlau cliak slufiale fhuls{fsez ia uml j|zubey bh uml Ulzufubs, bs elwbziule |aels umlzfhlk|fse bh zbnl slìkib|z jbswbsfuiba! Umiz w|cìjiuy nfy mfxl clla bal bh uml iajielauzbh uml Ulzufnlau l}lj|ule ia uml Jbniuif Jf`fuf {mijm csb|kmu iu iaub wbw|`fs eizhfxb|s! Iauml lfs`y ylfsz bh uml Lnwisl uml Jbniuif zui`` mlè iuz nlluiakz, c|u umly zlln ub mfxl`fwzle iaub uml nlslzu hbsn, fae hl{ [i``z, bs abal, {lsl wsbcfc`y wslzlaule fu uml wlsibeijf` ziuuiak!

Iu iz uml fajilau W`lclifa [i``―uml fùlsafuixl bh uml Ulzufnlau o|zu elzjsicle― {mijm ia iuz slnbul lhhljuz mfz ellw`y nbeihile uml jixiìzfuiba bh uml nbelsa {bsè! Iu

fjv|isle fu Sbnl f`` uml wbw|`fsiuy {mijm uml Ulzufnlau z|cniuule ub uml Jf`fuf Jbniuiffwwlfsz ub mfxl `bzu! Uml dly ub f`` iuz jmfsfjulsizuijz ìlz ia iuz elzjlau hsbn uml nfajiwi|n,bs fajilau Sbnfa jbaxlyfajl, f wsbjlleiak ub {mijm {l nfy |amlziufuiak`y fzzika uml wfslaufkl bh u{b kslfu iazuiu|uibaz {iumb|u {mijm nbelsa zbjiluy jfa zjfsjl`y cl z|wwbzlejfwfc`l bh mbèiak ubklumls, uml Jbausfju fae uml [i``! Uml nfajiwi|n, bs, fz uml {bse{b|è l}miciu iuzl`h ia `fuls @fuiaiuy, uml Nfajiwfuiba, jfssilz |z cfjd cy iuz iajielauz ub uml



==

iahfajy bh jixi` zbjiluy! Fz iu zwsfak hsbn uinlz `bak faulsibs, ih abu ub uml iaxlauiba, fu f``lxlauz ub uml wbw|`fsizfuiba, bh uml fsu bh {siuiak, klzu|slz, zyncbìjf` fjuz, fae zb`lna wmsfzlz ufdl uml w`fjl bh ebj|nlaufsy hbsnz, fae f `lakumy fae iausijful jlslnbaif` iziaulaele ub jf`` uml fuulauiba bh uml wfsuilz ub uml inwbsufajl bh uml usfazfjuiba, fae ubinwslzz iu ba uml nlnbsy bh uml {iualzzlz! Uml inwlshljuiba, ubb, bh bsf`, fz jbnwfsle {ium{siuula, ulzuinbay aljlzziufulz uml n|ùiwìjfuiba bh uml {iualzzlz fae fzzizufauz clybae{mfu ia `fuls uinlz {b|è cl slfzbafc`l bs iaul`ìkic`l ìniuz!

Uml Sbnfa Nfajiwfuiba slv|isle uml wslzlajl hiszu bh f`` uml wfsuilz, uml xlaebs faexlaell, bs {l zmb|è wlsmfwz sfumls zfy, ih {l fsl ub |zl nbelsa `lkf` `fak|fkl, uml ksfaubs fae ksfaull! Umlsl {lsl f`zb ab `lzz umfa hixl {iualzzlz4 fae fa fabnf`b|z wlszbafkl, uml@icsiwlaz, {mb csb|kmu {ium min f wfis bh zjf`lz ub {likm uml |ajbiale jbwwls nbaly bh fajilau Sbnl! Uml Ulzufnlau {l fsl jbazielsiak―uml Ulzufnlau wls èz lu ìcsfn, ‐{iumuml jbwwls fae uml zjf`lz,„ fz iu `bak jbauia|le ub cl uljmaijf``y jf``le―{fz fa bseiafsyNfajiwfuiba {ium ab jmfakl ia uml hbsn fae mfse`y fay ia {bsez! Uml Ulzufubs {fz umlksfaubs4 uml hixl {iualzzlz fae uml ìcsiwlaz {lsl wslzlau4 fae uml w`fjl bh ksfaull {fz ufdla cy f wlszba dab{a uljmaijf``y fz uml hfniìè lnwubs, uml W|sjmfzls bh uml Hfni`y! Umlbseiafsy jlslnbay bh f Nfajiwfuiba {fz umla wsbjllele {ium! Jlsufia hbsnf` klzu|slz {lsl

nfel fae zlaulajlz wsbab|ajle! Uml Lnwubs hfniìè zin|`fule uml wfynlau bh f wsijl cyzusidiak uml zjf`lz {ium f wiljl bh nbaly, fae hiaf``y uml Ulzufubs sfuihile {mfu mfe cllaebal ia f zlu hbsn bh {bsez jf``le uml ‐A|aj|wfuib„ bs w|cìjfuiba bh uml usfazfjuiba, f wmsfzl {mijm, I alle zjfsjl`y slniae uml `f{yls, mfz mfe f `bak mizubsy ia Ulzufnlaufsy o|sizws|elajl! Iu iz aljlzzfsy ub fuulae wfsuij|`fs`y ub uml jmfsfjuls bh uml wlszba jf``lehfniìè lnwubs! Umlsl iz ab eb|cu umfu fu hiszu ml {fz uml Mlis minzl`h! Uml Ulzufubs jbaxlyle ub min b|usikmu miz {mb`l ‐hfniìf,„ umfu iz, f`` uml sikmuz ml laobyle bxls faeumsb|km uml hfni`y4 miz wsbwlsuy, miz z`fxlz, fae f`` miz fajlzusf` wsixi`lklz, ubklumls, ba umlbumls mfae, {ium f`` miz e|uilz fae bcìkfuibaz!

[ium umlzl efuf clhbsl |z, {l fsl fc`l ub abul zlxlsf` slnfsdfc`l wbiauz ia {mijm umlNfajiwfubsy Ulzufnlau, fz iu nfy cl jf``le, eihhlsle ia iuz wsiniuixl hbsn hsbn f nbelsa{i``! Fz iu fnb|aule ub f jbaxlyfajl b|u.fae.b|u bh uml Ulzufubs’z lzuful, iu {fz abuslxbjfc`l! Umlsl jb|è cl ab al{ l}lsjizl bh f wb{ls {mijm mfe clla l}mf|zule!

Fkfia, iu {fz abu zljslu! Uml Hfniìè Lnwubs, cliak minzl`h uml Mlis, dal{ l}fju`y{mfu miz sikmuz {lsl, fae {fz f{fsl umfu ml {fz isslxlszic`y lauiu`le ub uml iamlsiufajl4 fdab{`lekl {mijm uml xib`lajlz iazlwfsfc`l hsbn uml clzu.bselsle fajilau zbjiluy slaelslel}uslnl`y efaklsb|z! C|u wlsmfwz uml nbzu z|swsiziak jbazlv|lajl bh umiz sl`fuiba bh

Ulzufnlauz ub Jbaxlyfajlz {fz uml innleiful xlzuiak bh uml iamlsiufajl ia uml Mlis! Umizmfz zllnle zb iajsleic`l ub abu f hl{ jixiìfaz, umfu umly mfxl zwbdla bh uml Ulzufubs’z lzufulfz xlzuiak jbaeiuibaf``y ba uml Ulzufubs’z elfum, bs fz ksfaule ub min hsbn f uinl |ajlsufia,i! l! uml elfum bh uml ksfaubs! C|u eb{a ub uml `fulzu wlsibe bh Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl umlsl{lsl f jlsufia j`fzz bh usfazfjuibaz {mijm alxls feniuule bh cliak eislju`y nbeihile cy fjbaeiuiba, bs bh cliak ìniule ub bs hsbn f wbiau bh uinl! Ia uljmaijf` `fak|fkl umly eie abu



=9

feniu jbaeiuib bs eilz! Nfajiwfuiba {fz bal bh umln, fae umlslhbsl, zusfakl fz iu nfy zlln,{l fsl hbsjle ub jbaj`|el umfu uml wsiniuixl Sbnfa [i`` ubbd lhhlju fu bajl, lxla umb|km umlUlzufubs z|sxixle miz fju bh Ulzufuiba! Iu iz iaelle ìdl`y umfu Sbnfa jiuilaz bsikiaf``y nfelumlis [i``z ba`y ia uml fsuij`l bh elfum, fae umfu f wsbxiziba hbs uml jbauia|fajl bh uml Hfni`ylhhljule cy f nfa ia uml h`b{ls bh ìhl {b|è ufdl uml hbsn sfumls bh fa Febwuiba umfa bh f[i``! Zui`` {l n|zu clìlxl umfu, ih uml Ulzufubs eie sljbxls, ml jb|è ba`y jbauia|l ub kbxlsamiz mb|zlmbè cy uml z|hhlsfajl bh miz Mlis!

U{b bs umsll slnfsdz zmb|è cl nfel clhbsl I l}w`fia mb{ umlzl iajbaxlailajlz {lslslnleile, fae mb{ Ulzufnlauz jfnl ub cl iaxlzule {ium uml jmfsfjulsizuijz ab{ |aixlszf``yfzzbjifule {ium umln! Uml Ulzufnlau {fz abu aljlzzfsi`y {siuula? fu hiszu, iu zllnz ub mfxl clla iaxfsifc`y bsf`, fae lxla ia `fuls uinlz, uml iazus|nlau elj`fsfubsy bh uml clv|lzuz {fzba`y iajielauf``y jbaaljule {ium uml [i`` fae hbsnle ab lzzlauif` wfsu bh iu! Iu cbsl ia hfjul}fju`y uml zfnl sl`fuiba ub uml Ulzufnlau, {mijm uml elle `lfeiak uml |zlz cbsl ub uml Hialzfae Sljbxlsilz bh bè Lakìzm `f{, bs {mijm uml jmfsuls bh hlbhhnlau cbsl ub uml hlbhhnlauiuzl`h! Wslxib|z`y, iaelle, ub uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz, ab {siuiak {b|è mfxl clla bh uml zìkmulzu|zl, hbs uml Ulzufubs mfe ab wb{ls bh kixiak `lkfjilz, fae uml ba`y wlszbaz {mb jb|è clfexfaufkle cy f {i`` {lsl uml Mlis bs Jb.Mlisz! C|u uml l}uslnl klalsfìuy bh uml j`f|zl ia

uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz zbba wsbe|jle uml ebjusial umfu uml Mlis n|zu ufdl uml iamlsiufajl c|selale cy fay eisljuibaz {mijm uml Ulzufubs nikmu kixl min, bs ia bumls {bsez, ufdl iuz|colju ub `lkfjilz! [siuula ulzufnlaufsy iazus|nlauz fzz|nle umlsl|wba f al{ xf`|l, fz fzlj|siuy fkfiazu uml hsf|e|`lau slh|zf` bh uml mlis ub zfuizhy uml `lkfullz4 c|u ub uml `fzu iu {fzfu uml Ulzufubs’z w`lfz|sl ub sl`y l}j`|zixl`y ba uml ulzuinbay bh uml {iualzzlz, fae ubelj`fsl cy {bse bh nb|um uml `lkfjilz {mijm uml hfniìè lnwubs {fz jbnnizzibale ub wfy!

Uml ulsnz bh uml l}wslzziba Lnwubs hfniìè elnfae abuijl! ‐Lnwubs„ iaeijfulz umfuuml [i`` {fz ìulsf``y f zf`l, fae uml {bse ‐hfniìè,„ {mla jbnwfsle {ium uml wmsfzlb`bky

ia uml Ulzufnlaufsy j`f|zl ia uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz, `lfez |z ub zbnl iazus|juixl jbaj`|zibaz!‐Hfniìf,„ ia j`fzzijf` @fuiaiuy, nlfaz f`{fyz f nfa’z z`fxlz! Mlsl, mb{lxls, fae klalsf``yia uml `fak|fkl bh fajilau Sbnfa `f{, iu iaj`|elz f`` wlszbaz |aels miz Wbulzufz, fae umlUlzufubs’z nfulsif` wsbwlsuy bs z|czufajl iz |aelszubbe ub wfzz fz fa feo|aju bs fwwlaefkl bh miz mb|zlmbè! U|saiak ub uml `f{ bh uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz, iu {i`` cl zlla umfu iu zwlfdz bh u|ul`fsli z|è ‐uml k|fseifazmiw bh miz z|czufajl,„ f hbsn bh l}wslzziba {mijm iz uml l}fju slxlszlbh uml wmsfzl o|zu l}fniale! Umlsl eblz abu umlslhbsl fwwlfs ub cl fay nbel bh lzjfwiakhsbn uml jbaj`|ziba, umfu lxla fu fa lsf zb jbnwfsfuixl`y sljlau fz umfu bh uml Eljlnxisf`jbnwsbnizl, ulsnz elabuiak ‐mb|zlmbè„ fae ‐wsbwlsuy„ {lsl c`laele ia uml j|sslau wmsfzlb`bky! Ih f nfa’z mb|zlmbè mfe clla zwbdla bh fz miz wsbwlsuy {l nikmu mfxl

l}w`fiale uml l}wslzziba fz wbiauiak ub uml l}ulau bh uml Wfusif Wbulzufz, c|u, fz umliaulsjmfakl iz sljiwsbjf`, {l n|zu f``b{ umfu uml hbsn bh zwlljm jfssilz |z cfjd ub umfu wsinlxf` wlsibe ia {mijm wsbwlsuy iz b{ale cy uml hfni`y, fae uml hfni`y iz kbxlsale cy umljiuila, zb umfu uml nlnclsz bh uml jbnn|aiuy eb abu b{a umlis wsbwlsuy fae umlis hfni`y, c|u sfumls b{a umlis wsbwlsuy umsb|km umlis hfni`y!



97

Fu fa lwbjm abu lfzy ub zluu`l {ium wsljiziba, uml Sbnfa Wsèubsz hl`` iaub uml mfciu bh fjuiak |wba Ulzufnlauz zb`lnaile ia j`bzls jbahbsniuy {ium uml zwisiu umfa uml `luuls bh uml`f{! Jfz|f` eizwlazfuibaz cljfnl iazlazic`y uml lzufcìzmle wsfjuijl ui`` fu `lakum f {mb``yal{ hbsn bh [i`` {fz nfu|sle fae slk|`fs`y laksfhule ba uml Leijuf` O|sizws|elajl! Umlal{ bs Wsèubsifa Ulzufnlau elsixle uml {mb`l bh iuz inwslkafciìuy hsbn uml O|zMbabsfsi|n bs Lv|iuy bh Sbnl! Uml Wsèubs bh zbnl wfsuij|`fs ylfs n|zu mfxl iazlsule fj`f|zl ia miz Iaf|k|sf` Wsbj`fnfuiba elj`fsfubsy bh miz iaulauiba ub z|zufia f`` Ulzufnlauz{mijm zmb|è mfxl clla l}lj|ule {ium z|jm fae z|jm zb`lnaiuilz4 fae, uml slhbsn mfxiak

clla hb|ae fexfaufklb|z, uml fsuij`l sl`fuiak ub iu n|zu mfxl clla fkfia iausbe|jle cy umlWsèubs’z z|jjlzzbs, fae slwlfule cy uml al}u ia bhhijl, ui`` fu `lakum iu hbsnle f sljbkaizle wbsuiba bh umfu cbey bh o|sizws|elajl {mijm hsbn umlzl z|jjlzzixl iajbswbsfuibaz {fz zuy`leuml Wlswlu|f` bs Jbauia|b|z Leiju! Ba l}fniaiak uml jbaeiuibaz bh f xfìe Wsèubsifa [i`ùmly {i`` cl w`fia`y zlla ub mfxl clla elulsniale cy uml slv|islnlauz bh uml NfajiwfubsyUlzufnlau, uml iaabxfuiak Wsèubs mfxiak bcxib|z`y wslzjsicle ub minzl`h uml slulauiba bh umlbè hbsnfìuilz o|zu zb hfs fz umly {lsl {fssfauz bh kla|ialalzz bs zlj|siuilz fkfiazu hsf|e! Fuuml l}lj|uiba bh uml Nfajiwfubsy Ulzufnlau zlxla wlszbaz mfe clla wslzlau clzielz umlUlzufubs! Zlxla {iualzzlz {lsl fjjbseiak`y lzzlauif` ub uml Wsèubsifa [i``? u{b bh umlnjbsslzwbaeiak ub uml ìcsiwlaz fae hfniìè lnwubs, {mb {lsl ab{ zusiwwle bh umlis

zyncbìjf` jmfsfjuls, fae {lsl nlsl`y wslzlau hbs uml w|swbzl bh z|ww`yiak umlis ulzuinbay! Ab lnc`lnfuij jlslnbay {fz kbal umsb|km4 uml [i`` {fz nlsl`y sljiule4 c|u umla iu iz wsbcfc`l -umb|km abu fczb`|ul`y jlsufia) umfu f {siuula iazus|nlau {fz aljlzzfsy ub wlswlu|ful uml lxielajl bh uml Ulzufubs’z eizwbziuibaz! Fu f`` lxlauz, {mlalxls f {siuiak {fzslfe bs l}miciule fz f wlszba’z `fzu [i``, {l dab{ jlsufia`y umfu uml Wsèubsifa Jb|su {b|èabu z|zufia iu cy zwljif` iaulsxlauiba, |a`lzz lfjm bh uml zlxla {iualzzlz mfe zlxlsf``yfhhi}le miz zlf` ub uml b|uziel! Umiz iz uml hiszu fwwlfsfajl bh zlfìak ia uml mizubsy bh o|sizws|elajl, jbazielsle fz f nbel bh f|umlauijfuiba! Uml |zl bh zlf`z, mb{lxls, fz nlslhfzulaiakz, iz eb|cu`lzz bh n|jm mikmls fauiv|iuy4 fae iu fwwlfsz ub mfxl clla dab{a ub uml

Mlcsl{z! [l nfy bczlsxl, umfu uml zlf`z bh Sbnfa [i``z, fae bumls ebj|nlauz bh inwbsufajl, eie abu ba`y zlsxl fz uml iael} bh uml wslzlajl bs fzzlau bh uml zikafufsy, c|u{lsl f`zb ìulsf``y hfzulaiakz {mijm mfe ub cl csbdla clhbsl uml {siuiak jb|è cl iazwljule!

Uml Leijuf` @f{ {b|è umlslhbsl lahbsjl uml eizwbziuibaz bh f Ulzufubs, {mla, iazulfebh cliak zyncbìzle umsb|km uml hbsnz bh nfajiwfuiba, umly {lsl zinw`y lxielajle cy umlzlf`z bh zlxla {iualzzlz! C|u iu nfy cl `fie eb{a fz f klalsf` wsbwbziuiba, umfu uml wsiajiwf`v|fìuilz bh Sbnfa wsbwlsuy {lsl iajbnn|aijfc`l l}jlwu umsb|km wsbjlzzlz {mijm {lslz|wwbzle ub cl jbäxf` {ium uml bsikia bh uml Jixi` @f{! Uml Wsèubs umlslhbsl jb|è abujbahls fa Iamlsiufajl ba faycbey! Ml jb|è abu w`fjl uml Mlis bs Jb.mlisz ia umfu xlsy

sl`fuiba ia {mijm uml Ulzufubs mfe minzl`h zubbe ub miz b{a sikmuz fae bcìkfuibaz! F`` mljb|è eb {fz ub jbahls ba uml wlszba elzikafule fz Mlis uml wsfjuijf` laobynlau bh uml wsbwlsuy clv|lfumle, fae ub kixl uml hbsjl bh `lkf` fjv|iuufajlz ub miz wfynlauz bh umlUlzufubs’z elcuz! [mla ml l}lsule miz wb{lsz ub umlzl laez, uml Wsèubs {fz uljmaijf``y zfieub jbnn|aijful uml Cbabs|n Wbzzlzzib! Uml Mlis zwljif``y iae|jule |aels umlzljisj|nzufajlz bs Cbabs|n Wbzzlzzbs, mfe lxlsy wsbwsilufsy wsixi`lkl bh uml Mlis cy uml



96

Jixi` @f{! Ml ubbd uml wsbhiuz fae ml jb|è fìlaful, c|u umla, hbs f`` miz slnleilz hbs sleslzzfkfiazu {sbak, ml n|zu kb, fz {l zmb|è wmsfzl iu, abu ub uml Jbnnba @f{, c|u ub umlLv|iuy ziel bh uml Wsèubsifa Jb|su! Ab kslfu jmfajl bh lssbs {b|è cl iaj|ssle cy elzjsiciakmin fz mfxiak fa lv|iufc`l lzuful ia uml iamlsiufajl4 c|u umla, ub zlj|sl b|szl`xlz fkfiazu cliak el`|ele cy uml faf`bky, {l n|zu f`{fyz sljb``lju umfu ia bal ylfs uml Cbabs|nWbzzlzzib {fz bwlsfule |wba cy f wsiajiw`l bh Sbnfa @f{ dab{a fz \z|jfwiba, fae umlWbzzlzzbs cljfnl V|isiufsifa b{als bh f`` uml wsbwlsuy jbnwsizle ia uml iamlsiufajl!

[l dab{ ubb ìuu`l bh uml bèls `f{ bh Jixi` Wsbjlzz ub cl fc`l ub zusidl uml cf`fajl bh fexfaufkl fae eizfexfaufkl clu{lla uml eihhlslau j`fzzlz bh slnleilz z|wwìle cy umlWsèubsifa Usic|af`! Iu iz jlsufia, mb{lxls, umfu, ia zwiul bh iuz nfay elhljuz, uml NfajiwfubsyUlzufnlau cy {mijm uml |aixlsziufz o|siz elxb`xle fu bajl fae |ainwfisle {fz alxls lauisl`y z|wlszlele cy uml al{ [i``4 fae fu f wlsibe `lzz cikbule ub fauiv|fsifa hbsnz, fae wlsmfwz abu v|iul fìxl ub umlis zikaihijfajl, f`` uml iakla|iuy bh uml O|sizjbaz|ùz zllnz ubmfxl clla l}wlaele ba uml inwsbxlnlau bh uml nbsl xlalsfc`l iazus|nlau! Fu uml lsf bh Kfi|z, {mijm iz umfu bh uml Faubaial Jèzfsz, uml kslfu c`lnizmlz bh uml Nfajiwfubsy [i``mfe clla slnbxle! Bsikiaf``y, fz {l mfxl zlla, uml lzzlauif` jmfsfjuls bh uml hbsnfìuilz mfeslv|isle umfu uml Mlis minzl`h zmb|è cl uml W|sjmfzls bh uml Hfni`y, fae uml jbazlv|lajl

{fz umfu ml abu ba`y iazufau`y fjv|isle f xlzule iaulslzu ia uml Ulzufubs’z Wsbwlsuy, c|u {fzhbsnf``y nfel f{fsl bh miz sikmuz! C|u uml fkl bh Kfi|z wlsniuule zbnl |ajbajlsale wlszbaub bhhijiful fz W|sjmfzls bh uml Hfni`y! Uml Mlis, umlslhbsl, {fz abu aljlzzfsi`y iahbsnle bh uml z|jjlzziba ub {mijm ml {fz elzuiale4 fae [i``z umlajlhbs{fse fjv|isle uml wsbwlsuy bh zljsljy! Uml z|czuiu|uiba bh f zusfakls hbs uml fju|f` Mlis ia uml h|ajuibaz bh ‐HfniìèLnwubs„ mfe bumls |ùlsibs jbazlv|lajlz! Fz zbba fz iu {fz `lkfìzle, f Sbnfa Ulzufnlaujfnl ub jbazizu bh u{b wfsuz bs zufklz,―f Jbaxlyfajl, {mijm {fz f w|sl hbsn, fae f A|aj|wfuib, bs W|cìjfuiba! Ia umiz `fuuls wfzzfkl bh uml wsbjlleiak, uml Ulzufubs liumls bsf``yelj`fsle ub uml fzzizufauz uml {izmlz {mijm {lsl ub cl l}lj|ule fhuls miz elfum, bs wsbe|jle f

{siuula ebj|nlau ia {mijm miz {izmlz {lsl lncbeile! Iu {fz abu wsbcfc`y ui`` fuulauiba mfe clla v|iul esf{a bhh hsbn uml infkiafsy Jbaxlyfajl, fae jbajlausfule ba uml A|aj|wfuibafz uml lzzlauif` wfsu bh uml usfazfjuiba, umfu [i``z {lsl f``b{le ub cljbnl slxbjfc`l!

I mfxl um|z jfssile uml wleiksll bh [i``z zbnl {fy eb{a ia `lkf` mizubsy! Uml sbbu bh iu iz uml bè Ulzufnlau ‐{ium uml jbwwls fae uml zjf`lz,„ hb|aele ba f Nfajiwfuiba bs Jbaxlyfajl! Umiz fajilau [i`` mfz, mb{lxls, nfaihbè elhljuz, {mijm fsl slnleile, umb|kmba`y iaeislju`y, cy uml Wsèubsifa `f{! Nlfauinl uml iakla|iuy bh uml O|sizjbaz|ùz lhhljuz, iauml Jbnnba.@f{ [i`` bs Nfajiwfubsy Ulzufnlau, uml xlsy inwsbxlnlauz {mijm uml Wsèubs nfy mfxl jbaj|sslau`y jfssile b|u ia Lv|iuy! Umlzl `fzu fnlìbsfuibaz elwlae, mb{lxls, ba

nbsl `lkf` el}ulsiuy, fae {l zll fjjbseiak`y umfu uml Ulzufnlaufsy @f{ bh uml efy bh Kfi|zbs \`wifa iz ba`y usfaziuibaf`! [mfu jmfaklz al}u laz|le {l dab{ abu4 c|u fu `lakum o|zu clhbsl uml sljbazus|juiba bh uml o|sizws|elajl cy O|zuiaifa, {l hiae uml z|coljuz bh umlLfzulsa Sbnfa Lnwisl lnw`byiak f hbsn bh [i`` bh {mijm uml wleiksll iz usfjlfc`l ub umlWsèubsifs Ulzufnlau ba bal ziel, fae ub uml Ulzufnlau ‐{ium uml jbwwls fae uml zjf`lz,„ bauml bumls! @idl uml Ulzufnlau bh uml Wsèubs, iu slv|isle ab Nfajiwfuiba, fae {fz iaxfìe



9:

JMFWULS XII! FAJILAU FAE NBELSA IELFZ SLZWLJUIAK [I@@Z FAEZ\JJLZZIBAZ!

Fùmb|km umlsl iz n|jm ia uml nbelsa L|sbwlfa @f{ bh [i``z {mijm iz iauinful`yjbaaljule {ium uml bèlzu s|`lz bh Ulzufnlaufsy eizwbziuiba wsfjuizle fnbak nla, umlsl fslalxlsuml`lzz zbnl inwbsufau eihhlslajlz clu{lla fajilau fae nbelsa ielfz ba uml z|colju bh [i``z fae Z|jjlzzibaz! Zbnl bh uml wbiauz bh eihhlslajl I zmf`` laelfxbs ub i``|zusful ia umizjmfwuls!

Fu f wlsibe, slnbxle zlxlsf` jlau|silz hsbn uml lsf bh uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz, {l hiae f

xfsiluy bh s|`lz laksfhule ba uml Sbnfa Jixi` @f{ {ium uml xil{ bh ìniuiak uml eiziamlsizbabh jmièsla4 {l mfxl uml o|sizeijuiba bh uml Wsèubs xlsy fjuixl`y l}lsule ia uml zfnl iaulslzu4fae {l fsl f`zb wslzlaule {ium f al{ slnley, xlsy fabnf`b|z ia jmfsfjuls fae bh |ajlsufiabsikia, jf``le uml V|lsl`f Iabhhijibzi Ulzufnlaui, ‐uml W`fiau bh fa \ae|ulb|z [i``,„ eisljuleub uml sliazufulnlau bh uml izz|l ia iamlsiufajlz hsbn {mijm umly mfe clla |ao|zuihifc`yl}j`|ele cy f hfumls’z Ulzufnlau! Jbnwfsiak umiz jbaeiuiba bh uml `f{ {ium uml ul}u bh umlU{l`xl Ufc`lz {mijm jbajlelz ia ulsnz uml |unbzu ìclsuy bh Ulzufuiba, zlxlsf` {siulsz mfxl clla ulnwule ub iauls{lfxl f kbbe elf` bh esfnfuij iajielau iaub umlis mizubsy bh uml @f{Ulzufnlaufsy! Umly ul`` |z bh uml cb|ae`lzz ìjlazl bh eiziamlsizba ia {mijm uml mlfez bh

hfniìlz iazufau`y clkfa ub iae|`kl, bh uml zjfaef` fae iao|sy ub w|cìj nbsf`z {mijm uml al{ wsfjuijlz laklaelsle, fae bh uml fww`f|zl bh f`` kbbe nla {mijm mfi`le uml jb|sfkl bh umlWsèubs ia fsslzuiak uml wsbkslzz bh wfulsaf` elwsfxiuy! Umiz zubsy, {mijm iz abu {iumb|u zbnlhb|aefuiba hbs uml wsiajiwf` hfju iu sl`fulz, iz bhula zb ubè fz ub eizj`bzl xlsy zlsib|znizjbajlwuibaz bh uml wsiajiw`lz bh `lkf` mizubsy! Uml @f{ bh uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz iz ub cll}w`fiale cy uml jmfsfjuls bh uml fkl ia {mijm iu {fz lafjule! Iu eblz abu ìjlazl f ulaelajy{mijm f `fuls lsf umb|kmu iuzl`h cb|ae ub jb|aulsfju, c|u iu wsbjllez ba uml fzz|nwuiba umfuab z|jm ulaelajy l}izuz, bs, wlsmfwz {l zmb|è zfy, ia ikabsfajl bh uml wbzziciìuy bh iuzl}izulajl! Umlsl iz ab ìdlìmbbe umfu Sbnfa jiuilaz clkfa innleiful`y ub fxfi` umlnzl`xlzhsll`y bh uml wb{ls ub eiziamlsiu! Iu iz fkfiazu f`` slfzba fae zb|ae fwwsljifuiba bh mizubsy ub

z|wwbzl umfu uml ybdl bh hfni`y cbaefkl, zui`` wfuilau`y z|cniuule ub, fz {l dab{, {mlsl iuz wslzz|sl kf``le nbzu js|l``y, {b|è cl jfzu bhh ia uml xlsy wfsuij|`fs ia {mijm iuz iajielajlia b|s b{a efy iz abu bumls{izl umfa {l`jbnl! Uml @f{ bh uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz wlsniuule umll}lj|uiba bh Ulzufnlauz ia uml ba`y jfzl ia {mijm iu {fz umb|kmu wbzzic`l umfu umly jb|è cll}lj|ule, xi!? ba hfi`|sl bh jmièsla fae wsb}inful diaesle! Iu eie abu hbscie umleiziamlsizba bh eislju elzjlaefauz, iafzn|jm fz iu eie abu `lkiz`ful fkfiazu f jbauiaklajy



95

{mijm ab Sbnfa `f{kixls bh umfu lsf jb|è mfxl jbaulnw`fule! Ab eb|cu, fz uml bhhijlz bh hfni`y fhhljuiba wsbkslzzixl`y `bzu uml fzwlju bh wsinfsy wlszbaf` e|uilz, uml eiziamlsizba bh jmièsla {fz bjjfzibaf``y fuulnwule! C|u uml iaulshlslajl bh uml Wsèubs, zb hfs hsbn cliakjf``le hbs cy uml |aixlszfìuy bh uml fc|zl, {fz eb|cu`lzz hiszu wsbnwule cy uml hfju umfu z|jmiazufajlz bh |aafu|sf` jfwsijl {lsl hl{ fae l}jlwuibaf`, fae fu jbahìju {ium uml j|sslaunbsfìuy!

Uml iaeijfuibaz h|saizmle cy umiz wfsu bh Sbnfa Ulzufnlaufsy @f{ fsl bh f xlsy

eihhlslau diae! Iu iz slnfsdfc`l umfu f [i`` alxls zllnz ub mfxl clla slkfsele cy uml Sbnfazfz f nlfaz bh eiziamlsiuiak f Hfni`y, bs bh lhhljuiak uml |alv|f` eizusic|uiba bh f wfusinbay!Uml s|`lz bh `f{ wslxlauiak iuz cliak u|sale ub z|jm f w|swbzl, iajslfzl ia a|ncls faezusiaklajy fz uml o|sizws|elajl |ahbèz iuzl`h4 fae umlzl s|`lz jbsslzwbae eb|cu`lzz {ium umlfcieiak zlauinlau bh Sbnfa zbjiluy, fz eizuiak|izmle hsbn bjjfzibaf` xfsifuibaz bh hllìakia iaeixie|f`z! Iu {b|è sfumls zlln fz ih uml Ulzufnlaufsy Wb{ls {lsl jmilh`y xf`|le hbs umlfzzizufajl iu kfxl ia nfdiak wsbxiziba hbs f Hfni`y, fae ia eixieiak uml iamlsiufajl nbsllxla`y fae hfis`y umfa uml @f{ bh Iaulzuful Z|jjlzziba {b|è mfxl eixiele iu! Ih umiz cl umlus|l slfeiak bh uml klalsf` zlauinlau ba uml wbiau, iu l}w`fiaz ub zbnl l}ulau uml ziak|`fs mbssbs bh Iaulzufjy {mijm f`{fyz jmfsfjulsizle uml Sbnfa! Ab lxi` zllnz ub mfxl clla

jbazielsle f mlfxils xiziufuiba umfa uml hbshliu|sl bh Ulzufnlaufsy wsixi`lklz4 ab j|szlfwwlfsz ub mfxl clla ciuulsls umfa umfu {mijm inwsljfule ba fa lalny umfu ml nikmu eil{iumb|u f [i``! Uml hllìak mfz ab jb|aulswfsu, bs abal umfu iz lfzi`y sljbkaizfc`l, ia umlhbsnz bh bwiaiba {mijm l}izu fu uml wslzlau efy! F`` nla fu f`` uinlz {i`` eb|cu`lzz wslhls jmf`diak b|u uml elzuiafuiba bh umlis z|czufajl ub mfxiak umfu bhhijl wlshbsnle hbs umln cyuml `f{4 c|u uml Sbnfa wfzziba hbs Ulzufjy iz eizuiak|izmle hsbn uml nlsl elzisl ub iae|`kljfwsijl cy iuz iaulaziuy4 fae iu mfz, bh jb|szl, abumiak {mfulxls ia jbnnba {ium umfu wsiel bh hfni`y, l}j`|zixl`y uml jslfuiba bh hl|efìzn, {mijm fjj|n|`fulz bal elzjsiwuiba bh wsbwlsuyia uml mfaez bh f ziak`l slwslzlaufuixl! Iu iz wsbcfc`l, ç wsibsi, umfu iu {fz zbnlumiak ia uml

s|`lz bh Iaulzuful Z|jjlzziba {mijm jf|zle umiz xlmlnlau wslhlslajl hbs uml eizusic|uiba bh wsbwlsuy |aels f Ulzufnlau bxls iuz eizusic|uiba cy `f{! Uml eihhij|ùy, mb{lxls, iz, umfu bak`fajiak fu uml Sbnfa `f{ bh Iaulzuful Z|jjlzziba, ia uml hbsn, {mijm iu {bsl hbs nfayjlau|silz clhbsl O|zuiaifa zmfwle iu iaub umfu zjmlnl bh iamlsiufajl {mijm mfz clla f`nbzu|aixlszf``y febwule cy nbelsa `f{kixlsz, iu cy ab nlfaz zusidlz bal fz slnfsdfc`y|aslfzbafc`l bs ialv|iufc`l! Ba uml jbausfsy, uml eizusic|uiba iu wslzjsiclz iz zb hfis faesfuibaf`, fae eihhlsz zb ìuu`l hsbn umfu {ium {mijm nbelsa zbjiluy mfz clla klalsf``yjbaulaule, umfu ab slfzba z|kklzuz iuzl`h {my iu zmb|è mfxl clla slkfsele {ium l}usfbseiafsyeizufzul, lzwljif``y |aels f o|sizws|elajl {mijm wfsle eb{a ub f afssb{ jbnwfzz umlulzufnlaufsy wsixi`lklz bh wlszbaz {mb mfe jmièsla ub wsbxiel hbs! [l zmb|è sfumls mfxl

l}wljule umfu, fz ia Hsfajl fu umiz nbnlau, uml mlfez bh hfniìlz {b|è klalsf``y zfxlumlnzl`xlz uml usb|c`l bh l}lj|uiak f [i``, fae f``b{ uml @f{ ub eb fz iu w`lfzle {ium umlis fzzluz! I umiad, mb{lxls, ih {l `bbd f ìuu`l j`bzl`y fu uml wsl.O|zuiaifalfa zjf`l bh IaulzufulZ|jjlzziba, {l zmf`` eizjbxls uml dly ub uml nyzulsy! Uml ul}u|sl bh uml `f{ jbazizuz bh u{beizuiaju wfsuz! Bal elwfsunlau bh s|`lz jbnlz hsbn uml O|z Jixi`l, uml Jbnnba @f{ bh Sbnl4 uml bumls hsbn uml Leiju bh uml Wsèubs Uml Jixi` @f{, fz I mfxl f`slfey zufule hbs



9<

fabumls w|swbzl, jf``z ub uml iamlsiufajl ba`y umsll bselsz bh z|jjlzzbsz ia umlis u|sa4 uml|alnfajiwfule jmièsla, uml alfslzu j`fzz bh Fkafuij diaesle, fae uml Klaui`lz! Clu{llaumlzl umsll bselsz, uml Wsèubs iaulswb`fulz xfsib|z j`fzzlz bh sl`fuixlz, bh {mbn uml Jixi`@f{ ubbd ab abuijl {mfulxls! \ùinful`y, uml jbnciafuiba bh uml Leiju fae bh uml Jixi` @f{hbsnz f ufc`l bh z|jjlzziba abu nfulsif``y eihhlslau hsbn umfu {mijm mfz elzjlaele ub umlklalsfìuy bh nbelsa jbelz!

Uml wbiau hbs sljb``ljuiba iz, umfu umlsl n|zu fajilau`y mfxl clla f uinl fu {mijm uml

s|`lz bh uml Jixi` @f{ elulsniale uml zjmlnl bh Iaulzuful Z|jjlzziba l}j`|zixl`y, fae fu{mijm uml fssfaklnlauz bh uml Leiju {lsl aba.l}izulau, bs abu jbazizulau`y jfssile b|u! [ljfaabu eb|cu umfu, ia iuz iahfajy, uml Wsèubsifa o|sizws|elajl mfe ub jbaulae {ium hbsniefc`lbczus|juibaz, fae iu iz nbsl umfa wsbcfc`l umfu, `bak fhuls wbw|`fs zlauinlau fae `lkf`bwiaiba mfe fjv|ilzjle ia iu, uml nbeihijfuibaz {mijm iu wlsibeijf``y iausbe|jle {lslkbxlsale cy ab jlsufia wsiajiw`lz, fae h`|ju|fule {ium uml xfsyiak cifz bh z|jjlzzixlnfkizusfulz! Uml s|`lz bh Iaulzuful Z|jjlzziba, {mijm uml Sbnfaz n|zu fu umiz wlsibe mfxl wsfjuizle, fjjb|au, I umiad―fae nbsl umfa fjjb|au―hbs umfu xlmlnlau eizufzul hbs faIaulzufjy ub {mijm Sbnfa zbjiluy e|siak zb nfay fklz slnfiale jbazufau! Uml bsels bh z|jjlzziba {fz umiz? ba uml elfum bh f jiuila, mfxiak ab {i`` bs ab xfìe {i``, miz

\alnfajiwfule jmièsla cljfnl miz Mlisz! Miz lnfajiwfule zbaz mfe ab zmfsl ia umliamlsiufajl! Ih ml `lhu ab eislju elzjlaefauz ìxiak fu miz elfum, uml alfslzu ksfel bh umlFkafuij diaesle z|jjllele, c|u ab wfsu bh uml iamlsiufajl {fz kixla ub fay sl`fuixl |aiule-mb{lxls j`bzl`y) {ium uml elfe nfa umsb|km hlnf`l elzjlauz! F`` uml bumls csfajmlz bh umlhfni`y {lsl l}j`|ele, fae uml iamlsiufajl lzjmlfule ub uml Klaui`lz, bs lauisl cbey bh Sbnfa jiuilaz clfsiak uml zfnl afnl {ium uml eljlfzle! Zb umfu ba hfiìak ub l}lj|ul fabwlsfuixl Ulzufnlau, f Sbnfa bh uml lsf |aels l}fniafuiba `lhu miz lnfajiwfule jmièslafczb`|ul`y {iumb|u wsbxiziba, {mi`l, ba uml fzz|nwuiba umfu ml eile jmiè`lzz, umlsl {fzinnialau sizd umfu miz wbzzlzzibaz {b|è lzjfwl hsbn uml hfni`y fùbklumls, fae elxb`xl ba

f a|ncls bh wlszbaz {ium {mbn ml {fz nlsl`y jbaaljule cy uml zfjlsebuf` hijuiba umfufzz|nle f`` nlnclsz bh uml zfnl klaz ub cl elzjlaele hsbn f jbnnba fajlzubs! Uml wsbzwlju bh z|jm fa izz|l iz ia iuzl`h f alfs`y z|hhijilau l}w`fafuiba bh uml wbw|`fs zlauinlau4 c|u, ia wbiau bh hfju, {l zmf`` ba`y mf`h |aelszufae iu, ih {l hbsklu umfu uml zuful bh umiakz Imfxl clla elzjsiciak iz ìdl`y ub mfxl l}izule fu uml xlsy nbnlau {mla Sbnfa zbjiluy {fzia uml hiszu zufkl bh iuz usfaziuiba hsbn iuz wsiniuixl bskfaizfuiba ia elufjmle hfniìlz! Umllnwisl bh uml hfumls mfe iaelle sljlixle bal bh uml lfsìlzu c`b{z eisljule fu iu umsb|km umlsljbkaiuiba bh Lnfajiwfuiba fz f `lkiuinful |zfkl, c|u uml `f{, zui`` jbazielsiak uml WfusifWbulzufz ub cl uml sbbu bh hfni`y jbaaljuiba, wlszlxlsle ia `bbdiak ba uml lnfajiwfulejmièsla fz zusfaklsz ub uml sikmuz bh Diazmiw fae fìlaz hsbn uml c`bbe! [l jfaabu, mb{lxls,

hbs f nbnlau z|wwbzl umfu uml ìniufuibaz bh uml hfni`y inwbzle cy `lkf` wlefausy mfe umlis jb|aulswfsu ia uml afu|sf` fhhljuiba bh wfslauz! Hfni`y fuufjmnlauz n|zu zui`` mfxl slufialeumfu alfs`y iajbajlixfc`l zfajuiuy fae iaulaziuy {mijm cl`bakle ub umln |aels uml Wfusifsjmf`zyzuln4 fae zb ìuu`l fsl umly ìdl`y ub mfxl clla l}uiak|izmle cy uml fju bh lnfajiwfuiba,umfu uml wsbcfciìuilz fsl fùbklumls uml bumls {fy! Iu nfy cl |amlziufuiak`y ufdla hbs ksfauleumfu lahsfajmizlnlau hsbn uml hfumls’z wb{ls {fz f elnbazusfuiba, sfumls umfa f zlxlsfajl,



98

bh fhhljuiba―f nfsd bh ksfjl fae hfxb|s fjjbsele ub uml clzu.cl`bxle fae nbzu lzullnle bh uml jmièsla! Ih zbaz um|z mbab|sle fcbxl uml slzu {lsl fczb`|ul`y elwsixle bh umlis mlsiufkl cy fa Iaulzufjy, uml sl`|jufajl ub iaj|s iu slv|islz ab hfsumls l}w`fafuiba! [l nikmu mfxlfzz|nle ç wsibsi umfu uml wfzziba hbs Ulzufjy, {fz klalsfule cy zbnl nbsf` iao|zuijllaufi`le cy uml s|`lz bh Iaulzuful z|jjlzziba4 fae mlsl {l hiae umln fu xfsifajl {ium uml xlsyiazuiaju cy {mijm lfs`y zbjiluy {fz jlnlaule ubklumls! Iu iz wbzzic`l ub w|u f`` umfu mfz clla|skle ia f xlsy z|jjiaju hbsn! Lxlsy ebniafau zlauinlau bh uml wsiniuixl Sbnfaz {fzlau{iale {ium uml sl`fuibaz bh uml hfni`y! C|u {mfu {fz uml Hfni`y2 Uml @f{ elhiale iu bal

{fy―afu|sf` fhhljuiba fabumls! Ia uml jbahìju clu{lla uml u{b, uml hllìak {l {b|èfaf`yzl ksl{ |w, ufdiak uml hbsn bh fa laum|zifzn hbs uml iazuiu|uiba cy {mijm uml eijufulz bh fhhljuiba {lsl wlsniuule ub elulsnial uml hbsu|alz bh iuz bcoljuz!

I slkfse, umlslhbsl, uml Sbnfa mbssbs bh Iaulzufjy fz f nba|nlau bh f xlsy lfs`yjbahìju clu{lla fajilau `f{ fae z`b{`y jmfakiak fajilau zlauinlau ba uml z|colju bh umlHfni`y! Zbnl wfzzfklz ia uml Sbnfa Zufu|ul.@f{, fae bal zufu|ul ia wfsuij|`fs {mijmìniule uml jfwfjiuy hbs iamlsiufajl wbzzlzzle cy {bnla, n|zu mfxl jbausic|ule ub dllwfìxl uml hllìak4 fae iu iz uml klalsf` clìlh umfu uml zyzuln bh jslfuiak Hieli.Jbnnizzf, bs clv|lzuz ia us|zu, {fz elxizle ub lxfel uml eizfciìuilz inwbzle cy umbzl zufu|ulz! C|u uml

hllìak iuzl`h, ia iuz slnfsdfc`l iaulaziuy, zllnz ub wbiau cfjd ub zbnl ellwls faufkbaizn clu{lla `f{ fae bwiaiba4 abs iz iu fu f`` {baelsh|` umfu uml inwsbxlnlauz bh o|sizws|elajl cy uml Wsflubs zmb|è abu mfxl l}uiak|izmle iu! Lxlsycbey jbaxlszfau {ium uml wmi`bzbwmy bh bwiaiba iz f{fsl umfu f zlauinlau cy ab nlfaz eilz b|u, bh aljlzziuy, {ium uml wfzziak f{fybh uml jisj|nzufajlz {mijm wsbe|jle iu! Iu nfy `bak z|sxixl umln4 afy, iu nfy fhuls{fsezfuufia ub f wiujm fae jìnf} bh iaulaziuy {mijm iu alxls fuufiale e|siak umlis fju|f`jbauia|fajl!

Uml xil{ bh f [i`` {mijm slkfsez iu fz jbahlssiak uml wb{ls bh eixlsuiak wsbwlsuy

hsbn uml Hfni`y, bs bh eizusic|uiak iu ia z|jm |alxla wsbwbsuibaz fz uml hfajy bs kbbe zlazlbh uml Ulzufubs nfy eijuful, iz abu bèls umfa umfu `fuls wbsuiba bh uml Niee`l Fklz ia {mijmHl|efìzn mfe jbnw`lul`y jbazbìefule iuzl`h! [mla nbelsa o|sizws|elajl hiszu zmb{z iuzl`h ia uml sb|km, [i``z fsl sfsl`y f``b{le ub eizwbzl {ium fczb`|ul hsllebn bh f elfe nfa’zfzzluz! [mlslxls fu umiz wlsibe uml elzjlau bh wsbwlsuy {fz slk|`fule cy [i``―fae bxls umlkslfuls wfsu bh L|sbwl nbxlfc`l bs wlszbaf` wsbwlsuy {fz uml z|colju bh Ulzufnlaufsyeizwbziuiba―uml l}lsjizl bh uml Ulzufnlaufsy wb{ls {fz zlèbn f``b{le ub iaulshlsl {iumuml sikmu bh uml {ieb{ ub f elhiaiul zmfsl, fae bh uml jmièsla ub jlsufia hi}le wsbwbsuibaz, bh uml elxb`xiak iamlsiufajl! Uml zmfslz bh uml jmièsla, fz umlis fnb|au zmb{z, {lslelulsniale cy uml f|umbsiuy bh Sbnfa `f{! Uml wsbxiziba hbs uml {ieb{ {fz fuusic|ufc`l ub

uml l}lsuibaz bh uml Jm|sjm, {mijm alxls sl`f}le iuz zbìjiu|el hbs uml iaulslzu bh {ixlzz|sxixiak umlis m|zcfaez―{iaaiak, wlsmfwz bal bh uml nbzu fse|b|z bh iuz usi|nwmz {mla,fhuls l}fjuiak hbs u{b bs umsll jlau|silz fa l}wslzz wsbnizl hsbn uml m|zcfae fu nfssifkl ublaeb{ miz {ihl, iu fu `lakum z|jjllele ia laksfhuiak uml wsiajiw`l bh Eb{ls ba umlJ|zubnfsy @f{ bh f`` [lzulsa L|sbwl! J|sib|z`y lab|km, uml eb{ls bh `faez wsbxle f nbslzufc`l iazuiu|uiba umfa uml faf`bkb|z fae nbsl fajilau slzlsxfuiba bh jlsufia zmfslz bh uml



9;

wlszbaf` wsbwlsuy ub uml {ieb{ fae jmièsla! F hl{ `bjf` j|zubnz ia Hsfajl nfiaufiale umlsikmu eb{a ub uml Slxb`|uiba, fae umlsl fsl usfjlz bh zini`fs |zfklz ia Lak`fae4 c|u ba uml{mb`l uml ebjusial wslxfi`le umfu nbxlfc`lz nikmu cl hsll`y eizwbzle bh cy [i``, fae, lxla{mla uml j`finz bh uml {ieb{ jbauia|le ub cl slzwljule, uml wsixi`lklz bh uml jmièsla {lslbcìulsfule hsbn o|sizws|elajl! [l alle abu mlziuful ub fuusic|ul uml jmfakl ub uml iah`|lajlbh Wsinbklaiu|sl! Fz uml Hl|ef` `f{ bh `fae wsfjuijf``y eiziamlsiule f`` uml jmièsla ia hfxb|s bh bal, uml lv|f` eizusic|uiba lxla bh umbzl zbsuz bh wsbwlsuy {mijm nikmu mfxl clla lv|f``yeixiele jlfzle ub cl xil{le fz f e|uy! Ulzufnlauz {lsl uml wsiajiwf` iazus|nlauz lnw`byle

ia wsbe|jiak ialv|fìuy, fae ia umiz jbaeiuiba bh umiakz bsikiafule uml zmfel bh eihhlslajl{mijm zmb{z iuzl`h clu{lla uml fajilau fae nbelsa jbajlwuiba bh f [i``! C|u, umb|km umlìclsuy bh clv|lzu, laobyle umsb|km Ulzufnlauz, {fz um|z fa fjjielauf` hs|iu bh Hl|efìzn,umlsl iz ab csbfels eizuiajuiba umfa umfu {mijm l}izuz clu{lla f zyzuln bh hsll Ulzufnlaufsyeizwbziuiba fae f zyzuln, ìdl umfu bh uml Hl|ef` `fae.`f{, |aels {mijm wsbwlsuy elzjlaezjbnw|`zbsi`y ia wslzjsicle ìalz bh elxb`|uiba! Umiz us|um fwwlfsz ub mfxl clla `bzu zikmu bh cy uml f|umbsz bh uml Hslajm Jbelz! Ia uml zbjif` hfcsij {mijm umly elulsniale ub elzusby,umly zf{ Wsinbklaiu|sl slzuiak jmilh`y ba Hfni`y zluu`lnlauz, c|u umly f`zb wlsjlixle umfuUlzufnlauz {lsl hslv|lau`y lnw`byle ub kixl uml lèlzu zba wsljizl`y uml zfnl wslhlslajl{mijm {fz slzlsxle ub min |aels uml zusijulzu bh laufi`z! Ia bsels, umlslhbsl, ub nfdl z|sl bh

umlis {bsd, umly abu ba`y slaelsle iu inwbzzic`l ub wslhls uml lèlzu zba ub uml slzu ianfssifkl.fssfaklnlauz, c|u umly f`nbzu l}wl``le Ulzufnlaufsy z|jjlzziba hsbn uml `f{, `lzuiu zmb|è cl |zle ub elhlfu umlis h|aefnlauf` wsiajiw`l bh fa lv|f` eizusic|uiba bh wsbwlsuyfnbak jmièsla fu uml wfslau’z elfum! Uml slz|ù iz umfu umly mfxl lzufcìzmle f zyzuln bh znf`` wlswlu|f` laufi`z, {mijm iz iahiaiul`y alfsls fdia ub uml zyzuln bh hl|ef` L|sbwl umfa{b|è cl f wlshlju ìclsuy bh clv|lzu! Uml `fae.`f{ bh Lak`fae, ‐uml Mlsj|`fal|n bh Hl|efìzn,„ iz jlsufia`y n|jm nbsl j`bzl`y f`ìle ub uml `fae.`f{ bh uml Niee`l Fklz umfaumfu bh fay Jbauialauf` jb|ausy, fae [i``z {ium |z fsl hslv|lau`y |zle ub fie bs iniuful umfu wslhlslajl bh uml lèlzu zba fae miz ìal {mijm iz f alfs`y |aixlszf` hlfu|sl ia nfssifkl

zluu`lnlauz bh slf` wsbwlsuy! C|u alxlsuml`lzz hllìak fae bwiaiba ia umiz jb|ausy mfxl clla wsbhb|ae`y fhhljule cy uml wsfjuijl bh hsll Ulzufnlaufsy eizwbziuiba4 fae iu fwwlfsz ub nlumfu uml zuful bh zlauinlau ia f kslfu wfsu bh Hslajm zbjiluy, ba uml z|colju bh uml jbazlsxfuibabh wsbwlsuy ia hfniìlz, iz n|jm ìdls umfu {mijm wslxfi`le umsb|km L|sbwl u{b bs umslljlau|silz fkb umfa fsl uml j|sslau bwiaibaz bh Lakìzmnla!

Uml nlauiba bh Wsinbklaiu|sl iausbe|jlz bal bh uml nbzu eihhij|ù wsbc`lnz bh mizubsijf` o|sizws|elajl! Umb|km I mfxl abu wf|zle ub l}w`fia ny l}wslzzibaz, iu nfy mfxl clla abuijle umfu I mfxl hslv|lau`y zwbdla bh f a|ncls bh ‐jb.mlisz„ fz w`fjle cy umlSbnfa @f{ bh Z|jjlzziba ba uml zfnl hbbuiak {ium f ziak`l Mlis! Ia wbiau bh hfju, {l dab{

bh ab wlsibe bh Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl fu {mijm uml w`fjl bh uml Mlis, bs \aixlszf` Z|jjlzzbs,nikmu abu mfxl clla ufdla cy f ksb|w bh jb.mlisz! Umiz ksb|w z|jjllele fz f ziak`l |aiu, faeuml fzzluz {lsl fhuls{fsez eixiele fnbak umln ia f zlwfsful `lkf` wsbjlleiak! [mla umlZ|jjlzziba {fz fc iaulzufub, fae uml ksb|w jbazizule bh uml jmièsla bh uml eljlfzle, umlylfjm ubbd fa lv|f` zmfsl bh uml wsbwlsuy4 abs, umb|km nf`lz mfe fu bal uinl zbnl fexfaufklzbxls hlnf`lz, iz umlsl uml hfiaulzu usfjl bh Wsinbklaiu|sl! Uml nbel bh eizusic|uiba iz uml



9=

zfnl umsb|kmb|u fsjmfij o|sizws|elajl! Iu jlsufia`y zllnz umfu, {mla jixi` zbjiluy clkiaz faehfniìlz jlfzl ub mbè ubklumls umsb|km f zlsilz bh klalsfuibaz, uml ielf {mijm zwbaufalb|z`yz|kklzuz iuzl`h iz ub eixiel uml ebnfia lv|f``y fnbak uml nlnclsz bh lfjm z|jjlzzixlklalsfuiba, fae ub slzlsxl ab wsixi`lkl ub uml lèlzu zba bs zubjd! Zbnl wlj|ìfs`y zikaihijfaumiauz fz ub uml j`bzl sl`fuiba bh umiz wmlabnlaba ub wsiniuixl umb|kmu fsl h|saizmle cyzyzulnz ylu nbsl fsjmfij umfa uml Sbnfa! Fnbak uml Miaebbz, uml iazufau f zba iz cbsa, mlfjv|islz f xlzule sikmu ia miz hfumls’z wsbwlsuy, {mijm jfaabu cl zbè {iumb|u sljbkaiuiba bh miz obiau.b{alszmiw! Ba uml zba’z fuufiaiak h|`` fkl, ml jfa zbnluinlz jbnwl` f wfsuiuiba bh

uml lzuful lxla fkfiazu uml jbazlau bh uml wfslau4 fae zmb|è uml wfslau fjv|ilzjl, bal zbajfa f`{fyz mfxl f wfsuiuiba lxla fkfiazu uml {i`` bh uml bumlsz! Ba z|jm wfsuiuiba ufdiak w`fjl, uml hfumls mfz ab fexfaufkl bxls miz jmièsla, l}jlwu umfu ml mfz u{b bh uml zmfslziazulfe bh bal! Uml fajilau `f{ bh uml Klsnfa usiclz {fz l}jlleiak`y zini`fs! Uml f``be bs ebnfia bh uml hfni`y {fz uml obiau.wsbwlsuy bh uml hfumls fae miz zbaz! Iu eblz abu, mb{lxls,fwwlfs ub mfxl clla mfciu|f``y eixiele lxla fu uml elfum bh uml wfslau, fae ia uml zfnl {fyuml wbzzlzzibaz bh f Miaebb, mb{lxls eixizic`l umlbsluijf``y, fsl zb sfsl`y eizusic|ule ia hfju,umfu nfay klalsfuibaz jbazufau`y z|jjlle lfjm bumls {iumb|u f wfsuiuiba ufdiak w`fjl, faeum|z uml Hfni`y ia Iaeif mfz f wlswlu|f` ulaelajy ub l}wfae iaub uml Xi``fkl Jbnn|aiuy,|aels jbaeiuibaz {mijm I zmf`` mlslfhuls fuulnwu ub l`|jieful! F`` umiz wbiauz xlsy j`lfs`y ub

uml fczb`|ul`y lv|f` eixiziba bh fzzluz fnbak uml nf`l jmièsla fu elfum fz uml wsfjuijl nbzu|z|f` {ium zbjiluy fu uml wlsibe {mla hfni`y.elwlaelajy iz ia uml hiszu zufklz bh eiziaulksfuiba! Mlsl umla lnlsklz uml mizubsijf` eihhij|ùy bh Wsinbklaiu|sl! Uml nbslj`lfs`y {l wlsjlixl umfu, {mla uml Hl|ef` iazuiu|uibaz {lsl ia wsbjlzz bh hbsnfuiba, umlsl{fz ab zb|sjl ia uml {bsè {mlajl umly jb|è elsixl umlis l`lnlauz c|u uml Sbnfa `f{ bh uml wsbxiajif`z ba uml bal mfae fae uml fsjmfij j|zubnz bh uml cfscfsifaz ba uml bumls, umlnbsl fsl {l wlsw`l}le fu hiszu zikmu cy b|s dab{`lekl umfu aliumls Sbnfa abs cfscfsifa {fzfjj|zubnle ub kixl fay wslhlslajl ub uml lèlzu zba bs miz ìal ia uml z|jjlzziba ub wsbwlsuy!

Wsinbklaiu|sl eie abu cl`bak ub uml J|zubnz {mijm uml cfscfsifaz wsfjuizle ba umlis hiszu lzufcìzmnlau {iumia uml Sbnfa Lnwisl! Iu iz dab{a ub mfxl mfe iuz bsikia ia uml clalhijlz bs clalhijifsy kihuz bh uml iaxfeiak jmilhufiaz! Umlzl clalhijlz, {mijm {lslbjjfzibaf``y jbahlssle cy uml lfsìls inniksfau diakz, c|u {lsl eizusic|ule ba f kslfu zjf`l cy Jmfs`lnfkal, {lsl ksfauz bh Sbnfa wsbxiajif` `fae ub cl mbèla cy uml clalhijifsy bajbaeiuiba bh niìufsy zlsxijl! Uml f``beif` wsbwsilubsz eb abu zlln ub mfxl hb``b{le umlis zbxlslika ba eizufau bs eihhij|ù laulswsizlz, fae f`` uml ksfaels l}wleiuibaz bh uml Hsfadizmjmilhz fae bh Jmfs`lnfkal {lsl fjjbnwìzmle {ium hbsjlz jbnwbzle bh zbèilsz liumls wlszbaf``y elwlaelau ba uml sbyf` mb|zl bs jbnwl``le ub zlsxl iu cy uml ula|sl bh umlis `fae!Uml clalhijlz, mb{lxls, {lsl abu fu hiszu ia fay zlazl mlsleiufsy! Umly {lsl mlè fu uml

w`lfz|sl bh uml ksfaubs, bs fu nbzu hbs uml ìhl bh uml ksfaull4 c|u zui``, hsbn uml xlsy b|uzlu,ab lhhbsu zllnz ub mfxl clla zwfsle cy uml clalhijifsilz ub la`fskl umlis ula|sl, fae ubjbauia|l umlis `faez ia umlis hfni`y fhuls elfum! Umsb|km uml hllc`lalzz bh Jmfs`lnfkal’zz|jjlzzbsz umlzl fuulnwuz {lsl |aixlszf``y z|jjlzzh|`, fae uml Clalhijl ksfe|f``yusfazhbsnle iuzl`h iaub uml mlsleiufsy Hilh! C|u, umb|km uml hilhz {lsl mlsleiufsy, umly eie abualjlzzfsi`y elzjlae ub uml lèlzu zba! Uml s|`lz bh z|jjlzziba {mijm umly hb``b{le {lsl



99

lauisl`y elulsniale cy uml ulsnz fkslle |wba clu{lla uml ksfaubs fae uml clalhijifsy, bs inwbzle cy bal bh umln ba uml {lfdalzz bh uml bumls! Uml bsikiaf` ula|slz {lsl umlslhbsll}uslnl`y xfsib|z4 abu iaelle zb jfwsijib|z`y xfsib|z fz iz zbnluinlz fzzlsule, hbs f`` {mijmmfxl miumlsub clla elzjsicle wslzlau zbnl jbnciafuiba bh uml nbelz bh z|jjlzziba hfniìfs ub Sbnfaz fae ub cfscfsifaz, c|u zui`` l}jlleiak`y nizjl``falb|z! Ia zbnl bh umln, umllèlzu zba fae miz zubjd |aeb|cule`y z|jjllele ub uml hilh clhbsl uml bumlsz, c|u z|jmz|jjlzzibaz, zb hfs hsbn cliak |aixlszf`, eb abu lxla fwwlfs ub mfxl clla klalsf`! Wsljizl`yuml zfnl wmlabnlaf slj|s e|siak umfu nbsl sljlau usfazn|ufuiba bh L|sbwlfa zbjiluy {mijm

lauisl`y z|czuiu|ule uml hl|ef` hbsn bh wsbwlsuy hbs uml ebnfiaif` -bs Sbnfa) fae uml f``beif`-bs Klsnfa!) Uml f``bez {lsl {mb``y fczbscle cy uml hilhz! Uml kslfuls f``beif` wsbwsilubszusfazhbsnle umlnzl`xlz iaub hl|ef` `bsez cy jbaeiuibaf` fìlafuibaz bh wbsuibaz bh umlis `faeub elwlaefauz4 uml znf``ls zb|kmu fa lzjfwl hsbn uml bwwslzzibaz bh umfu ulssic`l uinl cyz|sslaelsiak umlis wsbwlsuy ub zbnl wb{lsh|` jmilhufia, fae sljlixiak iu cfjd fu miz mfaez bajbaeiuiba bh zlsxijl ia miz {fsz! Nlfauinl, umfu xfzu nfzz bh uml wbw|`fuiba bh [lzulsaL|sbwl {mbzl jbaeiuiba {fz zlsxi`l bs zlni.zlsxi`l―uml Sbnfa fae Klsnfa wlszbaf`z`fxlz, uml Sbnfa jb`bai fae uml Klsnfa ìei―{lsl jbaj|sslau`y fczbscle cy uml hl|ef`bskfaizfuiba, f hl{ bh umln fzz|niak f nlaif` sl`fuiba ub uml `bsez, c|u uml kslfuls wfsusljlixiak `fae ba ulsnz {mijm ia umbzl jlau|silz {lsl jbazielsle elksfeiak! Uml ula|slz

jslfule e|siak umiz lsf bh |aixlszf` iahl|efuiba {lsl fz xfsib|z fz uml jbaeiuibaz {mijm umlulafauz nfel {ium umlis al{ jmilhz bs {lsl hbsjle ub fjjlwu hsbn umln! Fz ia uml jfzl bh clalhijlz, uml z|jjlzziba ub zbnl, c|u cy ab nlfaz ub f``, bh uml lzufulz hb``b{le uml s|`l bh Wsinbklaiu|sl! Ab zbbals, mb{lxls, mfz uml hl|ef` zyzuln wslxfi`le umsb|kmb|u uml [lzu,umfa iu cljbnlz lxielau umfu Wsinbklaiu|sl mfz zbnl kslfu fexfaufkl bxls lxlsy bumls nbelbh z|jjlzziba! Iu zwslfe bxls L|sbwl {ium slnfsdfc`l sfwieiuy, uml wsiajiwf` iazus|nlau bh eihh|ziba cliak Hfni`y Zluu`lnlauz, uml Wfjulz el Hfni``l bh Hsfajl fae Mf|z.Klzlul bh Klsnfay, {mijm |aixlszf``y zuiw|`fule umfu `faez mlè cy daikmu`y zlsxijl zmb|è elzjlae ubuml lèlzu zba! \ùinful`y uml `f{ slzikale iuzl`h ub hb``b{ iaxlulsful wsfjuijl, fae {l hiae

umfu ia f`` uml cbeilz bh J|zubnfsy @f{, {mijm {lsl ksfe|f``y c|iù |w, uml lèlzu zba faezubjd fsl wslhlssle ia uml z|jjlzziba ub lzufulz bh {mijm uml ula|sl iz hsll fae niìufsy! Fz ub`faez mlè cy zlsxi`l ula|slz -fae bsikiaf``y f`` ula|slz {lsl zlsxi`l {mijm cb|ae uml ulafauub wfy nbaly bs clzub{ nfa|f` `fcbs), uml zyzuln bh z|jjlzziba wslzjsicle cy j|zubneihhlsle kslfu`y ia eihhlslau jb|ausilz fae eihhlslau wsbxiajlz! Uml nbsl klalsf` s|`l {fz umfuz|jm `faez {lsl eixiele lv|f``y fu elfum fnbak f`` uml jmièsla, c|u zui`` ia zbnl iazufajlzuml lèlzu zba {fz wslhlssle, ia zbnl uml yb|aklzu! C|u Wsinbklaiu|sl |z|f``y kbxlsale umliamlsiufajl bh umfu j`fzz bh lzufulz, ia zbnl slzwljuz uml nbzu inwbsufau bh f``, {mijm {lslmlè cy ula|slz umfu, ìdl uml Lakìzm Zbjfkl, {lsl bh `fuls bsikia umfa uml slzu, fae {lslaliumls fùbklumls hsll abs fùbklumls zlsxi`l!

Uml eihh|ziba bh Wsinbklaiu|sl iz |z|f``y fjjb|aule hbs cy fzzikaiak {mfu fsl jf``leHl|ef` slfzbaz hbs iu! Iu iz fzzlsule umfu uml hl|ef` z|wlsibs mfe f cluuls zlj|siuy hbs umlniìufsy zlsxijl ml slv|isle {mla uml hilh elzjlaele ub f ziak`l wlszba, iazulfe bh cliakeizusic|ule fnbak f a|ncls ba uml eljlfzl bh uml `fzu mbèls! [iumb|u elayiak umfu umizjbazielsfuiba nfy wfsuif``y l}w`fia uml hfxb|s ksfe|f``y fjv|isle cy Wsinbklaiu|sl, I n|zu



677

wbiau b|u umfu Wsinbklaiu|sl cljfnl f j|zubn bh L|sbwl n|jm nbsl umsb|km iuz wbw|`fsiuy{ium uml ulafauz umfa umsb|km fay fexfaufkl iu jbahlssle ba uml `bsez! Hbs iuz bsikia,nbslbxls, uml slfzba kixla eblz abu fjjb|au fu f``! Abumiak ia `f{ zwsiakz lauisl`y hsbn fzlazl bh jbaxlailajl! Umlsl fsl f`{fyz jlsufia ielfz l}izuiak fauljlelau`y ba {mijm umlzlazl bh jbaxlailajl {bsdz, fae bh {mijm iu jfa eb ab nbsl umfa hbsn zbnl al{jbnciafuiba4 fae ub hiae umlzl ielfz ia uml wslzlau jfzl iz l}fju`y uml wsbc`ln!

F xf`|fc`l miau iz h|saizmle ub |z hsbn f v|fsuls hs|iuh|` bh z|jm iaeijfuibaz! Fùmb|km

ia Iaeif uml wbzzlzzibaz bh f wfslau fsl eixizic`l fu miz elfum, fae nfy cl eixizic`l e|siak mizìhl, fnbak f`` miz nf`l jmièsla ia lv|f` zmfslz, fae umb|km umiz wsiajiw`l bh uml lv|fèizusic|uiba bh wsbwlsuy l}ulaez ub lxlsy wfsu bh uml Miaebb iazuiu|uibaz, ylu {mlslxls w|cìjbhhijl bs wbìuijf` wb{ls elxb`xlz fu uml eljlfzl bh uml `fzu Iaj|nclau, uml z|jjlzziba izalfs`y |aixlszf``y fjjbseiak ub uml s|`lz bh Wsinbklaiu|sl! Zbxlslikauilz elzjlae umlslhbslub uml lèlzu zba, fae {mlsl uml fhhfisz bh uml Xi``fkl Jbnn|aiuy, uml jbswbsful |aiu bh Miaebb zbjiluy, fsl jbahiele ub f ziak`l nfafkls, iu iz klalsf``y uml lèlzu zba {mb ufdlz |wuml feniaizusfuiba fu miz wfslau’z elfum! F`` bhhijlz, iaelle, ia Iaeif, ulae ub cljbnlmlsleiufsy, fae, {mla umlis afu|sl wlsniuz iu, ub xlzu ia uml lèlzu nlncls bh uml bèlzu zubjd!Jbnwfsiak umlzl Iaeifa z|jjlzzibaz {ium zbnl bh uml s|els zbjif` bskfaizfuibaz {mijm mfxl

z|sxixle ia L|sbwl f`nbzu ub b|s b{a efy, uml jbaj`|ziba z|kklzuz iuzl`h umfu, {mlaWfusifsjmf` wb{ls iz abu ba`y ebnlzuij c|u wbìuijf`, iu iz abu eizusic|ule fnbak f`` uml izz|lfu uml wfslau’z elfum, c|u iz uml cisumsikmu bh uml lèlzu zba! Uml jmilhufiazmiw bh f Mikm`faej`fa, hbs l}fnw`l, hb``b{le uml bsels bh Wsinbklaiu|sl! Umlsl zllnz, ia us|um, ub cl f hbsnbh hfni`y.elwlaelajy zui`` nbsl fsjmfij umfa fay bh umbzl {mijm {l dab{ hsbn uml wsiniuixlsljbsez bh bskfaizle jixi` zbjiluilz! Uml Fkafuij \aiba bh uml diaesle ia fajilau Sbnfa `f{,fae f n|ùiu|el bh zini`fs iaeijfuibaz, wbiau ub f wlsibe fu {mijm f`` uml sfnihyiak csfajmlzbh uml hfni`y usll mlè ubklumls ia bal bskfaij {mb`l4 fae iu iz ab wslz|nwu|b|z jbaolju|sl,umfu, {mla uml jbswbsfuiba um|z hbsnle cy uml diaesle {fz ia iuzl`h fa iaelwlaelau zbjiluy, iu

{fz kbxlsale cy uml lèlzu nf`l bh uml bèlzu ìal! Iu iz us|l umfu {l mfxl ab fju|f`dab{`lekl bh fay z|jm zbjiluy! Lxla ia uml nbzu l`lnlaufsy jbnn|aiuilz, hfni`y.bskfaizfuibaz, fz {l dab{ umln, fsl fu nbzu inwlsif ia inwlsib! C|u uml wbziuiba bh zbnl bh umln, bh uml Jlùij j`faz ia wfsuij|`fs, {fz z|hhijilau`y alfs iaelwlaelajl {iumia mizubsijfùinlz ub hbsjl ba |z uml jbaxijuiba umfu umly {lsl bajl zlwfsful inwlsif, fae umfuWsinbklaiu|sl slk|`fule uml z|jjlzziba ub uml jmilhufiazmiw! Iu iz, mb{lxls, aljlzzfsy ub clba b|s k|fse fkfiazu nbelsa fzzbjifuibaz {ium uml ulsn bh `f{! [l fsl zwlfdiak bh f hfni`y.jbaaljuiba zui`` j`bzls fae nbsl zusiaklau umfa fay {ium {mijm {l fsl nfel fjv|fiaule cyMiaebb zbjiluy bs fajilau Sbnfa `f{! Ih uml Sbnfa Wfulshfniìfz {fz xizic`y zul{fse bh umlhfni`y wbzzlzzibaz, ih uml Miaebb hfumls iz ba`y obiau.zmfsls {ium miz zbaz, zui`` nbsl

lnwmfuijf``y n|zu uml us|l wfusifsjmf` jmilhufia cl nlsl`y uml feniaizusfubs bh f jbnnbah|ae!

Uml l}fnw`lz bh z|jjlzziba cy Wsinbklaiu|sl {mijm {lsl hb|ae fnbak uml Clalhijlznfy, umlslhbsl, mfxl clla iniufule hsbn f zyzuln bh hfni`y.kbxlsanlau dab{a ub umliaxfeiak sfjlz, umb|km abu ia klalsf` |zl! Zbnl s|el usiclz nfy mfxl zui`` wsfjuizle iu, bs,



676

{mfu iz zui`` nbsl wsbcfc`l, zbjiluy nfy mfxl clla zb zìkmu`y slnbxle hsbn iuz nbsl fsjmfijjbaeiuiba umfu uml niaez bh zbnl nla zwbaufalb|z`y slj|ssle ub iu, {mla umly {lsl jf``le|wba ub zluu`l uml s|`lz bh iamlsiufajl hbs f al{ hbsn bh wsbwlsuy! C|u umlsl iz zui`` umlv|lzuiba, [my eie Wsinbklaiu|sl ksfe|f``y z|wlszlel lxlsy bumls wsiajiw`l bh z|jjlzziba2Uml faz{ls, I umiad, iz, umfu L|sbwlfa zbjiluy eljiele`y slusbksfele e|siak uml eizzb`|uiba bh uml Jfs`bxiakifa lnwisl! Iu zfad f wbiau bs u{b cfjd lxla hsbn uml nizlsfc`y `b{ elksll{mijm iu mfe nfsdle e|siak uml lfs`y cfscfsifa nbafsjmilz! Uml kslfu jmfsfjulsizuij bh uml wlsibe {fz uml hllc`lalzz, bs sfumls uml fclyfajl, bh diak`y fae umlslhbsl bh jixi` f|umbsiuy4

fae mlajl iu zllnz fz ih, jixi` zbjiluy ab `bakls jbmlsiak, nla |aixlszf``y h`|ak umlnzl`xlz cfjd ba f zbjif` bskfaizfuiba bèls umfa uml clkiaaiakz bh jixi` jbnn|aiuilz! Uml `bse {iummiz xfzzf`z, e|siak uml aiaum fae ulaum jlau|silz, nfy cl jbazielsle fz f wfusifsjmf`mb|zlmbè, sljs|iule, abu fz ia uml wsiniuixl uinlz cy Febwuiba, c|u cy Iahl|efuiba4 fae ubz|jm f jbahlelsfjy, z|jjlzziba cy Wsinbklaiu|sl {fz f zb|sjl bh zuslakum fae e|sfciìuy! Zb`bak fz uml `fae {fz dlwu ubklumls ba {mijm uml lauisl bskfaizfuiba slzule, iu {fz wb{lsh|`hbs elhlajl fae fuufjd4 ub eixiel uml `fae {fz ub eixiel uml ìuu`l zbjiluy, fae xb`|aufsi`y ubiaxiul fkkslzziba ia fa lsf bh |aixlszf` xib`lajl! [l nfy cl wlshlju`y jlsufia umfu iaub umiz wslhlslajl hbs Wsinbklaiu|sl umlsl laulsle ab ielf bh eiziamlsiuiak uml c|`d bh uml jmièsla iahfxb|s bh bal! Lxlsycbey {b|è mfxl z|hhlsle cy uml eixiziba bh uml hilh! Lxlsycbey {fz f

kfials cy iuz jbazbìefuiba! Uml Hfni`y ksl{ zusbakls cy uml jbajlausfuiba bh wb{ls ia umlzfnl mfaez4 abs iz iu ìdl`y umfu uml `bse {mb {fz iaxlzule {ium uml iamlsiufajl mfe fayfexfaufkl bxls miz cslumsla fae diazhb`d ia bjj|wfuibaz, iaulslzuz, bs iae|`klajlz! Iu {b|è cl f ziak|`fs fafjmsbaizn ub lzuinful uml wsixi`lklz z|jjllele ub cy uml mlis bh f hilh, cy umlziu|fuiba ia {mijm uml lèlzu zba iz w`fjle |aels fa Lakìzm zusiju zluu`lnlau!

I mfxl zfie umfu I slkfse uml lfs`y hl|ef` jbahlelsfjilz fz elzjlaele hsbn fa fsjmfijhbsn bh uml Hfni`y, fae fz {lfsiak f zusbak slzlnc`fajl ub iu! C|u umla ia uml fajilau {bsè,fae ia uml zbjiluilz {mijm mfxl abu wfzzle umsb|km uml js|jic`l bh hl|efìzn, uml

Wsinbklaiu|sl {mijm zllnz ub mfxl wslxfi`le alxls usfazhbsnle iuzl`h iaub umlWsinbklaiu|sl bh uml `fuls hl|ef` L|sbwl! [mla uml ksb|w bh diaznla jlfzle ub cl kbxlsaleumsb|km f zlsilz bh klalsfuibaz cy f mlsleiufsy jmilh, uml ebnfia {mijm mfe clla nfafklehbs f`` fwwlfsz ub mfxl clla lv|f``y eixiele fnbak f``! [my eie umiz abu bjj|s ia uml hl|ef`{bsè2 Ih e|siak uml jbah|zibaz bh uml hiszu hl|ef` wlsibe uml lèlzu zba mlè uml `fae hbs uml clmbbh bh uml {mb`l hfni`y, {my {fz iu umfu {mla hl|ef` L|sbwl mfe jbazbìefule iuzl`h, faeslk|`fs jbnn|aiuilz {lsl fkfia lzufcìzmle, uml {mb`l hfni`y eie abu slz|nl umfu jfwfjiuyhbs lv|f` iamlsiufajl {mijm mfe cl`bakle ub Sbnfa fae Klsnfa fìdl2 Uml dly {mijm|a`bjdz umiz eihhij|ùy mfz sfsl`y clla zlile cy uml {siulsz {mb bjj|wy umlnzl`xlz iausfjiak uml klalf`bky bh Hl|efìzn! Umly wlsjlixl uml nfulsif`z bh uml hl|ef` iazuiu|uibaz,

c|u umly nizz uml jlnlau! Uml ielfz fae zbjif` hbsnz {mijm jbausic|ule ub uml hbsnfuiba bh uml zyzuln {lsl |av|lzuibafc`y cfscfsifa fae fsjmfij, c|u, fz zbba fz Jb|suz fae `f{ylsz{lsl jf``le ia ub iaulswslu fae elhial iu, uml wsiajiw`lz bh iaulswslufuiba {mijm umly fwwìle ubiu {lsl umbzl bh uml `fulzu Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl, fae {lsl umlslhbsl l}jlzzixl`y slhiale faenfu|sle! Ia f wfusifsjmf``y kbxlsale zbjiluy, uml lèlzu zba nfy z|jjlle ub uml kbxlsanlaubh uml Fkafuij ksb|w, fae ub uml fczb`|ul eizwbzf` bh iuz wsbwlsuy! C|u ml iz abu umlslhbsl f



673

us|l wsbwsilubs! Ml mfz jbssl`fuixl e|uilz abu iaxb`xle ia uml jbajlwuiba bh wsbwsilubszmiw, c|u v|iul |aelhiale fae v|iul iajfwfc`l bh elhiaiuiba! Uml `fuls Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl,mb{lxls, ìdl b|s b{a `f{, `bbdle |wba |ajbausb``le wb{ls bxls wsbwlsuy fz lv|ixf`lau ubb{alszmiw, fae eie abu, fae, ia hfju, jb|è abu, ufdl abuijl bh ìfciìuilz bh z|jm f diae, umfuuml xlsy jbajlwuiba bh umln cl`bakle ub f wlsibe faulsibs ub slk|`fs `f{! Uml jbaufju bh umlslhiale fae uml cfscfsb|z abuiba mfe ialxiufc`y hbs iuz lhhlju uml jbaxlsziba bh uml lèlzu zbaiaub `lkf` wsbwsilubs bh uml iamlsiufajl! Uml j`lsijf` fae zlj|`fs `f{ylsz zb elhiale miz wbziuiba hsbn uml hiszu4 c|u iu {fz ba`y cy iazlazic`l elksllz umfu uml yb|akls csbumls, hsbn

wfsuijiwfuiak ba lv|f` ulsnz ia f`` uml efaklsz fae laobynlauz bh miz diaznfa, zfad iaub uml wsilzu, uml zbèils bh hbsu|al, bs uml mfakls.ba bh uml nfaziba! Uml `lkf` slxb`|uiba {fzielauijf` {ium umfu {mijm bjj|ssle ba f znf``ls zjf`l, fae ia v|iul sljlau uinlz, umsb|km umlkslfuls wfsu bh uml Mikm`faez bh Zjbu`fae! [mla jf``le ia ub elulsnial uml `lkf` wb{lsz bh uml jmilhufia bxls uml ebnfiaz {mijm kfxl z|zulafajl ub uml j`fa, Zjbuuizm o|sizws|elajl mfe`bak ziajl wfzzle uml wbiau fu {mijm iu jb|è ufdl abuijl bh uml xfk|l ìniufuibaz bajbnw`lulalzz bh ebniaiba inwbzle cy uml j`finz bh uml j`faznla, fae iu {fz ialxiufc`lumlslhbsl, umfu iu zmb|è jbaxlsu uml wfusinbay bh nfay iaub uml lzuful bh bal!

Hbs uml zfdl bh zinwìjiuy, I mfxl jf``le uml nbel bh z|jjlzziba Wsinbklaiu|sl

{mlalxls f ziak`l zba bs elzjlaefau z|jjllez ub uml f|umbsiuy bxls f mb|zlmbè bs zbjiluy! Iuiz slnfsdfc`l, mb{lxls, umfu ia uml hl{ xlsy fajilau l}fnw`lz {mijm slnfia ub |z bh umiz zbsubh z|jjlzziba, iu iz abu f`{fyz uml lèlzu zba, ia uml zlazl hfniìfs ub |z, {mb ufdlz |w umlslwslzlaufuiba! Uml hbsn bh Wsinbklaiu|sl {mijm mfz zwslfe bxls [lzulsa L|sbwl mfz f`zb clla wlswlu|fule fnbak uml Miaebbz, fae umlsl iz lxlsy slfzba ub clìlxl umfu iu iz umlabsnf` hbsn! \aels iu, abu ba`y uml lèlzu zba, c|u uml lèlzu ìal iz f`{fyz wslhlssle! Ih umllèlzu zba hfi`z, miz lèlzu zba mfz wsljlelajl abu ba`y bxls csbumlsz c|u bxls |aj`lz4 fae, ih ml ubb hfi`z, uml zfnl s|`l iz hb``b{le ia uml al}u klalsfuiba! C|u {mla uml z|jjlzziba iz abunlsl`y ub jixi` c|u ub wbìuijf` wb{ls, f eihhij|ùy nfy wslzlau iuzl`h {mijm {i`` fwwlfs bh

kslfuls nfkaiu|el fjjbseiak fz uml jbmlziba bh zbjiluy iz `lzz wlshlju! Uml jmilhufia {mb `fzul}lsjizle f|umbsiuy nfy mfxl b|uìxle miz lèlzu zba, fae uml ksfaezba {mb iz wsinfsi`ylauiu`le ub z|jjlle nfy cl ubb yb|ak fae innfu|sl ub |aelsufdl uml fju|f` k|iefajl bh umljbnn|aiuy, fae uml feniaizusfuiba bh iuz fhhfisz! Ia z|jm fa lxlau, uml l}wleilau {mijmz|kklzuz iuzl`h ub uml nbsl zluu`le zbjiluilz iz ub w`fjl uml iahfau mlis |aels k|fseifazmiw ui``ml slfjmlz uml fkl bh hiualzz hbs kbxlsanlau! Uml k|fseifazmiw iz klalsf``y umfu bh uml nf`lFkafulz4 c|u iu iz slnfsdfc`l umfu uml jbauiaklajy z|wwbzle iz bal bh uml sfsl jfzlz ia {mijmfajilau zbjiluilz mfxl jbazlaule ub uml l}lsjizl bh wb{ls cy {bnla, eb|cu`lzz b|u bh slzwljuub uml bxlszmfeb{iak j`finz bh uml nbumls! Ia Iaeif, uml {ieb{ bh f Miaebb zbxlslikakbxlsaz ia uml afnl bh mls iahfau zba, fae {l jfaabu c|u slnlncls umfu uml j|zubn

slk|`fuiak z|jjlzziba ub uml umsbal bh Hsfajl―{mijm, {mfulxls cl iuz bsikia, iz eb|cu`lzz bh uml mikmlzu fauiv|iuy―wslhlssle uml v|lla.nbumls ub f`` bumls j`finfauz hbs uml Slklajy, fuuml zfnl uinl umfu iu sikbsb|z`y l}j`|ele f`` hlnf`lz hsbn uml umsbal! Umlsl iz, mb{lxls,fabumls nbel bh bcxifuiak uml iajbaxlailajl fuulaeiak uml elxb`|uiba bh zbxlslikauy ba faiahfau mlis, fae iu iz bal {mijm {b|è eb|cu`lzz bjj|s zwbaufalb|z`y ub s|el`y bskfaizlejbnn|aiuilz! Umiz iz ub zlu fziel uml iahfau mlis fùbklumls, fae jbahls uml jmilhufiazmiw ba



67:

uml lèlzu z|sxixiak nf`l bh uml hiszu klalsfuiba! Uml Jlùij j`fa.fzzbjifuibaz, fnbak umlnfay wmlabnlaf {mijm umly mfxl wslzlsxle bh fa fkl ia {mijm jixi` fae wbìuijf` zbjiluy{lsl abu ylu lxla s|einlaufsi`y zlwfsfule, mfxl csb|kmu eb{a umiz s|`l bh z|jjlzziba ubmizubsijf` uinlz! [ium umln, iu zllnz ub mfxl l}izule ia uml hbsn bh f wbziuixl jfaba, umfu,hfiìak uml lèlzu zba, miz al}u csbumls z|jjllez ia wsibsiuy ub f`` ksfaezbaz, {mfulxls cl umlis fkl fu uml nbnlau {mla uml zbxlslikauy elxb`xlz! Zbnl {siulsz mfxl l}w`fiale uml wsiajiw`l cy fzz|niak umfu uml Jlùij j|zubnz ubbd uml `fzu jmilhufia fz f zbsu bh sbbu bs zubjd,fae umla kfxl uml z|jjlzziba ub uml elzjlaefau {mb zmb|è cl `lfzu slnbul hsbn min4 uml

|aj`l um|z cliak wslhlssle ub uml ksfaezba fz cliak alfsls ub uml jbnnba sbbu! Ab bcoljuibajfa cl ufdla ub umiz zufulnlau ih iu cl nlsl`y iaulaele fz f elzjsiwuiba bh uml zyzuln bh z|jjlzziba4 c|u iu {b|è cl f zlsib|z lssbs ub jbajlixl uml nla {mb hiszu febwule uml s|`l fzfww`yiak f jb|szl bh slfzbaiak {mijm lxielau`y efulz hsbn uml uinl {mla hl|ef` zjmlnlz bh z|jjlzziba clkfa ub cl elcfule fnbak `f{ylsz! Uml us|l bsikia bh uml wslhlslajl bh uml|aj`l ub uml ksfaezba iz eb|cu`lzz f zinw`l jf`j|`fuiba ba uml wfsu bh s|el nla ia f s|elzbjiluy umfu iu iz cluuls ub cl kbxlsale cy f ksb{a jmilhufia umfa cy f jmiè, fae umfu umlyb|akls zba iz nbsl ìdl`y ub mfxl jbnl ub nfu|siuy umfa fay bh uml lèlzu zba’zelzjlaefauz! Fu uml zfnl uinl, {l mfxl zbnl lxielajl umfu uml hbsn bh Wsinbklaiu|sl {ium{mijm {l fsl clzu fjv|fiaule iz uml wsinfsy hbsn, ia uml usfeiuiba umfu uml fzzlau bh uml j`fa

{fz fzdle {mla fa iahfau mlis {fz wfzzle bxls ia hfxb|s bh miz |aj`l! Umlsl iz f ub`lsfc`y{l`` f|umlauijfule iazufajl bh umiz jlslnbay ia uml faaf`z bh uml Zjbuuizm Nfjebafèz4 faeIsizm Jlùij fauiv|iuilz, fz iaulswslule cy sljlau iav|islsz, fsl zfie ub eizj`bzl nfay usfjlz bh zini`fs wsfjuijlz! Uml z|czuiu|uiba, cy nlfaz bh l`ljuiba, bh f ‐{bsumils„ Fkafuij sl`fuixl hbs fa lèls iz abu |adab{a, ubb, ia uml zyzuln bh uml Iaeifa Xi``fkl Jbnn|aiuilz!

\aels Nfmbnlufa `f{, {mijm mfz wsbcfc`y wslzlsxle fa fajilau Fsfcifa j|zubn,iamlsiufajlz bh wsbwlsuy fsl eixiele lv|f``y fnbak zbaz, uml ef|kmulsz ufdiak f mf`h zmfsl4 c|u ih fay bh uml jmièsla eil clhbsl uml eixiziba bh uml iamlsiufajl, `lfxiak izz|l clmiae,

umlzl ksfaejmièsla fsl lauisl`y l}j`|ele cy umlis |aj`lz fae f|auz! Jbazizulau`y {ium umiz wsiajiw`l, uml z|jjlzziba, {mla wbìuijf` f|umbsiuy elxb`xlz, iz fjjbseiak ub uml hbsn bh Wsinbklaiu|sl {mijm fwwlfsz ub mfxl bcufiale fnbak uml Jlùij zbjiluilz! Ia uml u{b kslfuNfmbnlufa hfniìlz bh uml [lzu, uml s|`l iz clìlxle ub cl, umfu uml |aj`l z|jjllez ub umlumsbal ia wslhlslajl ub uml alwml{, umb|km uml `fuuls cl uml zba bh fa lèls csbumls4 c|uumb|km umiz s|`l mfz clla hb``b{le v|iul sljlau`y cbum ia Lkywu fae ia U|sdly, I fniahbsnle umfu umlsl mfz f`{fyz clla zbnl eb|cu fz ub iuz kbxlsaiak uml elxb`|uiba bh umlU|sdizm zbxlslikauy! Uml wbìjy bh uml Z|ùfaz mfz ia hfju klalsf``y wslxlaule jfzlz hbs iuzfwwìjfuiba hsbn bjj|ssiak, fae iu iz wbzzic`l umfu umlis {mb`lzf`l nfzzfjslz bh umlis yb|akls csbumlsz nfy mfxl clla wlswlusfule v|iul fz n|jm ia uml iaulslzu bh umlis jmièsla fz hbs uml

zfdl bh nfdiak f{fy {ium efaklsb|z jbnwluiubsz hbs uml umsbal! Iu iz lxielau, mb{lxls, umfuia wb`ykfnb|z zbjiluilz uml hbsn bh Wsinbklaiu|sl {i`` f`{fyz ulae ub xfsy! Nfayjbazielsfuibaz nfy jbazuiu|ul f j`fin ba uml z|jjlzziba, uml sfad bh uml nbumls, hbs l}fnw`l,bs mls elksll ia uml fhhljuibaz bh uml hfumls! Fjjbseiak`y, zbnl bh uml Iaeifa Nfmbnlufazbxlslikaz, {iumb|u wslulaeiak ub fay eizuiaju ulzufnlaufsy wb{ls, j`fin uml sikmu bh abniafuiak uml zba {mb iz ub z|jjlle! Uml c`lzziak nlauibale ia uml Zjsiwu|sf` mizubsy bh



675

Izffj fae miz zbaz mfz zbnluinlz clla zwbdla bh fz f {i``, c|u iu zllnz sfumls ub mfxl clla fnbel bh afniak fa l`elzu zba!



67<

JMFWULS XIII! UML LFS@Y MIZUBSY BH WSBWLSUY!Uml Sbnfa Iazuiu|uibaf` Uslfuizlz, fhuls kixiak umlis elhiaiuiba bh uml xfsib|z hbsnz

fae nbeihijfuibaz bh b{alszmiw, wsbjlle ub eizj|zz uml Afu|sf` Nbelz bh Fjv|isiakWsbwlsuy! Umbzl {mb fsl |ahfniìfs {ium uml mizubsy bh o|sizws|elajl fsl abu ìdl`y ub `bbd |wba umlzl ‐afu|sf` nbelz„ bh fjv|iziuiba fz wbzzlzziak, fu hiszu zikmu, liumls n|jmzwlj|`fuixl bs n|jm wsfjuijf` iaulslzu! Uml {iè fainf` {mijm iz zafsle bs di``le cy umlm|auls, uml zbi` {mijm iz feele ub b|s hilè cy uml inwlsjlwuic`l elwbziuz bh f sixls, uml usll{mijm zusidlz iuz sbbuz iaub b|s ksb|ae, fsl lfjm zfie cy uml Sbnfa `f{ylsz ub cl fjv|isle cy|z afu|sf``y! Uml bèls o|sizjbaz|ùz mfe eb|cu`lzz bczlsxle umfu z|jm fjv|iziuibaz {lsl

|aixlszf``y zfajuibale cy uml |zfklz bh uml ìuu`l zbjiluilz fsb|ae umln, fae um|z uml `f{ylszbh f `fuls fkl, hiaeiak umln j`fzzle ia uml fajilau O|z Klaui|n, fae wlsjlixiak umln ub cl bh uml zinw`lzu elzjsiwuiba, f``buule umln f w`fjl fnbak uml bseiafajlz bh Afu|sl! Uml eikaiuy{ium {mijm umly {lsl iaxlzule mfz kbal ba iajslfziak ia nbelsa uinlz ui`` iu iz v|iul b|u bh wsbwbsuiba ub umlis bsikiaf` inwbsufajl! Umlbsy mfz nfel umln iuz hfxb|siul hbbe, fae mfzlafc`le umln ub l}lsjizl uml nbzu zlsib|z iah`|lajl ba wsfjuijl!

Iu {i`` cl aljlzzfsy hbs |z ub fuulae ub bal ba`y fnbak umlzl ‐afu|sf` nbelz bh fjv|iziuiba,„ Bjj|wfuib bs Bjj|wfajy! Bjj|wfajy iz uml fexizle`y ufdiak wbzzlzziba bh umfu

{mijm fu uml nbnlau iz uml wsbwlsuy bh ab nfa, {ium uml xil{ -feez uml uljmaijf` elhiaiuiba)bh fjv|isiak wsbwlsuy ia iu hbs yb|szl`h! Uml bcoljuz {mijm uml Sbnfa `f{ylsz jf``le slza|`ì|z―umiakz {mijm mfxl abu bs mfxl alxls mfe fa b{als―jfa ba`y cl fzjlsufiale cyla|nlsfuiak umln! Fnbak umiakz {mijm alxls mfe fa b{als fsl {iè fainf`z, hizmlz, {ièhb{`, ol{l`z eiziaulssle hbs uml hiszu uinl, fae `fae al{`y eizjbxlsle bs alxls clhbslj|ùixfule! Fnbak umiakz {mijm mfxl abu fa b{als fsl nbxlfc`lz {mijm mfxl cllafcfaebale, `faez {mijm mfxl clla elzlsule, fae -fa fabnf`b|z c|u nbzu hbsniefc`l iuln)uml wsbwlsuy bh fa lalny! Ia f`` umlzl bcoljuz uml h|`` sikmuz bh ebniaiba {lsl fjv|isle cyuml Bjj|wfau, {mb hiszu ubbd wbzzlzziba bh umln {ium uml iaulauiba bh dllwiak umln fz mizb{a―fa iaulauiba {mijm, ia jlsufia jfzlz, mfe ub cl nfaihlzule cy zwljihij fjuz Iu iz abu

eihhij|ù, I umiad, ub |aelszufae uml |aixlszfìuy {mijm jf|zle uml wsfjuijl bh Bjj|wfajy ub cl w`fjle cy bal klalsfuiba bh Sbnfa `f{ylsz ia uml @f{ jbnnba ub f`` Afuibaz, fae umlzinwìjiuy {mijm bjjfzibale iuz cliak fuusic|ule cy fabumls ub uml @f{ bh Afu|sl! C|u hbs iuzhbsu|alz ia nbelsa `lkf` mizubsy {l fsl `lzz wslwfsle cy f wsibsi jbazielsfuibaz! Uml Sbnfa wsiajiw`l bh Bjj|wfajy, fae uml s|`lz iaub {mijm uml o|sizjbaz|ùz l}wfaele iu, fsl uml zb|sjlbh f`` nbelsa Iaulsafuibaf` @f{ ba uml z|colju bh Jfwu|sl ia [fs fae bh uml fjv|iziuiba bh



678

zbxlslika sikmuz ia al{`y eizjbxlsle jb|ausilz! Umly mfxl f`zb z|wwìle f umlbsy bh umlBsikia bh Wsbwlsuy, {mijm iz fu bajl uml wbw|`fs umlbsy, fae uml umlbsy {mijm, ia bal hbsn bs fabumls, iz fjv|ilzjle ia cy uml kslfu nfobsiuy bh zwlj|`fuixl o|sizuz!

I mfxl zfie umfu uml Sbnfa wsiajiw`l bh Bjj|wfajy mfz elulsniale uml ulabs bh umfujmfwuls bh Iaulsafuibaf` @f{ {mijm iz jbajlsale {ium Jfwu|sl ia [fs! Uml @f{ bh [fsìdlJfwu|sl elsixlz iuz s|`lz hsbn uml fzz|nwuiba umfu jbnn|aiuilz fsl slniuule ub f zuful bh afu|sl cy uml b|ucslfd bh mbzuiìuilz, fae umfu, ia uml fsuihijif` afu|sf` jbaeiuiba um|z

wsbe|jle, uml iazuiu|uiba bh wsixful wsbwlsuy hf``z iaub fclyfajl zb hfs fz jbajlsaz uml cl`ìklslauz! Fz uml `fuls {siulsz ba uml @f{ bh Afu|sl mfxl f`{fyz clla fa}ib|z ub nfiaufiaumfu wsixful wsbwlsuy {fz ia zbnl zlazl zfajuibale cy uml zyzuln {mijm umly {lsll}wb|aeiak, uml mywbumlziz umfu fa lalny’z wsbwlsuy iz slz a|`ì|z mfz zllnle ub umln wlsxlszl fae zmbjdiak, fae umly {lsl jfslh|` ub zuiknfuizl iu fz f nlsl hijuiba bh o|sizws|elajl! C|u, fz zbba fz uml @f{ bh Afu|sl iz usfjle ub iuz zb|sjl ia uml O|z Klaui|n,{l zll fu bajl mb{ uml kbbez bh fa lalny jfnl ub cl `bbdle |wba fz abcbey’z wsbwlsuy,fae umlslhbsl fz jfwfc`l bh cliak fjv|isle cy uml hiszu bjj|wfau! Uml ielf {b|è bjj|s zwbaufalb|z`y ub wlszbaz wsfjuiziak uml fajilau hbsnz bh [fshfsl, {mla xijubsy eizzb`xleuml bskfaizfuiba bh uml jbav|lsiak fsny fae eiznizzle uml zbèilsz ub iaeizjsiniaful

w`|aels! Iu iz wsbcfc`l, mb{lxls, umfu bsikiaf``y iu {fz ba`y nbxlfc`l wsbwlsuy {mijm {fzum|z wlsniuule ub cl fjv|isle cy uml Jfwubs! [l dab{ ba iaelwlaelau f|umbsiuy umfu f xlsyeihhlslau s|`l wslxfi`le ia fajilau Iuf`y fz ub uml fjv|iziuiba bh b{alszmiw ia uml zbi` bh fjbav|lsle jb|ausy, fae {l nfy umlslhbsl z|zwlju umfu uml fwwìjfuiba bh uml wsiajiw`l bh bjj|wfajy ub `fae -f`{fyz f nfuuls bh eihhij|ùy) efulz hsbn uml wlsibe {mla uml O|zKlaui|n {fz cljbniak uml Jbel bh Afu|sl, fae umfu iu iz uml slz|ù bh f klalsfìzfuibalhhljule cy uml o|sizjbaz|ùz bh uml kbèla fkl! Umlis ebknfz ba uml wbiau fsl wslzlsxle iauml Wfaeljuz bh O|zuiaifa, fae fnb|au ub fa |av|fìhile fzzlsuiba umfu lalny’z wsbwlsuy bh lxlsy zbsu iz slz a|`ì|z ub uml bumls cl`ìklslau, fae umfu Bjj|wfajy, cy {mijm uml Jfwubs

nfdlz iu miz b{a, iz fa iazuiu|uiba bh Afu|sf` @f{! Uml s|`lz {mijm Iaulsafuibaf` o|sizws|elajl elsixlz hsbn umlzl wbziuibaz mfxl zbnluinlz clla zuiknfuizle fz alle`lzz`yiae|`klau ub uml hlsbjiuy fae j|wieiuy bh jbncfufauz, c|u uml jmfskl mfz clla nfel, I umiad, cy wlszbaz {mb fsl |afjv|fiaule {ium uml mizubsy bh {fsz, fae {mb fsl jbazlv|lau`yikabsfau mb{ kslfu fa l}w`biu iu iz ub jbnnfae bcleilajl hbs f s|`l bh fay diae! Uml Sbnfa wsiajiw`l bh Bjj|wfajy, {mla iu {fz feniuule iaub uml nbelsa `f{ bh Jfwu|sl ia [fs, esl{{ium iu f a|ncls bh z|cbseiaful jfabaz, ìniuiak fae kixiak wsljiziba ub iuz bwlsfuiba, fae ih uml jbaulzuz {mijm mfxl clla {fkle ziajl uml uslfuizl bh Ksbui|z cljfnl fa f|umbsiuy, fsljbnwfsle {ium umbzl bh fa lfsìls eful, iu {i`` cl zlla umfu, fz zbba fz uml Sbnfa nf}inz{lsl sljlixle, [fshfsl iazufau`y fzz|nle f nbsl ub`lsfc`l jbnw`l}iba! Ih uml Sbnfa `f{ bh

Bjj|wfajy iz ub cl uf}le {ium mfxiak mfe wlsaijib|z iah`|lajl ba fay wfsu bh uml nbelsa@f{ bh Afuibaz, umlsl iz fabumls jmfwuls ia iu {mijm nfy cl zfie, {ium zbnl slfzba, ub mfxl clla iao|sib|z`y fhhljule! Ia fww`yiak ub uml eizjbxlsy bh al{ jb|ausilz uml zfnl wsiajiw`lz{mijm uml Sbnfaz mfe fwwìle ub uml hiaeiak bh f ol{l`, uml W|cìjizuz hbsjle iaub umlis zlsxijl f ebjusial fùbklumls |alv|f` ub uml ufzd l}wljule hsbn iu! L`lxfule iaub l}uslnlinwbsufajl cy uml eizjbxlsilz bh uml kslfu afxikfubsz bh uml 6<um fae 68um jlau|silz, iu sfizle



67;

nbsl eizw|ulz umfa iu zb`xle! Uml kslfulzu |ajlsufiauy {fz xlsy zmbsu`y hb|ae ub l}izu ba umlxlsy u{b wbiauz ba {mijm jlsufiauy {fz nbzu slv|isle, uml l}ulau bh uml ulssiubsy {mijm {fzfjv|isle hbs miz zbxlslika cy uml eizjbxlsls, fae uml afu|sl bh uml fjuz {mijm {lsl aljlzzfsyub jbnw`lul uml fwwslmlazib bs fzz|nwuiba bh zbxlslika wbzzlzziba! Nbslbxls, uml wsiajiw`liuzl`h, jbahlssiak fz iu eie z|jm labsnb|z fexfaufklz fz uml jbazlv|lajl bh f wiljl bh kbbe`|jd, {fz iazuiajuixl`y n|uiaile fkfiazu cy zbnl bh uml nbzu fexlau|sb|z afuibaz ia L|sbwl,uml E|ujm, uml Lakìzm, fae uml Wbsu|k|lzl! B|s b{a jb|ausynla, {iumb|u l}wslzz`y elayiakuml s|`l bh Iaulsafuibaf` @f{, alxls eie, ia wsfjuijl, feniu uml j`fin bh uml Zwfaifsez ub

laksbzz uml {mb`l bh Fnlsijf zb|um bh uml K|`h bh Nl}ijb, bs umfu bh uml Diak bh Hsfajl ubnbabwbìzl uml xf``lyz bh uml Bmib fae uml Nizzizziwwi! Hsbn uml fjjlzziba bh Lìfclum ubuml fjjlzziba bh Jmfs`lz uml Zljbae, iu jfaabu cl zfie umfu umlsl {fz fu fay uinl umbsb|km wlfjl ia uml Fnlsijfa {fulsz, fae uml lajsbfjmnlauz bh uml Al{ Lak`fae Jb`baizuz ba umlulssiubsy bh uml Hslajm Diak jbauia|le hbs f`nbzu f jlau|sy `bakls! Claumfn {fz zb zus|jd {ium uml jbah|ziba fuulaeiak uml fwwìjfuiba bh uml `lkf` wsiajiw`l, umfu ml {lau b|u bh miz{fy ub l|`bkizl uml hfnb|z C|`` bh Wbwl F`l}faels uml Zi}um, eixieiak uml |aeizjbxlslejb|ausilz bh uml {bsè clu{lla uml Zwfaifsez fae uml Wbsu|k|lzl cy f ìal esf{a balm|aesle `lfk|lz [lzu bh uml Fbslz4 fae, ksbulzv|l fz miz wsfizlz nfy fwwlfs fu hiszu zikmu,iu nfy cl eb|cule {mlumls uml fssfaklnlau bh Wbwl F`l}faels iz fcz|sels ia wsiajiw`l umfa

uml s|`l bh W|cìj `f{, {mijm kfxl mf`h f jbauialau ub uml nbafsjm {mbzl zlsxfauz mfeh|`hi``le uml jbaeiuibaz slv|isle cy Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl hbs uml fjv|iziuiba bh wsbwlsuy ia fxf`|fc`l bcolju {mijm jb|è cl jbxlsle cy uml mfae!

Ub f`` {mb w|sz|l uml iav|isilz {mijm fsl uml z|colju bh umiz xb`|nl, Bjj|wfajy iz wsl.lnialau`y iaulslzuiak ba uml zjbsl bh uml zlsxijl iu mfz clla nfel ub wlshbsn hbs zwlj|`fuixl o|sizws|elajl, ia h|saizmiak f z|wwbzle l}w`fafuiba bh uml bsikia bh wsixful wsbwlsuy! Iu {fz bajl |aixlszf``y clìlxle umfu uml wsbjlleiak inwìle ia Bjj|wfajy {fzielauijf` {ium uml wsbjlzz cy {mijm uml lfsum fae iuz hs|iuz, {mijm {lsl fu hiszu ia jbnnba,

cljfnl uml f``b{le wsbwlsuy bh iaeixie|f`z! Uml jb|szl bh umb|kmu {mijm `le ub umizfzz|nwuiba iz abu eihhij|ù ub |aelszufae, ih {l zlil uml zmfel bh eihhlslajl {mijm zlwfsfulzuml fajilau hsbn uml nbelsa jbajlwuiba bh Afu|sf` @f{! Uml Sbnfa `f{ylsz mfe `fie eb{aumfu Bjj|wfajy {fz bal bh uml Afu|sf` nbelz bh fjv|isiak wsbwlsuy, fae umly |aeb|cule`y clìlxle umfu, {lsl nfadiae ìxiak |aels uml iazuiu|uibaz bh Afu|sl, Bjj|wfajy {b|è clbal bh umlis wsfjuijlz! Mb{ hfs umly wlsz|fele umlnzl`xlz umfu z|jm f jbaeiuiba bh uml sfjlmfe lxls l}izule, iz f wbiau, fz I mfxl f`slfey zufule, {mijm umlis `fak|fkl `lfxlz ia n|jm|ajlsufiauy4 c|u umly jlsufia`y eb zlln ub mfxl nfel uml jbaolju|sl, {mijm mfz fu f`` uinlz wbzzlzzle n|jm w`f|ziciìuy, umfu uml iazuiu|uiba bh wsbwlsuy {fz abu zb bè fz uml l}izulajl bh nfadiae! Nbelsa o|sizws|elajl, fjjlwuiak f`` umlis ebknfz {iumb|u slzlsxfuiba, {lau hfs

clybae umln ia uml lfkls j|sibziuy {ium {mijm iu e{lù ba uml z|wwbzle zuful bh Afu|sl!Ziajl umla iu mfe sljlixle uml wbziuiba umfu uml lfsum fae iuz hs|iuz {lsl bajl slz a|`ì|z, faeziajl iuz wlj|ìfs xil{ bh Afu|sl `le iu ub fzz|nl {iumb|u mlziufuiba umfu uml m|nfa sfjl mfefju|f``y wsfjuizle uml Bjj|wfajy bh slz a|`ì|z `bak clhbsl uml bskfaizfuiba bh jixi` zbjiluilz,uml iahlslajl innleiful`y z|kklzule iuzl`h umfu Bjj|wfajy {fz uml wsbjlzz cy {mijm uml ‐abnfa’z kbbez„ bh uml wsiniuixl {bsè cljfnl uml wsixful wsbwlsuy bh iaeixie|f`z ia uml {bsè



67=

bh mizubsy! Iu {b|è cl {lfsizbnl ub la|nlsful uml o|sizuz {mb mfxl z|czjsicle ub umiz umlbsyia bal zmfwl bs fabumls, fae iu iz uml `lzz aljlzzfsy ub fuulnwu iu cljf|zl C`fjdzubal, {mb izf`{fyz f hfiumh|` iael} bh uml fxlsfkl bwiaibaz bh miz efy, mfz z|nnle umln |w ia miz 3e cbbd fae 6zu jmfwuls!

‐Uml lfsum,„ ml {siulz, ‐fae f`` umiakz umlslia {lsl uml klalsf` wsbwlsuy bh nfadiaehsbn uml innleiful kihu bh uml Jslfubs! Abu umfu uml jbnn|aiba bh kbbez zllnz lxls ub mfxl clla fwwìjfc`l, lxla ia uml lfsìlzu fklz, ub f|kmu c|u uml z|czufajl bh uml umiak4 abs jb|è

cl l}ulaele ub uml |zl bh iu! Hbs, cy uml `f{ bh afu|sl fae slfzba, ml {mb hiszu clkfa ub |zl iufjv|isle umlslia f diae bh usfazilau wsbwlsuy umfu `fzule zb `bak fz ml {fz |ziak iu, fae ab`bakls4 bs ub zwlfd {ium kslfuls wsljiziba, uml sikmu bh wbzzlzziba jbauia|le hbs uml zfnluinl ba`y umfu uml fju bh wbzzlzziba `fzule! Um|z uml ksb|ae {fz ia jbnnba, fae ab wfsu {fzuml wlsnfalau wsbwlsuy bh fay nfa ia wfsuij|`fs4 ylu {mblxls {fz ia uml bjj|wfuiba bh fayelulsniale zwbu bh iu, hbs slzu, hbs zmfel, bs uml ìdl, fjv|isle hbs uml uinl f zbsu bh b{alszmiw, hsbn {mijm iu {b|è mfxl clla |ao|zu fae jbausfsy ub uml `f{ bh afu|sl ub mfxlesixla min cy hbsjl, c|u uml iazufau umfu ml v|iuule uml |zl bh bjj|wfuiba bh iu, fabumls nikmuzlil iu {iumb|u iao|zuijl!„ Ml umla wsbjllez ub fsk|l umfu ‐{mla nfadiae iajslfzle iaa|ncls, iu cljfnl aljlzzfsy ub laulsufia jbajlwuibaz bh nbsl wlsnfalau ebniaiba, fae ub

fwwsbwsiful ub iaeixie|f`z abu uml innleiful |zl ba`y, c|u uml xlsy z|czufajl bh uml umiak ub cl |zle!„

Zbnl fncik|iuilz bh l}wslzziba ia umiz wfzzfkl `lfe ub uml z|zwijiba umfu C`fjdzubaleie abu v|iul |aelszufae uml nlfaiak bh uml wsbwbziuiba {mijm ml hb|ae ia miz f|umbsiuilz,umfu wsbwlsuy ia uml lfsum’z z|shfjl {fz hiszu fjv|isle, |aels uml `f{ bh Afu|sl, cy umlbjj|wfau4 c|u uml ìniufuiba {mijm elzikale`y bs umsb|km nizfwwslmlaziba ml mfz inwbzleba uml umlbsy csiakz iu iaub f hbsn {mijm iu mfz abu iahslv|lau`y fzz|nle! Nfay {siulsz nbslhfnb|z umfa C`fjdzubal hbs wsljiziba bh `fak|fkl mfxl `fie eb{a umfu, ia uml clkiaaiak bh

umiakz, Bjj|wfajy hiszu kfxl f sikmu fkfiazu uml {bsè ub fa l}j`|zixl c|u ulnwbsfsylaobynlau, fae umfu fhuls{fsez umiz sikmu, {mi`l iu slnfiale l}j`|zixl, cljfnl wlswlu|f`!Umlis bcolju ia zb zufuiak umlis umlbsy {fz ub sljbaji`l uml ebjusial umfu ia uml zuful bh Afu|slslz a|`ì|z cljfnl wsbwlsuy umsb|km Bjj|wfajy, {ium uml iahlslajl {mijm umly esl{ hsbnuml Zjsiwu|sf` mizubsy umfu uml Wfusifsjmz eie abu fu hiszu wlsnfalau`y fwwsbwsiful uml zbi`{mijm mfe clla ksfle bxls cy umlis h`bjdz fae mlsez!

Uml ba`y jsiuijizn {mijm jb|è cl eislju`y fwwìle ub uml umlbsy bh C`fjdzubal {b|èjbazizu ia iav|isiak {mlumls uml jisj|nzufajlz {mijm nfdl |w miz wiju|sl bh f wsiniuixlzbjiluy fsl nbsl bs `lzz wsbcfc`l umfa bumls iajielauz {mijm jb|è cl infkiale {ium lv|f`

slfeialzz! W|sz|iak umiz nlumbe bh l}fniafuiba, {l nikmu hfis`y fzd {mlumls uml nfa {mbmfe bjj|wile -C`fjdzubal lxielau`y |zlz umiz {bse {ium iuz bseiafsy Lakìzm nlfaiak) f wfsuij|`fs zwbu bh ksb|ae hbs slzu bs zmfel {b|è cl wlsniuule ub slufia iu {iumb|ueizu|scfajl! Uml jmfajlz z|sl`y fsl umfu miz sikmu ub wbzzlzziba {b|è cl l}fju`y jbl}ulazixl{ium miz wb{ls ub dllw iu, fae umfu ml {b|è cl jbazufau`y ìfc`l ub eizu|scfajl cy uml hiszujbnls {mb jbxlule uml zwbu fae umb|kmu minzl`h zusbak lab|km ub esixl f{fy uml wbzzlzzbs!



679

C|u uml us|um iz umfu f`` z|jm jfxi` fu umlzl wbziuibaz iz wlshlju`y ie`l hsbn uml xlsy cfzl`lzzalzz bh uml wbziuibaz umlnzl`xlz! [mfu nfadiae eie ia uml wsiniuixl zuful nfy abu clf mbwl`lzz z|colju bh iav|isy, c|u bh umlis nbuixlz hbs ebiak iu iu iz inwbzzic`l ub dab{fayumiak! Umlzl zdlujmlz bh uml wìkmu bh m|nfa cliakz ia uml hiszu fklz bh uml {bsè fsllhhljule cy hiszu z|wwbziak nfadiae ub cl eixlzule bh f kslfu wfsu bh uml jisj|nzufajlz cy{mijm umly fsl ab{ z|ssb|aele, fae cy umla fzz|niak umfu, ia uml jbaeiuiba um|z infkiale,umly {b|è wslzlsxl uml zfnl zlauinlauz fae wslo|eijlz cy {mijm umly fsl ab{ fju|fule,― fùmb|km, ia hfju, umlzl zlauinlauz nfy mfxl clla jslfule fae laklaelsle cy umbzl xlsy

jisj|nzufajlz bh {mijm, cy uml mywbumlziz, umly fsl ub cl zusiwwle!Umlsl iz fa fwmbsizn bh Zfxikay {mijm mfz clla zbnluinlz umb|kmu ub jb|aulafajl f

xil{ bh uml bsikia bh wsbwlsuy zbnl{mfu zini`fs ub uml umlbsilz lwiubnizle cy C`fjdzubal!Uml kslfu Klsnfa o|sizu mfz `fie eb{a umfu f`` Wsbwlsuy iz hb|aele ba Fexlszl Wbzzlzzibasiwlale cy Wslzjsiwuiba! Iu iz ba`y {ium slzwlju ub Sbnfa `f{ umfu Zfxikay nfdlz umizzufulnlau, fae clhbsl iu jfa cl h|``y fwwsljifule n|jm `fcb|s n|zu cl l}wlaele ial}w`fiaiak fae elhiaiak uml l}wslzzibaz lnw`byle! Miz nlfaiak {i``, mb{lxls, cl iaeijfule{ium z|hhijilau fjj|sfjy ih {l jbaziels min ub fzzlsu umfu, mb{ hfs zblxls {l jfssy b|s iav|isy iaub uml ielfz bh wsbwlsuy sljlixle fnbak uml Sbnfaz, mb{lxls j`bzl`y {l fwwsbfjm

ia usfjiak umln ub uml iahfajy bh `f{, {l jfa klu ab hfsumls umfa f jbajlwuiba bh b{alszmiwiaxb`xiak uml umsll l`lnlauz ia uml jfaba―Wbzzlzziba, Fexlszlalzz bh Wbzzlzziba, umfu iz, fmbèiak abu wlsnizzixl bs z|cbseiaful, c|u l}j`|zixl fkfiazu uml {bsè, fae Wslzjsiwuiba, bs f wlsibe bh uinl e|siak {mijm uml Fexlszl Wbzzlzziba mfz |aiaulss|wule`y jbauia|le! Iu izl}jlleiak`y wsbcfc`l umfu umiz nf}in nikmu cl la|ajifule {ium nbsl klalsfìuy umfa {fzf``b{le ub iu cy iuz f|umbs, fae umfu ab zb|ae bs zfhl jbaj`|ziba jfa cl `bbdle hbs hsbniaxlzuikfuibaz iaub fay zyzuln bh `f{z {mijm fsl w|zmle hfsumls cfjd umfa uml wbiau fu {mijmumlzl jbnciale ielfz jbazuiu|ul uml abuiba bh wsbwsilufsy sikmu! Nlfauinl, zb hfs hsbn clfsiak b|u uml wbw|`fs umlbsy bh uml bsikia bh wsbwlsuy, Zfxikay’z jfaba iz wfsuij|`fs`y

xf`|fc`l fz eisljuiak b|s fuulauiba ub iuz {lfdlzu wbiau! Ia uml xil{ bh C`fjdzubal fae umbzl{mbn ml hb``b{z, iu {fz uml nbel bh fzz|niak uml l}j`|zixl laobynlau {mijm nyzulsib|z`yfhhljule uml niaez bh uml hfumlsz bh b|s sfjl! C|u uml nyzulsy eblz abu slziel mlsl! Iu iz abu{baelsh|` umfu wsbwlsuy clkfa ia fexlszl wbzzlzziba! Iu iz abu z|swsiziak umfu uml hiszu wsbwsilubs zmb|è mfxl clla uml zusbak nfa fsnle {mb dlwu miz kbbez ia wlfjl! C|u {my iu{fz umfu `fwzl bh uinl jslfule f zlauinlau bh slzwlju hbs miz wbzzlzziba―{mijm iz uml l}fjuzb|sjl bh uml |aixlszf` slxlslajl bh nfadiae hbs umfu {mijm mfz hbs f `bak wlsibe el hfjubl}izule―fsl v|lzuibaz slf``y elzlsxiak uml wsbhb|aelzu l}fniafuiba, c|u `yiak hfs clybaeuml cb|aefsy bh b|s wslzlau iav|isilz!

Clhbsl wbiauiak b|u uml v|fsuls ia {mijm {l nfy mbwl ub k`lfa zbnl iahbsnfuiba,zjfauy fae |ajlsufia fu clzu, jbajlsaiak uml lfs`y mizubsy bh wsbwsilufsy sikmu, I xlau|sl ubzuful ny bwiaiba umfu uml wbw|`fs inwslzziba ia slhlslajl ub uml wfsu w`fyle cy Bjj|wfajy iauml hiszu zufklz bh jixiìzfuiba eislju`y slxlszlz uml us|um! Bjj|wfajy iz uml fexizlefzz|nwuiba bh wmyzijf` wbzzlzziba4 fae uml abuiba umfu fa fju bh umiz elzjsiwuiba jbahlsz fuiu`l ub ‐slza|`ì|z,„ zb hfs hsbn cliak jmfsfjulsizuij bh xlsy lfs`y zbjiluilz, iz ia f``



667

wsbcfciìuy uml ksb{um bh f slhiale o|sizws|elajl fae bh f zluu`le jbaeiuiba bh uml `f{z! Iu izba`y {mla uml sikmuz bh wsbwlsuy mfxl kfiale f zfajuiba hsbn `bak wsfjuijf` iaxib`fciìuy, fae{mla uml xfzu nfobsiuy bh uml bcoljuz bh laobynlau mfxl clla z|coljule ub wsixfulb{alszmiw, umfu nlsl wbzzlzziba iz f``b{le ub iaxlzu uml hiszu wbzzlzzbs {ium ebniaiba bxls jbnnbeiuilz ia {mijm ab wsibs wsbwsilubszmiw mfz clla fzzlsule! Uml zlauinlau ia {mijm umizebjusial bsikiafule iz fczb`|ul`y issljbaji`fc`l {ium umfu iahslv|lajy fae |ajlsufiauy bh wsbwsilufsy sikmuz {mijm eizuiak|izm uml clkiaaiakz bh jixiìzfuiba! Iuz us|l cfziz zllnz ub cl,abu fa iazuiajuixl cifz ub{fsez uml iazuiu|uiba bh Wsbwlsuy, c|u f wslz|nwuiba, fsiziak b|u bh

uml `bak jbauia|fajl bh umfu iazuiu|uiba, umfu lxlsyumiak b|kmu ub mfxl fa b{als! [mla wbzzlzziba iz ufdla bh f ‐slz a|`ì|z,„ umfu iz, bh fa bcolju {mijm iz abu, bs mfz alxls clla,sle|jle ub ebniaiba, uml wbzzlzzbs iz wlsniuule ub cljbnl wsbwsilubs hsbn f hllìak umfu f``xf`|fc`l umiakz fsl afu|sf``y uml z|coljuz bh fa l}j`|zixl laobynlau, fae umfu ia uml kixlajfzl umlsl iz ab bal ub iaxlzu {ium uml sikmu bh wsbwlsuy l}jlwu uml Bjj|wfau! Uml Bjj|wfau,ia zmbsu, cljbnlz uml b{als, cljf|zl f`` umiakz fsl wslz|nle ub cl zbnlcbey’z wsbwlsuy fae cljf|zl ab bal jfa cl wbiaule b|u fz mfxiak f cluuls sikmu umfa ml ub uml wsbwsilubszmiw bh umiz wfsuij|`fs umiak!

Lxla {lsl umlsl ab bumls bcoljuiba ub uml elzjsiwuibaz bh nfadiae ia umlis afu|sf` zuful

{mijm {l mfxl clla eizj|zziak, umlsl iz bal wfsuij|`fs ia {mijm umly fsl hfuf``y fu xfsifajl{ium uml f|umlauij lxielajl wbzzlzzle cy |z! Iu {i`` cl bczlsxle, umfu uml fjuz fae nbuixlz{mijm umlzl umlbsilz z|wwbzl fsl uml fjuz fae nbuixlz bh Iaeixie|f`z! Iu iz lfjm Iaeixie|f`{mb hbs minzl`h z|czjsiclz uml Zbjif` Jbnwfju! Iu iz zbnl zmihuiak zfaecfad ia {mijm umlksfiaz fsl Iaeixie|f` nla, umfu fjjbseiak ub uml umlbsy bh Mbcclz iz mfselale iaub uml zbjif`sbjd cy uml {mb`lzbnl eizjiwìal bh hbsjl! Iu iz fa Iaeixie|f` {mb, ia uml wiju|sl esf{a cyC`fjdzubal, ‐iz ia uml bjj|wfuiba bh f elulsniale zwbu bh ksb|ae hbs slzu, hbs zmfel, bs umlìdl!„ Uml xijl iz bal {mijm aljlzzfsi`y fhhìjuz f`` uml umlbsilz elzjlaele hsbn uml Afu|sf`@f{ bh uml Sbnfaz, {mijm eihhlsle wsiajiwf``y hsbn umlis Jixi` @f{ ia uml fjjb|au {mijm iu

ubbd bh Iaeixie|f`z, fae {mijm mfz slaelsle wsljizl`y iuz kslfulzu zlsxijl ub jixiìzfuiba ialahsfajmiziak uml iaeixie|f` hsbn uml f|umbsiuy bh fsjmfij zbjiluy! C|u Fajilau @f{, iu n|zufkfia cl slwlfule, dab{z al}u ub abumiak bh Iaeixie|f`z! Iu iz jbajlsale abu {ium Iaeixie|f`z, c|u {ium Hfniìlz, abu {ium ziak`l m|nfa cliakz, c|u ksb|wz! Lxla {mla uml `f{ bh uml Zufulmfz z|jjllele ia wlsnlfuiak uml znf`` jisj`lz bh diaesle iaub {mijm iu mfe bsikiaf``y abnlfaz bh wlalusfuiak, uml xil{ iu ufdlz bh Iaeixie|f`z iz j|sib|z`y eihhlslau hsbn umfu ufdla cy o|sizws|elajl ia iuz nfu|slzu zufkl! Uml ìhl bh lfjm jiuila iz abu slkfsele fz ìniule cy cisum fae elfum4 iu iz c|u f jbauia|fuiba bh uml l}izulajl bh miz hbslhfumlsz, fae iu {i`` cl wsb`bakle ia uml l}izulajl bh miz elzjlaefauz!

Uml Sbnfa eizuiajuiba clu{lla uml @f{ bh Wlszbaz fae uml @f{ bh Umiakz, {mijmumb|km l}uslnl`y jbaxlailau iz lauisl`y fsuihijif`, mfz lxielau`y ebal n|jm ub eixlsu iav|isyba uml z|colju clhbsl |z hsbn uml us|l eisljuiba! Uml `lzzbaz `lfsale ia eizj|zziak uml O|zWlszbafs|n mfxl clla hbskbuula {mlsl uml O|z Sls|n iz slfjmle, fae Wsbwlsuy, Jbausfju,fae Elìju, mfxl clla jbazielsle fz ih ab miauz jbajlsaiak umlis bsikiaf` afu|sl {lsl ub clkfiale hsbn uml hfjuz fzjlsufiale slzwljuiak uml bsikiaf` jbaeiuiba bh Wlszbaz! Uml h|uiìuy bh



666

umiz nlumbe {b|è cl nfaihlzu ih f zyzuln bh w|sl fsjmfij `f{ jb|è cl csb|kmu clhbsl |z,fae ih uml l}wlsinlau jb|è cl usile bh fww`yiak ub iu uml Sbnfa j`fzzihijfuibaz! Iu {b|èzbba cl zlla umfu uml zlwfsfuiba bh uml @f{ bh Wlszbaz hsbn umfu bh Umiakz mfz ab nlfaiakia uml iahfajy bh `f{, umfu uml s|`lz cl`bakiak ub uml u{b elwfsunlauz fsl ial}usijfc`yniak`le ubklumls, fae umfu uml eizuiajuibaz bh uml `fuls o|sizuz fsl fwwsbwsiful ba`y ub uml `fuls o|sizws|elajl! Hsbn {mfu mfz clla zfie ia uml lfsìls wbsuibaz bh umiz uslfuizl, iu {i`` clkfumlsle umfu umlsl iz f zusbak ç wsibsi inwsbcfciìuy bh b|s bcufiaiak fay j`|l ub uml lfs`ymizubsy bh wsbwlsuy, ih {l jbahial b|s abuijl ub uml wsbwsilufsy sikmuz bh iaeixie|f`z! Iu iz

nbsl umfa ìdl`y umfu obiau.b{alszmiw, fae abu zlwfsful b{alszmiw, iz uml slf``y fsjmfijiazuiu|uiba, fae umfu uml hbsnz bh wsbwlsuy {mijm {i`` fhhbse |z iazus|juiba {i`` cl umbzl{mijm fsl fzzbjifule {ium uml sikmuz bh hfniìlz fae bh ksb|wz bh diaesle! Uml Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl {i`` abu mlsl fzzizu ia laìkmulaiak |z, hbs iu iz l}fju`y uml Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl {mijm, usfazhbsnle cy uml umlbsy bh Afu|sf` @f{, mfz clv|lfumle ub umlnbelsaz uml inwslzziba umfu iaeixie|f` b{alszmiw iz uml absnf` zuful bh wsbwsilufsy sikmu,fae umfu b{alszmiw ia jbnnba cy ksb|wz bh nla iz ba`y uml l}jlwuiba ub f klalsf` s|`l!Umlsl iz, mb{lxls, bal jbnn|aiuy {mijm {i`` f`{fyz cl jfslh|``y l}fniale cy uml iav|isls {mb iz ia v|lzu bh fay `bzu iazuiu|uiba bh wsinlxf` zbjiluy! Mb{ hfs zblxls fay z|jmiazuiu|uiba nfy mfxl |aelskbal jmfakl fnbak uml csfajm bh uml Iaeb.L|sbwlfa hfni`y

{mijm mfz clla zluu`le hbs fklz ia Iaeif, iu {i`` zlèbn cl hb|ae ub mfxl lauisl`y jfzu fzieluml zml`` ia {mijm iu {fz bsikiaf``y slfsle! Iu mfwwlaz umfu, fnbak uml Miaebbz, {l eb hiae fhbsn bh b{alszmiw {mijm b|kmu fu bajl ub sixlu b|s fuulauiba hsbn iuz l}fju`y hiuuiak ia {iumuml ielfz {mijm b|s zu|eilz ia uml @f{ bh Wlszbaz {b|è `lfe |z ub laulsufia slzwljuiak umlbsikiaf` jbaeiuiba bh wsbwlsuy! Uml Xi``fkl Jbnn|aiuy bh Iaeif iz fu bajl fa bskfaizle wfusifsjmf` zbjiluy fae fa fzzlnc`fkl bh jb.wsbwsilubsz! Uml wlszbaf` sl`fuibaz ub lfjm bumls bh uml nla {mb jbnwbzl iu fsl iaeizuiak|izmfc`y jbahb|aele {ium umlis wsbwsilufsy sikmuz,fae ub uml fuulnwuz bh Lakìzm h|ajuibafsilz ub zlwfsful uml u{b nfy cl fzzikale zbnl bh umlnbzu hbsniefc`l nizjfssifklz bh Fak`b.Iaeifa feniaizusfuiba! Uml Xi``fkl Jbnn|aiuy iz

dab{a ub cl bh innlazl fauiv|iuy! Ia {mfulxls eisljuiba slzlfsjm mfz clla w|zmle iaubIaeifa mizubsy, klalsf` bs `bjf`, iu mfz f`{fyz hb|ae uml Jbnn|aiuy ia l}izulajl fu umlhfsumlzu wbiau bh iuz wsbkslzz! F kslfu a|ncls bh iaul`ìklau fae bczlsxfau {siulsz, nbzu bh {mbn mfe ab umlbsy bh fay zbsu ub z|wwbsu jbajlsaiak iuz afu|sl fae bsikia, fksll iajbazielsiak iu uml `lfzu elzus|juic`l iazuiu|uiba bh f zbjiluy {mijm alxls {i`ìak`y z|sslaelszfay bal bh iuz |zfklz ub iaabxfuiba! Jbav|lzuz fae slxb`|uibaz zlln ub mfxl z{lwu bxls iu{iumb|u eizu|sciak bs eizw`fjiak iu, fae uml nbzu clalhijlau zyzulnz bh kbxlsanlau ia Iaeifmfxl f`{fyz clla umbzl {mijm mfxl sljbkaizle iu fz uml cfziz bh feniaizusfuiba!

Uml nfu|sl Sbnfa `f{, fae nbelsa o|sizws|elajl hb``b{iak ia iuz {fdl, `bbd |wba

jb.b{alszmiw fz fa l}jlwuibaf` fae nbnlaufsy jbaeiuiba bh uml sikmuz bh wsbwlsuy! Umizxil{ iz j`lfs`y iaeijfule ia uml nf}in {mijm bcufiaz |aixlszf``y ia [lzulsa L|sbwl, Alnbia jbnn|aibal wbulzu iaxiu|z eluialsi -‐Ab bal jfa cl dlwu ia jb.wsbwsilubszmiw fkfiazu miz{i``„)! C|u ia Iaeif umiz bsels bh ielfz iz slxlszle, fae iu nfy cl zfie umfu zlwfsful wsbwsilubszmiw iz f`{fyz ba iuz {fy ub cljbnl wsbwsilubszmiw ia jbnnba! Uml wsbjlzz mfz clla fexlsule ub f`slfey! Fz zbba fz f zba iz cbsa, ml fjv|islz f xlzule iaulslzu ia miz



663

hfumls’z z|czufajl, fae ba fuufiaiak ylfsz bh eizjsluiba ml iz lxla, ia jlsufia jbauiaklajilz, wlsniuule cy uml `luuls bh uml `f{ ub jf`` hbs f wfsuiuiba bh uml hfni`y lzuful! Fz f hfju,mb{lxls, f eixiziba sfsl`y ufdlz w`fjl lxla fu uml elfum bh uml hfumls, fae uml wsbwlsuyjbazufau`y slnfiaz |aeixiele hbs zlxlsf` klalsfuibaz, umb|km lxlsy nlncls bh lxlsyklalsfuiba mfz f `lkf` sikmu ub fa |aeixiele zmfsl ia iu! Uml ebnfia um|z mlè ia jbnnba izzbnluinlz feniaizulsle cy fa l`ljule nfafkls, c|u nbsl klalsf``y, fae ia zbnl wsbxiajlzf`{fyz, iu iz nfafkle cy uml lèlzu fkaful, cy uml lèlzu slwslzlaufuixl bh uml lèlzu ìal bh uml zubjd! Z|jm fa fzzlnc`fkl bh obiau wsbwsilubsz, f cbey bh diaesle mbèiak f ebnfia ia

jbnnba, iz uml zinw`lzu hbsn bh fa Iaeifa Xi``fkl Jbnn|aiuy, c|u uml Jbnn|aiuy iz nbslumfa f csbumlsmbbe bh sl`fuixlz fae nbsl umfa fa fzzbjifuiba bh wfsualsz! Iu iz fa bskfaizlezbjiluy, fae clzielz wsbxieiak hbs uml nfafklnlau bh uml jbnnba h|ae, iu zlèbn hfi`z ub wsbxiel, cy f jbnw`lul zufhh bh h|ajuibafsilz, hbs iaulsaf` kbxlsanlau, hbs wbìjl, hbs umlfeniaizusfuiba bh o|zuijl, fae hbs uml fwwbsuibanlau bh uf}lz fae w|cìj e|uilz!

Uml wsbjlzz {mijm I mfxl elzjsicle fz umfu |aels {mijm f Xi``fkl Jbnn|aiuy izhbsnle, nfy cl slkfsele fz uywijf`! Ylu iu iz abu ub cl z|wwbzle umfu lxlsy Xi``fklJbnn|aiuy ia Iaeif esl{ ubklumls ia zb zinw`l f nfaals! Fùmb|km, ia uml Absum bh Iaeif,uml fsjmixlz, fz I fn iahbsnle, f`nbzu iaxfsifc`y zmb{ umfu uml Jbnn|aiuy {fz hb|aele cy

f ziak`l fzzlnc`fkl bh c`bbe.sl`fuibaz, umly f`zb z|ww`y iahbsnfuiba umfu nla bh fìlal}usfjuiba mfxl f`{fyz, hsbn uinl ub uinl, clla laksfhule ba iu, fae f nlsl w|sjmfzls bh fzmfsl nfy klalsf``y, |aels jlsufia jbaeiuibaz, cl feniuule ub uml csbumlsmbbe! Ia uml Zb|umbh uml Wlaiaz|`f umlsl fsl bhula Jbnn|aiuilz {mijm fwwlfs ub mfxl zws|ak abu hsbn bal c|uhsbn u{b bs nbsl hfniìlz4 fae umlsl fsl zbnl {mbzl jbnwbziuiba iz dab{a ub cl lauisl`yfsuihijif`, iaelle, uml bjjfzibaf` fkkslkfuiba bh nla bh eihhlslau jfzulz ia uml zfnl zbjiluy izhfuf` ub uml mywbumlziz bh f jbnnba elzjlau! Ylu ia f`` umlzl csbumlsmbbez liumls uml usfeiuibaiz wslzlsxle, bs uml fzz|nwuiba nfel, bh fa bsikiaf` jbnnba wfslaufkl! Nb|auzu|fsuL`wmiazubal, {mb {siulz nbsl wfsuij|`fs`y bh uml Zb|umlsa Xi``fkl Jbnn|aiuilz, bczlsxlz bh

umln - Mizubsy bh Iaeif, w! ;6, 697< lea!)? ‐Uml wbw|`fs abuiba iz umfu uml Xi``fkl `faembèlszfsl f`` elzjlaele hsbn bal bs nbsl iaeixie|f`z {mb zluu`le uml Xi``fkl4 fae umfu uml ba`yl}jlwuibaz fsl hbsnle cy wlszbaz {mb mfxl elsixle umlis sikmuz cy w|sjmfzl bs bumls{izlhsbn nlnclsz bh uml bsikiaf` zubjd! Uml z|wwbziuiba iz jbahisnle cy uml hfju umfu, ub umizefy, umlsl fsl ba`y ziak`l hfniìlz bh `faembèlsz ia znf`` xi``fklz fae abu nfay ia `fsklbalz4 c|u lfjm mfz csfajmle b|u iaub zb nfay nlnclsz umfu iu iz abu |ajbnnba hbs uml{mb`l fksij|ù|sf` `fcb|s ub cl ebal cy uml `faembèlsz, {iumb|u uml fie liumls bh ulafauz bs bh `fcb|slsz! Uml sikmuz bh uml `faembèlsz fsl umlisz jb``ljuixl`y, fae, umb|km umly f`nbzuf`{fyz mfxl f nbsl bs `lzz wlshlju wfsuiuiba bh umln, umly alxls mfxl fa lauisl zlwfsfuiba! F`faembèls, hbs iazufajl, jfa zl`` bs nbsukfkl miz sikmuz4 c|u ml n|zu hiszu mfxl uml jbazlau bh

uml Xi``fkl, fae uml w|sjmfzls zulwz l}fju`y iaub miz w`fjl fae ufdlz |w f`` miz bcìkfuibaz! Ih f hfni`y cljbnlz l}uiaju, iuz zmfsl slu|saz ub uml jbnnba zubjd!„

Zbnl jbazielsfuibaz {mijm mfxl clla bhhlsle ia uml hihum jmfwuls bh umiz xb`|nl {i``fzzizu uml slfels, I us|zu, ia fwwsljifuiak uml zikaihijfajl bh L`wmiazubal’z `fak|fkl! Abiazuiu|uiba bh uml wsiniuixl {bsè iz ìdl`y ub mfxl clla wslzlsxle ub b|s efy, |a`lzz iu mfz



66:

fjv|isle fa l`fzuijiuy hbslika ub iuz bsikiaf` afu|sl umsb|km zbnl xixihyiak `lkf` hijuiba! UmlXi``fkl Jbnn|aiuy umla iz abu aljlzzfsi`y fa fzzlnc`fkl bh c`bbe.sl`fuibaz, c|u iu iz liumls z|jm fa fzzlnc`fkl bs f cbey bh jb.wsbwsilubsz hbsnle ba uml nbel` bh fa fzzbjifuiba bh diaznla! Uml uywl {ium {mijm iu zmb|è cl jbnwfsle iz lxielau`y abu uml Sbnfa Hfni`y, c|uuml Sbnfa Klaz bs Mb|zl! Uml Klaz {fz f`zb f ksb|w ba uml nbel` bh uml hfni`y4 iu {fz umlhfni`y l}ulaele cy f xfsiluy bh hijuibaz bh {mijm uml l}fju afu|sl {fz `bzu ia fauiv|iuy! Iamizubsijf` uinlz, iuz `lfeiak jmfsfjulsizuijz {lsl uml xlsy u{b {mijm L`wmiazubal slnfsdz iauml Xi``fkl Jbnn|aiuy! Umlsl {fz f`{fyz uml fzz|nwuiba bh f jbnnba bsikia, fa

fzz|nwuiba zbnluinlz abubsib|z`y fu xfsifajl {ium hfju4 fae, ub slwlfu uml mizubsifa’z {bsez,‐ih f hfni`y cljfnl l}uiaju, iuz zmfsl slu|sale ub uml jbnnba zubjd!„ Ia bè Sbnfa `f{,|aj`finle iamlsiufajlz lzjmlfule ub uml Klaui`lz! Iu iz h|sumls z|zwljule cy f`` {mb mfxll}fniale umlis mizubsy umfu uml Jbnn|aiuilz, ìdl uml Klaulz, mfxl clla xlsy klalsf``yfe|ùlsfule cy uml fenizziba bh zusfaklsz, c|u uml l}fju nbel bh fczbswuiba jfaabu ab{ clfzjlsufiale! Fu wslzlau, umly fsl sljs|iule, fz L`wmiazubal ul``z |z, cy uml fenizziba bh w|sjmfzlsz, {ium uml jbazlau bh uml csbumlsmbbe! Uml fjv|iziuiba bh uml febwule nlncls iz,mb{lxls, bh uml afu|sl bh f |aixlszf` z|jjlzziba4 ubklumls {ium uml zmfsl ml mfz cb|kmu, mlz|jjllez ub uml ìfciìuilz {mijm uml xlaebs mfe iaj|ssle ub{fsez uml fkkslkful ksb|w! Ml izfa Lnwubs Hfniìè, fae iamlsiuz uml `lkf` j`bumiak bh uml wlszba {mbzl w`fjl ml clkiaz ub

hi``! Uml jbazlau bh uml {mb`l csbumlsmbbe slv|isle hbs miz fenizziba nfy slniae |z bh umljbazlau {mijm uml Jbniuif J|sifuf, uml Wfsìfnlau bh umfu `fskls csbumlsmbbe bh zl`h.zuy`lediaznla, uml fajilau Sbnfa jbnnba{lfùm, zb zusla|b|z`y iazizule ba fz lzzlauif` ub uml`lkfìzfuiba bh fa Febwuiba bs uml jbahisnfuiba bh f [i``!

Uml ubdlaz bh fa l}uslnl fauiv|iuy fsl eizjbxlsfc`l ia f`nbzu lxlsy ziak`l hlfu|sl bh uml Iaeifa Xi``fkl Jbnn|aiuilz! [l mfxl zb nfay iaelwlaelau slfzbaz hbs z|zwljuiak umfuuml iahfajy bh `f{ iz eizuiak|izmle cy uml wslxf`lajl bh jb.b{alszmiw, cy uml iaulsni}u|sl bh wlszbaf` {ium wsbwsilufsy sikmuz, fae cy uml jbah|ziba bh w|cìj {ium wsixful e|uilz, umfu {l

zmb|è cl o|zuihile ia ele|jiak nfay inwbsufau jbaj`|zibaz hsbn b|s bczlsxfuiba bh umlzl wsbwsilufsy csbumlsmbbez, lxla ih ab zini`fs`y jbnwb|aele zbjiluilz jb|è cl eluljule iafay bumls wfsu bh uml {bsè! Iu mfwwlaz, mb{lxls, umfu n|jm lfsalzu j|sibziuy mfz clla xlsysljlau`y fuusfjule ub f zini`fs zlu bh wmlabnlaf ia umbzl wfsuz bh L|sbwl {mijm mfxl cllanbzu zìkmu`y fhhljule cy uml hl|ef` usfazhbsnfuiba bh wsbwlsuy, fae {mijm ia nfay inwbsufau wfsuij|`fsz mfxl fz j`bzl fa fhhiaiuy {ium uml Lfzulsa fz {ium uml [lzulsa {bsè! Umlslzlfsjmlz bh N! el Mf}umf|zla, N! Ulakbcbszdi, fae bumlsz, mfxl zmb{a |z umfu umlS|zzifa xi``fklz fsl abu hbsu|iub|z fzzlnc`fklz bh nla, abs fsl umly |aibaz hb|aele bajbausfju4 umly fsl afu|sf``y bskfaizle jbnn|aiuilz ìdl umbzl bh Iaeif! Iu iz us|l umfu umlzlxi``fklz fsl f`{fyz ia umlbsy uml wfusinbay bh zbnl abc`l wsbwsilubs, fae uml wlfzfauz mfxl

{iumia mizubsijf` uinlz clla jbaxlsule iaub uml wsleif`, fae ub f kslfu l}ulau iaub uml wlszbaf`, zlshz bh uml zlikaibs! C|u uml wslzz|sl bh umiz z|wlsibs b{alszmiw mfz alxls js|zmleuml fajilau bskfaizfuiba bh uml xi``fkl, fae iu iz wsbcfc`l umfu uml lafjunlau bh uml Jfs bh S|zzif, {mb iz z|wwbzle ub mfxl iausbe|jle zlshebn, {fz slf``y iaulaele ub wslxlau uml wlfzfauz hsbn fcfaebaiak umfu jb.bwlsfuiba {iumb|u {mijm uml bè zbjif` bsels jb|è abu`bak cl nfiaufiale! Ia uml fzz|nwuiba bh fa fkafuij jbaaljuiba clu{lla uml xi``fklsz, ia uml



665

c`laeiak bh wlszbaf` sikmuz {ium wsixi`lklz bh b{alszmiw, fae ia f xfsiluy bh zwbaufalb|z wsbxizibaz hbs iaulsaf` feniaizusfuiba, uml S|zzifa xi``fkl fwwlfsz ub cl f alfs`y l}fjuslwluiuiba bh uml Iaeifa Jbnn|aiuy4 c|u umlsl iz bal inwbsufau eihhlslajl {mijm {l abul{ium uml kslfulzu iaulslzu! Uml jb.b{alsz bh fa Iaeifa xi``fkl, umb|km umlis wsbwlsuy iz c`laele, mfxl umlis sikmuz eizuiaju, fae umiz zlwfsfuiba bh sikmuz iz jbnw`lul fae jbauia|lziaelhiaiul`y! Uml zlxlsfajl bh sikmuz iz f`zb umlbsluijf``y jbnw`lul ia f S|zzifa xi``fkl, c|uumlsl iu iz ba`y ulnwbsfsy! Fhuls uml l}wisfuiba bh f kixla, c|u abu ia f`` jfzlz bh uml zfnl, wlsibe, zlwfsful b{alszmiwz fsl l}uiak|izmle, uml `fae bh uml xi``fkl iz umsb{a iaub f nfzz,

fae umla iu iz sl.eizusic|ule fnbak uml hfniìlz jbnwbziak uml jbnn|aiuy, fjjbseiak ub umlis a|ncls! Umiz slwfsuiuiba mfxiak clla lhhljule, uml sikmuz bh hfniìlz fae bh iaeixie|f`z fslfkfia f``b{le ub csfajm b|u iaub xfsib|z ìalz, {mijm umly jbauia|l ub hb``b{ ui`` fabumls wlsibe bh eixiziba jbnlz sb|ae! Fa lxla nbsl j|sib|z xfsifuiba hsbn umiz uywl bh b{alszmiwbjj|sz ia zbnl bh umbzl jb|ausilz {mijm `bak hbsnle f elcfulfc`l `fae clu{lla uml U|sdizmLnwisl fae uml wbzzlzzibaz bh uml Mb|zl bh F|zusif! Ia Zlsxif, ia Jsbfuif, fae uml F|zusifaZj`fxbaif, uml xi``fklz fsl f`zb csbumlsmbbez bh wlszbaz {mb fsl fu bajl jb.b{alsz faediaznla4 c|u umlsl uml iaulsaf` fssfaklnlauz bh uml jbnn|aiuy eihhls hsbn umbzl fexlsule ubia uml `fzu u{b l}fnw`lz! Uml z|czufajl bh uml jbnnba wsbwlsuy iz ia umiz jfzl aliumls eixiele ia wsfjuijl abs jbazielsle ia umlbsy fz eixizic`l, c|u uml lauisl `fae iz j|ùixfule cy

uml jbnciale `fcb|s bh f`` uml xi``fklsz, fae uml wsbe|jl iz faa|f``y eizusic|ule fnbak umlmb|zlmbèz, zbnluinlz fjjbseiak ub umlis z|wwbzle {fauz, zbnluinlz fjjbseiak ub s|`lz{mijm kixl ub wfsuij|`fs wlszbaz f hi}le zmfsl bh uml |z|hs|ju! F`` umlzl wsfjuijlz fsl usfjle cy uml o|sizuz bh uml Lfzu bh L|sbwl ub f wsiajiw`l {mijm iz fzzlsule ub cl hb|ae ia uml lfsìlzuZj`fxbaifa `f{z, uml wsiajiw`l umfu uml wsbwlsuy bh hfniìlz jfaabu cl eixiele hbs f wlswlu|iuy!

Uml kslfu iaulslzu bh umlzl wmlabnlaf ia fa iav|isy ìdl uml wslzlau fsizlz hsbn umlìkmu umly umsb{ ba uml elxl`bwnlau bh eizuiaju wsbwsilufsy sikmuz iaziel uml ksb|wz cy {mijm

wsbwlsuy zllnz ub mfxl clla bsikiaf``y mlè! [l mfxl uml zusbaklzu slfzba hbs umiadiak umfu wsbwlsuy bajl cl`bakle abu ub iaeixie|f`z abs lxla ub izb`fule hfniìlz, c|u ub `fskls zbjiluilz jbnwbzle ba uml wfusifsjmf` nbel`4 c|u uml nbel bh usfaziuiba hsbn fajilau ubnbelsa b{alszmiwz, bczj|sl fu clzu, {b|è mfxl clla iahiaiul`y bczj|sls ih zlxlsfèizuiak|izmfc`l hbsnz bh Xi``fkl Jbnn|aiuilz mfe abu clla eizjbxlsle fae l}fniale! Iu iz{bsum {mi`l ub fuulae ub uml xfsiluilz bh iaulsaf` fssfaklnlau {iumia uml wfusifsjmf` ksb|wz{mijm fsl, bs {lsl ui`` sljlau`y, bczlsxfc`l fnbak sfjlz bh Iaeb.L|sbwlfa c`bbe! Uml jmilhzbh uml s|els Mikm`fae j`faz |zle, iu iz zfie, ub eb`l b|u hbbe ub uml mlfez bh uml mb|zlmbèz|aels umlis o|sizeijuiba fu uml xlsy zmbsulzu iaulsxf`z, fae zbnluinlz efy cy efy! F wlsibeijfèizusic|uiba iz f`zb nfel ub uml Zj`fxbaifa xi``fklsz bh uml F|zusifa fae U|sdizm wsbxiajlz

cy uml lèlsz bh umlis cbey, c|u umla iu iz f eizusic|uiba bajl hbs f`` bh uml ubuf` wsbe|jl bh umlylfs! Ia uml S|zzifa xi``fklz, mb{lxls, uml z|czufajl bh uml wsbwlsuy jlfzlz ub cl `bbdle|wba fz iaeixizic`l, fae zlwfsful wsbwsilufsy j`finz fsl f``b{le hsll`y ub ksb{ |w, c|u umlauml wsbkslzz bh zlwfsfuiba iz wlslnwubsi`y fsslzule fhuls iu mfz jbauia|le f jlsufia uinl! IaIaeif, abu ba`y iz umlsl ab iaeixiziciìuy bh uml jbnnba h|ae, c|u zlwfsful wsbwsilubszmiw ia wfsuz bh iu nfy cl iaelhiaiul`y wsb`bakle fae nfy csfajm b|u iaub fay a|ncls bh elsixfuixl



66<

b{alszmiwz, uml el hfjub wfsuiuiba bh uml zubjd cliak, mb{lxls, jmljdle cy iaxlulsful |zfkl,fae cy uml s|`l fkfiazu uml fenizziba bh zusfaklsz {iumb|u uml jbazlau bh uml csbumlsmbbe! Iuiz abu bh jb|szl iaulaele ub iazizu umfu umlzl eihhlslau hbsnz bh uml Xi``fkl Jbnn|aiuyslwslzlau eizuiaju zufklz ia f wsbjlzz bh usfazn|ufuiba {mijm mfz clla lxlsy{mlslfjjbnwìzmle ia uml zfnl nfaals! C|u, umb|km uml lxielajl eblz abu {fssfau b|s kbiak zbhfs fz umiz, iu slaelsz `lzz wslz|nwu|b|z uml jbaolju|sl umfu wsixful wsbwlsuy, ia uml zmfwl ia{mijm {l dab{ iu, {fz jmilh`y hbsnle cy uml ksfe|f` eizlaufak`lnlau bh uml zlwfsful sikmuzbh iaeixie|f`z hsbn uml c`laele sikmuz bh f jbnn|aiuy! B|s zu|eilz ia uml @f{ bh Wlszbaz

zllnle ub zmb{ |z uml Hfni`y l}wfaeiak iaub uml Fkafuij ksb|w bh diaznla, umla umlFkafuij ksb|w eizzb`xiak iaub zlwfsful mb|zlmbèz4 `fzu`y, uml mb|zlmbè z|ww`faule cy umliaeixie|f`4 fae iu iz ab{ z|kklzule umfu lfjm zulw ia uml jmfakl jbsslzwbaez ub fa faf`bkb|zfùlsfuiba ia uml afu|sl bh B{alszmiw! Ih umlsl cl fay us|um ia uml z|kklzuiba, iu iz ub clbczlsxle umfu iu nfulsif``y fhhljuz uml wsbc`ln {mijm umlbsizuz ba uml bsikia bh Wsbwlsuy mfxlklalsf``y wsbwbzle ub umlnzl`xlz Uml v|lzuiba―wlsmfwz fa iazb`|c`l bal―{mijm umly mfxlnbzu`y fkiufule iz, {mfu {lsl uml nbuixlz {mijm hiszu iae|jle nla ub slzwlju lfjm bumls’z wbzzlzzibaz2 Iu nfy zui`` cl w|u, {iumb|u n|jm mbwl bh hiaeiak fa faz{ls ub iu, ia uml hbsn bh fa iav|isy iaub uml slfzbaz {mijm `le bal jbnwbziul ksb|w ub dllw f`bbh hsbn uml ebnfia bh fabumls! C|u, ih iu cl us|l umfu hfs uml nbzu inwbsufau wfzzfkl ia uml mizubsy bh Wsixful

Wsbwlsuy iz iuz ksfe|f` zlwfsfuiba hsbn uml jb.b{alszmiw bh diaznla, umla uml kslfu wbiau bh iav|isy iz ielauijf` {ium umfu {mijm ìlz ba uml umslzmbè bh f`` mizubsijf` `f{―{mfu {lsl umlnbuixlz {mijm bsikiaf``y wsbnwule nla ub mbè ubklumls ia uml hfni`y |aiba2 Ub z|jm fv|lzuiba, O|sizws|elajl, |afzzizule cy bumls zjilajlz, iz abu jbnwlulau ub kixl f slw`y! Umlhfju jfa ba`y cl abule!

Uml |aeixiele zuful bh wsbwlsuy ia fajilau zbjiluilz iz jbazizulau {ium f wlj|ìfs zmfswalzz bh eixiziba, {mijm zmb{z iuzl`h fz zbba fz fay ziak`l zmfsl iz jbnw`lul`y zlwfsfulehsbn uml wfusinbay bh uml ksb|w! Umiz wmlabnlaba zwsiakz, eb|cu`lzz, hsbn uml

jisj|nzufajl umfu uml wsbwlsuy iz z|wwbzle ub cljbnl uml ebnfia bh f al{ ksb|w, zb umfu fayelfìak {ium iu, ia iuz eixiele zuful, iz f usfazfjuiba clu{lla u{b mikm`y jbnw`l} cbeilz! Imfxl f`slfey jbnwfsle Fajilau @f{ ub Nbelsa Iaulsafuibaf` @f{, ia slzwlju bh uml zil bh uml jbswbsful fzzbjifuibaz, {mbzl sikmuz fae e|uilz iu zluu`lz! Fz uml jbausfjuz faejbaxlyfajlz dab{a ub fajilau `f{ fsl jbausfjuz fae jbaxlyfajlz ub {mijm abu ziak`liaeixie|f`z, c|u bskfaizle jbnwfailz bh nla, fsl wfsuilz, umly fsl ia uml mikmlzu elkslljlslnbaib|z4 umly slv|isl f xfsiluy bh zyncbìjf` fjuz fae {bsez iaulaele ub inwslzz uml c|zialzz ba uml nlnbsy bh f`` {mb ufdl wfsu ia iu4 fae umly elnfae uml wslzlajl bh faiabseiaful a|ncls bh {iualzzlz! Hsbn umlzl wlj|ìfsiuilz, fae bumlsz f`ìle ub umln, zwsiakzuml |aixlszf``y |anf``lfc`l jmfsfjuls bh uml fajilau hbsnz bh wsbwlsuy! Zbnluinlz uml

wfusinbay bh uml hfni`y iz fczb`|ul`y iafìlafc`l, fz {fz uml jfzl {ium uml Zj`fxbaifaz, faezui`` bhulals, umb|km fìlafuibaz nfy abu cl lauisl`y i``lkiuinful, umly fsl xisu|f``yinwsfjuijfc`l, fz fnbak nbzu bh uml Klsnfaij usiclz, hsbn uml aljlzziuy bh mfxiak umljbazlau bh f `fskl a|ncls bh wlszbaz ub uml usfazhls! [mlsl umlzl inwleinlauz eb abu l}izu,bs jfa cl z|snb|aule, uml fju bh jbaxlyfajl iuzl`h iz klalsf``y c|selale {ium f wlshlju `bfebh jlslnbay, ia {mijm abu bal ibuf jfa cl zfhl`y alk`ljule! Fajilau `f{ |aihbsn`y slh|zlz ub



668

eizwlazl {ium f ziak`l klzu|sl, mb{lxls ksbulzv|l4 {ium f ziak`l zy``fc`l, mb{lxls iuznlfaiak nfy mfxl clla hbskbuula4 {ium f ziak`l {iualzz, mb{lxls z|wlsh`|b|z nfy cl mizulzuinbay! Uml lauisl zb`lnaiuilz n|zu cl zjs|w|`b|z`y jbnw`lule cy wlszbaz lkf``y lauiu`leub ufdl wfsu ia iu, bs l`zl uml jbaxlyfajl iz a|``, fae uml zl``ls iz sl.lzufcìzmle ia uml sikmuzbh {mijm ml mfe xfia`y fuulnwule ub eixlzu minzl`h!

Umlzl xfsib|z bczufj`lz ub uml hsll jisj|`fuiba bh uml bcoljuz bh |zl fae laobynlau, clkia bh jb|szl ub nfdl umlnzl`xlz hlù fz zbba fz zbjiluy mfz fjv|isle lxla f zìkmu elksll

bh fjuixiuy, fae uml l}wleilauz cy {mijm fexfajiak jbnn|aiuilz laelfxb|s ub bxlsjbnlumln hbsn uml zufw`l bh uml mizubsy bh Wsbwlsuy! Bh z|jm l}wleilauz umlsl iz bal {mijm ufdlz wsljlelajl bh uml slzu hsbn iuz fauiv|iuy fae |aixlszfìuy! Uml ielf zllnz ub mfxlzwbaufalb|z`y z|kklzule iuzl`h ub f kslfu a|ncls bh lfs`y zbjiluilz, ub j`fzzihy wsbwlsuy iaubdiaez! Bal diae bs zbsu bh wsbwlsuy iz w`fjle ba f `b{ls hbbuiak bh eikaiuy umfa uml bumlsz, c|u fu uml zfnl uinl iz slìlxle hsbn uml hluulsz {mijm fauiv|iuy mfz inwbzle ba umln!Z|czlv|lau`y, uml z|wlsibs jbaxlailajl bh uml s|`lz kbxlsaiak uml usfazhls fae elzjlau bh uml`b{ls bsels bh wsbwlsuy cljbnlz klalsf``y sljbkaizle, fae cy f ksfe|f` jb|szl bh iaabxfuibauml w`fzuijiuy bh uml `lzz eikaihile j`fzz bh xf`|fc`l bcoljuz iz jbnn|aijfule ub uml j`fzzlz{mijm zufae jbaxlauibaf``y mikmls! Uml mizubsy bh Sbnfa Wsbwlsuy @f{ iz uml mizubsy bh uml

fzzini`fuiba bh Slz Nfajiwi ub Slz Alj Nfajiwi! Uml mizubsy bh Wsbwlsuy ba uml L|sbwlfaJbauialau iz uml mizubsy bh uml z|cxlsziba bh uml hl|efìzle `f{ bh `fae cy uml Sbnfaizle`f{ bh nbxlfc`lz4 fae umb|km uml mizubsy bh b{alszmiw ia Lak`fae iz abu alfs`y jbnw`lule,iu iz xizic`y uml `f{ bh wlszbafùy {mijm umslfulaz ub fczbsc fae faaimi`ful uml `f{ bh slfùy!

Uml ba`y afu|sf` j`fzzihijfuiba bh uml bcoljuz bh laobynlau, uml ba`y j`fzzihijfuiba{mijm jbsslzwbaez {ium fa lzzlauif` eihhlslajl ia uml z|colju nfuuls, iz umfu {mijm eixielzumln iaub Nbxlfc`lz fae Innbxlfc`lz! Hfniìfs fz iz umiz j`fzzihijfuiba ub o|sizws|elajl, iu{fz xlsy z`b{`y elxl`bwle cy Sbnfa `f{, hsbn {mijm {l iamlsiu iu, fae {fz ba`y hiaf``y

febwule cy iu ia iuz `fulzu zufkl! Uml j`fzzihijfuibaz bh Fajilau @f{ mfxl zbnluinlz fz|wlshijif` slzlnc`fajl ub umiz! Umly bjjfzibaf``y eixiel wsbwlsuy iaub jfulkbsilz, fae w`fjlinnbxlfc`lz ia bal bh umln4 c|u umla iu iz hb|ae umfu umly liumls j`fzz f`bak {iuminnbxlfc`lz f a|ncls bh bcoljuz {mijm mfxl ab zbsu bh sl`fuiba {ium umln, bs l`zl eixbsjlumln hsbn xfsib|z sikmuz ub {mijm umly mfxl f j`bzl fhhiaiuy! Um|z, uml Slz Nfajiwi bh Sbnfa @f{ iaj`|ele abu ba`y `fae c|u z`fxlz, mbszlz, fae b}la! Zjbuuizm `f{ sfadz {ium`fae f jlsufia j`fzz bh zlj|siuilz, fae Miaebb `f{ fzzbjifulz iu {ium z`fxlz! Lakìzm `f{, bauml bumls mfae, wfsuz `lfzlz bh `fae hbs ylfsz hsbn bumls iaulslzuz ia uml zbi`, fae obiaz umlnub wlszbafùy |aels uml afnl bh jmfuul`z slf`! Nbsl bxls, uml j`fzzihijfuibaz bh Fajilau @f{fsl j`fzzihijfuibaz inw`yiak z|wlsibsiuy fae iahlsibsiuy4 {mi`l uml eizuiajuiba clu{lla

nbxlfc`lz fae innbxlfc`lz, zb `bak fu `lfzu fz iu {fz jbahiale ub Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl,jfssile {ium iu ab z|kklzuiba {mfulxls bh f eihhlslajl ia eikaiuy! Uml Slz Nfajiwi, mb{lxls,eie jlsufia`y fu hiszu laoby f wsljlelajl bxls uml Slz Alj Nfajiwi, fz eie mlsiufc`l wsbwlsuyia Zjbu`fae, fae slfùy ia Lak`fae, bxls uml wlszbafùy ub {mijm umly {lsl bwwbzle! Uml`f{ylsz bh f`` zyzulnz mfxl zwfsle ab wfiaz ia zusixiak ub slhls umlzl j`fzzihijfuibaz ub zbnliaul`ìkic`l wsiajiw`l4 c|u uml slfzbaz bh uml zlxlsfajl n|zu lxls cl xfia`y zb|kmu hbs ia uml



66;

wmi`bzbwmy bh `f{4 umly cl`bak abu ub iuz wmi`bzbwmy, c|u ub iuz mizubsy! Uml l}w`fafuiba{mijm fwwlfsz ub jbxls uml kslfulzu a|ncls bh iazufajlz iz umfu uml bcoljuz bh laobynlaumbab|sle fcbxl uml slzu {lsl hbsnz bh wsbwlsuy dab{a hiszu fae lfsìlzu ub lfjm wfsuij|`fs jbnn|aiuy, fae eikaihile umlslhbsl lnwmfuijf``y {ium uml elzikafuiba bh Wsbwlsuy! Ba umlbumls mfae, uml fsuij`lz abu la|nlsfule fnbak uml hfxb|sle bcoljuz zlln ub mfxl clla w`fjle ba f `b{ls zufaeiak, cljf|zl uml dab{`lekl bh umlis xf`|l {fz wbzulsibs ub uml lwbjmfu {mijm uml jfuf`bk|l bh z|wlsibs wsbwlsuy {fz zluu`le! Umly {lsl fu hiszu |adab{a, sfsl,ìniule ia umlis |zlz, bs l`zl slkfsele fz nlsl fwwlaefklz ub uml wsixi`lkle bcoljuz! Um|z,

umb|km uml Sbnfa Slz Nfajiwi iaj`|ele f a|ncls bh nbxlfc`l fsuij`lz bh kslfu xf`|l, zui`ùml nbzu jbzu`y ol{l`z {lsl alxls f``b{le ub ufdl sfad fz Slz Nfajiwi, cljf|zl umly {lsl|adab{a ub uml lfs`y Sbnfaz! Ia uml zfnl {fy jmfuul`z slf` ia Lak`fae fsl zfie ub mfxl clla elksfele ub uml hbbuiak bh wlszbafùy, hsbn uml iahslv|lajy fae xf`|l`lzzalzz bh z|jmlzufulz |aels uml hl|ef` `fae.`f{! C|u uml ksfae wbiau bh iaulslzu iz, uml jbauia|leelksfefuiba bh umlzl jbnnbeiuilz {mla umlis inwbsufajl mfe iajslfzle fae umlis a|ncls mfen|ùiwìle! [my {lsl umly abu z|jjlzzixl`y iaj`|ele fnbak uml hfxb|sle bcoljuz bh laobynlau2 Bal slfzba iz hb|ae ia uml zu|ccbsaalzz {ium {mijm Fajilau @f{ femlslz ub iuzj`fzzihijfuibaz! Iu iz f jmfsfjulsizuij cbum bh |ale|jfule niaez fae bh lfs`y zbjiluilz, umfu umlyfsl ìuu`l fc`l ub jbajlixl f klalsf` s|`l fwfsu hsbn uml wfsuij|`fs fwwìjfuibaz bh iu {ium

{mijm umly fsl wsfjuijf``y hfniìfs! Umly jfaabu eizzbjiful f klalsf` ulsn bs nf}in hsbn umlzwljif` l}fnw`lz {mijm nllu umln ia efi`y l}wlsilajl4 fae ia umiz {fy uml elzikafuibajbxlsiak uml clzu.dab{a hbsnz bh wsbwlsuy iz elaile ub fsuij`lz {mijm l}fju`y slzlnc`l umlnia cliak bcoljuz bh laobynlau fae z|coljuz bh sikmu! C|u ub umlzl iah`|lajlz, {mijm l}lsu wlj|ìfs hbsjl ia f z|colju.nfuuls zb zufc`l fz umfu bh `f{, fsl fhuls{fsez feele bumlsz nbsljbazizulau {ium wsbkslzz ia laìkmulanlau fae ia uml jbajlwuibaz bh klalsf` l}wleilajy!Jb|suz fae `f{ylsz cljbnl fu `fzu fìxl ub uml iajbaxlailajl bh uml lncfssfzziak hbsnfìuilzslv|isle hbs uml usfazhls, sljbxlsy, bs elxb`|uiba bh uml hfxb|sle jbnnbeiuilz, fae ksb{|a{i`ìak ub hluuls uml al{ls elzjsiwuibaz bh wsbwlsuy {ium uml uljmaijf` usfnnl`z {mijm

jmfsfjulsizle uml iahfajy bh `f{! Mlajl fsizlz f eizwbziuiba ub dllw umlzl `fzu ba f `b{ls ksfel ia uml fssfaklnlauz bh O|sizws|elajl, fae ub wlsniu umlis usfazhls cy zinw`ls wsbjlzzlzumfa umbzl {mijm, ia fsjmfij jbaxlyfajlz, zlsxl fz zu|ncìak.c`bjdz ub kbbe hfium faezulwwiak.zubalz ub hsf|e! [l fsl wlsmfwz ia zbnl efakls bh |aelssfuiak uml iajbaxlailajlzbh uml fajilau nbelz bh usfazhls! B|s iazus|nlauz bh jbaxlyfajl fsl {siuula, zb umfu umlis `fak|fkl, {l`` wbaelsle cy uml wsbhlzzibaf` esfhuznfa, iz sfsl`y elhljuixl ia fjj|sfjy! C|ufa fajilau jbaxlyfajl {fz abu {siuula, c|u fjule! Klzu|slz fae {bsez ubbd uml w`fjl bh {siuula uljmaijf` wmsfzlb`bky, fae fay hbsn|`f nizwsbab|ajle, bs zyncbìjf` fju bniuule,{b|è mfxl xiuifule uml wsbjlleiak fz hfuf``y fz f nfulsif` nizufdl ia zufuiak uml |zlz bs zluuiak b|u uml slnfiaelsz {b|è, u{b m|aesle ylfsz fkb, mfxl xiuifule fa Lakìzm elle!

Iaelle, uml nizjmilhz bh uml fsjmfij jlslnbaif` fsl lxla um|z ba`y mf`h zufule! Zb `bak fzl`fcbsful jbaxlyfajlz, {siuula bs fjule, fsl slv|isle hbs uml fìlafuiba bh `fae f`bal, umljmfajlz bh nizufdl fsl abu jbazielsfc`l ia uml usfazhls bh f elzjsiwuiba bh wsbwlsuy {mijm izzlèbn kbu sie bh {ium n|jm wsljiwiufuiba! C|u uml mikmls j`fzz bh wsbwlsuy ia uml fajilau{bsè jbnwsizle abu ba`y `fae c|u zlxlsf` bh uml jbnnbalzu fae zlxlsf` bh uml nbzuxf`|fc`l nbxlfc`lz! [mla bajl uml {mll`z bh zbjiluy mfe clk|a ub nbxl v|ijd`y, umlsl



66=

n|zu mfxl clla innlazl iajbaxlailajl ia elnfaeiak f mikm`y iausijful hbsn bh usfazhls hbs f mbszl bs fa b}, bs hbs uml nbzu jbzu`y jmfuul` bh uml bè {bsè―uml Z`fxl! Z|jmjbnnbeiuilz n|zu mfxl clla jbazufau`y fae lxla bseiafsi`y jbaxlyle {ium iajbnw`lulhbsnz, fae mlè, umlslhbsl, |aels inwlshlju uiu`lz!

Uml Slz Nfajiwi bh bè Sbnfa `f{ {lsl, `fae,―ia mizubsijf` uinlz, `fae ba Iufìfazbi`,―z`fxlz fae clfzuz bh c|sela, z|jm fz mbszlz fae b}la! Iu iz inwbzzic`l ub eb|cu umfu umlbcoljuz {mijm nfdl |w uml j`fzz fsl uml iazus|nlauz bh fksij|ù|sf` `fcb|s, uml jbnnbeiuilz

bh hiszu jbazlv|lajl ub f wsiniuixl wlbw`l! Z|jm jbnnbeiuilz {lsl fu hiszu, I infkial, jf``lelnwmfuijf``y Umiakz bs Wsbwlsuy, fae uml nbel bh jbaxlyfajl cy {mijm umly {lslusfazhlssle {fz jf``le f Nfajiwi|n bs Nfajiwfuiba4 c|u iu {fz abu wsbcfc`y ui`` n|jm `fuls umfu umly sljlixle uml eizuiajuixl fwwl``fuiba bh Slz Nfajiwi, ‐Umiakz {mijm slv|isl fNfajiwfuiba!„ Cy umlis ziel umlsl nfy mfxl l}izule bs ksb{a |w f j`fzz bh bcoljuz, hbs {mijmiu {fz abu {bsum {mi`l ub iazizu |wba uml h|`` jlslnbay bh Nfajiwfuiba! Iu {b|è cl lab|kmih, ia usfazhlssiak umlzl `fzu hsbn b{als ub b{als, f wfsu ba`y bh uml bseiafsy hbsnfìuilz {lsl wsbjllele {ium, afnl`y, umfu fju|f` elìxlsy, wmyzijf` usfazhls, bs usfeiuiba, {mijm iz umlnbzu bcxib|z iael} bh f jmfakl bh wsbwsilubszmiw! Z|jm jbnnbeiuilz {lsl uml Slz AljNfajiwi bh uml fajilau o|sizws|elajl, ‐umiakz {mijm eie abu slv|isl f Nfajiwfuiba,„ ìuu`l

wsile wsbcfc`y fu hiszu, fae abu bhula wfzzle hsbn bal ksb|w bh wsbwsilubsz ub fabumls![mi`l, mb{lxls, uml ìzu bh uml Slz Nfajiwi {fz isslxbjfc`y j`bzle, umfu bh uml Slz AljNfajiwi feniuule bh iaelhiaiul l}wfaziba4 fae mlajl lxlsy hslzm jbav|lzu bh nfa bxls nfulsif` afu|sl feele fa iuln ub uml Slz Alj Nfajiwi, bs lhhljule fa inwsbxlnlau ia umbzlf`slfey sljbkaizle! Ia zlazic`y, umlslhbsl, umly nb|aule ub fa lv|fìuy {ium uml Slz Nfajiwi,fae uml inwslzziba bh fa iausiazij iahlsibsiuy cliak um|z eizziwfule, nla clkfa ub bczlsxl umlnfaihbè fexfaufklz bh uml zinw`l hbsnfìuy {mijm fjjbnwfaile umlis usfazhls bxls uml nbsliausijful fae nbsl xlalsfc`l jlslnbaif`! U{b bh uml fklauz bh `lkf` fnlìbsfuiba, Hijuibazfae Lv|iuy, {lsl fzzie|b|z`y lnw`byle cy uml Sbnfa `f{ylsz ub kixl uml wsfjuijf` lhhljuz

bh f Nfajiwfuiba ub f Usfeiuiba4 fae, umb|km Sbnfa `lkiz`fubsz `bak zmsfad hsbn lafjuiakumfu uml sikmu bh wsbwlsuy ia f Slz Nfajiwi zmb|è cl innleiful`y usfazhlssle cy cfslelìxlsy bh uml fsuij`l, ylu lxla umiz zulw {fz fu `fzu xlau|sle |wba cy O|zuiaifa, ia {mbzl o|sizws|elajl uml eihhlslajl clu{lla Slz Nfajiwi fae Slz Alj Nfajiwi eizfwwlfsz, faeUsfeiuiba bs Elìxlsy cljbnlz uml bal kslfu jbaxlyfajl dab{a ub uml `f{! Uml nfsdle wslhlslajl {mijm uml Sbnfa `f{ylsz xlsy lfs`y kfxl ub Usfeiuiba jf|zle umln ub fzzika iu f w`fjl ia umlis umlbsy {mijm mfz ml`wle ub cìae umlis nbelsa eizjiw`lz ub iuz us|l mizubsy! Iu{fz j`fzzle fnbak uml ‐afu|sf`„ nbelz bh fjv|iziuiba, cbum cljf|zl iu {fz klalsf``y wsfjuizle fnbak uml Iufìfa usiclz, fae cljf|zl iu {fz f wsbjlzz {mijm fuufiale iuz bcolju cyuml zinw`lzu nljmfaizn! Ih uml l}wslzzibaz bh uml o|sizjbaz|ùz cl wslzzle, umly |aeb|cule`y

inw`y umfu Usfeiuiba, {mijm cl`bakz ub uml @f{ Afu|sf`, iz nbsl fajilau umfa Nfajiwfuiba,{mijm iz fa iazuiu|uiba bh Jixi` Zbjiluy4 fae umiz, I alle abu zfy, iz uml l}fju slxlszl bh umlus|um!

Uml eizuiajuiba clu{lla Slz Nfajiwi fae Slz Alj Nfajiwi iz uml uywl bh f j`fzz bh eizuiajuibaz ub {mijm jixiìzfuiba iz n|jm iaelcule, eizuiajuibaz {mijm s|a umsb|km uml {mb`l



669

nfzz bh jbnnbeiuilz, w`fjiak f hl{ bh umln ia f j`fzz cy umlnzl`xlz, fae sl`lkfuiak umlbumlsz ub f `b{ls jfulkbsy! Uml iahlsibs diaez bh wsbwlsuy fsl hiszu, hsbn eizefia faeeizslkfse, sl`lfzle hsbn uml wlsw`l}le jlslnbailz ia {mijm wsiniuixl `f{ elìkmuz, fae umlafhuls{fsez, ia fabumls zuful bh iaul``lju|f` wsbkslzz, uml zinw`l nlumbez bh usfazhls faesljbxlsy {mijm mfxl clla f``b{le ub jbnl iaub |zl zlsxl fz f nbel` {mijm jbaelnaz cy iuzjbaxlailajl fae zinwìjiuy uml j|ncsb|z zb`lnaiuilz iamlsiule hsbn fajilau efyz! C|u, iazbnl zbjiluilz, uml usfnnl`z ia {mijm Wsbwlsuy iz uile |w fsl n|jm ubb jbnwìjfule faezusiaklau ub cl sl`f}le ia zb lfzy f nfaals! [mlalxls nf`l jmièsla mfxl clla cbsa ub f

Miaebb, uml `f{ bh Iaeif, fz I mfxl zufule, kixlz umln f`` fa iaulslzu ia miz wsbwlsuy, faenfdlz umlis jbazlau f aljlzzfsy jbaeiuiba bh iuz fìlafuiba! Ia uml zfnl zwisiu, uml klalsf`|zfkl bh uml bè Klsnfaij wlbw`lz―iu iz slnfsdfc`l umfu uml Fak`b.Zf}ba j|zubnz zlln ubmfxl clla fa l}jlwuiba―hbscfel fìlafuibaz {iumb|u uml jbazlau bh uml nf`l jmièsla4 faeuml wsiniuixl `f{ bh uml Zj`fxbaifaz lxla wsbmiciule umln fùbklumls! Iu iz lxielau umfu z|jminwleinlauz fz umlzl jfaabu cl bxlsjbnl cy f eizuiajuiba clu{lla diaez bh wsbwlsuy,iafzn|jm fz uml eihhij|ùy l}ulaez ub jbnnbeiuilz bh f`` zbsuz4 fae fjjbseiak`y, Fajilau@f{, {mla bajl `f|ajmle ba f jb|szl bh inwsbxlnlau, lajb|aulsz umln {ium f eizuiajuiba bh fabumls jmfsfjuls, f eizuiajuiba j`fzzihyiak wsbwlsuy, abu fjjbseiak ub iuz afu|sl c|u fjjbseiakub iuz bsikia! Ia Iaeif, {mlsl umlsl fsl usfjlz bh cbum zyzulnz bh j`fzzihijfuiba, uml bal {mijm

{l fsl jbazielsiak iz l}lnwìhile ia uml eihhlslajl {mijm Miaebb `f{ lzufcìzmlz clu{llaIamlsiufajlz fae Fjv|iziuibaz! Uml iamlsiule wsbwlsuy bh uml hfumls iz zmfsle cy uml jmièslafz zbba fz umly fsl cbsa4 c|u fjjbseiak ub uml j|zubn bh nbzu wsbxiajlz, uml fjv|iziuibaznfel cy min e|siak miz ìhluinl fsl {mb``y miz b{a, fae jfa cl usfazhlssle cy min fu w`lfz|sl! F zini`fs eizuiajuiba {fz abu |adab{a ub Sbnfa `f{, ia {mijm uml lfsìlzuiaabxfuiba ba uml Wfslauf` Wb{lsz ubbd uml hbsn bh f wlsnizziba kixla ub uml zba ub dllw hbs minzl`h {mfulxls ml nikmu mfxl fjv|isle ia niìufsy zlsxijl! C|u uml nbzu l}ulazixl |zl lxls nfel bh umiz nbel bh j`fzzihijfuiba fwwlfsz ub mfxl clla fnbak uml Klsnfaz! I mfxlslwlfule`y zufule umfu uml f``be, umb|km abu iafìlafc`l, {fz jbnnba`y usfazhlsfc`l {ium uml

kslfulzu eihhij|ùy4 fae nbslbxls, iu elzjlaele l}j`|zixl`y ub uml fkafuij diaesle! Mlajl fal}usfbseiafsy xfsiluy bh eizuiajuibaz jfnl ub cl sljbkaizle, f`` iaulaele ub einiaizm umliajbaxlailajlz iazlwfsfc`l hsbn f``beif` wsbwlsuy! Uml {lmsklè, hbs l}fnw`l, bs jbnwbziuiba hbs uml mbnijiel bh f sl`fuixl, {mijm bjj|wilz zb `fskl f zwfjl ia Klsnfa o|sizws|elajl, hbsnle ab wfsu bh uml hfni`y ebnfia, fae elzjlaele fjjbseiak ub s|`lz bh z|jjlzziba fùbklumls eihhlslau! Zini`fs`y, uml sliw|z, bs hial `lxifc`l ba uml sl.nfssifkl bh f{ieb{, eie abu lauls iaub uml f``be bh uml wlszba ub {mbn iu {fz wfie, fae hb``b{le f ìal bh elxb`|uiba ia {mijm uml wsixi`lklz bh uml fkafulz {lsl alk`ljule! Uml `f{, ubb, fz fnbak umlMiaebbz, eizuiak|izmle uml Fjv|iziuibaz bh uml jmilh bh uml mb|zlmbè hsbn miz Iamlsiule wsbwlsuy, fae wlsniuule min ub elf` {ium umln |aels n|jm nbsl ìclsf` jbaeiuibaz!

J`fzzihijfuibaz bh uml bumls zbsu {lsl f`zb feniuule, fae uml hfniìfs eizuiajuiba esf{a clu{lla `fae fae nbxlfc`lz4 c|u nbxlfc`l wsbwlsuy {fz eixiele iaub zlxlsf` z|cbseiafuljfulkbsilz, ub lfjm bh {mijm eihhlslau s|`lz fwwìle! Umiz l}|clsfajl bh j`fzzihijfuiba, {mijmnfy zusidl |z fz zusfakl ia zb s|el f wlbw`l fz uml Klsnfa jbav|lsbsz bh uml Lnwisl, izeb|cu`lzz ub cl l}w`fiale cy uml wslzlajl ia umlis zyzulnz bh f jbazielsfc`l l`lnlau bh Sbnfa `f{, fczbscle cy umln e|siak umlis `bak zbob|sa ba uml jbahialz bh uml Sbnfa



637

ebniaiba! Iu iz abu eihhij|ù ub usfjl f kslfu a|ncls bh uml s|`lz kbxlsaiak uml usfazhls faeelxb`|uiba bh uml jbnnbeiuilz {mijm `fy b|uziel uml f``be, ub umlis zb|sjl ia Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl, hsbn {mijm umly {lsl wsbcfc`y cbssb{le fu {iel`y eizufau lwbjmz, fae iahsfknlaufsy inwbsufuibaz! Mb{ hfs uml bczufj`lz ub uml hsll jisj|`fuiba bh wsbwlsuy {lslz|snb|aule cy z|jm jbausixfajlz, {l mfxl abu uml nlfaz lxla bh jbaolju|siak, hbs umleizuiajuibaz fexlsule ub mfxl ab nbelsa mizubsy! Fz I clhbsl l}w`fiale, uml f``beif` hbsn bh wsbwlsuy {fz lauisl`y `bzu ia uml hl|ef`, fae {mla uml jbazbìefuiba bh hl|efìzn {fz bajljbnw`lule, umlsl {fz wsfjuijf``y c|u bal eizuiajuiba `lhu zufaeiak bh f`` umbzl {mijm mfe clla

dab{a ub uml {lzulsa {bsè―uml eizuiajuiba clu{lla `fae fae kbbez, innbxlfc`lz faenbxlfc`lz! L}ulsaf``y umiz eizuiajuiba {fz uml zfnl {ium umfu {mijm Sbnfa `f{ mfe hiaf``yfjjlwule, c|u uml `f{ bh uml niee`l fklz eihhlsle hsbn umfu bh Sbnl ia eizuiaju`y jbazielsiakinnbxlfc`l wsbwlsuy ub cl nbsl eikaihile umfa nbxlfc`l! Ylu umiz bal zfnw`l iz lab|km ubzmb{ uml inwbsufajl bh uml j`fzz bh l}wleilauz ub {mijm iu cl`bakz! Ia f`` uml jb|ausilzkbxlsale cy zyzulnz cfzle ba uml Hslajm jbelz, umfu iz, umsb|km n|jm uml kslfulzu wfsu bh uml Jbauialau bh L|sbwl, uml `f{ bh nbxlfc`lz, {mijm {fz f`{fyz Sbnfa `f{, mfzz|wlszlele fae faa|``le uml hl|ef` `f{ bh `fae! Lak`fae iz uml ba`y jb|ausy bh inwbsufajl ia{mijm umiz usfazn|ufuiba, umb|km iu mfz kbal zbnl {fy, iz abu alfs`y fjjbnwìzmle! B|s b{a, ubb, iu nfy cl feele, iz uml ba`y jbazielsfc`l L|sbwlfa jb|ausy ia {mijm uml zlwfsfuiba

bh nbxlfc`lz hsbn innbxlfc`lz mfz clla zbnl{mfu eizu|scle cy uml zfnl iah`|lajlz {mijmjf|zle uml fajilau j`fzzihijfuibaz ub elwfsu hsbn uml ba`y bal {mijm iz jb|aulafajle cyafu|sl! Ia uml nfia, uml Lakìzm eizuiajuiba mfz clla clu{lla `fae fae kbbez4 c|u f jlsufiaj`fzz bh kbbez mfxl kbal fz mlis.`bbnz {ium uml `fae, fae f jlsufia elzjsiwuiba bh iaulslzuz ia`fae mfxl hsbn mizubsijf` jf|zlz clla sfadle {ium wlszbafùy! Umiz iz abu uml ba`y iazufajl ia{mijm Lakìzm o|sizws|elajl, zufaeiak fwfsu hsbn uml nfia j|sslau bh `lkf` nbeihijfuiba, mfzslwsbe|jle wmlabnlaf bh fsjmfij `f{!

I wsbjlle ub abuijl bal bs u{b nbsl jbausixfajlz cy {mijm uml fajilau usfnnl`z bh

wsbwsilufsy sikmu {lsl nbsl bs `lzz z|jjlzzh|``y sl`f}le, wslniziak umfu uml zjmlnl bh umizuslfuizl ba`y wlsniuz nl ub nlauiba umbzl {mijm fsl bh kslfu fauiv|iuy! Ba bal bh umln ia wfsuij|`fs iu iz aljlzzfsy ub e{l`` hbs f nbnlau bs u{b, cljf|zl wlszbaz |afjv|fiaule {iumuml lfs`y mizubsy bh `f{ {i`` abu cl lfzi`y wlsz|fele umfu f wsiajiw`l, bh {mijm nbelsa o|sizws|elajl mfz xlsy z`b{`y fae {ium uml kslfulzu eihhij|ùy bcufiale uml sljbkaiuiba, {fzslf``y hfniìfs ub uml xlsy iahfajy bh `lkf` zjilajl! Umlsl iz ab wsiajiw`l ia f`` `f{ {mijm umlnbelsaz, ia zwiul bh iuz clalhijif` jmfsfjuls, mfxl clla zb `bfum ub febwu fae ub jfssy ub iuz`lkiuinful jbazlv|lajlz fz umfu {mijm {fz dab{a ub uml Sbnfaz fz \z|jfwiba, fae {mijmmfz elzjlaele ub nbelsa o|sizws|elajl |aels uml afnl bh Wslzjsiwuiba! Iu {fz f wbziuixl s|`lbh uml bèlzu Sbnfa `f{, f s|`l bèls umfa uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz, umfu jbnnbeiuilz {mijm mfe

clla |aiaulss|wule`y wbzzlzzle hbs f jlsufia wlsibe cljfnl uml wsbwlsuy bh uml wbzzlzzbs!Uml wlsibe bh wbzzlzziba {fz l}jlleiak`y zmbsu―bal bs u{b ylfsz, fjjbseiak ub uml afu|slbh uml jbnnbeiuilz―fae ia mizubsijf` uinlz \z|jfwiba {fz ba`y f``b{le ub bwlsful {mla wbzzlzziba mfe jbnnlajle ia f wfsuij|`fs {fy4 c|u I umiad iu ìdl`y umfu fu f `lzz fexfajlelwbjm wbzzlzziba {fz jbaxlsule iaub b{alszmiw |aels jbaeiuibaz lxla `lzz zlxlsl umfa {lslfe bh ia b|s f|umbsiuilz! Fz I mfxl zfie clhbsl, I fn hfs hsbn fzzlsuiak umfu uml slzwlju bh



633

Usfeiuiba bs Elìxlsy, uml xijl bh uml uiu`l {b|è cl j|sle cy \z|jfwiba ia u{b ylfsz funbzu! I dab{ abumiak ia uml wsfjuijl bh uml Sbnfaz {mijm ulzuihilz zb zusbak`y ub umlis `lkf`klai|z fz uml |zl {mijm umly nfel bh uml \z|jfwiba! Uml eihhij|ùilz {mijm clzlu umln {lslalfs`y uml zfnl {ium umbzl {mijm lncfssfzzle fae zui`` lncfssfzz uml `f{ylsz bh Lak`fae!B{iak ub uml jbnw`l}iuy bh umlis zyzuln, {mijm fz ylu umly mfe aliumls uml jb|sfkl abs uml wb{ls ub sljbazus|ju, fju|f` sikmu {fz jbazufau`y kluuiak eixbsjle hsbn uljmaijf` sikmu, umllv|iufc`l b{alszmiw hsbn uml `lkf`! C|u \z|jfwiba, fz nfaiw|`fule cy uml o|sizjbaz|ùz,z|wwìle f zl`h.fjuiak nfjmialsy, cy {mijm uml elhljuz bh uiu`lz ub wsbwlsuy {lsl f`{fyz ia

jb|szl bh cliak j|sle, fae cy {mijm uml b{alszmiwz umfu {lsl ulnwbsfsi`y zlwfsfule {lslfkfia sfwie`y jlnlaule ubklumls {ium uml csilhlzu wbzzic`l el`fy! \z|jfwiba eie abu `bzl iuzfexfaufklz ui`` uml slhbsnz bh O|zuiaifa! C|u fz zbba fz `f{ fae lv|iuy mfe clla jbnw`lul`yh|zle, fae {mla Nfajiwfuiba jlfzle ub cl uml Sbnfa jbaxlyfajl, umlsl {fz ab h|sumls aljlzziuy hbs uml fajilau jbausixfajl, fae \z|jfwiba, {ium iuz wlsibez bh uinl jbazielsfc`y`lakumlale, cljfnl uml Wslzjsiwuiba {mijm mfz fu `lakum clla febwule cy alfs`y f`` zyzulnzbh nbelsa `f{!

I wfzz cy {ium csilh nlauiba fabumls l}wleilau mfxiak uml zfnl bcolju {ium uml `fzu,{mijm, umb|km iu eie abu innleiful`y nfdl iuz fwwlfsfajl ia Lakìzm `lkf` mizubsy, {fz bh

innlnbsif` fauiv|iuy ia Sbnfa `f{4 z|jm iaelle iz iuz fwwfslau fkl umfu zbnl Klsnfajixiìfaz, abu z|hhijilau`y f{fsl bh uml ìkmu umsb{a ba uml z|colju cy uml faf`bkilz bh Lakìzm`f{, mfxl umb|kmu iu lxla bèls umfa uml Nfajiwfuiba! I zwlfd bh uml Jlzzib ia O|sl, fjb``|zixl sljbxlsy, ia f Jb|su bh @f{, bh wsbwlsuy zb|kmu ub cl jbaxlyle! Uml w`fiauihh j`finle uml z|colju bh umiz wsbjlleiak {ium uml bseiafsy hbsnz bh f ìuikfuiba4 uml elhlaefaunfel elhf|ù4 fae uml jbnnbeiuy {fz bh jb|szl feo|ekle ub uml w`fiauihh! I alle zjfsjl`yslniae uml Lakìzm `f{yls umfu umiz l}wleilau z|kklzule iuzl`h ub b|s hbslhfumlsz, fae wsbe|jle umbzl hfnb|z Hialz fae Sljbxlsilz {mijm eie zb n|jm ub |aeb uml mfszmlzuusfnnl`z bh uml hl|ef` `fae.`f{! Uml Sbnfa fae Lakìzm jbausixfajlz mfxl xlsy n|jm ia

jbnnba, fae i``|zusful lfjm bumls nbzu iazus|juixl`y, c|u umlsl iz umiz eihhlslajl clu{llaumln, umfu uml bcolju bh uml Lakìzm `f{ylsz {fz ub slnbxl jbnwìjfuibaz f`slfey iausbe|jleiaub uml uiu`l, {mi`l uml Sbnfa o|sizjbaz|ùz zb|kmu ub wslxlau umln cy z|czuiu|uiak f nbelbh usfazhls aljlzzfsi`y |ainwlfjmfc`l hbs bal {mijm ubb bhula nizjfssile! Uml elxijl iz iahfju bal {mijm z|kklzuz iuzl`h fz zbba fz Jb|suz bh @f{ fsl ia zulfey bwlsfuiba, c|u fslalxlsuml`lzz zui`` |aels uml lnwisl bh wsiniuixl abuibaz! Ia fa fexfajle zuful bh `lkf`bwiaiba, usic|af`z slkfse jb``|zixl ìuikfuiba fz fa fc|zl bh umlis wsbjle|sl4 c|u umlsl mfzf`{fyz clla f uinl {mla, ih umlis hbsnz {lsl zjs|w|`b|z`y jbnwìle {ium, umly alxls eslfnle bh `bbdiak h|sumls!

Uml iah`|lajl bh Jb|suz bh @f{ fae bh umlis wsbjle|sl |wba wsbwlsuy mfz clla nbzul}ulazixl, c|u uml z|colju iz ubb `fskl hbs uml einlazibaz bh umiz uslfuizl, fae {b|è jfssy |zh|sumls eb{a uml jb|szl bh `lkf` mizubsy umfa iz jbazizulau {ium iuz zjmlnl! Iu iz elzisfc`l,mb{lxls, ub nlauiba, umfu ub umiz iah`|lajl {l n|zu fuusic|ul uml inwbsufajl bh umleizuiajuiba clu{lla Wsbwlsuy fae Wbzzlzziba―abu, iaelle, uml eizuiajuiba iuzl`h, {mijm -iauml `fak|fkl bh fa lnialau Lakìzm jixiìfa) iz uml zfnl umiak fz uml eizuiajuiba clu{lla uml



63:

`lkf` sikmu ub fju |wba f umiak fae uml wmyzijf` wb{ls ub eb zb―c|u uml l}usfbseiafsyinwbsufajl {mijm uml eizuiajuiba mfz bcufiale ia uml wmi`bzbwmy bh uml `f{! Hl{ le|jfule wlszbaz fsl zb ìuu`l xlszle ia `lkf` ìulsfu|sl fz abu ub mfxl mlfse umfu uml `fak|fkl bh umlSbnfa o|sizjbaz|ùz ba uml z|colju bh Wbzzlzziba `bak bjjfzibale uml kslfulzu wbzzic`l wlsw`l}iuy, fae umfu uml klai|z bh Zfxikay iz z|wwbzle ub mfxl jmilh`y wsbxle iuzl`h cy umlzb`|uiba {mijm ml eizjbxlsle hbs uml laiknf! Wbzzlzziba, ia hfju, {mla lnw`byle cy umlSbnfa `f{ylsz, fwwlfsz ub mfxl jbausfjule f zmfel bh nlfaiak abu lfzi`y fjjb|aule hbs! Uml{bse, fz fwwlfsz hsbn iuz luynb`bky, n|zu mfxl bsikiaf``y elabule wmyzijf` jbaufju bs

wmyzijf` jbaufju slz|nlfc`l fu w`lfz|sl4 c|u fz fju|f``y |zle, {iumb|u fay v|fìhyiak lwiumlu,iu zikaihilz abu zinw`y wmyzijf` elulauiba, c|u wmyzijf` elulauiba jb|w`le {ium uml iaulauibaub mbè uml umiak elufiale fz bal’z b{a! Zfxikay, hb``b{iak Ailc|ms, wlsjlixle umfu hbs umizfabnf`y umlsl jb|è ba`y cl f mizubsijf` bsikia! Ml wbiaule b|u umfu uml Wfusijifa c|skmlsz bh Sbnl, {mb mfe cljbnl ulafauz bh uml kslfulzu wfsu bh uml w|cìj ebnfia fu abniaf` slauz,{lsl, ia uml xil{ bh uml bè Sbnfa `f{, nlsl wbzzlzzbsz, c|u umla umly {lsl wbzzlzzbsziaulaeiak ub dllw umlis `fae fkfiazu f`` jbnlsz! Umly, ia us|um, w|u hbs{fse f j`fin f`nbzuielauijf` {ium umfu {mijm mfz sljlau`y clla fexfajle ia Lak`fae cy uml `lzzllz bh Jm|sjm`faez! Feniuuiak umfu ia umlbsy umly {lsl uml ulafauz.fu.{i`` bh uml zuful, umly jbaulaele umfuuinl fae |aeizu|scle laobynlau mfe siwlale umlis mbèiak iaub f zwljilz bh b{alszmiw, fae

umfu iu {b|è cl |ao|zu ub lolju umln hbs uml w|swbzl bh sleizusic|uiak uml ebnfia! Umlfzzbjifuiba bh umiz j`fin {ium uml Wfusijifa ulafajilz, wlsnfalau`y iah`|lajle uml zlazl bh ‐wbzzlzziba!„ Nlfa{mi`l uml ba`y `lkf` slnleilz bh {mijm uml ulafauz jb|è fxfiùmlnzl`xlz, ih loljule bs umslfulale {ium eizu|scfajl, {lsl uml Wbzzlzzbsy Iaulseijuz,z|nnfsy wsbjlzzlz bh Sbnfa `f{ {mijm {lsl liumls l}wslzz`y elxizle cy uml Wsèubs hbs umlis wsbuljuiba, bs l`zl, fjjbseiak ub fabumls umlbsy, mfe ia bèls uinlz clla lnw`byle hbs uml wsbxizibaf` nfiaulafajl bh wbzzlzzibaz wlaeiak uml zluu`lnlau bh v|lzuibaz bh `lkf`sikmu! Iu jfnl, umlslhbsl, ub cl |aelszubbe umfu lxlsycbey {mb wbzzlzzle wsbwlsuy fz miz b{amfe uml wb{ls bh elnfaeiak uml Iaulseijuz, fae, cy f zyzuln bh mikm`y fsuihijif` w`lfeiak, uml

Iaulseijuf` wsbjlzz {fz nb|èle iaub f zmfwl hiuule hbs uml usif` bh jbahìjuiak j`finz ub feizw|ule wbzzlzziba! Umla jbnnlajle f nbxlnlau {mijm, fz Ns! Obma F|zuia wbiaule b|u,l}fju`y slwsbe|jle iuzl`h ia Lakìzm `f{! Wsbwsilubsz, ebniai, clkfa ub wslhls uml zinw`ls hbsnz bs zwlleils jb|szl bh uml Iaulseiju ub uml `fkkiak fae iausijful hbsnfìuilz bh uml Slf`Fjuiba, fae hbs uml w|swbzl bh fxfiìak umlnzl`xlz bh uml wbzzlzzbsy slnley hl`` cfjd |wbauml wbzzlzziba {mijm {fz z|wwbzle ub cl iaxb`xle ia umlis wsbwsilubszmiw! Uml ìclsuyjbajlele ub wlszbaz {mb {lsl abu us|l Wbzzlzzbsz, c|u B{alsz, ub xiaeijful umlis sikmuz cy wbzzlzzbsy slnleilz, umb|km iu nfy mfxl clla fu hiszu f cbba, mfe |ùinful`y uml lhhlju bh zlsib|z`y elulsibsfuiak cbum Lakìzm fae Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl! Uml Sbnfa `f{ b{lz ub iuumbzl z|cu`luilz ba uml z|colju bh Wbzzlzziba {mijm mfxl ebal zb n|jm ub eizjsleiu iu, {mi`l

Lakìzm `f{, fhuls uml fjuibaz {mijm iu fwwsbwsifule ub uml sljbxlsy bh slf` wsbwlsuy mfehf``la iaub uml nbzu mbwl`lzz jbah|ziba, kbu sie fu `fzu bh uml {mb`l ufak`le nfzz cy f mlsbijslnley Ab bal jfa eb|cu umfu uml xisu|f` fcbìuiba bh uml Lakìzm slf` fjuibaz {mijm ubbd w`fjl alfs`y umisuy ylfsz ziajl {fz f w|cìj clalhiu, c|u zui`` wlszbaz zlaziuixl ub umlmfsnbailz bh o|sizws|elajl {i`` `fnlau umfu, iazulfe bh j`lfaziak, inwsbxiak, fae



635

zinwìhyiak uml us|l wsbwsilufsy fjuibaz, {l zfjsihijle umln f`` ub uml wbzzlzzbsy fjuiba bh loljunlau, um|z cfziak b|s {mb`l zyzuln bh `fae sljbxlsy |wba f `lkf` hijuiba!

@lkf` usic|af`z mfxl f`zb wb{lsh|``y fzzizule ub zmfwl fae nbeihy jbajlwuibaz bh wsbwsilufsy sikmu cy nlfaz bh uml eizuiajuiba clu{lla @f{ fae Lv|iuy, {mijm f`{fyz nfdlziuz hiszu fwwlfsfajl fz f eizuiajuiba clu{lla o|sizeijuibaz! Lv|iufc`l wsbwlsuy ia Lak`fae izzinw`y wsbwlsuy mlè |aels uml o|sizeijuiba bh uml Jb|su bh Jmfajlsy! Fu Sbnl uml Wsèubs’zLeiju iausbe|jle iuz abxl` wsiajiw`lz ia uml k|izl bh f wsbnizl umfu |aels jlsufia

jisj|nzufajlz f wfsuij|`fs fjuiba bs f wfsuij|`fs w`lf {b|è cl ksfaule4 fae, fjjbseiak`y, uml wsbwlsuy ia cbaiz, bs Lv|iufc`l Wsbwlsuy, bh Sbnfa `f{ {fz wsbwlsuy l}j`|zixl`y wsbuljule cy slnleilz {mijm mfe umlis zb|sjl ia uml Leiju! Uml nljmfaizn cy {mijm lv|iufc`l sikmuz{lsl zfxle hsbn cliak bxlssieela cy uml j`finz bh uml `lkf` b{als {fz zbnl{mfu eihhlslauia uml u{b zyzulnz! [ium |z umlis iaelwlaelajl iz zlj|sle cy uml Iao|ajuiba bh uml Jb|su bh Jmfajlsy! Ziajl mb{lxls @f{ fae Lv|iuy, {mi`l abu fz ylu jbazbìefule, {lsl feniaizulsle|aels uml Sbnfa zyzuln cy uml zfnl Jb|su, abumiak ìdl uml Iao|ajuiba {fz slv|isle, faeuml Nfkizusful ubbd uml zinw`ls jb|szl bh slh|ziak ub ksfau ub uml Jixi` @f{ B{als umbzlfjuibaz fae w`lfz cy {mijm f`bal ml jb|è bcufia uml wsbwlsuy umfu cl`bakle ia lv|iuy ubfabumls! C|u uml wsfjuijf` bwlsfuiba bh cbum zyzulnz {fz alfs`y uml zfnl! Cbum, cy nlfaz bh

f eizuiajuiba ia wsbjle|sl, {lsl fc`l ub wslzlsxl al{ hbsnz bh wsbwlsuy ia f zbsu bh wsbxizibaf` l}izulajl, |aui` uml uinl zmb|è jbnl {mla umly {lsl sljbkaizle cy uml {mb`l`f{! Ia umiz {fy, uml Sbnfa Wsèubs kfxl fa innleiful sikmu bh wsbwlsuy ub uml wlszba {mbmfe fjv|isle f Slz Nfajiwi cy nlsl elìxlsy, {iumb|u {fiuiak hbs uml siwlaiak bh \z|jfwiba! Zini`fs`y ml ia uinl sljbkaizle fa b{alszmiw ia uml Nbsukfkll, {mb mfe fu hiszu clla f nlsl ‐cfi`ll„ bs elwbziufsy, fae ia uml Lnwmyul|uf, bs ulafau bh `fae {mijm {fzz|colju ub f hi}le wlswlu|f` slau! Hb``b{iak f wfsf``l` ìal bh wsbkslzz, uml Lakìzm Jb|su bh Jmfajlsy jslfule f zwljif` wsbwsilubszmiw hbs uml Nbsukfkbs, hbs uml Jlzu|i v|l Us|zu, hbs umlNfssile [bnfa {mb mfe uml fexfaufkl bh f wfsuij|`fs diae bh zluu`lnlau, fae hbs uml

W|sjmfzls {mb mfe abu ylu fjv|isle f jbnw`lul `lkf` b{alszmiw! F`` umlzl fsl l}fnw`lz ia{mijm hbsnz bh wsbwsilufsy sikmu, eizuiaju`y al{, {lsl sljbkaizle fae wslzlsxle! C|uiaeislju`y Wsbwlsuy mfz clla fhhljule ia f umb|zfae {fyz cy lv|iuy, cbum ia Lak`fae fae fuSbnl! Iaub {mfulxls jbsals bh o|sizws|elajl iuz f|umbsz w|zmle uml wb{lsh|` iazus|nlau iaumlis jbnnfae, umly {lsl z|sl ub nllu, fae ub|jm, fae nbsl bs `lzz nfulsif``y nbeihy uml`f{ bh wsbwlsuy! [mla ia uml wsljleiak wfklz I mfxl zwbdla bh jlsufia fajilau `lkfèizuiajuibaz fae l}wleilauz fz mfxiak wb{lsh|``y fhhljule uml mizubsy bh b{alszmiw, I n|zu cl|aelszubbe ub nlfa umfu uml kslfulzu wfsu bh umlis iah`|lajl mfz fsizla hsbn uml miauz faez|kklzuibaz bh inwsbxlnlau iah|zle cy umln iaub uml nlauf` funbzwmlsl {mijm {fz cslfumle cy uml hfcsijfubsz bh lv|iufc`l zyzulnz!

C|u ub elzjsicl uml iah`|lajl bh Lv|iuy ba B{alszmiw {b|è cl ub {siul iuz mizubsyeb{a ub b|s b{a efyz! I mfxl f``|ele ub iu wsiajiwf``y cljf|zl zlxlsf` lzullnlejbaulnwbsfsy {siulsz mfxl umb|kmu umfu ia uml Sbnfa zlxlsfajl bh Lv|iufc`l hsbn @lkf` wsbwlsuy {l mfxl uml j`|l ub umfu eihhlslajl ia uml jbajlwuiba bh B{alszmiw, {mijmfwwfslau`y eizuiak|izmlz uml `f{ bh uml niee`l fklz hsbn uml `f{ bh uml Sbnfa Lnwisl! Uml



63<

`lfeiak jmfsfjulsizuij bh uml hl|ef` jbajlwuiba iz iuz sljbkaiuiba bh f eb|c`l wsbwsilubszmiw,uml z|wlsibs b{alszmiw bh uml `bse bh uml hilh jbl}izuiak {ium uml iahlsibs wsbwlsuy bs lzuful bh uml ulafau! Ab{, umiz e|wìjfuiba bh wsbwsilufsy sikmu `bbdz, iu iz |skle, l}uslnl`y ìdl fklalsfìzle hbsn bh uml Sbnfa eizusic|uiba bh sikmuz bxls wsbwlsuy iaub V|isiufsifa bs `lkf`,fae -ub |zl f {bse bh `ful bsikia) Cbaiufsifa bs lv|iufc`l! Kfi|z minzl`h bczlsxlz |wba umlzwìuuiak bh ebniaiba iaub u{b wfsuz fz f ziak|`fsiuy bh Sbnfa `f{, fae l}wslzz`y jbausfzuz iu{ium uml lauisl bs f``beif` b{alszmiw ub {mijm bumls afuibaz {lsl fjj|zubnle! O|zuiaifa, iu izus|l, sljbazbìefule ebniaiba iaub bal, c|u umla iu {fz uml wfsuif``y slhbsnle zyzuln bh uml

[lzulsa Lnwisl, fae abu O|zuiaifa’z o|sizws|elajl, {ium {mijm uml cfscfsifaz {lsl iajbaufju e|siak zb nfay jlau|silz! [mi`l umly slnfiale wbizle ba uml lekl bh uml Lnwisl, iunfy {l`` cl umfu umly `lfsale umiz eizuiajuiba, {mijm fhuls{fsez cbsl slnfsdfc`l hs|iu! Iahfxb|s bh umiz umlbsy, iu n|zu fu f`` lxlauz cl feniuule umfu uml l`lnlau bh Sbnfa `f{ ia umlxfsib|z cbeilz bh cfscfsifa j|zubn mfz clla xlsy inwlshlju`y l}fniale! Uml lssbalb|z bs iaz|hhijilau umlbsilz {mijm mfxl zlsxle ub l}w`fia Hl|efìzn slzlnc`l lfjm bumls ia umlis ulaelajy ub esf{ bhh fuulauiba hsbn umiz wfsuij|`fs ia ksleilau ia iuz ul}u|sl! Uml bèls iaxlzuikfubsz, {mb mfxl clla nbzu`y hb``b{le ia umiz jb|ausy, fuufjmle fa l}j`|zixlinwbsufajl ub uml jisj|n zufajlz bh uml u|sc|`lau wlsibe e|siak {mijm uml Hl|ef` zyzulnksl{ ub nfu|siuy4 fae ia `fuls uinlz f al{ zb|sjl bh lssbs mfz clla feele ub umbzl f`slfey

l}izuiak, ia umfu wsiel bh afuibafìuy {mijm mfz `le Klsnfa {siulsz ub l}fkklsful umljbnw`lulalzz bh uml zbjif` hfcsij {mijm umlis hbslhfumlsz mfe c|iù |w clhbsl umlis fwwlfsfajlia uml Sbnfa {bsè! Bal bs u{b Lakìzm iav|islsz {mb `bbdle ia uml sikmu v|fsuls hbs umlhb|aefuibaz bh uml hl|ef` zyzuln, hfi`le alxlsuml`lzz ub jbae|ju umlis iaxlzuikfuibaz ub fayzfuizhfjubsy slz|ù, liumls hsbn zlfsjmiak ubb l}j`|zixl`y hbs faf`bkilz ia uml jbnwi`fuibaz bh O|zuiaifa, bs hsbn jbahiaiak umlis fuulauiba ub uml jbnwlaeif bh Sbnfa `f{ {mijm fsl hb|aefwwlaele ub zbnl bh uml l}ufau cfscfsifa jbelz! C|u, ih Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl mfe fayiah`|lajl ba uml cfscfsb|z zbjiluilz, iu mfe wsbcfc`y wsbe|jle uml kslfulzu wfsu bh iuz lhhljuz clhbsl uml `lkiz`fuiba bh O|zuiaifa, fae clhbsl uml wslwfsfuiba bh umlzl jbnwlaeif! Iu {fz abu

uml slhbsnle fae w|sihile o|sizws|elajl bh O|zuiaifa, c|u uml |aeiklzule zyzuln {mijm wslxfi`le ia uml [lzulsa Lnwisl, fae {mijm uml Lfzulsa Jbsw|z O|siz alxls z|jjllele iaeizw`fjiak, umfu I jbajlixl ub mfxl j`bumle {ium h`lzm fae n|zj`l uml zjfauy zdl`luba bh cfscfsb|z |zfkl! Uml jmfakl n|zu cl z|wwbzle ub mfxl ufdla w`fjl clhbsl uml Klsnfaijusiclz mfe eizuiaju`y fwwsbwsifule, fz jbav|lsbsz, fay wbsuiba bh uml Sbnfa ebniaibaz, faeumlslhbsl `bak clhbsl Klsnfaij nbafsjmz mfe bselsle cslxifsilz bh Sbnfa `f{ ub cl esf{a|w hbs uml |zl bh umlis Sbnfa z|coljuz! Uml aljlzziuy hbs zbnl z|jm mywbumlziz {i`` cl hlù cy lxlsycbey {mb jfa fwwsljiful uml eihhlslajl clu{lla fsjmfij fae elxl`bwle `f{! S|elfz fsl uml @lklz Cfscfsbs|n {mijm slnfia ub |z, umly fsl abu s|el lab|km ub zfuizhy umlumlbsy bh umlis w|sl`y cfscfsb|z bsikia4 abs mfxl {l fay slfzba hbs clìlxiak umfu {l mfxl

sljlixle, ia {siuula sljbsez, nbsl umfa f hsfjuiba bh uml hi}le s|`lz {mijm {lsl wsfjuizlefnbak umlnzl`xlz cy uml nlnclsz bh uml jbav|lsiak usiclz! Ih {l jfa bajl wlsz|felb|szl`xlz umfu f jbazielsfc`l l`lnlau bh elcfzle Sbnfa `f{ f`slfey l}izule ia uml cfscfsifazyzulnz, {l zmf`` mfxl ebal zbnlumiak ub slnbxl f ksfxl eihhij|ùy! Uml Klsnfa `f{ bh umljbav|lsbsz fae uml Sbnfa `f{ bh umlis z|coljuz {b|è abu mfxl jbnciale ih umly mfe abu wbzzlzzle nbsl fhhiaiuy hbs lfjm bumls umfa slhiale o|sizws|elajl mfz |z|f` y hbs uml j|zubnz



638

bh zfxfklz! Iu iz l}uslnl`y ìdl`y umfu uml jbelz bh uml cfscfsifaz, fsjmfij fz umly zlln, fslba`y f jbnwb|ae bh us|l wsiniuixl |zfkl {ium mf`h.|aelszubbe Sbnfa s|`lz, fae umfu iu {fzuml hbslika iaksleilau {mijm lafc`le umln ub jbf`lzjl {ium f Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl umfu mfef`slfey sljlele zbnl{mfu hsbn uml jbnwfsfuixl hiaizm {mijm iu mfe fjv|isle |aels uml[lzulsa Lnwlsbsz!

C|u, umb|km f`` umiz n|zu cl f``b{le, umlsl fsl zlxlsf` jbazielsfuibaz {mijm slaels iu|aìdl`y umfu uml hl|ef` hbsn bh b{alszmiw {fz eislju`y z|kklzule cy uml Sbnfa e|wìjfuiba

bh ebnfiaif` sikmuz! Uml eizuiajuiba clu{lla `lkf` fae lv|iufc`l wsbwlsuy zusidlz bal fz fz|cu`luy ìuu`l ìdl`y ub cl fwwsljifule cy cfscfsifaz4 fae, nbslbxls, iu jfa zjfsjl`y cl|aelszubbe |a`lzz Jb|suz bh @f{ fsl jbaulnw`fule ia slk|`fs bwlsfuiba! C|u uml zusbaklzuslfzba fkfiazu umiz umlbsy iz uml l}izulajl ia Sbnfa `f{ bh f hbsn bh wsbwlsuy―f jslfuiba bh Lv|iuy, iu iz us|l―{mijm z|wwìlz f n|jm zinw`ls l}w`fafuiba bh uml usfaziuiba hsbn bal zlubh ielfz ub uml bumls! Umiz iz uml Lnwmyul|ziz, |wba {mijm uml Hilh bh uml niee`l fklz mfzbhula clla hfumlsle, umb|km {iumb|u n|jm dab{`lekl bh uml l}fju zmfsl {mijm iu mfe ia csiakiak hl|ef` b{alszmiw iaub uml {bsè! Uml us|um iz umfu uml Lnwmyul|ziz, abu wsbcfc`y fzylu dab{a cy iuz Kslld elzikafuiba, nfsdz bal zufkl ia f j|sslau bh ielfz {mijm `le|ùinful`y ub hl|efìzn! Uml hiszu nlauiba ia Sbnfa mizubsy bh lzufulz `fskls umfa jb|è cl

hfsnle cy f Wfulshfniìfz, {ium miz mb|zlmbè bh zbaz fae z`fxlz, bjj|sz {mla {l jbnl ubuml mbèiakz bh uml Sbnfa wfusijifaz! Umlzl kslfu wsbwsilubsz fwwlfs ub mfxl mfe ab ielf bh fay zyzuln bh hfsniak cy hsll ulafauz! Umlis `fuih|aeif zlln ub mfxl clla |aixlszf``yj|ùixfule cy z`fxl.kfakz, |aels cfiìhhz {mb {lsl umlnzl`xlz z`fxlz bs hsllenla4 fae umlba`y bskfaizfuiba fuulnwule fwwlfsz ub mfxl jbazizule ia eixieiak uml iahlsibs z`fxlz iaubznf`` cbeilz, fae nfdiak umln uml wlj|ì|n bh uml cluuls fae us|zuils zbsu, {mb um|zfjv|isle f diae bh iaulslzu ia uml lhhijilajy bh umlis `fcb|s! Umiz zyzuln {fz, mb{lxls,lzwljif``y eizfexfaufklb|z ub bal j`fzz bh lzufule wsbwsilubsz, uml N|aijiwfìuilz!H|ajuibafsilz ia Iuf`y {lsl jmfakle {ium uml sfwieiuy {mijm bhula z|swsizlz |z ia uml

feniaizusfuiba bh Sbnl mlszl`h4 zb umfu uml z|wlsiaulaelajl bh f `fskl `faele ebnfia cy faIufìfa jbswbsfuiba n|zu mfxl clla l}jlzzixl`y inwlshlju! Fjjbseiak`y, {l fsl ubè umfu {iumuml n|aijiwfìuilz clkfa uml wsfjuijl bh `luuiak b|u fksi xljuik|`lz, umfu iz, bh `lfziak `fae hbs f wlswlu|iuy ub f hsll ulafau, fu f hi}le slau, fae |aels jlsufia jbaeiuibaz! Uml w`fa {fzfhuls{fsez l}ulazixl`y iniufule cy iaeixie|f` wsbwsilubsz, fae uml ulafau, {mbzl sl`fuiba ubuml b{als mfe bsikiaf``y clla elulsniale cy miz jbausfju, {fz z|czlv|lau`y sljbkaizle cyuml Wsèubs fz mfxiak minzl`h f v|fìhile wsbwsilubszmiw, {mijm ia uinl cljfnl dab{a fz faLnwmyul|ziz! Hsbn umiz wbiau uml mizubsy bh ula|sl wfsuz iaub u{b csfajmlz! Ia uml jb|szl bh umfu `bak wlsibe e|siak {mijm b|s sljbsez bh uml Sbnfa Lnwisl fsl nbzu iajbnw`lul, umlz`fxl.kfakz bh uml kslfu Sbnfa hfniìlz cljfnl usfazhbsnle iaub uml jb`bai, {mbzl bsikia

fae ziu|fuiba jbazuiu|ul bal bh uml bczj|slzu v|lzuibaz ia f`` mizubsy! [l nfy z|zwlju umfuumly {lsl hbsnle wfsu`y cy uml l`lxfuiba bh uml z`fxlz, fae wfsu`y cy uml elksfefuiba bh umlhsll hfsnlsz4 fae umfu umly wsbxl uml sijmls j`fzzlz bh uml Sbnfa Lnwisl ub mfxl cljbnlf{fsl bh uml iajslfzle xf`|l {mijm `faele wsbwlsuy bcufiaz {mla uml j|ùixfubs mfz faiaulslzu ia uml wsbe|jl bh uml `fae! [l dab{ umfu umlis zlsxiu|el {fz wsleif`4 umfu iu {faulenfay bh uml jmfsfjulsizuijz bh fczb`|ul z`fxlsy, fae umfu umly fjv|iuule umlis zlsxijl ub uml



63;

`fae`bse ia slaelsiak ub min f hi}le wbsuiba bh uml faa|f` jsbw! [l dab{ h|sumls umfu umlyz|sxixle f`` uml n|ufuibaz bh zbjiluy ia uml fajilau fae nbelsa {bsèz! Umb|km iaj`|ele iauml `b{ls jb|szlz bh uml hl|ef` zus|ju|sl, umly jbauia|le ia nfay jb|ausilz ub slaels ub uml`fae`bse wsljizl`y uml zfnl e|lz {mijm umly mfe wfie ub uml Sbnfa ebnia|z, fae hsbn f wfsuij|`fs j`fzz fnbak umln, uml jb`bai nleilufsii, {mb slzlsxle mf`h uml wsbe|jl hbs umlb{als, fsl elzjlaele uml nlufyls ulafausy, {mb zui`` jbae|ju uml j|ùixfuiba bh uml zbi` iaf`nbzu f`` uml Zb|um bh L|sbwl! Ba uml bumls mfae, uml Lnwmyul|ziz, ih {l nfy zb iaulswsluuml f``|zibaz ub iu ia uml Jbsw|z O|siz, cljfnl f hfxbsiul fae clalhijif` nbeihijfuiba bh

wsbwlsuy4 fae iu nfy cl jbaolju|sle umfu {mlslxls hsll hfsnlsz l}izule, iu {fz umiz ula|sl{mijm slk|`fule umlis iaulslzu ia uml `fae! Uml Wsèubs, fz mfz clla zfie, uslfule umlLnwmyul|uf fz f us|l wsbwsilubs! [mla loljule, ml {fz f``b{le ub sliazuful minzl`h cy f Slf`Fjuiba, uml eizuiajuixl cfekl bh wsbwsilufsy sikmu, fae ml {fz wsbuljule hsbn eizu|scfajl cyuml f|umbs bh miz `lfzl zb `bak fz uml jfaba, bs v|iu.slau, {fz w|aju|f``y wfie! C|u fu umlzfnl uinl iu n|zu abu cl z|wwbzle umfu uml b{alszmiw bh uml f|umbs bh uml `lfzl {fz liumls l}uiaju bs ebsnfau! Iu {fz dlwu fìxl cy f wb{ls bh sl.lausy ba aba.wfynlau bh uml slau, fsikmu bh wsl.lnwuiba ia jfzl bh zf`l, fae f jlsufia jbausb` bxls uml nbel bh j|ùixfuiba! [lmfxl, umlslhbsl, ia uml Lnwmyul|ziz f zusidiak l}fnw`l bh uml eb|c`l b{alszmiw {mijmjmfsfjulsizle hl|ef` wsbwlsuy, fae bal, nbslbxls, {mijm iz n|jm zinw`ls fae n|jm nbsl

lfzi`y iniufule umfa uml o|}ufwbziuiba bh `lkf` fae lv|iufc`l sikmuz! Uml mizubsy bh uml Sbnfaula|sl eblz abu lae, mb{lxls, fu umiz wbiau! [l mfxl j`lfs lxielajl umfu clu{lla uml kslfuhbsuslzzlz {mijm, eizwbzle f`bak uml ìal bh uml Smial fae Efa|cl, `bak zlj|sle uml hsbauils bh uml Lnwisl fkfiazu iuz cfscfsifa alikmcb|sz, umlsl l}ulaele f z|jjlzziba bh zusiwz bh `fae,uml fksi ìniusbwmi, {mijm {lsl bjj|wile cy xlulsfa zbèilsz bh uml Sbnfa fsny ba uml ulsnzbh fa Lnwmyul|ziz! Umlsl {fz f eb|c`l b{alszmiw! Uml Sbnfa Zuful {fz `fae`bse bh umlzbi`, c|u uml zbèilsz j|ùixfule iu {iumb|u eizu|scfajl zb `bak fz umly mlè umlnzl`xlz slfeyub cl jf``le b|u hbs niìufsy zlsxijl {mlalxls uml zuful bh uml cbsels zmb|è slv|isl iu! Iahfju, f zbsu bh kfssizba.e|uy, |aels f zyzuln j`bzl`y slzlncìak umfu bh uml niìufsy jb`bailz

ba uml F|zusb.U|sdizm cbsels, mfe ufdla uml w`fjl bh uml v|iu.slau {mijm {fz uml zlsxijl bh uml bseiafsy Lnwmyul|uf! Iu zllnz inwbzzic`l ub eb|cu umfu umiz {fz uml wsljlelau jbwile cyuml cfscfsifa nbafsjmz {mb hb|aele hl|efìzn! Iu mfe clla {iumia umlis xil{ hbs zbnlm|aesle ylfsz, fae nfay bh uml xlulsfaz {mb k|fsele uml cbsels {lsl, iu iz ub clslnlnclsle, umlnzl`xlz bh cfscfsifa l}usfjuiba, {mb wsbcfc`y zwbdl uml Klsnfaij ubak|lz! Abu ba`y eblz uml wsb}iniuy bh zb lfzi`y hb``b{le f nbel` l}w`fia {mlajl uml Hsfadizm fae@bncfse Zbxlslikaz kbu uml ielf bh zlj|siak uml niìufsy zlsxijl bh umlis hb``b{lsz cyksfauiak f{fy wbsuibaz bh umlis w|cìj ebnfia4 c|u iu wlsmfwz l}w`fiaz uml ulaelajy {mijminnleiful`y zmb{le iuzl`h ia uml Clalhijlz ub cljbnl mlsleiufsy, hbs fa Lnwmyul|ziz,umb|km jfwfc`l bh cliak nb|èle ub uml ulsnz bh uml bsikiaf` jbausfju, alxlsuml`lzz

elzjlaele fz f klalsf` s|`l ub uml mlisz bh uml ksfaull! Iu iz us|l umfu uml mbèls bh f clalhijl,fae nbsl sljlau`y uml `bse bh bal bh umbzl hilhz iaub {mijm uml clalhijlz {lsl usfazhbsnle,fwwlfsz ub mfxl b{le jlsufia zlsxijlz {mijm {lsl abu ìdl`y ub mfxl clla slaelsle cy umlniìufsy jb`baizu, fae {lsl jlsufia`y abu slaelsle cy uml Lnwmyul|uf! Uml e|uy bh slzwljufae ksfuiu|el ub uml hl|ef` z|wlsibs, uml bcìkfuiba ub fzzizu ia laeb{iak miz ef|kmuls faelv|iwwiak miz zba, uml ìfciìuy ub miz k|fseifazmiw ia niabsiuy, fae nfay bumls zini`fs



63=

iajielauz bh ula|sl, n|zu mfxl clla ìulsf``y cbssb{le hsbn uml sl`fuibaz bh Wfusba faeHsllenfa |aels Sbnfa `f{, umfu iz, bh v|baefn.nfzuls fae v|baefn.z`fxl! C|u umla iu izdab{a umfu uml lfsìlzu clalhijifsilz {lsl uml wlszbaf` jbnwfaibaz bh uml zbxlslika, fae iu iziaeizw|ufc`l umfu umiz wbziuiba, csi`ìfau fz iu zllnz, {fz fu hiszu fuulaele cy zbnl zmfel bh zlsxi`l elcfzlnlau! Uml wlszba {mb niaizulsle ub uml Zbxlslika ia miz Jb|su mfe kixla |wzbnlumiak bh umfu fczb`|ul wlszbaf` hsllebn {mijm {fz uml wsb|elzu wsixi`lkl bh uml f``beif` wsbwsilubs!



639

JMFWULS I]! UML LFS@Y MIZUBSY BH JBAUSFJU!Umlsl fsl hl{ klalsf` wsbwbziuibaz jbajlsaiak uml fkl ub {mijm {l cl`bak {mijm

zlln fu hiszu zikmu ìdl`y ub cl sljlixle {ium slfeils jbaj|sslajl umfa uml fzzlsuiba umfu umlzbjiluy bh b|s efy iz nfia`y eizuiak|izmle hsbn umfu bh wsljleiak klalsfuibaz cy uml`fsklalzz bh uml zwmlsl {mijm iz bjj|wile ia iu cy Jbausfju! Zbnl bh uml wmlabnlaf ba{mijm umiz wsbwbziuiba slzuz fsl fnbak umbzl nbzu hslv|lau`y ziak`le b|u hbs abuijl, hbs jbnnlau, fae hbs l|`bky! Abu nfay bh |z fsl zb |abczlsxfau fz abu ub wlsjlixl umfu iaiaa|nlsfc`l jfzlz {mlsl bè `f{ hi}le f nfa’z zbjif` wbziuiba isslxlszic`y fu miz cisum,nbelsa `f{ f``b{z min ub jslful iu hbs minzl`h cy jbaxlauiba4 fae iaelle zlxlsf` bh uml hl{

l}jlwuibaz {mijm slnfia ub umiz s|`l fsl jbazufau`y elab|ajle {ium wfzzibaful iaeikafuiba!Uml wbiau, hbs iazufajl, {mijm iz slf``y elcfule ia uml xikbsb|z jbausbxlszy zui`` jfssile ba|wba uml z|colju bh alksb zlsxiu|el, iz {mlumls uml zufu|z bh uml z`fxl eblz abu cl`bak ub cy.kbal iazuiu|uibaz, fae {mlumls uml ba`y sl`fuiba clu{lla lnw`byls fae `fcb|sls {mijmjbnnlaez iuzl`h ub nbelsa nbsfìuy cl abu f sl`fuiba elulsniale l}j`|zixl`y cy jbausfju!Uml sljbkaiuiba bh umiz eihhlslajl clu{lla wfzu fklz fae uml wslzlau laulsz iaub uml xlsylzzlajl bh uml nbzu hfnb|z jbaulnwbsfsy zwlj|`fuibaz! Iu iz jlsufia umfu uml zjilajl bh Wbìuijf` Ljbabny, uml ba`y elwfsunlau bh nbsf` iav|isy {mijm mfz nfel fay jbazielsfc`l wsbkslzz ia b|s efy, {b|è hfi` ub jbsslzwbae {ium uml hfjuz bh ìhl ih iu {lsl abu us|l umfu

Inwlsfuixl @f{ mfe fcfaebale uml `fsklzu wfsu bh uml hilè {mijm iu bajl bjj|wile, fae mfe`lhu nla ub zluu`l s|`lz bh jbae|ju hbs umlnzl`xlz {ium f ìclsuy alxls f``b{le ub umln ui``sljlau`y! Uml cifz iaelle bh nbzu wlszbaz usfiale ia wbìuijf` ljbabny iz ub jbaziels umlklalsf` us|um ba {mijm umlis zjilajl slwbzlz fz lauiu`le ub cljbnl |aixlszf`, fae, {mla umlyfww`y iu fz fa fsu, umlis lhhbsuz fsl bseiafsi`y eisljule ub la`fskiak uml wsbxiajl bh Jbausfjufae ub j|sufiìak umfu bh Inwlsfuixl @f{, l}jlwu zb hfs fz `f{ iz aljlzzfsy ub lahbsjl uml wlshbsnfajl bh Jbausfjuz! Uml inw|`zl kixla cy umiadlsz {mb fsl |aels uml iah`|lajl bh umlzl ielfz iz clkiaaiak ub cl xlsy zusbak`y hlù ia uml [lzulsa {bsè! @lkiz`fuiba mfz alfs`yjbahlzzle iuz iafciìuy ub dllw wfjl {ium uml fjuixiuy bh nfa ia eizjbxlsy, ia iaxlauiba, fae iauml nfaiw|`fuiba bh fjj|n|`fule {lfùm4 fae uml `f{ lxla bh uml `lfzu fexfajle

jbnn|aiuilz ulaez nbsl fae nbsl ub cljbnl f nlsl z|shfjl.zusfu|n, mfxiak |aels iu falxls.jmfakiak fzzlnc`fkl bh jbausfju|f` s|`lz {ium {mijm iu sfsl`y iaulshlslz l}jlwu ubjbnwl` jbnwìfajl {ium f hl{ h|aefnlauf` wsiajiw`lz, bs |a`lzz iu cl jf``le ia ub w|aizm umlxib`fuiba bh kbbe hfium!



6:7

Zbjif` iav|isilz, zb hfs fz umly elwlae ba uml jbazielsfuiba bh `lkf` wmlabnlaf, fsl iazb cfjd{fse f jbaeiuiba umfu {l alle abu cl z|swsizle fu abu hiaeiak umlzl us|umz sljbkaizleia uml jbnnbaw`fjlz {mijm wfzz j|sslau jbajlsaiak uml wsbkslzz bh zbjiluy! Umlzljbnnbaw`fjlz faz{ls n|jm nbsl ub b|s wslo|eijlz umfa ub b|s jbaxijuibaz! Uml zusbakeiziajìafuiba bh nbzu nla ub slkfse nbsfìuy fz fexfajiak zllnz ub cl lzwljif``y wb{lsh|`{mla uml xisu|lz ba {mijm Jbausfju elwlaez fsl ia v|lzuiba, fae nfay bh |z mfxl fa f`nbzuiazuiajuixl sl`|jufajl ub feniuuiak umfu kbbe hfium fae us|zu ia b|s hl``b{z fsl nbsl {iel`yeihh|zle umfa bh bè, bs umfu umlsl iz fayumiak ia jbaulnwbsfsy nfaalsz {mijm wfsf``l`z uml

`byfùy bh uml fauiv|l {bsè! Hsbn uinl ub uinl, umlzl wslwbzzlzzibaz fsl kslfu`yzuslakumlale cy uml zwljufj`l bh hsf|ez, |amlfse bh clhbsl uml wlsibe fu {mijm umly {lslbczlsxle, fae fzubaizmiak hsbn umlis jbnwìjfuiba fz {l`` zmbjdiak hsbn jsiniafìuy! C|u umlxlsy jmfsfjuls bh umlzl hsf|ez zmb{z j`lfs`y umfu, clhbsl umly cljfnl wbzzic`l, uml nbsf`bcìkfuibaz bh {mijm umly fsl uml cslfjm n|zu mfxl clla nbsl umfa wsbwbsuibaful`yelxl`bwle! Iu iz uml jbahielajl slwbzle fae elzlsxle cy uml nfay {mijm fhhbsez hfjiìuilz hbs uml cfe hfium bh uml hl{, zb umfu, ih jb`bzzf` l}fnw`lz bh eizmbalzuy bjj|s, umlsl iz ab z|sls jbaj`|ziba umfa umfu zjs|w|`b|z mbalzuy iz eizw`fyle ia uml fxlsfkl bh uml usfazfjuibaz{mijm, ia uml wfsuij|`fs jfzl, mfxl z|wwìle uml elìav|lau {ium miz bwwbsu|aiuy! Ih {l iazizuba slfeiak uml mizubsy bh nbsfìuy fz slh`ljule ia o|sizws|elajl, cy u|saiak b|s lylz abu ba

uml `f{ bh Jbausfju c|u ba uml `f{ bh Jsinl, {l n|zu cl jfslh|` umfu {l slfe iu fsikmu! Umlba`y hbsn bh eizmbalzuy uslfule bh ia uml nbzu fajilau Sbnfa `f{ iz Umlhu! Fu uml nbnlau fu{mijm I {siul, uml al{lzu jmfwuls ia uml Lakìzm jsiniaf` `f{ iz bal {mijm fuulnwuz ub wslzjsicl w|aizmnlau hbs uml hsf|ez bh Us|zullz! Uml wsbwls iahlslajl hsbn umiz jbausfzu izabu umfu uml wsiniuixl Sbnfaz wsfjuizle f mikmls nbsfìuy umfa b|szl`xlz! [l zmb|è sfumls zfy umfu, ia uml iaulsxf` clu{lla umlis efy fae b|sz, nbsfìuy mfe fexfajle hsbn f xlsy s|elub f mikm`y slhiale jbajlwuiba―hsbn xil{iak uml sikmuz bh wsbwlsuy fz l}j`|zixl`y zfjsle, ub`bbdiak |wba uml sikmuz ksb{iak b|u bh uml nlsl |ai`fulsf` slwbzf` bh jbahielajl fz lauiu`leub uml wsbuljuiba bh uml wlaf` `f{!

Uml elhiaiul umlbsilz bh o|sizuz fsl zjfsjl`y alfsls uml us|um ia umiz wbiau umfa umlbwiaibaz bh uml n|ùiu|el! Ub clkia {ium uml xil{z bh uml Sbnfa `f{ylsz, {l hiae umlniajbazizulau {ium uml us|l mizubsy bh nbsf` fae `lkf` wsbkslzz! Bal j`fzz bh jbausfjuz, ia{mijm uml wìkmule hfium bh uml jbausfjuiak wfsuilz {fz uml ba`y nfulsif` iaksleilau, umlyzwljihijf``y elabniafule Jbausfjuz o|siz klaui|n, fae umb|km umlzl jbausfjuz {lsl|aeb|cule`y uml `fulzu cbsa iaub uml Sbnfa zyzuln, uml l}wslzziba lnw`byle inwìlz, ih felhiaiul nlfaiak cl l}usfjule hsbn iu, umfu umly {lsl nbsl fajilau umfa jlsufia bumls hbsnzbh lakfklnlau uslfule bh ia Sbnfa `f{, ia {mijm uml alk`lju bh f nlsl uljmaijf` hbsnfìuy{fz fz hfuf` ub uml bcìkfuiba fz niz|aelszufaeiak bs eljliu! C|u umla uml fauiv|iuy ub {mijm

umly {lsl slhlssle {fz xfk|l, zmfeb{y, fae ba`y jfwfc`l bh cliak |aelszubbe umsb|km umlWslzlau4 abs {fz iu |aui` uml `fak|fkl bh uml Sbnfa `f{ylsz cljfnl uml `fak|fkl bh fa fkl{mijm mfe `bzu uml dly ub umlis nbel bh umb|kmu umfu f ‐Jbausfju bh uml @f{ bh Afuibaz„jfnl ub cl eizuiaju`y `bbdle |wba fz f Jbausfju dab{a ub nfa ia f zuful bh Afu|sl! Sb|zzlf|febwule cbum uml o|eijif` fae uml wbw|`fs lssbs! Ia uml Eizzlsufuiba ba uml lhhljuz bh Fsu faeZjilajl |wba Nbsf`z, uml hiszu bh miz {bsdz {mijm fuusfjule fuulauiba fae uml bal ia {mijm ml



6:3

umslfulale, iu iz nbzu |al}jlwuibafc`l4 c|u ih uml iahlslajl cl bcufiale hsbn iu umfu zbjiluyjb|è abu wbzzic`y mbè ubklumls {iumb|u fuufjmiak f zfjslealzz ub wsbnizlz fae fksllnlauz{mijm zmb|è cl ba zbnlumiak ìdl f wfs {ium uml slzwlju umfu iz wfie ub umln cy f nfu|sljixiìzfuiba, iu iaxb`xlz fa lssbs zb ksfxl fz ub cl hfuf` ub f`` zb|ae |aelszufaeiak bh `lkf`mizubsy! Uml hfju iz umfu uml Usbk`beyulz mfxl h`b|sizmle fae hb|aele wb{lsh|` zufulz {iumxlsy znf`` fuulauiba ub uml bcìkfuibaz bh Jbausfju! Uml wbiau {mijm clhbsl f`` bumlsz mfz ub cl fwwslmlaele ia uml jbazuiu|uiba bh wsiniuixl zbjiluilz iz umfu uml iaeixie|f` jslfulz hbs minzl`h hl{ bs ab sikmuz, fae hl{ bs ab e|uilz! Uml s|`lz {mijm ml bclyz fsl elsixle hiszu

hsbn uml zufuiba iaub {mijm ml iz cbsa, fae al}u hsbn uml inwlsfuixl jbnnfaez feeslzzle ubmin cy uml jmilh bh uml mb|zlmbè bh {mijm ml hbsnz f wfsu! Z|jm f zyzuln `lfxlz uml xlsyznf``lzu sbbn hbs Jbausfju! Uml nlnclsz bh uml zfnl hfni`y -hbs zb {l nfy iaulswslu umllxielajl) fsl {mb``y iajfwfc`l bh jbausfjuiak {ium lfjm bumls, fae uml hfni`y iz lauiu`le ubeizslkfse uml lakfklnlauz cy {mijm fay bal bh iuz z|cbseiaful nlnclsz mfz fuulnwule ub ciae iu! Hfni`y, iu iz us|l, nfy jbausfju {ium hfni`y, fae jmilhufia {ium jmilhufia, c|u umlusfazfjuiba iz bal bh uml zfnl afu|sl, fae laj|nclsle cy fz nfay hbsnfìuilz, fz umlfìlafuiba bh wsbwlsuy, fae uml eizslkfse bh bal ibuf bh uml wlshbsnfajl iz hfuf` ub umlbcìkfuiba! Uml wbziuixl e|uy slz|ùiak hsbn bal nfa’z slìfajl ba uml {bse bh fabumls izfnbak uml z`b{lzu jbav|lzuz bh fexfajiak jixiìzfuiba!

Aliumls Fajilau @f{ abs fay bumls zb|sjl bh lxielajl eizj`bzlz ub |z zbjiluy lauisl`yelzuiu|ul bh uml jbajlwuiba bh Jbausfju! C|u uml jbajlwuiba, {mla iu hiszu zmb{z iuzl`h, izbcxib|z`y s|einlaufsy! Ab us|zu{bsumy wsiniuixl sljbse jfa cl slfe {iumb|u wlsjlixiak umfuuml mfciu bh niae {mijm iae|jlz |z ub nfdl kbbe f wsbnizl iz fz ylu inwlshlju`y elxl`bwle,fae umfu fjuz bh h`fksfau wlshiey fsl bhula nlauibale {iumb|u c`fnl fae zbnluinlz elzjsicle{ium fwwsbcfuiba! Ia uml Mbnlsij ìulsfu|sl, hbs iazufajl, uml eljliuh|` j|aaiak bh \`yzzlzfwwlfsz fz f xisu|l bh uml zfnl sfad {ium uml ws|elajl bh Alzubs, uml jbazufajy bh Mljubs,fae uml kf``fausy bh Fjmi``lz! Fajilau `f{ iz zui`` nbsl z|kklzuixl bh uml eizufajl {mijm

zlwfsfulz uml js|el hbsn bh Jbausfju hsbn iuz nfu|siuy! Fu hiszu, abumiak iz zlla ìdl umliaulswbziuiba bh `f{ ub jbnwl` uml wlshbsnfajl bh f wsbnizl! Umfu {mijm uml `f{ fsnz {iumiuz zfajuibaz iz abu f wsbnizl, c|u f wsbnizl fjjbnwfaile {ium f zb`lna jlslnbaif`! Abuba`y fsl uml hbsnfìuilz bh lv|f` inwbsufajl {ium uml wsbnizl iuzl`h, c|u umly fsl, ih fayumiak,bh kslfuls inwbsufajl4 hbs umfu elìjful faf`yziz {mijm nfu|sl o|sizws|elajl fwwìlz ub umljbaeiuibaz bh niae |aels {mijm f wfsuij|`fs xlscf` fzzlau iz kixla fwwlfsz, ia fajilau `f{, ub cl usfazhlssle ub uml {bsez fae klzu|slz bh uml fjjbnwfayiak wlshbsnfajl! Ab w`lekl izlahbsjle ih f ziak`l hbsn cl bniuule bs nizw`fjle, c|u, ba uml bumls mfae, ih uml hbsnz jfa clzmb{a ub mfxl clla fjj|sful`y wsbjllele {ium, iu iz bh ab fxfi` ub w`lfe umfu uml wsbnizl {fznfel |aels e|slzz bs eljlwuiba! Uml usfazn|ufuiba bh umiz fajilau xil{ iaub uml hfniìfs

abuiba bh f Jbausfju iz w`fia`y zlla ia uml mizubsy bh o|sizws|elajl! Hiszu bal bs u{b zulwz iauml jlslnbaif` fsl eizwlazle {ium4 umla uml bumlsz fsl zinwìhile bs wlsniuule ub cl alk`ljuleba jlsufia jbaeiuibaz4 `fzu`y, f hl{ zwljihij jbausfjuz fsl zlwfsfule hsbn uml slzu fae f``b{leub cl laulsle iaub {iumb|u hbsn, uml zl`ljule jbausfjuz cliak umbzl ba {mijm uml fjuixiuy faelalsky bh zbjif` iaulsjb|szl elwlae! Z`b{`y, c|u nbzu eizuiaju`y, uml nlauf` lakfklnlauizb`fulz iuzl`h fnie uml uljmaijfìuilz, fae ksfe|f``y cljbnlz uml zb`l iaksleilau ba {mijm uml



6::

iaulslzu bh uml o|sizjbaz|ù iz jbajlausfule! Z|jm f nlauf` lakfklnlau, zikaihile umsb|kml}ulsaf` fjuz, uml Sbnfaz jf``le f Wfju bs Jbaxlauiba4 fae {mla uml Jbaxlauiba mfz bajl clla jbajlixle fz uml a|j`l|z bh f Jbausfju, iu zbba cljbnlz uml ulaelajy bh fexfajiak o|sizws|elajl ub cslfd f{fy uml l}ulsaf` zml`` bh hbsn fae jlslnbay! Hbsnz fslumlajlhbs{fse ba`y slufiale zb hfs fz umly fsl k|fsfaullz bh f|umlauijiuy, fae zlj|siuilz hbs jf|uiba fae elìclsfuiba! Uml ielf bh f Jbausfju iz h|``y elxl`bwle, bs, ub lnw`by uml Sbnfa wmsfzl, Jbausfjuz fsl fczbscle ia Wfjuz!

Uml mizubsy bh umiz jb|szl bh jmfakl ia Sbnfa `f{ iz l}jlleiak`y iazus|juixl! Fu umllfsìlzu ef{a bh uml o|sizws|elajl, uml ulsn ia |zl hbs f Jbausfju {fz bal {mijm iz xlsyhfniìfs ub uml zu|elauz bh mizubsijf` @fuiaiuy! Iu {fz al}|n, fae uml wfsuilz ub uml jbausfju{lsl zfie ub cl al}i, l}wslzzibaz {mijm n|zu cl jfslh|``y fuulaele ub ba fjjb|au bh umlziak|`fs e|sfc`lalzz bh uml nlufwmbs ba {mijm umly fsl hb|aele! Uml abuiba umfu wlszbaz|aels f jbausfju|f` lakfklnlau fsl jbaaljule ubklumls cy f zusbak cbae bs jmfia, jbauia|leui`` uml `fzu ub iah`|lajl uml Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl bh Jbausfju4 fae h`b{iak umlajl iu mfzni}le iuzl`h {ium nbelsa ielfz! [mfu umla {fz iaxb`xle ia umiz al}|n bs cbae2 F elhiaiuiba{mijm mfz elzjlaele ub |z hsbn bal bh uml @fuia fauiv|fsifaz elzjsiclz al}|n fz bnalv|be klsiu|s wls èz lu ìcsfn, ‐lxlsy usfazfjuiba {ium uml jbwwls fae uml cf`fajl,„ fae umlzl

{bsez mfxl bjjfzibale f kbbe elf` bh wlsw`l}iuy! Uml jbwwls fae uml cf`fajl fsl uml {l``.dab{a fjjbnwfainlauz bh uml Nfajiwfuiba, uml fajilau zb`lnaiuy elzjsicle ia f hbsnls jmfwuls, cy {mijm uml sikmu bh b{alszmiw ia uml mikmlzu hbsn bh Sbnfa Wsbwlsuy {fzusfazhlssle hsbn bal wlszba ub fabumls! Nfajiwfuiba {fz f jbaxlyfajl, fae mlajl mfz fsizlauml eihhij|ùy, hbs uml elhiaiuiba um|z jiule fwwlfsz ub jbahb|ae Jbausfjuz fae Jbaxlyfajlz,{mijm ia uml wmi`bzbwmy bh o|sizws|elajl fsl abu zinw`y dlwu fwfsu, c|u fsl fju|f``y bwwbzleub lfjm bumls! Uml o|z ia sl, sikmu ia sln, sikmu ‐fxfiìak fkfiazu f`` uml {bsè,„ bs WsbwsilufsySikmu, iz zmfsw`y eizuiak|izmle cy uml faf`yzu bh nfu|sl o|sizws|elajl hsbn uml o|z fe sln,sikmu ia wlszbafn, sikmu ‐fxfiìak fkfiazu f ziak`l iaeixie|f` bs ksb|w,„ bs Bcìkfuiba! Ab{

Jbaxlyfajlz usfazhls Wsbwsilufsy Sikmuz, Jbausfjuz jslful Bcìkfuibaz―mb{ umla jfa umlu{b cl iaj`|ele |aels uml zfnl afnl bs zfnl klalsf` jbajlwuiba2 Umiz, ìdl nfay zini`fs lncfssfzznlauz, mfz clla bjjfzibale cy uml lssbs bh fzjsiciak ub uml nlauf` jbaeiuiba bh fa|ahbsnle zbjiluy f hfj|ùy {mijm wsl.lnialau`y cl`bakz ub fa fexfajle zufkl bh iaul``lju|fèlxl`bwnlau, uml hfj|ùy bh eizuiak|izmiak ia zwlj|`fuiba ielfz {mijm fsl c`laele ia wsfjuijl! [l mfxl iaeijfuibaz abu ub cl nizufdla bh f zuful bh zbjif` fhhfisz ia {mijmJbaxlyfajlz fae Jbausfjuz {lsl wsfjuijf``y jbahb|aele4 abs eie uml eizjslwfajl bh umljbajlwuibaz cljbnl wlsjlwuic`l ui`` nla mfe clk|a ub febwu f eizuiaju wsfjuijl ia jbausfjuiakfae jbaxlyiak!

Iu nfy mlsl cl bczlsxle umfu {l dab{ lab|km bh fajilau Sbnfa `f{ ub kixl zbnlielf bh uml nbel bh usfazhbsnfuiba hb``b{le cy `lkf` jbajlwuibaz fae cy `lkf` wmsfzlb`bkyia uml iahfajy bh O|sizws|elajl! Uml jmfakl {mijm umly |aelskb fwwlfsz ub cl f jmfakl hsbnklalsf` ub zwljif`4 bs, fz {l nikmu bumls{izl l}wslzz iu, uml fajilau jbajlwuibaz fae umlfajilau ulsnz fsl z|coljule ub f wsbjlzz bh ksfe|f` zwljifìzfuiba! Fa fajilau `lkf`jbajlwuiba jbsslzwbaez abu ub bal c|u ub zlxlsf` nbelsa jbajlwuibaz! Fa fajilau uljmaijf`



6:5

l}wslzziba zlsxlz ub iaeijful f xfsiluy bh umiakz {mijm ia nbelsa `f{ mfxl zlwfsful afnlzf``buule ub umln! Ih, mb{lxls, {l ufdl |w uml mizubsy bh O|sizws|elajl fu uml al}u zufkl, {lhiae umfu uml z|cbseiaful jbajlwuibaz mfxl ksfe|f``y eizlakfkle umlnzl`xlz, fae umfu uml bèklalsf` afnlz fsl kixiak {fy ub zwljif` fwwl``fuibaz! Uml bè klalsf` jbajlwuiba iz abubcìulsfule, c|u iu mfz jlfzle ub jbxls nbsl umfa bal bs f hl{ bh uml abuibaz {mijm iu hiszuiaj`|ele! Zb ubb uml bè uljmaijf` afnl slnfiaz, c|u iu eizjmfsklz ba`y bal bh uml h|ajuibaz{mijm iu bajl wlshbsnle! [l nfy l}lnwìhy umiz wmlabnlaba ia xfsib|z {fyz! Wfusifsjmf`Wb{ls bh f`` zbsuz fwwlfsz, hbs iazufajl, ub mfxl clla bajl jbajlixle fz ielauijf` ia

jmfsfjuls, fae iu {fz eb|cu`lzz eizuiak|izmle cy bal afnl! Uml Wb{ls l}lsjizle cy umlfajlzubs {fz uml zfnl {mlumls iu {fz l}lsjizle bxls uml hfni`y bs uml nfulsif` wsbwlsuy― bxls h`bjdz, mlsez, z`fxlz, jmièsla, bs {ihl! [l jfaabu cl fczb`|ul`y jlsufia bh iuz bèSbnfa afnl, c|u umlsl iz xlsy zusbak slfzba hbs clìlxiak, hsbn uml a|ncls bh l}wslzzibaziaeijfuiak zmfelz bh uml abuiba bh wb{ls iaub {mijm uml {bse nfa|z laulsz, umfu uml fajilauklalsf` ulsn {fz nfa|z! C|u, {mla Sbnfa `f{ mfz fexfajle f ìuu`l, cbum uml afnl fae umlielf mfxl cljbnl zwljifìzle! Wb{ls iz eizjsiniafule, cbum ia {bse fae ia jbajlwuiba,fjjbseiak ub uml bcolju bxls {mijm iu iz l}lsule! L}lsjizle bxls nfulsif` jbnnbeiuilz bs z`fxlz, iu mfz cljbnl ebniai|n―bxls jmièsla iu iz Wbulzufz―bxls hsll wlszbaz {mbzlzlsxijlz mfxl clla nfel f{fy ub fabumls cy umlis b{a fajlzubs, iu iz nfajiwi|n―bxls f

{ihl, iu iz zui`` nfa|z! Uml bè {bse, iu {i`` cl wlsjlixle, mfz abu fùbklumls hf``la iaubelz|lu|el, c|u iz jbahiale ub bal xlsy zwljif` l}lsjizl bh uml f|umbsiuy iu mfe hbsnls`yelabule! Umiz l}fnw`l {i`` lafc`l |z ub jbnwslmlae uml afu|sl bh uml mizubsijf` f`ìfajl clu{lla Jbausfjuz fae Jbaxlyfajlz! Umlsl zllnz ub mfxl clla bal zb`lna jlslnbaif` fuhiszu hbs f`` zb`lna usfazfjuibaz, fae iuz afnl fu Sbnl fwwlfsz ub mfxl clla al}|n!Wsljizl`y uml zfnl hbsnz {mijm {lsl ia |zl {mla f jbaxlyfajl bh wsbwlsuy {fz lhhljulezlln ub mfxl clla lnw`byle ia uml nfdiak bh f jbausfju! C|u {l mfxl abu xlsy hfs ub nbxlba{fsez clhbsl {l jbnl ub f wlsibe fu {mijm uml abuiba bh f Jbausfju mfz eizlakfkle iuzl`h hsbn uml abuiba bh f Jbaxlyfajl! F eb|c`l jmfakl mfz um|z ufdla w`fjl! Uml usfazfjuiba

‐{ium uml jbwwls fae uml cf`fajl,„ {mla iaulaele ub mfxl hbs iuz bhhijl uml usfazhls bh wsbwlsuy, iz dab{a cy uml al{ fae zwljif` afnl bh Nfajiwfuiba! Uml fajilau Al}|n zui`èlzikafulz uml zfnl jlslnbay, c|u ba`y {mla iu iz lnw`byle hbs uml zwljif` w|swbzl bh zb`lnaiziak f jbausfju!

[mla u{b bs umsll `lkf` jbajlwuibaz fsl zwbdla bh fz fajilau`y c`laele ia bal, iu izabu iaulaele ub inw`y umfu zbnl bal bh uml iaj`|ele abuibaz nfy abu cl bèls umfa uml bumlsz,bs, {mla umbzl bumlsz mfxl clla hbsnle, nfy abu kslfu`y wslebniaful bxls fae ufdl wsljlelajl bxls umln! Uml slfzba {my bal `lkf` jbajlwuiba jbauia|lz zb `bak ub jbxls zlxlsf` jbajlwuibaz, fae bal uljmaijf` wmsfzl ub eb iazulfe bh zlxlsf`, iz eb|cu`lzz umfu

wsfjuijf` jmfaklz fsl fjjbnwìzmle ia uml `f{ bh wsiniuixl zbjiluilz `bak clhbsl nla zllbjjfziba ub abuijl bs afnl umln! Umb|km I mfxl zfie umfu Wfusifsjmf` Wb{ls {fz abu fu hiszueizuiak|izmle fjjbseiak ub uml bcoljuz bxls {mijm iu {fz l}lsjizle, I hll` z|sl umfu Wb{ls bxls Jmièsla {fz uml sbbu bh uml bè jbajlwuiba bh Wb{ls4 fae I jfaabu eb|cu umfu umllfsìlzu |zl bh uml Al}|n, fae uml bal wsinfsi`y slkfsele cy umbzl {mb slzbsule ub iu, {fz ubkixl wsbwls zb`lnaiuy ub uml fìlafuiba bh wsbwlsuy! Iu iz ìdl`y umfu f xlsy zìkmu wlsxlsziba bh



6:8

ub uml elcubs, {l jfa cluuls jbnwslmlae miz wbziuiba ia uml lyl bh uml w|cìj fae bh uml `f{!Miz iaelculealzz {fz eb|cu`lzz slkfsele fz fa fabnf`y, fae z|zwlazl bh wfynlau ia klalsf`fz fa fsuihijl fae f eizubsuiba bh zusiju s|`l! Uml wlszba {mb mfe e|`y jbaz|nnfule miz wfsuia uml usfazfjuiba n|zu, ba uml jbausfsy, mfxl zubbe ia wlj|ìfs hfxb|s4 fae abumiak {b|èzlln nbsl afu|sf` umfa ub fsn min {ium zusiaklau hfjiìuilz hbs lahbsjiak uml jbnw`luiba bh f wsbjlleiak {mijm, bh zusiju sikmu, b|kmu alxls ub mfxl clla l}ulaele bs elhlssle!

Al}|n, umlslhbsl, {mijm bsikiaf``y zikaihile f Jbaxlyfajl bh wsbwlsuy, jfnl

iazlazic`y ub elabul f Jbausfju f`zb, fae |ùinful`y zb jbazufau cljfnl uml fzzbjifuiba clu{lla umiz {bse fae uml abuiba bh f Jbausfju, umfu f zwljif` ulsn, Nfajiwi|n bs Nfajiwfuib, mfe ub cl |zle hbs uml w|swbzl bh elzikafuiak uml us|l al}|n bs usfazfjuiba ia{mijm uml wsbwlsuy {fz slf``y usfazhlssle! Jbausfjuz fsl umlslhbsl ab{ zlxlsle hsbnJbaxlyfajlz, fae uml hiszu zufkl ia umlis mizubsy iz fjjbnwìzmle, c|u zui`` umly fsl hfs lab|kmhsbn umfu lwbjm bh umlis elxl`bwnlau {mla uml wsbnizl bh uml jbausfjubs mfz f mikmls zfjslealzz umfa uml hbsnfìuilz {ium {mijm iu iz jb|w`le! Ia fuulnwuiak ub iaeijful umljmfsfjuls bh uml jmfaklz wfzzle umsb|km ia umiz iaulsxf`, iu iz aljlzzfsy ub uslzwfzz f ìuu`l ba fz|colju {mijm ìlz wsbwls`y clybae uml sfakl bh umlzl wfklz, uml faf`yziz bh Fksllnlaulhhljule cy uml Sbnfa o|sizjbaz|ùz! Bh umiz faf`yziz, uml nbzu clf|uih|` nba|nlau bh umlis

zfkfjiuy, I alle abu zfy nbsl umfa umfu iu iz cfzle ba uml umlbsluijf` zlwfsfuiba bh umlBcìkfuiba hsbn uml Jbaxlauiba bs Wfju! Claumfn fae Ns! F|zuia mfxl `fie eb{a umfu uml‐u{b nfia lzzlauif`z bh f jbausfju fsl umlzl? hiszu, f zikaihijfuiba cy uml wsbniziak wfsuy bh miz iaulauiba ub eb uml fjuz bs ub bczlsxl uml hbsclfsfajlz {mijm ml wsbnizlz ub eb bs ubbczlsxl! Zljbae`y, f zikaihijfuiba cy uml wsbnizll umfu ml l}wljuz uml wsbniziak wfsuy {i``h|`hi` uml wsbhhlssle wsbnizl!„ Umiz iz xisu|f``y ielauijf` {ium uml ebjusial bh uml Sbnfa`f{ylsz, c|u umla, ia umlis xil{, uml slz|ù bh umlzl ‐zikaihijfuibaz„ {fz abu f Jbausfju, c|u fJbaxlauiba bs Wfju! F Wfju {fz uml |unbzu wsbe|ju bh uml lakfklnlauz bh iaeixie|f`zfkslliak fnbak umlnzl`xlz, fae iu eizuiaju`y hl`` zmbsu bh f Jbausfju! [mlumls iu |ùinful`y

cljfnl f Jbausfju elwlaele ba uml v|lzuiba {mlumls uml `f{ faal}le fa Bcìkfuiba ub iu! FJbausfju {fz f Wfju -bs Jbaxlauiba) w`|z fa Bcìkfuiba! Zb `bak fz uml Wfju slnfiale|aj`bumle {ium uml Bcìkfuiba, iu {fz jf``le a|el bs afdle!

[mfu {fz fa Bcìkfuiba2 Iu iz elhiale cy uml Sbnfa `f{ylsz fz ‐O|siz xiaj|`|n, v|baljlzziuful fezusiakin|s fìj|o|z zb`xlaeè sli!„ Umiz elhiaiuiba jbaaljuz uml Bcìkfuiba {iumuml Al}|n umsb|km uml jbnnba nlufwmbs ba {mijm umly fsl hb|aele, fae zmb{z |z {iumn|jm j`lfsalzz uml wleiksll bh f wlj|ìfs jbajlwuiba! Uml bcìkfuiba iz uml ‐cbae„ bs ‐jmfia,„ {ium {mijm uml `f{ obiaz ubklumls wlszbaz bs ksb|wz bh wlszbaz, ia jbazlv|lajl bh jlsufia xb`|aufsy fjuz! Uml fjuz {mijm mfxl uml lhhlju bh fuusfjuiak fa Bcìkfuiba fsl jmilh`y

umbzl j`fzzle |aels uml mlfez bh Jbausfju fae Elìju, bh Fksllnlau fae [sbak4 c|u f xfsiluybh bumls fjuz mfxl f zini`fs jbazlv|lajl {mijm fsl abu jfwfc`l bh cliak jbnwsizle ia fal}fju j`fzzihijfuiba! Iu iz ub cl slnfsdle, mb{lxls, umfu uml Wfju eblz abu esf{ ub iuzl`h umlBcìkfuiba ia jbazlv|lajl bh fay nbsf` aljlzziuy4 iu iz uml `f{ {mijm faal}lz iu ia uml w`laiu|el bh iuz wb{ls, f wbiau uml nbsl aljlzzfsy ub cl abule, cljf|zl f eihhlslau ebjusialmfz zbnluinlz clla wsbwb|aele cy nbelsa iaulswslulsz bh uml Jixi` @f{ {mb mfe nbsf` bs



6:;

nlufwmyzijf` umlbsilz bh umlis b{a ub z|wwbsu! Uml infkl bh f xiaj|`|n o|siz jb`b|sz fae wlsxfelz lxlsy wfsu bh uml Sbnfa `f{ bh Jbausfju fae Elìju! Uml `f{ cb|ae uml wfsuilzubklumls, fae uml jmfia jb|è ba`y cl |aebal cy uml wsbjlzz jf``le zb`|uib, fa l}wslzzibazui`` hik|sfuixl, ub {mijm b|s {bse ‐wfynlau„ iz ba`y bjjfzibaf``y fae iajielauf``ylv|ixf`lau! Uml jbazizulajy {ium {mijm uml hik|sfuixl infkl {fz f``b{le ub wslzlau iuzl`h,l}w`fiaz fa bumls{izl w|ìak wlj|ìfsiuy bh Sbnfa `lkf` wmsfzlb`bky, uml hfju umfu‐Bcìkfuiba„ zikaihilz sikmuz fz {l`` fz e|uilz, uml sikmu, hbs l}fnw`l, ub mfxl f elcu wfie fz{l`` fz uml e|uy bh wfyiak iu! Uml Sbnfaz dlwu, ia hfju, uml lauisl wiju|sl bh uml ‐`lkf` jmfia„

clhbsl umlis lylz, fae slkfsele bal lae bh iu ab nbsl fae ab `lzz umfa uml bumls!Ia uml elxl`bwle Sbnfa `f{, uml Jbaxlauiba, fz zbba fz iu {fz jbnw`lule, {fz, ia

f`nbzu f`` jfzlz, fu bajl jsb{ale {ium uml Bcìkfuiba, fae zb cljfnl f Jbausfju4 fae umiz{fz uml slz|ù ub {mijm jbausfju.`f{ {fz z|sl`y ulaeiak! C|u hbs uml w|swbzl bh umiz iav|isy,{l n|zu fuulae wfsuij|`fs`y ub uml iaulsnleiful zufkl―umfu ia {mijm zbnlumiak nbsl umfa f wlshlju fksllnlau {fz slv|isle ub fuusfju uml Bcìkfuiba! Umiz lwbjm iz zyajmsbab|z {ium uml wlsibe fu {mijm uml hfnb|z Sbnfa j`fzzihijfuiba bh Jbausfjuz iaub hb|s zbsuz―uml Xlscf`,uml @iulsf`, uml Slf`, fae uml Jbazlaz|f`―mfe jbnl iaub |zl, fae e|siak {mijm umlzl hb|s bselsz bh Jbausfju jbazuiu|ule uml ba`y elzjsiwuibaz bh lakfklnlau {mijm uml `f{ {b|è

lahbsjl! Uml nlfaiak bh uml hb|shbè eizusic|uiba iz slfei`y |aelszubbe fz zbba fz {lfwwslmlae uml umlbsy {mijm zlxlsle uml Bcìkfuiba hsbn uml Jbaxlauiba! Lfjm j`fzz bh jbausfjuz {fz ia hfju afnle hsbn jlsufia hbsnfìuilz {mijm {lsl slv|isle bxls fae fcbxl umlnlsl fksllnlau bh uml jbausfjuiak wfsuilz! Ia uml Xlscf` Jbausfju, fz zbba fz uml Jbaxlauiba{fz lhhljule, f hbsn bh {bsez mfe ub cl kbal umsb|km clhbsl uml xiaj|`|n o|siz {fz fuufjmleub iu! Ia uml @iulsf` Jbausfju, fa lausy ia f `lekls bs ufc`l.cbbd mfe uml lhhlju bh j`bumiak umlJbaxlauiba {ium uml Bcìkfuiba, fae uml zfnl slz|ù hb``b{le, ia uml jfzl bh uml Slf`Jbausfju, hsbn uml elìxlsy bh uml Slz bs Umiak {mijm {fz uml z|colju bh uml wslìniafsylakfklnlau! Uml Jbausfjuiak wfsuilz jfnl, ia zmbsu, ub fa |aelszufaeiak ia lfjm jfzl4 c|u, ih

umly {lau ab h|sumls, umly {lsl abu bcìkle ub bal fabumls, fae jb|è abu jbnwl` wlshbsnfajl bs fzd sleslzz hbs f cslfjm bh hfium! C|u `lu umln jbnw`y {ium jlsufia wslzjsiclehbsnfìuilz, fae uml Jbausfju {fz innleiful`y jbnw`lul, ufdiak iuz afnl hsbn uml wfsuij|`fs hbsn {mijm iu mfe z|iule umln ub febwu! Uml l}jlwuibaz ub umiz wsfjuijl {i`` cl abuijle wslzlau`y!

I mfxl la|nlsfule uml hb|s Jbausfjuz ia umlis mizubsijf` bsels, {mijm bsels, mb{lxls,uml Sbnfa Iazuiu|uibaf` {siulsz eie abu iaxfsifc`y hb``b{! Umlsl jfa cl ab eb|cu umfu umlXlscf` Jbausfju {fz uml nbzu fajilau bh uml hb|s, fae umfu iu iz uml lèlzu dab{a elzjlaefaubh uml wsiniuixl Al}|n! Zlxlsf` zwljilz bh Xlscf` Jbausfju {lsl fajilau`y ia |zl, c|u uml

nbzu inwbsufau bh f``, fae uml ba`y bal uslfule bh cy b|s f|umbsiuilz, {fz lhhljule cy nlfazbh f zuiw|`fuiba, umfu iz, f V|lzuiba fae Faz{ls4 f v|lzuiba feeslzzle cy uml wlszba {mbl}fjule uml wsbnizl, fae fa faz{ls kixla cy uml wlszba {mb nfel iu! Umiz v|lzuiba faefaz{ls jbazuiu|ule uml feeiuibaf` iaksleilau {mijm, fz I mfxl o|zu l}w`fiale, {fz elnfaele cy uml wsiniuixl abuiba bxls fae fcbxl uml nlsl fksllnlau bh uml wlszbaz iaulslzule! Umlyhbsnle uml fklajy cy {mijm uml Bcìkfuiba {fz faal}le! Uml bè Al}|n mfz ab{



6:=

clv|lfumle ub nfu|sls o|sizws|elajl hiszu bh f`` uml jbajlwuiba bh f jmfia |aiuiak umljbausfjuiak wfsuilz, fae umiz mfz cljbnl uml Bcìkfuiba! Iu mfz h|sumls usfazniuule uml abuibabh f jlslnbaif` fjjbnwfayiak fae jbazljsfuiak uml lakfklnlau, fae umiz jlslnbaif` mfz clla usfazn|ule iaub uml Zuiw|`fuiba! Uml jbaxlsziba bh uml zb`lna jbaxlyfajl, {mijm {fzuml wsbnialau hlfu|sl bh uml bsikiaf` Al}|n, iaub f nlsl v|lzuiba fae faz{ls, {b|è clnbsl bh f nyzulsy umfa iu iz ih {l mfe abu uml faf`bkb|z mizubsy bh Sbnfa Ulzufnlauz ublaìkmula |z! @bbdiak fu umfu mizubsy, {l jfa |aelszufae mb{ uml hbsnf` jbaxlyfajl {fzhiszu zlwfsfule hsbn uml wfsu bh uml wsbjlleiak {mijm mfe innleiful slhlslajl ub uml

c|zialzz ia mfae, fae mb{ fhuls{fsez iu {fz bniuule fùbklumls! Fz umla uml v|lzuiba faefaz{ls bh uml Zuiw|`fuiba {lsl |av|lzuibafc`y uml Al}|n ia f zinwìhile zmfwl, {l fsl wslwfsle ub hiae umfu umly `bak wfsubbd bh uml afu|sl bh f uljmaijf` ulsn! Iu {b|è cl fnizufdl ub jbaziels umln l}j`|zixl`y sljbnnlaeiak umlnzl`xlz ub uml bèls Sbnfa `f{ylszumsb|km umlis |zlh|àlzz ia h|saizmiak wlszbaz nleiufuiak fa fksllnlau {ium fa bwwbsu|aiuyhbs jbazielsfuiba fae slh`ljuiba! Iu iz abu ub cl eizw|ule umfu umly mfe f xf`|l bh umiz diae,{mijm {fz ksfe|f``y sljbkaizle4 c|u umlsl iz wsbbh umfu umlis h|ajuiba ia slzwlju ub Jbausfjuz{fz fu hiszu hbsnf` fae jlslnbaif` ia uml zufulnlau bh f|umbsiuilz, umfu abu lxlsy v|lzuiba faefaz{ls {fz bh bè z|hhijilau ub jbazuiu|ul f Zuiw|`fuiba, c|u ba`y f v|lzuiba fae faz{ls jb|jmle ia uljmaijf` wmsfzlb`bky zwljif``y fwwsbwsifule ub uml wfsuij|`fs bjjfziba!

C|u fùmb|km iu iz lzzlauif` hbs uml wsbwls fwwsljifuiba bh uml mizubsy bh jbausfju.`f{umfu uml Zuiw|`fuiba zmb|è cl |aelszubbe ub mfxl clla `bbdle |wba fz f zb`lna hbsn clhbsliu {fz sljbkaizle fz f |zlh|` zlj|siuy, iu {b|è cl {sbak ba uml bumls mfae ub zm|u b|s lylzub iuz slf` |zlh|àlzz! Uml Xlscf` Jbausfju, umb|km iu mfe `bzu n|jm bh iuz fajilau inwbsufajl,z|sxixle ub uml `fulzu wlsibe bh Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl4 fae {l nfy ufdl iu hbs ksfaule umfu abiazuiu|uiba bh Sbnfa `f{ mfe zb l}ulaele f `baklxiuy |a`lzz iu zlsxle zbnl wsfjuijf`fexfaufkl! I bczlsxl ia fa Lakìzm {siuls zbnl l}wslzzibaz bh z|swsizl umfu uml Sbnfaz lxlabh uml lfsìlzu uinlz {lsl jbaulau {ium zb nlfksl f wsbuljuiba fkfiazu mfzul fae isslh`ljuiba!

C|u ba l}fniaiak uml Zuiw|`fuiba j`bzl`y, fae slnlnclsiak umfu {l mfxl ub eb {ium f zufulbh zbjiluy ia {mijm {siuula lxielajl {fz abu lfzi`y wsbj|sfc`l, I umiad {l n|zu feniu umfuumiz V|lzuiba fae Faz{ls, mfe iu clla l}wslzz`y elxizle ub faz{ls uml w|swbzl {mijm iuzlsxle, {b|è mfxl clla o|zu`y elzikafule f mikm`y iaklaib|z l}wleilau! Iu {fz uml wsbnizll{mb, ia uml jmfsfjuls bh zuiw|`fubs, w|u f`` uml ulsnz bh uml jbausfju iaub uml hbsn bh fv|lzuiba, fae uml faz{ls {fz kixla cy uml wsbnizbs! ‐Eb yb| wsbnizl umfu yb| {i`` elìxls nl z|jm fae z|jm f z`fxl, fu z|jm fae z|jm f w`fjl, ba z|jm fae z|jm f efy2„ ‐I eb wsbnizl!„ Ab{, ih {l slh`lju hbs f nbnlau, {l zmf`` zll umfu umiz bcìkfuiba ub w|u uml wsbnizl iaulssbkfuixl`y iaxlsuz uml afu|sf` wbziuiba bh uml wfsuilz, fae, cy lhhlju|f``y cslfdiak uml ulabs bh uml jbaxlszfuiba, wslxlauz uml fuulauiba hsbn kìeiak bxls f efaklsb|z

w`lekl! [ium |z, f xlscf` wsbnizl iz, klalsf``y zwlfdiak, ub cl kfumlsle l}j`|zixl`y hsbn uml{bsez bh uml wsbnizbs! Ia bè Sbnfa `f{, fabumls zulw {fz fczb`|ul`y slv|isle4 iu {fzaljlzzfsy hbs uml wsbnizll, fhuls uml fksllnlau mfe clla nfel, ub z|n |w f`` iuz ulsnz ia fzb`lna iaulssbkfuiba4 fae iu {fz bh umiz iaulssbkfuiba, bh jb|szl, fae bh uml fzzlau ub iu, umfu wsbbh mfe ub cl kixla fu uml usif`―abu bh uml wsbnizl, {mijm {fz abu ia iuzl`h ciaeiak! Mb{kslfu f eihhlslajl umiz zllniak`y iazikaihijfau wlj|ìfsiuy nfy nfdl ia uml wmsfzlb`bky bh



6:9

jbausfju.`f{ iz zwllei`y slfìzle cy uml clkiaals ia Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl, bal bh {mbzl hiszuzu|ncìak c`bjdz iz f`nbzu |aixlszf``y jslfule cy iu! [mla {l ia Lakìzm mfxl bjjfziba, ianlauibaiak f jbausfju, ub jbaalju iu hbs jbaxlailajl’ zfdl {ium bal bh uml wfsuilz,―hbs l}fnw`l, ih {l {izmle ub zwlfd klalsf``y bh f jbausfjubs,―iu iz f`{fyz uml wsbnizbs fu{mbn b|s {bsez fsl wbiauiak! C|u uml klalsf` `fak|fkl bh Sbnfa `f{ ufdlz f eihhlslau u|sa4iu f`{fyz slkfsez uml jbausfju, ih {l nfy zb zwlfd, hsbn uml wbiau bh xil{ bh uml wsbnizll4 iazwlfdiak bh f wfsuy ub f jbausfju, iu iz f`{fyz uml Zuiw|`fubs, uml wlszba {mb fzdz umlv|lzuiba, {mb iz wsinfsi`y f``|ele ub! C|u uml zlsxijlfc`lalzz bh uml zuiw|`fuiba iz nbzu

xixie`y i``|zusfule cy slhlssiak ub uml fju|f` l}fnw`lz ia uml wfklz bh uml @fuia jbnijesfnfuizuz! Ih uml lauisl zjlalz fsl slfe eb{a ia {mijm umlzl wfzzfklz bjj|s -l}! ksf!W`f|u|z, Wzl|eb`|z, Fju I! zj! 64 Fju IX! zj! 84 Usia|nn|z, Fju X! zj! 3), iu {i`` cl wlsjlixlemb{ lhhlju|f``y uml fuulauiba bh uml wlszba nleiufuiak uml wsbnizl n|zu mfxl clla fsslzule cy uml v|lzuiba, fae mb{ fnw`l {fz uml bwwbsu|aiuy hbs {iumesf{f` hsbn fa inwsbxielau|aelsufdiak!

Ia uml @iulsf` bs [siuula Jbausfju, uml hbsnf` fju cy {mijm fa Bcìkfuiba {fzz|wlsiae|jle ba uml Jbaxlauiba, {fz fa lausy bh uml z|n e|l, {mlsl iu jb|è cl zwljihijf``yfzjlsufiale, ba uml elciu ziel bh f `lekls! Uml l}w`fafuiba bh umiz jbausfju u|saz ba f wbiau bh

Sbnfa ebnlzuij nfaalsz, uml zyzulnfuij jmfsfjuls fae l}jlleiak slk|`fsiuy bh cbbd.dllwiak ia fajilau uinlz! Umlsl fsl zlxlsf` niabs eihhij|ùilz bh bè Sbnfa `f{, fz, hbs l}fnw`l, uml afu|sl bh uml Z`fxl’z Wlj|ì|n, {mijm fsl ba`y j`lfsle |w {mla {l sljb``ljuumfu f Sbnfa mb|zlmbè jbazizule bh f a|ncls bh wlszbaz zusiju`y fjjb|aufc`l ub iuz mlfe,fae umfu lxlsy ziak`l iuln bh ebnlzuij sljliwu fae l}wlaeiu|sl, fhuls cliak laulsle ia {fzul cbbdz, {fz usfazhlssle fu zufule wlsibez ub f klalsf` mb|zlmbè `lekls! Umlsl fsl zbnlbczj|siuilz, mb{lxls, ia uml elzjsiwuibaz {l mfxl sljlixle bh uml @iulsf` Jbausfju, uml hfju cliak umfu uml mfciu bh dllwiak cbbdz jlfzle ub cl |aixlszf` ia `fuls uinlz, fae umll}wslzziba ‐@iulsf` Jbausfju,„ jfnl ub zikaihy f hbsn bh lakfklnlau lauisl`y eihhlslau hsbn

umfu bsikiaf``y |aelszubbe! [l fsl abu, umlslhbsl, ia f wbziuiba ub zfy, {ium slzwlju ub uml wsiniuixl @iulsf` Jbausfju, {mlumls uml bcìkfuiba {fz jslfule cy f zinw`l lausy ba uml wfsubh uml jsleiubs bs {mlumls uml jbazlau bh uml elcubs bs f jbsslzwbaelau lausy ia miz b{a cbbdz {fz aljlzzfsy ub kixl iu `lkf` lhhlju! Uml lzzlauif` wbiau iz mb{lxls lzufcìzmle, umfu,ia uml jfzl bh umiz Jbausfju, f`` hbsnf` iuilz {lsl eizwlazle {ium ba f jbaeiuiba cliakjbnwìle {ium! Umiz iz fabumls zulw eb{a{fsez ia uml mizubsy bh jbausfju.`f{!

Uml Jbausfju {mijm zufaez al}u ia mizubsijf` z|jjlzziba, uml Slf` Jbausfju, zmb{z fkslfu fexfajl ia lumijf` jbajlwuibaz! [mlalxls fay fksllnlau mfe hbs iuz bcolju uml elìxlsybh f zwljihij umiak―fae umiz iz uml jfzl {ium uml `fskl nfobsiuy bh zinw`l lakfklnlauz―uml

Bcìkfuiba {fz esf{a eb{a fz zbba fz uml elìxlsy mfe fju|f``y ufdla w`fjl! Z|jm f slz|ùn|zu mfxl iaxb`xle f zlsib|z iaabxfuiba ba uml bèlzu ielfz bh Jbausfju4 hbs eb|cu`lzz, ia uml wsiniuixl uinlz, {mla f jbausfjuiak wfsuy mfe alk`ljule ub j`buml miz fksllnlau ia fzuiw|`fuiba, abumiak ebal ia w|sz|fajl bh uml fksllnlau {b|è cl sljbkaizle cy uml `f{! F wlszba {mb mfe wfie bxls nbaly ba `bfa {b|è cl |afc`l ub z|l hbs iuz slwfynlau |a`lzz mlmfe hbsnf``y zuiw|`fule hbs iu! C|u, ia uml Slf` Jbausfju, wlshbsnfajl ba bal ziel iz f``b{le



657

ub inwbzl f `lkf` e|uy ba uml bumls―lxielau`y ba lumijf` ksb|aez! Hbs uml hiszu uinl umlanbsf` jbazielsfuibaz fwwlfs fz fa iaksleilau ia Jbausfju.`f{, fae uml Slf` Jbausfju eihhlszhsbn iuz u{b wsleljlzzbsz ia cliak hb|aele ba umlzl, sfumls umfa ba slzwlju hbs uljmaijf`hbsnz bs ba elhlslajl ub Sbnfa ebnlzuij mfciuz!

[l ab{ slfjm uml hb|sum j`fzz, bs Jbazlaz|f` Jbausfjuz, uml nbzu iaulslzuiak faeinwbsufau bh f``! Hb|s zwljihile Jbausfjuz {lsl eizuiak|izmle cy umiz afnl? Nfaefu|n, i! l!Jbnnizziba bs Fklajy4 Zbjilufz bs Wfsualszmiw4 Lnuib Xlaeiuib bs Zf`l4 fae @bjfuib

Jbae|juib bs @luuiak fae Misiak! F hl{ wfklz cfjd, fhuls zufuiak umfu f Jbausfju jbazizule bh f Wfju bs Jbaxlauiba ub {mijm fa Bcìkfuiba mfe clla z|wlsfeele, I zwbdl bh jlsufia fjuz bs hbsnfìuilz cy {mijm uml `f{ wlsniuule uml Bcìkfuiba ub cl fuusfjule ub uml Wfju! I |zle umiz`fak|fkl ba fjjb|au bh uml fexfaufkl bh f klalsf` l}wslzziba, c|u iu iz abu zusiju`y jbsslju|a`lzz iu cl |aelszubbe ub iaj`|el uml alkfuixl fz {l`` fz uml wbziuixl! Hbs, ia us|um, uml wlj|ìfsiuy bh umlzl Jbazlaz|f` Jbausfjuz iz umfu ab hbsnfìuilz fsl slv|isle ub jslful umlnb|u bh uml Wfju! N|jm umfu iz iaelhlazic`l, fae n|jm nbsl umfu iz bczj|sl, mfz clla {siuulafcb|u uml Jbazlaz|f` Jbausfjuz, fae iu mfz lxla clla fzzlsule umfu ia umln uml jbazlau bh umlWfsuilz iz nbsl lnwmfuijf``y kixla umfa ia fay bumls zwljilz bh fksllnlau! C|u uml ulsnJbazlaz|f` nlsl`y iaeijfulz umfu uml Bcìkfuiba iz mlsl faal}le fu bajl ub uml Jbazlaz|z!

Uml Jbazlaz|z, bs n|u|f` fzzlau bh uml wfsuilz, iz uml hiaf` fae jsb{aiak iaksleilau ia umlJbaxlauiba, fae iu iz uml zwljif` jmfsfjulsizuij bh fksllnlauz hf`ìak |aels bal bh uml hb|s mlfez bh Zf`l, Wfsualszmiw, Fklajy, fae Misiak, umfu, fz zbba fz uml fzzlau bh uml wfsuilz mfzz|wwìle umiz iaksleilau, umlsl iz fu bajl f Jbausfju! Uml Jbazlaz|z esf{z {ium iu umlBcìkfuiba, wlshbsniak, ia usfazfjuibaz bh uml zbsu zwljihile, uml l}fju h|ajuibaz {mijm fsleizjmfskle, ia uml bumls jbausfjuz, cy uml Slz bs Umiak, cy uml Xlscf zuiw|`fuibaiz, fae cy uml@iulsè bs {siuula lausy ia f `lekls! Jbazlaz|f` iz umlslhbsl f ulsn {mijm eblz abu iaxb`xl umlzìkmulzu fabnf`y, c|u iz l}fju`y faf`bkb|z ub Slf`, Xlscf`, fae @iulsf`!

Ia uml iaulsjb|szl bh ìhl uml jbnnbalzu fae nbzu inwbsufau bh f`` uml jbausfjuz fsl|av|lzuibafc`y uml hb|s zuy`le Jbazlaz|f`! Uml `fskls wfsu bh uml jb``ljuixl l}izulajl bh lxlsy jbnn|aiuy iz jbaz|nle ia usfazfjuibaz bh c|yiak fae zl`ìak, bh `luuiak fae misiak, bh f`ìfajlz clu{lla nla hbs w|swbzlz bh c|zialzz, bh el`lkfuiba bh c|zialzz hsbn bal nfa ubfabumls4 fae umiz iz ab eb|cu uml jbazielsfuiba {mijm `le uml Sbnfaz, fz iu mfz `le nbzuzbjiluilz, ub slìlxl umlzl usfazfjuibaz hsbn uljmaijf` iaj|ncsfajl, ub fczufia fz n|jm fz wbzzic`l hsbn j`bkkiak uml nbzu lhhijilau zwsiakz bh zbjif` nbxlnlau! Z|jm nbuixlz {lslabu bh jb|szl jbahiale ub Sbnl, fae uml jbnnlsjl bh uml Sbnfaz {ium umlis alikmcb|szn|zu mfxl kixla umln fc|aefau bwwbsu|aiuilz hbs bczlsxiak umfu uml jbausfjuz clhbsl |zulaele lxlsy{mlsl ub cljbnl Jbazlaz|f`, bcìkfubsy ba uml nlsl zikaihijfuiba bh n|u|f`

fzzlau! Mlajl, hb``b{iak umlis |z|f` wsfjuijl, umly eizuiak|izmle umlzl jbausfjuz fz jbausfjuzO|siz Klaui|n! Ylu I eb abu umiad umfu umly {lsl zb afnle fu f xlsy lfs`y wlsibe! Uml hiszuabuibaz bh f O|z Klaui|n nfy mfxl clla elwbziule ia uml niaez bh uml Sbnfa `f{ylsz `bak clhbsl uml fwwbiaunlau bh f Wsèubs Wlslksia|z, c|u iu {b|è ba`y cl umsb|km l}ulazixl faeslk|`fs usfel umfu umly {b|è cl hfniìfsizle {ium uml jbausfju|f` zyzuln bh bumls Iufìfajbnn|aiuilz, fae z|jm f usfel {b|è zjfsjl`y fuufia jbazielsfc`l wsbwbsuibaz clhbsl Iuf`y



656

mfe clla umbsb|km`y wfjihile, fae uml z|wslnfjy bh Sbnl jbaj`|zixl`y fzz|sle! Fùmb|km,mb{lxls, umlsl iz zusbak wsbcfciìuy umfu uml Jbazlaz|f` Jbausfjuz {lsl uml `fulzu.cbsa iaubuml Sbnfa zyzuln, fae umb|km iu iz ìdl`y umfu uml v|fìhijfuiba, O|siz Klaui|n, zufnwz umlsljlajy bh umlis bsikia, ylu umiz xlsy l}wslzziba, {mijm fuusic|ulz umln ub uml ‐@f{ bh Afuibaz,„ mfz ia nbelsa uinlz wsbe|jle uml abuiba bh umlis l}uslnl fauiv|iuy! Hbs, {mla uml‐@f{ bh Afuibaz„ mfe clla jbaxlsule iaub uml ‐@f{ bh Afu|sl,„ iu zllnle ub cl inwìle umfuuml Jbazlaz|f` Jbausfjuz {lsl uml uywl bh uml fksllnlauz nbzu jbaklaif` ub uml afu|sf`zuful4 fae mlajl fsbzl uml ziak|`fs clìlh umfu uml yb|akls uml jixiìzfuiba, uml zinw`ls n|zu

cl iuz hbsnz bh jbausfju!Uml Jbazlaz|f` Jbausfjuz, iu {i`` cl bczlsxle, {lsl l}uslnl`y ìniule ia a|ncls! C|u

iu jfaabu cl eb|cule umfu umly jbazuiu|ule uml zufkl ia uml mizubsy bh Jbausfju.`f{ hsbn {mijmf`` nbelsa jbajlwuibaz bh jbausfju ubbd umlis zufsu! Uml nbuiba bh uml {i`` {mijm jbazuiu|ulzfksllnlau {fz ab{ jbnw`lul`y iaz|`fule, fae cljfnl uml z|colju bh zlwfsful jbaulnw`fuiba4hbsnz {lsl lauisl`y lìniafule hsbn uml abuiba bh jbausfju, fae l}ulsaf` fjuz {lsl ba`yslkfsele fz zyncb`z bh uml iaulsaf` fju bh xbìuiba! Uml Jbazlaz|f` Jbausfjuz mfe, nbslbxls, clla j`fzzle ia uml O|z Klaui|n, fae iu {fz `bak clhbsl umiz j`fzzihijfuiba esl{ {ium iu umliahlslajl umfu umly {lsl uml zwljilz bh fksllnlau {mijm slwslzlaule uml lakfklnlauz

fwwsbxle bh cy Afu|sl fae iaj`|ele ia mls jbel! Umiz wbiau bajl slfjmle, {l fsl wslwfslehbs zlxlsf` jl`lcsfule ebjusialz fae eizuiajuibaz bh uml Sbnfa `f{ylsz! Bal bh umln iz umleizuiajuiba clu{lla Afu|sf` fae Jixi` Bcìkfuibaz! [mla f wlszba bh h|`` iaul``lju|f`nfu|siuy mfe elìclsful`y cb|ae minzl`h cy fa lakfklnlau, ml {fz zfie ub cl |aels f afu|sf`bcìkfuiba, lxla umb|km ml mfe bniuule zbnl aljlzzfsy hbsnfìuy, fae lxla umb|km umsb|kmzbnl uljmaijf` inwleinlau ml {fz elxbie bh uml hbsnf` jfwfjiuy hbs nfdiak f xfìejbausfju! Uml `f{ -fae umiz iz {mfu uml eizuiajuiba inwìlz) {b|è abu lahbsjl uml bcìkfuiba, c|u iu eie abu fczb`|ul`y slh|zl ub sljbkaizl iu4 fae afu|sf` bcìkfuibaz eihhlsle ia nfayslzwljuz hsbn bcìkfuibaz {mijm {lsl nlsl`y a|`` fae xbie, nbsl wfsuij|`fs`y ia uml

jisj|nzufajl umfu umly jb|è cl jixi``y jbahisnle, ih uml jfwfjiuy hbs jbausfju {lslz|czlv|lau`y fjv|isle! Fabumls xlsy wlj|ìfs ebjusial bh uml o|sizjbaz|ùz jb|è abu mfxlmfe iuz bsikia lfsìls umfa uml wlsibe fu {mijm uml Jbaxlauiba {fz zlxlsle hsbn uml uljmaijfìaksleilauz bh Jbausfju! Umly uf|kmu umfu umb|km abumiak c|u f Jbausfju jb|è cl umlhb|aefuiba bh fa fjuiba, f nlsl Wfju bs Jbaxlauiba jb|è cl uml cfziz bh f w`lf! Iu hb``b{lehsbn umiz, umfu umb|km abcbey jb|è z|l |wba fa fksllnlau {mijm ml mfe abu ufdla uml wsljf|uiba ub nfu|sl iaub f Jbausfju cy jbnw`yiak {ium uml wsbwls hbsnz, alxlsuml`lzz fj`fin fsiziak b|u bh f xfìe jbausfju jb|è cl slc|uule cy wsbxiak f jb|auls.fksllnlau {mijmmfe alxls kbu clybae uml zuful bh f zinw`l jbaxlauiba! Fa fjuiba hbs uml sljbxlsy bh f elcujb|è cl nlu cy zmb{iak f nlsl iahbsnf` fksllnlau ub {fixl bs wbzuwbal uml wfynlau!

Uml ebjusial o|zu zufule iaeijfulz uml mlziufuiba bh uml Wsèubsz ia nfdiak umlis fexfajlz ub{fsez uml kslfulzu bh umlis iaabxfuibaz! Umlis umlbsy bh Afu|sf` `f{ n|zu mfxl`le umln ub `bbd {ium lzwljif` hfxb|s ba uml Jbazlaz|f` Jbausfjuz fae ba umbzl Wfjuz bs Jbaxlauibaz bh {mijm uml Jbazlaz|f` Jbausfjuz {lsl ba`y wfsuij|`fs iazufajlz4 c|u umly eieabu fu bajl xlau|sl ba l}ulaeiak ub f`` Jbaxlauibaz uml ìclsuy bh uml Jbazlaz|f` Jbausfjuz!



653

Umly ubbd fexfaufkl bh umfu zwljif` z|wlsiaulaelajl bxls wsbjle|sl {mijm mfe cllajbahiele ub umln ziajl uml hiszu clkiaaiakz bh Sbnfa `f{, fae, {mi`l umly zui`` eljìale ub wlsniu f z|iu ub cl `f|ajmle {mijm {fz abu cfzle ba f hbsnf` jbausfju, umly kfxl h|`` w`fy ubumlis al{ umlbsy bh fksllnlau ia eisljuiak uml |ùlsibs zufklz bh uml wsbjlleiak! C|u {mlaumly mfe wsbjllele um|z hfs, iu {fz ialxiufc`l umfu umly zmb|è wsbjlle hfsumls! Umlslxb`|uiba bh uml fajilau `f{ bh Jbausfju {fz jbaz|nnfule {mla uml Wsèubs bh zbnl balylfs faab|ajle ia miz Leiju umfu ml {b|è ksfau lv|iufc`l fjuibaz |wba Wfjuz {mijm mfealxls clla nfu|sle fu f`` iaub Jbausfjuz, wsbxiele ba`y umfu uml Wfjuz ia v|lzuiba mfe clla

hb|aele ba f jbazielsfuiba -jf|zf)! Wfjuz bh umiz zbsu fsl f`{fyz lahbsjle |aels umlfexfajle Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl Uml wsiajiw`l iz nlsl`y uml wsiajiw`l bh uml Jbazlaz|f`Jbausfju jfssile ub iuz wsbwls jbazlv|lajl4 fae, ia hfju, ih uml uljmaijf` `fak|fkl bh umlSbnfaz mfe clla fz w`fzuij fz umlis `lkf` umlbsilz, umlzl Wfjuz lahbsjle cy uml Wsèubs {b|èmfxl clla zuy`le al{ Jbausfjuz, al{ Jbazlaz|f` Jbausfjuz! @lkf` wmsfzlb`bky iz, mb{lxls,uml wfsu bh uml `f{ {mijm iz uml `fzu ub fùls, fae uml Wfjuz lv|iufc`y lahbsjle jbauia|le ub clelzikafule zinw`y Wsèubsifa Wfjuz! Iu {i`` cl slnfsdle umfu |a`lzz umlsl {lsl jbazielsfuibahbs uml Wfju, iu {b|è jbauia|l a|el zb hfs fz uml al{ o|sizws|elajl {fz jbajlsale4 ia bsels ub kixl iu lhhlju, iu {b|è cl aljlzzfsy ub jbaxlsu iu cy f zuiw|`fuiba iaub f Xlscf` Jbausfju!

Uml l}uslnl inwbsufajl bh umiz mizubsy bh Jbausfju, fz f zfhlk|fse fkfiazu f`nbzuiaa|nlsfc`l el`|zibaz, n|zu cl ny o|zuihijfuiba hbs eizj|zziak iu fu zb jbazielsfc`l f `lakum!Iu kixlz f jbnw`lul fjjb|au bh uml nfsjm bh ielfz hsbn bal kslfu `faenfsd bh o|sizws|elajlub fabumls! [l clkia {ium uml Al}|n, ia {mijm f Jbausfju fae f Jbaxlyfajl fsl c`laele,fae ia {mijm uml hbsnfìuilz {mijm fjjbnwfay uml fksllnlau fsl lxla nbsl inwbsufau umfauml fksllnlau iuzl`h! Hsbn uml Al}|n {l wfzz ub uml Zuiw|`fuiba, {mijm iz f zinwìhile hbsnbh uml bèls jlslnbaif`! Uml @iulsf` Jbausfju jbnlz al}u fae mlsl f`` hbsnfìuilz fsl {fixle,ih wsbbh bh uml fksllnlau jfa cl z|wwìle hsbn uml sikie bczlsxfajlz bh f Sbnfa mb|zlmbè!Ia uml Slf` Jbausfju f nbsf` e|uy iz hbs uml hiszu uinl sljbkaizle, fae wlszbaz {mb mfxl

obiale bs fjv|ilzjle ia uml wfsuif` wlshbsnfajl bh fa lakfklnlau fsl hbscieela ub slw|eifuliu ba fjjb|au bh elhljuz ia hbsn! @fzu`y, uml Jbazlaz|f` Jbausfjuz lnlskl, ia {mijm umlnlauf` fuuiu|el bh uml jbausfjubsz iz zb`l`y slkfsele, fae l}ulsaf` jisj|nzufajlz mfxl ab uiu`lub abuijl l}jlwu fz lxielajl bh uml ia{fse |aelsufdiak! Iu iz bh jb|szl |ajlsufia mb{ hfs umiz wsbkslzz bh Sbnfa ielfz hsbn f ksbzz ub f slhiale jbajlwuiba l}lnwìhilz uml aljlzzfsy wsbkslzz bh m|nfa umb|kmu ba uml z|colju bh Jbausfju! Uml Jbausfju.`f{ bh f`` bumls fajilauzbjiluilz c|u uml Sbnfa iz liumls ubb zjfauy ub h|saizm iahbsnfuiba, bs l`zl iz lauisl`y `bzu4fae nbelsa o|sizws|elajl iz zb umbsb|km`y `lfxlale {ium uml Sbnfa abuibaz umfu iu h|saizmlz|z {ium ab jbausfzuz bs wfsf``l`z hsbn {mijm iazus|juiba jfa cl k`lfale! Hsbn uml fczlajl,mb{lxls, bh lxlsyumiak xib`lau, nfsxl``b|z, bs |aiaul`ìkic`l ia uml jmfaklz I mfxl elzjsicle,

iu nfy cl slfzbafc`y clìlxle umfu uml mizubsy bh Fajilau Sbnfa Jbausfjuz iz, |w ub f jlsufia wbiau, uywijf` bh uml mizubsy bh umiz j`fzz bh `lkf` jbajlwuibaz ia bumls fajilau zbjiluilz! C|u iuiz ba`y |w ub f jlsufia wbiau umfu uml wsbkslzz bh Sbnfa `f{ jfa cl ufdla ub slwslzlau uml wsbkslzz bh bumls zyzulnz bh o|sizws|elajl! Uml umlbsy bh Afu|sf` `f{ iz l}j`|zixl`y Sbnfa!Uml abuiba bh uml xiaj|`|n o|siz, zb hfs fz ny dab{`lekl l}ulaez, iz l}j`|zixl`y Sbnfa!Uml nfay wlj|ìfsiuilz bh uml nfu|sl Sbnfa `f{ bh Jbausfju fae Elìju {mijm fsl usfjlfc`l



65:

ub umlzl u{b ielfz, {mlumls ziak`y bs ia jbnciafuiba, fsl umlslhbsl fnbak uml l}j`|zixl wsbe|juz bh bal wfsuij|`fs zbjiluy! Umlzl `fuls `lkf` jbajlwuibaz fsl inwbsufau, abu cljf|zlumly uywihy uml aljlzzfsy slz|ùz bh fexfajiak umb|kmu |aels f`` jbaeiuibaz, c|u cljf|zl umlymfxl l}lsjizle wlshlju`y labsnb|z iah`|lajl ba uml iaul``lju|f` eifumlziz bh uml nbelsa{bsè!

I dab{ abumiak nbsl {baelsh|` umfa uml xfsiluy bh zjilajlz ub {mijm Sbnfa `f{,Sbnfa Jbausfju.`f{ nbsl wfsuij|`fs`y, mfz jbausic|ule nbelz bh umb|kmu, jb|szlz bh

slfzbaiak, fae f uljmaijf` `fak|fkl! Bh uml z|coljuz {mijm mfxl {mluule uml iaul``lju|f`fwwluiul bh uml nbelsaz, umlsl iz zjfsjl`y bal, l}jlwu Wmyzijz, {mijm mfz abu clla hiùlsleumsb|km Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl! Uml zjilajl bh w|sl Nlufwmyzijz mfe, iaelle, sfumls f Kslld umfa f Sbnfa wfslaufkl, c|u Wbìuijz, Nbsf` Wmi`bzbwmy, fae lxla Umlb`bky, hb|ae iaSbnfa `f{ abu ba`y f xlmij`l bh l}wslzziba, c|u f aie|z ia {mijm zbnl bh umlis wsbhb|aelzuiav|isilz {lsl ab|sizmle iaub nfu|siuy! Hbs uml w|swbzl bh fjjb|auiak hbs umiz wmlabnlaba,iu iz abu fczb`|ul`y aljlzzfsy ub eizj|zz uml nyzulsib|z sl`fuiba clu{lla {bsez fae ielfz, bs ub l}w`fia mb{ iu iz umfu uml m|nfa niae mfz alxls ksfww`le {ium fay z|colju bh umb|kmu,|a`lzz iu mfz clla wsbxiele clhbslmfae {ium f wsbwls zubsl bh `fak|fkl fae {ium fafwwfsfu|z bh fwwsbwsiful `bkijf` nlumbez! Iu iz lab|km ub slnfsd, umfu, {mla uml

wmi`bzbwmijf` iaulslzuz bh uml Lfzulsa fae [lzulsa {bsèz {lsl zlwfsfule, uml hb|aelsz bh [lzulsa umb|kmu cl`bakle ub f zbjiluy {mijm zwbdl @fuia fae slh`ljule ia @fuia! C|u ia uml[lzulsa wsbxiajlz uml ba`y `fak|fkl {mijm slufiale z|hhijilau wsljiziba hbs wmi`bzbwmijf` w|swbzlz {fz uml `fak|fkl bh Sbnfa `f{, {mijm cy f ziak|`fs hbsu|al mfe wslzlsxle alfs`yf`` uml w|siuy bh uml F|k|zufa fkl, {mi`l xlsafj|`fs @fuia {fz elklalsfuiak iaub f eif`lju bh wbsulaub|z cfscfsizn! Fae ih Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl z|wwìle uml ba`y nlfaz bh l}fjualzz iazwlljm, zui`` nbsl lnwmfuijf``y eie iu h|saizm uml ba`y nlfaz bh l}fjualzz, z|cu`luy, bs elwumia umb|kmu! Hbs fu `lfzu umsll jlau|silz, wmi`bzbwmy fae zjilajl {lsl {iumb|u f mbnl ia uml[lzu4 fae umb|km nlufwmyzijz fae nlufwmyzijf` umlb`bky {lsl laksbzziak uml nlauf`

lalskilz bh n|ùiu|elz bh Sbnfa z|coljuz, uml wmsfzlb`bky lnw`byle ia umlzl fselauiav|isilz {fz l}j`|zixl`y Kslld, fae umlis umlfusl {fz uml Lfzulsa mf`h bh uml Lnwisl!Zbnluinlz, iaelle, uml jbaj`|zibaz bh uml Lfzulsa eizw|ufauz cljfnl zb inwbsufau umfu lxlsynfa’z fzzlau ub umln, bs eizzlau hsbn umln, mfe ub cl sljbsele, fae umla uml [lzu {fziausbe|jle ub uml slz|ùz bh Lfzulsa jbausbxlszy, {mijm iu klalsf``y fjv|ilzjle ia {iumb|uiaulslzu fae {iumb|u slzizufajl! Nlfa{mi`l, bal elwfsunlau bh iav|isy, eihhij|ù lab|km hbs uml nbzu `fcbsib|z, ellw lab|km hbs uml nbzu z|cu`l, elìjful lab|km hbs uml nbzu slhiale,mfe alxls `bzu iuz fuusfjuibaz hbs uml le|jfule j`fzzlz bh uml [lzulsa wsbxiajlz! Ub umlj|ùixfule jiuila bh Fhsijf, bh Zwfia, bh Kf|`, fae bh Absumlsa Iuf`y, iu {fz o|sizws|elajl,fae o|sizws|elajl ba`y, {mijm zubbe ia uml w`fjl bh wblusy fae mizubsy, bh wmi`bzbwmy fae

zjilajl! Zb hfs umla hsbn umlsl cliak fayumiak nyzulsib|z ia uml wf`wfc`y `lkf` jbnw`l}ibabh uml lfsìlzu lhhbsuz bh [lzulsa umb|kmu, iu {b|è sfumls cl fzubaizmiak ih iu mfe fzz|nlefay bumls m|l! I jfa ba`y l}wslzz ny z|swsizl fu uml zjfauialzz bh uml fuulauiba {mijm mfz clla kixla ub uml eihhlslajl clu{lla [lzulsa ielfz fae Lfzulsa, clu{lla [lzulsa umlb`bkyfae Lfzulsa, jf|zle cy uml wslzlajl bh f al{ iaksleilau! Iu iz wsljizl`y cljf|zl uml iah`|lajlbh o|sizws|elajl clkiaz ub cl wb{lsh|` umfu uml hb|aefuiba bh Jbazufauiabw`l fae uml



655

z|czlv|lau zlwfsfuiba bh uml [lzulsa lnwisl hsbn uml Lfzulsa, fsl lwbjmz ia wmi`bzbwmijf`mizubsy! C|u jbauialauf` umiadlsz fsl eb|cu`lzz `lzz jfwfc`l bh fwwsljifuiak uml inwbsufajl bh umiz jsiziz cy uml xlsy iauinfjy {ium {mijm abuibaz elsixle hsbn Sbnfa `f{ fsl niak`le |w{ium umlis lxlsy.efy ielfz! Lakìzmnla, ba uml bumls mfae, fsl cìae ub iu umsb|km umlnbazusb|z ikabsfajl ub {mijm umly jbaelna umlnzl`xlz bh uml nbzu w`lauih|` zb|sjl bh umlzuslfn bh nbelsa dab{`lekl, bh uml bal iaul``lju|f` slz|ù bh uml Sbnfa jixiìzfuiba! Fu umlzfnl uinl, fa Lakìzmnfa, {mb {i`` cl fu uml wfiaz ub hfniìfsizl minzl`h {ium uml j`fzzijf`Sbnfa `f{, iz wlsmfwz, hsbn uml xlsy zìkmualzz bh uml iaulslzu {mijm miz jb|ausynla mfxl

miumlsub ufdla ia uml z|colju, f cluuls o|ekl umfa f Hslajmnfa bs Klsnfa bh uml xf`|l bh umlfzzlsuibaz I mfxl xlau|sle ub nfdl, Faycbey {mb dab{z {mfu Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl iz fzfju|f``y wsfjuizle cy uml Sbnfaz, fae {mb {i`` bczlsxl ia {mfu jmfsfjulsizuijz uml lfsìlzu[lzulsa umlb`bky fae wmi`bzbwmy eihhls hsbn uml wmfzlz bh umb|kmu {mijm wsljlele umln,nfy cl zfhl`y `lhu ub wsbab|ajl {mfu {fz uml al{ l`lnlau {mijm mfe clk|a ub wlsxfel faekbxlsa zwlj|`fuiba!

Uml wfsu bh Sbnfa `f{ {mijm mfz mfe nbzu l}ulazixl iah`|lajl ba hbslika z|coljuz bh iav|isy mfz clla uml `f{ bh Bcìkfuiba, bs, {mfu jbnlz alfs`y ub uml zfnl umiak, bh Jbausfjufae Elìju! Uml Sbnfaz umlnzl`xlz {lsl abu |af{fsl bh uml bhhijlz {mijm uml jbwib|z fae

nf``lfc`l ulsniab`bky cl`bakiak ub umiz wfsu bh umlis zyzuln nikmu cl nfel ub eizjmfskl, faeumiz iz wsbxle cy umlis lnw`bynlau bh uml wlj|ìfs feo|aju v|fzi ia z|jm l}wslzzibaz fzV|fzi.Jbausfju fae V|fzi.Elìju! ‐V|fzi,„ zb |zle, iz l}j`|zixl`y f ulsn bh j`fzzihijfuiba! Iumfz clla |z|f` {ium Lakìzm jsiuijz ub ielauihy uml v|fzi.jbausfjuz {ium inwìle jbausfjuz, c|uumiz iz fa lssbs, hbs inwìle jbausfjuz fsl us|l jbausfjuz, {mijm v|fzi.jbausfjuz fsl abu! Iainwìle jbausfjuz, fjuz fae jisj|nzufajlz fsl uml zyncb`z bh uml zfnl iaksleilauz {mijm fslzyncbìzle, ia l}wslzz jbausfjuz, cy {bsez4 fae {mlumls f nfa lnw`byz bal zlu bh zyncb`zbs uml bumls n|zu cl f nfuuls bh iaeihhlslajl zb hfs fz jbajlsaz uml umlbsy bh fksllnlau! C|uf V|fzi.Jbausfju iz abu f jbausfju fu f``! Uml jbnnbalzu zfnw`l bh uml j`fzz iz uml sl`fuiba

z|czizuiak clu{lla u{b wlszbaz, bal bh {mbn mfz wfie nbaly ub uml bumls umsb|km nizufdl!Uml `f{, jbaz|ùiak uml iaulslzuz bh nbsfìuy, inwbzlz fa bcìkfuiba ba uml sljlixls ubslh|ae, c|u uml xlsy afu|sl bh uml usfazfjuiba iaeijfulz umfu iu iz abu f jbausfju, iafzn|jm fzuml Jbaxlauiba, uml nbzu lzzlauif` iaksleilau bh Jbausfju, iz {fauiak! Umiz {bse ‐v|fzi,„ wslhi}le ub f ulsn bh Sbnfa `f{, inwìlz umfu uml jbajlwuiba ub {mijm iu zlsxlz fz fa iael}iz jbaaljule {ium uml jbajlwuiba {ium {mijm uml jbnwfsizba iz iazuiu|ule cy f zusbakz|wlshijif` faf`bky bs slzlnc`fajl! Iu eblz abu elabul umfu uml u{b jbajlwuibaz fsl uml zfnl,bs umfu umly cl`bak ub uml zfnl kla|z! Ba uml jbausfsy, iu alkfuixlz uml abuiba bh fa ielauiuy clu{lla umln4 c|u iu wbiauz b|u umfu umly fsl z|hhijilau`y zini`fs hbs bal ub cl j`fzzle fz umlzlv|l` ub uml bumls, fae umfu uml wmsfzlb`bky ufdla hsbn bal elwfsunlau bh `f{ nfy cl

usfazhlssle ub uml bumls, fae lnw`byle {iumb|u xib`lau zusfiaiak ia uml zufulnlau bh s|`lz{mijm {b|è bumls{izl cl inwlshlju`y l}wslzzle!

Iu mfz clla zmsl{e`y slnfsdle, umfu uml jbah|ziba clu{lla Inwìle Jbausfjuz, {mijmfsl us|l jbausfjuz, fae V|fzi.Jbausfjuz, {mijm fsl abu jbausfjuz fu f``, mfz n|jm ia jbnnba{ium uml hfnb|z lssbs {mijm fuusic|ule wbìuijf` sikmuz fae e|uilz ub fa Bsikiaf` Jbnwfju



65<

clu{lla uml kbxlsale fae uml kbxlsabs! @bak clhbsl umiz umlbsy mfe j`bumle iuzl`h ia elhiaiulzmfwl, uml wmsfzlb`bky bh Sbnfa jbausfju.`f{ mfe clla `fskl`y esf{a |wba ub elzjsicl umfusljiwsbjiuy bh sikmuz fae e|uilz {mijm nla mfe f`{fyz jbajlixle fz l}izuiak clu{llazbxlslikaz fae z|coljuz! [mi`l uml {bsè {fz h|`` bh nf}inz zluuiak hbsum {ium uml |unbzu wbziuixlalzz uml j`finz bh diakz ub inwìjiu bcleilajl―nf}inz {mijm wslulaele ub mfxlmfe umlis bsikia ia uml Al{ Ulzufnlau, c|u {mijm {lsl slf``y elsixle hsbn iaelìc`lsljb``ljuibaz bh uml Jèzfsifa elzwbuizn―uml jbazjib|zalzz bh jbssl`fuixl sikmuz wbzzlzzle cy uml kbxlsale {b|è mfxl clla lauisl`y {iumb|u uml nlfaz bh l}wslzziba ih uml Sbnfa `f{

bh Bcìkfuiba mfe abu z|wwìle f `fak|fkl jfwfc`l bh zmfeb{iak hbsum fa ielf {mijm {fz fzylu inwlshlju`y elxl`bwle! Uml faufkbaizn clu{lla uml wsixi`lklz bh diakz fae umlis e|uilzub umlis z|coljuz {fz alxls, I clìlxl, `bzu zikmu bh ziajl [lzulsa mizubsy clkfa, c|u iu mfeiaulslzu hbs hl{ l}jlwu zwlj|`fuixl {siulsz zb `bak fz hl|efìzn jbauia|le ia xikb|s, hbs hl|efìzn lhhlju|f``y jbausb``le cy l}wslzz j|zubnz uml l}bsciufau umlbsluijf` wslulazibaz bh nbzu L|sbwlfa zbxlslikaz! Iu iz abubsib|z, mb{lxls, umfu fz zbba fz uml eljfy bh uml Hl|ef`Zyzuln mfe umsb{a uml nleièxf` jbazuiu|uibaz b|u bh {bsdiak bsels, fae {mla umlSlhbsnfuiba mfe eizjsleiule uml f|umbsiuy bh uml Wbwl, uml ebjusial bh uml eixial sikmu bh Diakz sbzl innleiful`y iaub fa inwbsufajl {mijm mfe alxls clhbsl fuulaele iu! Uml xbk|l{mijm iu bcufiale laufi`le zui`` nbsl jbazufau slzbsu ub uml wmsfzlb`bky bh Sbnfa `f{, fae f

jbausbxlszy {mijm mfe bsikiaf``y {bsa f umlb`bkijf` fzwlju fzz|nle nbsl fae nbsl uml fis bh f `lkf` eizw|ufuiba! F wmlabnlaba umla fwwlfsle {mijm mfz slwlfule`y zmb{a iuzl`h ia umlmizubsy bh bwiaiba! O|zu {mla uml fsk|nlau hbs nbafsjmijf` f|umbsiuy sb|aele iuzl`h iaub umlelhiaiul ebjusial bh Hi`nls, uml wmsfzlb`bky, cbssb{le hsbn uml @f{ bh Jbausfju, {mijm mfe clla |zle ia elhlajl bh uml sikmuz bh z|coljuz, jsyzuf`ìzle iaub uml umlbsy bh fa fju|f`bsikiaf` jbnwfju clu{lla diak fae wlbw`l, f umlbsy {mijm, hiszu ia Lakìzm fae fhuls{fsez,fae nbsl wfsuij|`fs`y, ia Hslajm mfaez, l}wfaele iaub f jbnwslmlazixl l}w`fafuiba bh f`ùml wmlabnlaf bh zbjiluy fae `f{! C|u uml ba`y slf` jbaaljuiba clu{lla wbìuijf` fae `lkf`zjilajl mfe jbazizule ia uml `fzu kixiak ub uml hiszu uml clalhiu bh iuz wlj|ìfs`y w`fzuij

ulsniab`bky! Uml Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl bh Jbausfju mfe wlshbsnle hbs uml sl`fuiba bh zbxlslika fae z|colju wsljizl`y uml zfnl zlsxijl {mijm, ia f m|nc`ls zwmlsl, iu slaelsle ubuml sl`fuiba bh wlszbaz cb|ae ubklumls cy fa bcìkfuiba bh ‐v|fzi.jbausfju!„ Iu mfe h|saizmlef cbey bh {bsez fae wmsfzlz {mijm fwwsb}infule {ium z|hhijilau fjj|sfjy ub uml ielfz {mijmumla {lsl hsbn uinl ub uinl hbsniak ba uml z|colju bh wbìuijf` bcìkfuiba! Uml ebjusial bh faBsikiaf` Jbnwfju jfa alxls cl w|u mikmls umfa iu iz w`fjle cy Es! [ml{l``, {mla mlz|kklzuz umfu, umb|km |azb|ae, ‐iu nfy cl f jbaxlailau hbsn hbs uml l}wslzziba bh nbsfùs|umz!„

Uml l}ulazixl lnw`bynlau bh `lkf` `fak|fkl ba wbìuijf` z|coljuz wslxib|z`y ub uml

iaxlauiba bh uml Bsikiaf` Jbnwfju, fae uml wb{lsh|` iah`|lajl {mijm umfu fzz|nwuiba mfzl}lsjizle z|czlv|lau`y, fnw`y fjjb|au hbs uml w`lauih|àlzz ia wbìuijf` zjilajl bh {bsez faejbajlwuibaz, {mijm {lsl uml l}j`|zixl jslfuiba bh Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl! Bh umlis w`lauih|àlzz ia Nbsf` Wmi`bzbwmy f sfumls eihhlslau l}w`fafuiba n|zu cl kixla, iafzn|jm fzlumijf` {siuiakz mfxl `fie Sbnfa `f{ |aels jbausic|uiba n|jm nbsl eislju`y umfa wbìuijf`zwlj|`fuibaz, fae umlis f|umbsz mfxl clla n|jm nbsl jbazjib|z bh uml l}ulau bh umlis



658

bcìkfuiba! Ia zwlfdiak bh nbsf` wmi`bzbwmy fz l}usfbseiafsi`y iaelcule ub Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl, I n|zu cl |aelszubbe ub iaulae nbsf` wmi`bzbwmy fz |aelszubbe wslxib|z`y ubuml cslfd ia iuz mizubsy lhhljule cy Dfau, umfu iz, fz uml zjilajl bh uml s|`lz kbxlsaiak m|nfajbae|ju, bh umlis wsbwls iaulswslufuiba fae bh uml ìniufuibaz ub {mijm umly fsl z|colju! Ziajluml sizl bh uml Jsiuijf` Wmi`bzbwmy, nbsf` zjilajl mfz f`nbzu {mb``y `bzu iuz bèls nlfaiak,fae, l}jlwu {mlsl iu iz wslzlsxle |aels f elcfzle hbsn ia uml jfz|izusy zui`` j|ùixfule cySbnfa Jfumbìj umlb`bkifaz, iu zllnz ub cl slkfsele alfs`y |aixlszf``y fz f csfajm bh baub`bkijf` iav|isy! I eb abu dab{ umfu umlsl iz f ziak`l jbaulnwbsfsy Lakìzm {siuls, {ium

uml l}jlwuiba bh Es! [ml{l``, {mb |aelszufaez nbsf` wmi`bzbwmy fz iu {fz |aelszubbe clhbsl iu {fz fczbscle cy nlufwmyzijz fae clhbsl uml ksb|ae{bsd bh iuz s|`lz jfnl ub cl fnbsl inwbsufau jbazielsfuiba umfa uml s|`lz umlnzl`xlz! Zb `bak, mb{lxls, fz lumijf` zjilajlmfe ub eb {ium uml wsfjuijf` slkinla bh jbae|ju, iu {fz nbsl bs `lzz zfu|sfule {ium Sbnfa`f{! @idl f`` uml kslfu z|coljuz bh nbelsa umb|kmu, iu {fz bsikiaf``y iajbswbsfule {iumumlb`bky! Uml zjilajl bh Nbsf` Umlb`bky fz iu {fz fu hiszu jf``le, fae fz iu iz zui`` elzikafule cy uml Sbnfa Jfumbìj eixialz, {fz |aeb|cule`y jbazus|jule, ub uml h|`` dab{`lekl bh iuzf|umbsz, cy ufdiak wsiajiw`lz bh jbae|ju hsbn uml zyzuln bh uml Jm|sjm, fae cy |ziak uml`fak|fkl fae nlumbez bh o|sizws|elajl hbs umlis l}wslzziba fae l}wfaziba! [mi`l umiz wsbjlzz {lau ba, iu {fz ialxiufc`l umfu o|sizws|elajl, umb|km nlsl`y iaulaele ub cl uml

xlmij`l bh umb|kmu, zmb|è jbnn|aijful iuz jb`b|s ub uml umb|kmu iuzl`h! Uml uiakl sljlixleumsb|km jbaufju {ium `lkf` jbajlwuibaz iz wlshlju`y wlsjlwuic`l ia uml lfsìlzu lumijf`ìulsfu|sl bh uml nbelsa {bsè, fae iu iz lxielau, I umiad, umfu uml @f{ bh Jbausfju, cfzle fz iuiz ba uml jbnw`lul sljiwsbjiuy fae iaeizzb`|c`l jbaaljuiba bh sikmuz fae e|uilz, mfz fjule fz f{mb`lzbnl jbssljuixl ub uml wsleizwbziuibaz bh {siulsz {mb, ih `lhu ub umlnzl`xlz, nikmu mfxll}j`|zixl`y xil{le f nbsf` bcìkfuiba fz uml w|cìj e|uy bh f jiuila ia uml Jixiufz Eli! C|uuml fnb|au bh Sbnfa @f{ ia nbsf` umlb`bky cljbnlz zlazic`y znf``ls fu uml uinl bh iuzj|ùixfuiba cy uml kslfu Zwfaizm nbsfìzuz! Nbsf` umlb`bky, elxl`bwle cy uml o|sieijf`nlumbe bh ebjubs jbnnlauiak ba ebjubs, wsbxiele iuzl`h {ium f wmsfzlb`bky bh iuz b{a, fae

Fsizubulìfa wlj|ìfsiuilz bh slfzbaiak fae l}wslzziba, incicle eb|cu`lzz ia kslfu wfsu hsbnuml Eizw|ufuibaz ba Nbsf`z ia uml fjfelnijf` zjmbb`z, ufdl uml w`fjl bh umfu zwljif` u|sa bh umb|kmu fae zwlljm {mijm jfa alxls cl nizufdla cy fay wlszba jbaxlszfau {ium uml Sbnfa`f{! Ih uml jsleiu bh uml Zwfaizm zjmbb` bh nbsf` umlb`bkifaz mfe jbauia|le, uml o|sieijfìaksleilau ia lumijf` zjilajl {b|è mfxl clla iazikaihijfau, c|u uml |zl nfel bh umlis jbaj`|zibaz cy uml al}u klalsfuiba bh Sbnfa Jfumbìj {siulsz ba umlzl z|coljuz f`nbzulauisl`y elzusbyle umlis iah`|lajl! Nbsf` Umlb`bky, elksfele iaub Jfz|izusy, `bzu f`` iaulslzuhbs uml `lfelsz bh L|sbwlfa zwlj|`fuiba4 fae uml al{ zjilajl bh Nbsf` Wmi`bzbwmy, {mijm{fz lauisl`y ia uml mfaez bh uml Wsbulzufauz, z{lsxle kslfu`y fziel hsbn uml wfum {mijm umlnbsf` umlb`bkifaz mfe hb``b{le! Uml lhhlju {fz xfzu`y ub iajslfzl uml iah`|lajl bh Sbnfa

`f{ ba lumijf` iav|isy!

‐Zmbsu`y fhuls uml Slhbsnfuiba, {l hiae u{b kslfu zjmbb`z bh umb|kmu eixieiak umizj`fzz bh z|coljuz clu{lla umln! Uml nbzu iah`|lauif` bh uml u{b {fz fu hiszu uml zlju bs zjmbb`dab{a ub |z fz uml Jfz|izuz, f`` bh umln ia zwisiu|f` jbnn|aiba {ium uml Sbnfa JfumbìjJm|sjm, fae alfs`y f`` bh umln fhhiìfule ub bal bs bumls bh mls slìkib|z bselsz! Ba uml bumls



65;

ziel {lsl f cbey bh {siulsz jbaaljule {ium lfjm bumls cy f jbnnba iaul``lju|f` elzjlauhsbn uml kslfu f|umbs bh uml uslfuizl El O|sl Cl`ì luWfjiz, M|kb Ksbui|z! F`nbzu f`` bh uml`fuuls {lsl femlslauz bh uml Slhbsnfuiba4 fae umb|km iu jfaabu cl zfie umfu umly {lslhbsnf``y fae fxb{le`y fu jbahìju {ium uml Jfz|izuz, uml bsikia fae bcolju bh umlis zyzuln{lsl alxlsuml`lzz lzzlauif``y eihhlslau hsbn umbzl bh Jfz|izusy! Iu iz aljlzzfsy ub jf``fuulauiba ub umiz eihhlslajl, cljf|zl iu iaxb`xlz uml v|lzuiba bh uml iah`|lajl bh Sbnfa `f{ba umfu elwfsunlau bh umb|kmu {ium {mijm cbum zyzulnz fsl jbajlsale! Uml cbbd bh Ksbui|z,umb|km iu ub|jmlz v|lzuibaz bh w|sl Lumijz ia lxlsy wfkl, fae umb|km iu iz uml wfslau

innleiful bs slnbul bh iaa|nlsfc`l xb`|nlz bh hbsnf` nbsfìuy, iz abu, fz iz {l`` dab{a, f wsbhlzzle uslfuizl ba Nbsf` Wmi`bzbwmy4 iu iz fa fuulnwu ub elulsnial uml @f{ bh Afu|sl, bs Afu|sf` @f{! Ab{, {iumb|u laulsiak |wba uml v|lzuiba, {mlumls uml jbajlwuiba bh f @f{ Afu|sf` cl abu l}j`|zixl`y f jslfuiba bh uml Sbnfa o|sizjbaz|ùz, {l nfy `fy eb{a umfu,lxla ba uml fenizziba bh Ksbui|z minzl`h, uml eijuf bh uml Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl fz ub {mfu wfsuz bh dab{a wbziuixl `f{ n|zu cl ufdla ub cl wfsuz bh uml @f{ bh Afu|sl, fsl, ih abuiahf`ìc`l, ub cl sljlixle fu f`` lxlauz {ium uml wsbhb|aelzu slzwlju! Mlajl uml zyzuln bh Ksbui|z iz inwìjfule {ium Sbnfa `f{ fu iuz xlsy hb|aefuiba, fae umiz jbaaljuiba slaelsleialxiufc`l―{mfu uml `lkf` usfiaiak bh uml {siuls {b|è wlsmfwz mfxl laufi`le {iumb|u iu―umlhsll lnw`bynlau ia lxlsy wfsfksfwm bh uljmaijf` wmsfzlb`bky, fae bh nbelz bh slfzbaiak,

elhiaiak, fae i``|zusfuiak, {mijm n|zu zbnluinlz jbajlf` uml zlazl, fae f`nbzu f`{fyz umlhbsjl fae jbklajy, bh uml fsk|nlau hsbn uml slfels {mb iz |ahfniìfs {ium uml zb|sjlz{mlajl umly mfxl clla elsixle! Ba uml bumls mfae, Jfz|izusy cbssb{z ìuu`l hsbn Sbnfa`f{, fae uml xil{z bh nbsfìuy jbaulaele hbs mfxl abumiak {mfulxls ia jbnnba {ium uml|aelsufdiak bh Ksbui|z! F`` umfu wmi`bzbwmy bh sikmu fae {sbak {mijm mfz cljbnl hfnb|z, bs iahfnb|z, |aels uml afnl bh Jfz|izusy, mfe iuz bsikia ia uml eizuiajuiba clu{lla Nbsuf` faeXlaif` zia! F afu|sf` fa}iluy ub lzjfwl uml f{h|` jbazlv|lajlz bh elulsniaiak f wfsuij|`fs fju ub cl nbsuf``y ziah|`, fae f elzisl, lv|f``y iaul`ìkic`l, ub fzzizu uml Sbnfa JfumbìjJm|sjm ia iuz jbahìju {ium Wsbulzufauizn cy eizc|sumlaiak iu bh fa iajbaxlailau umlbsy, {lsl

uml nbuixlz {mijm inwl``le uml f|umbsz bh uml Jfz|izuijf` wmi`bzbwmy ub uml iaxlauiba bh fal`fcbsful zyzuln bh jsiulsif, iaulaele ub slnbxl innbsf` fjuibaz, ia fz nfay jfzlz fz wbzzic`l, b|u bh uml jfulkbsy bh nbsuf` bhhlajlz, fae ub zufnw umln fz xlaif` ziaz! Uml hful bh umiz l}wlsinlau iz nfuuls bh bseiafsy mizubsy! [l dab{ umfu uml eizuiajuibaz bh Jfz|izusy, cylafcìak uml wsilzumbbe ub feo|zu zwisiu|f` jbausb` ub f`` uml xfsiluilz bh m|nfa jmfsfjuls, eieslf``y jbahls ba iu fa iah`|lajl {ium wsiajlz, zufulznla, fae klalsf`z, |amlfse bh ia uml fklz clhbsl uml Slhbsnfuiba, fae eie slf``y jbausic|ul `fskl`y ub umfu kslfu slfjuiba {mijmjmljdle fae afssb{le uml hiszu z|jjlzzlz bh Wsbulzufauizn! C|u clkiaaiak ia uml fuulnwu, abuub lzufcìzm, c|u ub lxfel―abu ub eizjbxls f wsiajiw`l, c|u ub lzjfwl f wbzu|`ful―abu ubzluu`l uml afu|sl bh sikmu fae {sbak, c|u ub elulsnial {mfu {fz abu {sbak bh f wfsuij|`fs

afu|sl,―Jfz|izusy {lau ba {ium iuz el}ulsb|z slhialnlauz ui`` iu laele ia zb fuula|fuiak umlnbsf` hlfu|slz bh fjuibaz, fae zb cl`yiak uml nbsf` iazuiajuz bh b|s cliak, umfu fu `lakum umljbazjilajl bh nfadiae sbzl z|eela`y ia slxbù fkfiazu iu, fae jbazikale ub bal jbnnba s|iauml zyzuln fae iuz ebjubsz! Uml c`b{, `bak wlaeiak, {fz hiaf``y zus|jd ia uml Wsbxiajif`@luulsz bh Wfzjf`, fae ziajl uml fwwlfsfajl bh umbzl nlnbsfc`l Wfwlsz, ab nbsfìzu bh umlznf``lzu iah`|lajl bs jsleiu mfz lxls fxb{le`y jbae|jule miz zwlj|`fuibaz ia uml hbbuzulwz bh



65=

uml Jfz|izuz! Uml {mb`l hilè bh lumijf` zjilajl {fz um|z `lhu fu uml l}j`|zixl jbnnfae bh uml {siulsz {mb hb``b{le Ksbui|z4 fae iu zui`` l}miciuz ia fa l}usfbseiafsy elksll uml usfjlz bh umfu laufak`lnlau {ium Sbnfa `f{ {mijm iz zbnluinlz inw|ule fz f hf|ù, fae zbnluinlzuml mikmlzu bh iuz sljbnnlaefuibaz, ub uml Ksbuifa umlbsy! Nfay iav|islsz ziajl Ksbui|z’zefy mfxl nbeihile miz wsiajiw`lz, fae nfay, bh jb|szl, ziajl uml sizl bh uml jsiuijf` wmi`bzbwmy, mfxl v|iul elzlsule umln4 c|u lxla umbzl {mb mfxl elwfsule nbzu {iel`y hsbnmiz h|aefnlauf` fzz|nwuibaz mfxl iamlsiule n|jm bh miz nlumbe bh zufulnlau, bh miz usfia bh umb|kmu, fae bh miz nbel bh i``|zusfuiba4 fae umlzl mfxl ìuu`l nlfaiak fae ab wbiau ub uml

wlszba ikabsfau bh Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl!„Tabul 6Î mfxl f`slfey zfie umfu, {ium uml l}jlwuiba bh uml wmyzijf` zjilajlz, umlsl iz ab {f`d

bh dab{`lekl {mijm mfz clla zb zìkmu`y fhhljule cy Sbnfa `f{ fz Nlufwmyzijz! Uml slfzbaiz umfu eizj|zziba ba nlufwmyzijf` z|coljuz mfz f`{fyz clla jbae|jule ia Kslld, hiszu ia w|slKslld, fae fhuls{fsez ia f eif`lju bh @fuia l}wslzz`y jbazus|jule ub kixl l}wslzziba ub Kslld jbajlwuibaz! Uml nbelsa `fak|fklz mfxl ba`y clla hiuule ub nlufwmyzijf` iav|isilz cyfebwuiak umiz @fuia eif`lju, bs cy iniufuiak uml wsbjlzz {mijm {fz bsikiaf``y hb``b{le ia iuzhbsnfuiba! Uml zb|sjl bh uml wmsfzlb`bky {mijm mfz clla f`{fyz lnw`byle hbs nlufwmyzijfèizj|zziba ia nbelsa uinlz {fz uml @fuia usfaz`fuibaz bh Fsizubu`l, ia {mijm, {mlumls elsixle

bs abu hsbn Fsfcij xlszibaz, uml w`fa bh uml usfaz`fubs {fz abu ub zlld hbs faf`bkb|zl}wslzzibaz ia fay wfsu bh @fuia ìulsfu|sl, c|u ub jbazus|ju fal{ hsbn @fuia sbbuz f zlu bh wmsfzlz lv|f` ub uml l}wslzziba bh Kslld wmi`bzbwmijf` ielfz! Bxls z|jm f wsbjlzz umlulsniab`bky bh Sbnfa `f{ jfa mfxl l}lsjizle ìuu`l iah`|lajl4 fu nbzu, f hl{ @fuia `f{ulsnz ia f usfazn|ule zmfwl mfxl nfel umlis {fy iaub nlufwmyzijf` `fak|fkl! Fu uml zfnluinl iu iz {bsumy bh slnfsd umfu {mlalxls uml wsbc`lnz bh nlufwmyzijz fsl umbzl {mijm mfxl clla nbzu zusbak`y fkiufule ia [lzulsa L|sbwl, uml umb|kmu, ih abu uml `fak|fkl, clusfyz f`lkf` wfslaufkl! Hl{ umiakz ia uml mizubsy bh zwlj|`fuiba fsl nbsl inwslzzixl umfa uml hfjuumfu ab Kslld.zwlfdiak wlbw`l mfz lxls hlù iuzl`h zlsib|z`y wlsw`l}le cy uml kslfu v|lzuiba

bh Hsll.{i`` fae Aljlzziuy! I eb abu wslulae ub bhhls fay z|nnfsy l}w`fafuiba bh umiz, c|u iueblz abu zlln fa issl`lxfau z|kklzuiba umfu aliumls uml Kslldz, abs fay zbjiluy zwlfdiak faeumiadiak ia umlis `fak|fkl, lxls zmb{le uml znf``lzu jfwfjiuy hbs wsbe|jiak f wmi`bzbwmy bh `f{! @lkf` zjilajl iz f Sbnfa jslfuiba, fae uml wsbc`ln bh Hsll.{i`` fsizlz {mla {ljbaulnw`ful f nlufwmyzijf` jbajlwuiba |aels f `lkf` fzwlju! Mb{ jfnl iu ub cl f v|lzuiba{mlumls iaxfsifc`l zlv|lajl {fz ielauijf` {ium aljlzzfsy jbaaljuiba2 I jfa ba`y zfy umfu umlulaelajy bh Sbnfa `f{, {mijm cljfnl zusbakls fz iu fexfajle, {fz ub `bbd |wba `lkf`jbazlv|lajlz fz |aiule ub `lkf` jf|zlz cy fa ial}bsfc`l aljlzziuy, f ulaelajy nbzu nfsdle`yl}lnwìhile ia uml elhiaiuiba bh Bcìkfuiba {mijm I mfxl slwlfule`y jiule, ‐O|siz xiaj|`|nv|b aljlzziuful fezusiakin|s fìj|o|z zb`xlaeè sli!„

C|u uml wsbc`ln bh Hsll.{i`` {fz umlb`bkijf` clhbsl iu cljfnl wmi`bzbwmijf`, fae, ih iuz ulsnz mfxl clla fhhljule cy o|sizws|elajl, iu {i`` cl cljf|zl O|sizws|elajl mfz nfeliuzl`h hlù ia Umlb`bky! Uml kslfu wbiau bh iav|isy {mijm iz mlsl z|kklzule mfz alxls cllazfuizhfjubsi`y l`|jiefule! [mfu mfz ub cl elulsniale, iz {mlumls o|sizws|elajl mfz lxls zlsxle fz uml nlei|n umsb|km {mijm umlb`bkijf` wsiajiw`lz mfxl clla xil{le4 {mlumls, cy



659

z|ww`yiak f wlj|ìfs `fak|fkl, f wlj|ìfs nbel bh slfzbaiak fae f wlj|ìfs zb`|uiba bh nfaybh uml wsbc`lnz bh ìhl, iu mfz lxls bwlale al{ jmfaal`z ia {mijm umlb`bkijf` zwlj|`fuibajb|è h`b{ b|u fae l}wfae iuzl`h! Hbs uml w|swbzl bh kixiak fa faz{ls iu iz aljlzzfsy ubsljb``lju {mfu iz f`slfey fkslle |wba cy uml clzu {siulsz fz ub uml iaul``lju|f` hbbe {mijmumlb`bky hiszu fzzini`fule! Iu iz jbajlele ba f`` zielz umfu uml lfsìlzu `fak|fkl bh umlJmsizuifa Jm|sjm {fz Kslld, fae umfu uml wsbc`lnz ub {mijm iu hiszu feeslzzle iuzl`h {lslumbzl hbs {mijm Kslld wmi`bzbwmy ia iuz `fuls hbsnz mfe wslwfsle uml {fy! Kslld nlufwmyzijf` ìulsfu|sl jbaufiale uml zb`l zubjd bh {bsez fae ielfz b|u bh {mijm uml m|nfa

niae jb|è wsbxiel iuzl`h {ium uml nlfaz bh lakfkiak ia uml wsbhb|ae jbausbxlszilz fz ub umlEixial Wlszbaz, uml Eixial Z|czufajl, fae uml Eixial Afu|slz! Uml @fuia `fak|fkl fae umlnlfksl @fuia wmi`bzbwmy {lsl v|iul |alv|f` ub uml |aelsufdiak, fae fjjbseiak`y uml[lzulsa bs @fuia zwlfdiak wsbxiajlz bh uml Lnwisl febwule uml jbaj`|zibaz bh uml Lfzu{iumb|u eizw|uiak bs slxil{iak umln! ‐@fuia Jmsizuifaiuy,„ zfyz Elfa Ni`nfa, ‐fjjlwule umljslle {mijm iuz afssb{ fae cfssla xbjfc|`fsy jb|è mfse`y l}wslzz ia felv|ful ulsnz! Ylu,umsb|kmb|u, uml femlziba bh Sbnl fae uml [lzu {fz f wfzzixl fjv|ilzjlajl ia uml ebknfuijzyzuln {mijm mfe clla {sb|kmu b|u cy uml wsbhb|aels umlb`bky bh uml Lfzulsa eixialz,sfumls umfa f xikbsb|z fae bsikiaf` l}fniafuiba ba mls wfsu bh umbzl nyzulsilz! Uml @fuiaJm|sjm {fz uml zjmb`fs fz {l`` fz uml `byf` wfsuifa bh Fumfafzi|z!„ C|u {mla uml zlwfsfuiba

bh Lfzu fae [lzu cljfnl {iels, fae uml @fuia.zwlfdiak [lzulsa Lnwisl clkfa ub ìxl {iumfa iaul``lju|f` ìhl bh iuz b{a, iuz elhlslajl ub uml Lfzu {fz f`` fu bajl l}jmfakle hbs umlfkiufuiba bh f a|ncls bh v|lzuibaz lauisl`y hbslika ub Lfzulsa zwlj|`fuiba! ‐[mi`l Kslld umlb`bky -Ni`nfa, @fuia Jmsizuifaiuy, Wslhfjl, <) {lau ba elhiaiak {ium zui`` nbsl l}v|iziulz|cu`luy uml Kbemlfe fae uml afu|sl bh Jmsizu„―‐{mi`l uml iaulsniafc`l jbausbxlszy zui```lakumlale b|u fae jfzu hbsum zlju fhuls zlju hsbn uml lahllc`le jbnn|aiuy„―uml [lzulsaJm|sjm umsl{ iuzl`h {ium wfzzibaful fseb|s iaub f al{ bsels bh eizw|ulz, uml zfnl {mijmhsbn umbzl efyz ub umiz mfxl alxls `bzu umlis iaulslzu hbs fay hfni`y bh nfadiae fu fay uinliaj`|ele ia uml @fuia jbnn|aiba! Uml afu|sl bh Zia fae iuz usfaznizziba cy iamlsiufajl―uml

elcu b{le cy nfa fae iuz xijfsib|z zfuizhfjuiba―uml aljlzziuy fae z|hhijilajy bh umlFubalnlau―fcbxl f`` uml fwwfslau faufkbaizn clu{lla Hsll.{i`` fae uml EixialWsbxielajl―umlzl {lsl wbiauz {mijm uml [lzu clkfa ub elcful fz fselau`y fz lxls uml Lfzumfe eizj|zzle uml fsuij`lz bh iuz nbsl zwljif` jslle! [my iz iu umla umfu ba uml u{b zielz bh uml ìal {mijm eixielz uml Kslld.zwlfdiak hsbn uml @fuia.zwlfdiak wsbxiajlz umlsl ìl u{bj`fzzlz bh umlb`bkijf` wsbc`lnz zb zusidiak`y eihhlslau hsbn bal fabumls2 Uml mizubsifaz bh uml Jm|sjm mfxl jbnl j`bzl |wba uml zb`|uiba {mla umly slnfsd umfu uml al{ wsbc`lnz {lslnbsl ‐wsfjuijf`,„ `lzz fczb`|ul`y zwlj|`fuixl, umfa umbzl {mijm mfe ubsa Lfzulsa Jmsizuifaiuyfz|aels, c|u abal bh umln, zb hfs fz I fn f{fsl, mfz v|iul slfjmle iu! I fhhisn {iumb|umlziufuiba umfu uml eihhlslajl clu{lla uml u{b umlb`bkijf` zyzulnz iz fjjb|aule hbs cy uml

hfju umfu, ia wfzziak hsbn uml Lfzu ub uml [lzu, umlb`bkijf` wlj|`fuiba mfe wfzzle hsbn fjìnful bh Kslld nlufwmyzijz ub f jìnful bh Sbnfa `f{! Hbs zbnl jlau|silz clhbsl umlzljbausbxlszilz sbzl iaub bxls{ml`niak inwbsufajl, f`` uml iaul``lju|f` fjuixiuy bh uml [lzulsaSbnfaz mfe clla l}wlaele ba o|sizws|elajl l}j`|zixl`y! Umly mfe clla bjj|wile iafww`yiak f wlj|ìfs zlu bh wsiajiw`lz ub f`` jbnciafuibaz ia {mijm uml jisj|nzufajlz bh ìhlfsl jfwfc`l bh cliak fssfakle! Ab hbslika w|sz|iu bs ufzul jf``le bhh umlis fuulauiba hsbn umiz



6<7

laksbzziak bjj|wfuiba, fae hbs jfssyiak iu ba umly wbzzlzzle f xbjfc|`fsy fz fjj|sful fz iu{fz jbwib|z, f zusiju nlumbe bh slfzbaiak, f zubjd bh klalsf` wsbwbziuibaz ba jbae|ju nbslbs `lzz xlsihile cy l}wlsilajl, fae f sikie nbsf` wmi`bzbwmy! Iu {fz inwbzzic`l umfu umlyzmb|è abu zl`lju hsbn uml v|lzuibaz iaeijfule cy uml Jmsizuifa sljbsez umbzl {mijm mfe zbnlfhhiaiuy {ium uml bsels bh zwlj|`fuibaz ub {mijm umly {lsl fjj|zubnle, fae umfu umlis nfaals bh elfìak {ium umln zmb|è cbssb{ zbnlumiak hsbn umlis hbslazij mfciuz! F`nbzu lxlsycbey{mb mfz dab{`lekl lab|km bh Sbnfa `f{ ub fwwsljiful uml Sbnfa wlaf` zyzuln, umlSbnfa umlbsy bh uml bcìkfuibaz lzufcìzmle cy Jbausfju bs Elìju, uml Sbnfa xil{ bh Elcuz

fae bh uml nbelz bh iaj|ssiak, l}uiak|izmiak, fae usfazniuuiak umln, uml Sbnfa abuiba bh uml jbauia|fajl bh iaeixie|f` l}izulajll cy \aixlszf` Z|jjlzziba, nfy cl us|zule ub zfy{mlajl fsbzl uml hsfnl bh niae ub {mijm uml wsbc`lnz bh [lzulsa umlb`bky wsbxle zbjbaklaif`, {mlajl jfnl uml wmsfzlb`bky ia {mijm umlzl wsbc`lnz {lsl zufule, fae {mlajluml elzjsiwuiba bh slfzbaiak lnw`byle ia umlis zb`|uiba! Iu n|zu ba`y cl sljb``ljule umfu umlSbnfa `f{ {mijm mfe {bsdle iuzl`h iaub [lzulsa umb|kmu {fz aliumls uml fsjmfij zyzuln bh uml fajilau jiuy, abs uml ws|ale fae j|sufi`le o|sizws|elajl bh uml Cyfauial Lnwlsbsz4 zui```lzz, bh jb|szl, {fz iu uml nfzz bh s|`lz, alfs`y c|sile ia f wfsfziuijf` bxlsksb{um bh nbelsazwlj|`fuixl ebjusial, {mijm wfzzlz cy uml afnl bh Nbelsa Jixi` @f{! I ba`y zwlfd bh umfu wmi`bzbwmy bh o|sizws|elajl, {sb|kmu b|u cy uml kslfu o|sieijf` umiadlsz bh uml Faubaial fkl,

{mijm nfy zui`` cl wfsuif``y slwsbe|jle hsbn uml Wfaeljuz bh O|zuiaifa, f zyzuln ub {mijmhl{ hf|ùz jfa cl fuusic|ule l}jlwu wlsmfwz umfu iu finle fu f mikmls elksll bh l`lkfajl,jlsufiauy, fae wsljiziba umfa m|nfa fhhfisz {i`` wlsniu ub uml ìniuz {iumia {mijm m|nfa`f{z zlld ub jbahial umln!

Iu iz f ziak|`fs slz|ù bh umfu ikabsfajl bh Sbnfa `f{ {mijm Lakìzmnla slfei`yjbahlzz, fae bh {mijm umly fsl zbnluinlz abu fzmfnle ub cbfzu, umfu nfay Lakìzm {siulsz bh abul fae jsleiu mfxl clla `le cy iu ub w|u hbs{fse uml nbzu |aulafc`l bh wfsfeb}lzjbajlsaiak uml jbaeiuiba bh m|nfa iaul``lju e|siak uml Sbnfa lnwisl! Iu mfz clla jbazufau`y

fzzlsule, fz |amlziufuiak`y fz ih umlsl {lsl ab ulnlsiuy ia fexfajiak uml wsbwbziuiba, umfuhsbn uml j`bzl bh uml F|k|zufa lsf ub uml klalsf` f{fdlaiak bh iaulslzu ba uml wbiauz bh umlJmsizuifa hfium, uml nlauf` lalskilz bh uml jixiìzle {bsè {lsl zniuula {ium f wfsf`yziz! Ab{umlsl fsl u{b z|coljuz bh umb|kmu―uml ba`y u{b wlsmfwz {ium uml l}jlwuiba bh wmyzijf`zjilajl―{mijm fsl fc`l ub kixl lnw`bynlau ub f`` uml wb{lsz fae jfwfjiuilz {mijm uml niae wbzzlzzlz! Bal bh umln iz Nlufwmyzijf` iav|isy, {mijm dab{z ab ìniuz zb `bak fz uml niaeiz zfuizhile ub {bsd ba iuzl`h4 uml bumls iz @f{, {mijm iz fz l}ulazixl fz uml jbajlsaz bh nfadiae! Iu mfwwlaz umfu, e|siak uml xlsy wlsibe iaeijfule, uml Kslld.zwlfdiak wsbxiajlz{lsl elxbule ub bal, uml @fuia.zwlfdiak wsbxiajlz ub uml bumls, bh umlzl zu|eilz! I zfyabumiak bh uml hs|iuz bh zwlj|`fuiba ia F`l}faesif fae uml Lfzu, c|u I jbahielau`y fhhisn umfu

Sbnl fae uml [lzu mfe fa bjj|wfuiba ia mfae h|``y jfwfc`l bh jbnwlazfuiak umln hbs umlfczlajl bh lxlsy bumls nlauf` l}lsjizl, fae I fee umfu uml slz|ùz fjmilxle, zb hfs fz {ldab{ umln, {lsl abu |a{bsumy bh uml jbauia|b|z fae l}j`|zixl `fcbs clzub{le ba wsbe|jiak umln! Abcbey l}jlwu f wsbhlzzibaf` `f{yls iz wlsmfwz ia f wbziuiba jbnw`lul`y ub|aelszufae mb{ n|jm bh uml iaul``lju|f` zuslakum bh iaeixie|f`z @f{ iz jfwfc`l bh fczbsciak, c|u f `fynfa mfz ab eihhij|ùy ia jbnwslmlaeiak {my iu {fz umfu fa |a|z|f` zmfsl bh uml



6<6

jb``ljuixl iaul``lju bh Sbnl {fz laksbzzle cy o|siz ws|elajl! Uml wsbhijilajy bh f kixlajbnn|aiuy ia o|sizws|elajl elwlaez ia uml `bak s|a ba uml zfnl jbaeiuibaz fz iuz wsbkslzzia fay bumls ìal bh iav|isy4 fae uml jmilh bh umlzl fsl uml wsbwbsuiba bh uml afuibaf` iaul``ljuelxbule ub iu, fae uml `lakum bh uinl e|siak {mijm iu iz zb elxbule! Ab{, f jbnciafuiba bh f`ùml jf|zlz, eislju fae iaeislju, {mijm jbausic|ul ub uml fexfajiak fae wlshljuiak bh f zjilajljbauia|le ub bwlsful ba uml o|sizws|elajl bh Sbnl umsb|km uml lauisl zwfjl clu{lla umlU{l`xl Ufc`lz fae uml zlxlsfajl bh uml u{b Lnwislz,―fae umfu abu isslk|`fs`y bs fuiaulsxf`z, c|u ia zulfei`y iajslfziak hbsjl fae jbazufau`y f|knlauiak a|ncls! [l zmb|è

slh`lju umfu uml lfsìlzu iaul``lju|f` l}lsjizl ub {mijm f yb|ak afuiba elxbulz iuzl`h iz umlzu|ey bh iuz `f{z! Fz zbba fz uml niae nfdlz iuz hiszu jbazjib|z lhhbsuz ub{fsezklalsfìzfuiba, uml jbajlsaz bh lxlsy.efy ìhl fsl uml hiszu ub wslzz hbs iaj`|ziba {iumiaklalsf` s|`lz fae jbnwslmlazixl hbsn|`fz! Uml wbw|`fsiuy bh uml w|sz|iu ba {mijm f`` umllalskilz bh uml yb|ak jbnnba{lfùm fsl clau iz fu uml b|uzlu |acb|aele4 c|u iu jlfzlz iauinl! Uml nbabwb`y bh niae cy `f{ iz csbdla eb{a! Uml jsb{e fu uml nbsaiak f|eilajl bh uml kslfu Sbnfa o|sizjbaz|ù `lzzlaz! Uml zu|elauz fsl jb|aule cy m|aeslez iazulfe bh umb|zfaez ia uml Lakìzm Iaaz bh Jb|su! Fsu, @iulsfu|sl, Zjilajl, fae Wbìuijz, j`fin umlis zmfsl bh uml afuibaf` iaul``lju4 fae uml wsfjuijl bh o|sizws|elajl iz jbahiale {iumia uml jisj`lbh f wsbhlzziba, alxls iaelle ìniule bs iazikaihijfau, c|u fuusfjule fz n|jm cy uml sl{fsez fz

cy uml iausiazij sljbnnlaefuibaz bh umlis zjilajl! Umiz z|jjlzziba bh jmfaklz l}miciuleiuzl`h lxlanbsl zusidiak`y ia Sbnl umfa ia Lak`fae! Ub uml j`bzl bh uml Slw|cìj uml `f{{fz uml zb`l hilè hbs f`` fciìuy l}jlwu uml zwljif` uf`lau bh f jfwfjiuy hbs klalsf`zmiw! C|u fal{ zufkl bh iaul``lju|f` wsbkslzz clkfa {ium uml F|k|zufa fkl, fz iu eie {ium b|s b{aLìfclumfa lsf! [l f`` dab{ {mfu {lsl iuz fjmilxlnlauz ia wblusy fae wsbzl4 c|u umlsl fslzbnl iaeijfuibaz, iu zmb|è cl slnfsdle, umfu, clzielz iuz lhh`bslzjlajl ia bsafnlauf`ìulsfu|sl, iu {fz ba uml lxl bh umsb{iak b|u al{ fwuiu|elz hbs jbav|lzu ia wmyzijf` zjilajl!Mlsl, mb{lxls, iz uml wbiau fu {mijm uml mizubsy bh niae ia uml Sbnfa Zufulz jlfzlz ub cl wfsf``l` ub uml sb|ulz {mijm nlauf` wsbkslzz mfz ziajl umla w|sz|le! Uml csilh zwfa bh Sbnfa

ìulsfu|sl, zusiju`y zb jf``le, {fz z|eela`y j`bzle |aels f xfsiluy bh iah`|lajlz, {mijm umb|kmumly nfy wfsuif``y cl usfjle, iu {b|è cl inwsbwls ia umiz w`fjl ub faf`yzl! Fajilau iaul``lju{fz hbsjic`y ums|zu cfjd iaub iuz bè jb|szlz, fae `f{ fkfia cljfnl ab `lzz l}j`|zixl`y uml wsbwls zwmlsl hbs uf`lau umfa iu mfe clla ia uml efyz {mla uml Sbnfaz elzwizle wmi`bzbwmyfae wblusy fz uml ubyz bh f jmièizm sfjl! Bh {mfu afu|sl {lsl uml l}ulsaf` ia e|jlnlauz{mijm, e|siak uml Inwlsif` wlsibe, ulaele ub esf{ f nfa bh iamlslau jfwfjiuy ub uml w|sz|iuzbh uml o|sizjbaz|ù nfy clzu cl |aelszubbe cy jbazielsiak uml bwuiba {mijm {fz wsfjuijf``y clhbsl min ia uml jmbijl bh f wsbhlzziba! Ml nikmu cljbnl f ulfjmls bh smlubsij, fjbnnfaels bh hsbauils.wbzuz, bs f wsbhlzzibaf` {siuls bh wfalkysijz! Uml ba`y bumls {f`d bh fjuixl ìhl {mijm {fz bwla ub min {fz uml wsfjuijl bh uml `f{! Umsb|km umfu `fy uml fwwsbfjm

ub {lfùm, ub hfnl, ub bhhijl, ub uml jb|aji`.jmfncls bh uml nbafsjm―iu nfy cl ub uml xlsyumsbal iuzl`h!

Uml wslni|n ba uml zu|ey bh o|sizws|elajl {fz zb labsnb|z umfu umlsl {lsl zjmbb`zbh `f{ ia lxlsy wfsu bh uml Lnwisl, lxla ia uml xlsy ebnfia bh Nlufwmyzijz! C|u, umb|km umlusfazhls bh uml zlfu bh lnwisl ub Cyfaui|n kfxl f wlsjlwuic`l inwlu|z ub iuz j|ùixfuiba ia



6<5

JMFWULS ]! UML LFS@Y MIZUBSY BH EL@IJU FAE JSINL!Uml Ul|ubaij Jbelz, iaj`|eiak umbzl bh b|s Fak`b.Zf}ba fajlzubsz, fsl uml ba`y

cbeilz bh fsjmfij zlj|`fs `f{ {mijm mfxl jbnl eb{a ub |z ia z|jm f zuful umfu {l jfa hbsnfa l}fju abuiba bh umlis bsikiaf` einlazibaz! Fùmb|km uml l}ufau hsfknlauz bh Sbnfa faeMl``laij jbelz z|hhijl ub wsbxl ub |z umlis klalsf` jmfsfjuls, umlsl eblz abu slnfia lab|km bh umln hbs |z ub cl v|iul z|sl bh umlis wsljizl nfkaiu|el bs bh uml wsbwbsuiba bh umlis wfsuz ublfjm bumls! C|u zui`` ba uml {mb`l f`` uml dab{a jb``ljuibaz bh fajilau `f{ fsl jmfsfjulsizle cy f hlfu|sl {mijm csbfe`y eizuiak|izmlz umln hsbn zyzulnz bh nfu|sl o|sizws|elajl! Uml wsbwbsuiba bh jsiniaf` ub jixi` `f{ iz l}jlleiak`y eihhlslau! Ia uml Klsnfa jbelz, uml jixi`

wfsu bh uml `f{ mfz usihìak einlazibaz fz jbnwfsle {ium uml jsiniaf`! Uml usfeiuibaz {mijmzwlfd bh uml zfak|iafsy wlafùilz iahìjule cy uml jbel bh Esfjb zlln ub iaeijful umfu iu mfeuml zfnl jmfsfjulsizuij! Ia uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz f`bal wsbe|jle cy f zbjiluy bh kslfuls `lkf`klai|z fae fu hiszu bh klau`ls nfaalsz, uml jixi` `f{ mfz zbnlumiak ìdl iuz nbelsa wsljlelajl4 c|u uml sl`fuixl fnb|au bh zwfjl kixla ub uml nbelz bh sleslzziak {sbak, umb|kmabu labsnb|z, fwwlfsz ub mfxl clla `fskl! Iu nfy cl `fie eb{a, I umiad, umfu uml nbsl fsjmfijuml jbel, uml h|``ls fae uml nia|uls iz iuz wlaf` `lkiz`fuiba! Uml wmlabnlaba mfz bhula cllabczlsxle fae mfz clla l}w`fiale, ab eb|cu ub f kslfu l}ulau jbsslju`y, cy uml xib`lajlmfciu|f` ub uml jbnn|aiuilz {mijm hbs uml hiszu uinl sle|jle umlis `f{z ub {siuiak! Uml

`lkiz`fubs, iu iz zfie, wsbwbsuibale uml eixizibaz bh miz {bsd ub uml hslv|lajy bh f jlsufia j`fzzbh iajielauz ia cfscfsifa ìhl! I infkial, mb{lxls, umfu umiz fjjb|au iz abu v|iul jbnw`lul! Iuzmb|è cl sljb``ljule umfu uml jbnwfsfuixl cfsslaalzz bh jixi` `f{ ia fsjmfij jb``ljuibaz izjbazizulau {ium umbzl bumls jmfsfjulsizuijz bh fajilau o|sizws|elajl {mijm mfxl cllaeizj|zzle ia umiz uslfuizl! Aial.ulaumz bh uml jixi` wfsu bh uml `f{ wsfjuizle cy jixiìzlezbjiluilz fsl nfel |w bh uml @f{ bh Wlszbaz, bh uml @f{ bh Wsbwlsuy fae bh Iamlsiufajl, faebh uml @f{ bh Jbausfju! C|u iu iz w`fia umfu f`` umlzl wsbxiajlz bh o|sizws|elajl n|zu zmsiad {iumia afssb{ls cb|aefsilz, uml alfsls {l nfdl b|s fwwsbfjmlz ub uml iahfajy bh zbjif` csbumlsmbbe! Uml @f{ bh Wlszbaz, {mijm iz abumiak l`zl umfa uml @f{ bh Zufu|z, {i`` clslzusijule ub uml zjfauilzu ìniuz fz `bak fz f`` hbsnz bh zufu|z fsl nlskle ia jbnnba

z|coljuiba ub Wfulsaf` Wb{ls, fz `bak fz uml [ihl mfz ab sikmuz fkfiazu mls M|zcfae, uml Zbaabal fkfiazu miz Hfumls, fae uml iahfau [fse abal fkfiazu uml Fkafulz {mb fsl mizK|fseifaz! Zini`fs`y, uml s|`lz sl`fuiak ub Wsbwlsuy fae Z|jjlzziba jfa alxls cl w`lauih|`, zb`bak fz `fae fae kbbez elxb`xl {iumia uml hfni`y, fae, ih eizusic|ule fu f``, fsl eizusic|uleiaziel iuz jisj`l! C|u uml kslfulzu kfw ia fajilau jixi` `f{ {i`` f`{fyz cl jf|zle cy umlfczlajl bh Jbausfju, {mijm zbnl fsjmfij jbelz eb abu nlauiba fu f``, {mi`l bumlsz



6<<

zikaihijfau`y fuulzu uml innfu|siuy bh uml nbsf` abuibaz ba {mijm Jbausfju elwlaez cyz|ww`yiak iuz w`fjl {ium fa l`fcbsful o|sizws|elajl bh Bfumz! Umlsl fsl ab jbsslzwbaeiakslfzbaz hbs uml wbxlsuy bh wlaf` `f{, fae fjjbseiak`y, lxla ih iu cl mffseb|z ub wsbab|ajlumfu uml jmièmbbe bh afuibaz iz f`{fyz f wlsibe bh |akbxlsale xib`lajl, {l zmf`` zui`` cl fc`lub |aelszufae {my uml nbelsa sl`fuiba bh jsiniaf` `f{ ub jixi` zmb|è cl iaxlsule ia fajilaujbelz!

I mfxl zwbdla bh wsiniuixl o|sizws|elajl fz kixiak ub jsiniaf` `f{ f wsibsiuy |adab{a

ia f `fuls fkl! Uml l}wslzziba mfz clla |zle hbs jbaxlailajl’ zfdl, c|u ia hfju uml iazwljuibabh fajilau jbelz zmb{z umfu uml `f{ {mijm umly l}miciu ia |a|z|f` v|fauiuilz iz abu us|ljsiniaf` `f{! F`` jixiìzle zyzulnz fksll ia esf{iak f eizuiajuiba clu{lla bhhlajlz fkfiazuuml Zuful bs Jbnn|aiuy fae bhhlajlz fkfiazu uml Iaeixie|f`, fae uml u{b j`fzzlz bh iao|silz,um|z dlwu fwfsu, I nfy mlsl, {iumb|u wslulaeiak umfu uml ulsnz mfxl f`{fyz clla lnw`bylejbazizulau`y ia o|sizws|elajl, jf`` Jsinlz fae [sbakz, jsiniaf fae elìjuf! Ab{ uml wlaf`@f{ bh fajilau jbnn|aiuilz iz abu uml `f{ bh Jsinlz4 iu iz uml `f{ bh [sbakz, bs, ub |zl umlLakìzm uljmaijf` {bse, bh Ubsuz! Uml wlszba iao|sle wsbjllez fkfiazu uml {sbak.ebls cy fabseiafsy jixi` fjuiba, fae sljbxlsz jbnwlazfuiba ia uml zmfwl bh nbaly.efnfklz ih mlz|jjllez! Ih uml Jbnnlaufsilz bh Kfi|z cl bwlale fu uml w`fjl {mlsl uml {siuls uslfuz bh uml

wlaf` o|sizws|elajl hb|aele ba uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz, iu {i`` cl zlla umfu fu uml mlfe bh uml jixi`{sbakz sljbkaizle cy uml Sbnfa `f{ zubbe H|su|n bs Umlhu! Bhhlajlz {mijm {l fslfjj|zubnle ub slkfse l}j`|zixl`y fz jsinlz fsl l}j`|zixl`y uslfule fz ubsuz, fae abu umlhuba`y, c|u fzzf|ù fae xib`lau sbcclsy, fsl fzzbjifule cy uml o|sizjbaz|ù {ium uslzwfzz, ìcl`fae z`faels! F`` fìdl kfxl sizl ub fa Bcìkfuiba bs xiaj|`|n o|siz, fae {lsl f`` slv|iule cy f wfynlau bh nbaly! Umiz wlj|ìfsiuy, mb{lxls, iz nbzu zusbak`y csb|kmu b|u ia umljbazbìefule @f{z bh uml Klsnfaij usiclz! [iumb|u fa l}jlwuiba umly elzjsicl fa innlazlzyzuln bh nbaly jbnwlazfuibaz hbs mbnijiel, fae {ium hl{ l}jlwuibaz, fz `fskl f zjmlnl bh jbnwlazfuiba hbs niabs iao|silz! ‐\aels Fak`b.Zf}ba `f{,„ {siulz Ns! Dlnc`l -Fak`b.

Zf}baz, i! 6;;), ‐f z|n {fz w`fjle ba uml ìhl bh lxlsy hsll nfa, fjjbseiak ub miz sfad, fae fjbsslzwbaeiak z|n ba lxlsy {b|ae umfu jb|è cl iahìjule ba miz wlszba, hbs alfs`y lxlsyiao|sy umfu jb|è cl ebal ub miz jixi` sikmuz, mbab|s bs wlfjl4 uml z|n cliak fkksfxfulefjjbseiak ub fexlauiuib|z jisj|nzufajlz!„ Umlzl jbnwbziuibaz fsl lxielau`y slkfsele fz fxf`|fc`l zb|sjl bh iajbnl4 mikm`y jbnw`l} s|`lz slk|`ful uml uiu`l ub umln fae umlslzwbaziciìuy hbs umln4 fae, fz I mfxl f`slfey mfe bjjfziba ub zuful, umly bhula hb``b{ f xlsy wlj|ìfs ìal bh elxb`|uiba, ih umly mfxl abu clla fjv|iuule fu uml eljlfzl bh uml wlszba ub{mbn umly cl`bak! Ih umlslhbsl uml jsiulsiba bh f elìju, {sbak, bs ubsu cl umfu uml wlszba {mbz|hhlsz iu, fae abu uml Zuful, iz jbajlixle ub cl {sbakle, iu nfy cl fzzlsule umfu ia umliahfajy bh o|sizws|elajl uml jiuila elwlaez hbs wsbuljuiba fkfiazu xib`lajl bs hsf|e abu ba

uml @f{ bh Jsinl c|u ba uml @f{ bh Ubsu!

Ubsuz umla fsl jbwib|z`y la`fskle |wba ia wsiniuixl o|sizws|elajl! Iu n|zu cl feeleumfu Ziaz fsl dab{a ub iu f`zb! Bh uml Ul|ubaij jbelz iu iz f`nbzu |aaljlzzfsy ub nfdl umizfzzlsuiba, cljf|zl umbzl jbelz, ia uml hbsn ia {mijm {l mfxl sljlixle umln, {lsl jbnwi`lebs sljfzu cy Jmsizuifa `lkiz`fubsz! C|u iu iz f`zb us|l umfu uml aba.Jmsizuifa cbeilz bh fsjmfij



6<8

`f{ laufi` wlaf` jbazlv|lajlz ba jlsufia j`fzzlz bh fjuz fae ba jlsufia j`fzzlz bh bnizzibaz,fz cliak xib`fuibaz bh eixial wslzjsiwuibaz fae jbnnfaez! Uml `f{ feniaizulsle fu Fumlaz cy uml Zlaful bh Fslbwfk|z {fz wsbcfc`y f zwljif` slìkib|z jbel, fae fu Sbnl, fwwfslau`yhsbn f xlsy lfs`y wlsibe, uml Wbauihijf` o|sizws|elajl w|aizmle fe|ùlsy, zfjsi`lkl, fae wlsmfwz n|sels! Umlsl {lsl umlslhbsl ia uml Fumlaifa fae ia uml Sbnfa Zufulz `f{z w|aizmiak ziaz! Umlsl {lsl f`zb `f{z w|aizmiak ubsuz! Uml jbajlwuiba bh bhhlajl fkfiazu Kbe wsbe|jle uml hiszu j`fzz bh bseiafajlz4 uml jbajlwuiba bh bhhlajl fkfiazu bal’z alikmcb|s wsbe|jle uml zljbae4 c|u uml ielf bh bhhlajl fkfiazu uml Zuful bs fkkslkful jbnn|aiuy eie

abu fu hiszu wsbe|jl f us|l jsiniaf` o|sizws|elajl!Ylu iu iz abu ub cl z|wwbzle umfu f jbajlwuiba zb zinw`l fae l`lnlaufsy fz umfu bh

{sbak ebal ub uml Zuful {fz {fauiak ia fay wsiniuixl zbjiluy! Iu zllnz sfumls umfu uml xlsyeizuiajualzz {ium {mijm umiz jbajlwuiba iz slfìzle iz uml us|l jf|zl {mijm fu hiszu wslxlauzuml ksb{um bh f jsiniaf` `f{! Fu f`` lxlauz, {mla uml Sbnfa jbnn|aiuy jbajlixle iuzl`h ub cl iao|sle, uml faf`bky bh f wlszbaf` {sbak sljlixle {fz jfssile b|u ub iuz jbazlv|lajlz{ium fczb`|ul ìulsfàlzz, fae uml Zuful fxlakle iuzl`h cy f ziak`l fju ba uml iaeixie|f`{sbak.ebls! Uml slz|ù {fz umfu, ia uml iahfajy bh uml jbnnba{lfùm, lxlsy bhhlajl xiuf``yub|jmiak iuz zlj|siuy bs iuz iaulslzuz {fz w|aizmle cy f zlwfsful lafjunlau bh uml `lkiz`fu|sl!

Fae umiz iz uml lfsìlzu jbajlwuiba bh f jsinla bs Jsinl―fa fju iaxb`xiak z|jm mikm izz|lzumfu uml Zuful, iazulfe bh `lfxiak iuz jbkaizfajl ub uml jixi` usic|af` bs uml slìkib|z jb|su,eisljule f zwljif` `f{ bs wsixi`lki|n fkfiazu uml wlswlusfubs! Lxlsy iaeijunlau umlslhbsl ubbd uml hbsn bh f ci`` bh wfiaz fae wlafùilz, fae uml usif` bh f jsiniaf` {fz f wsbjlleiak {mb``yl}usfbseiafsy, {mb``y isslk|`fs, {mb``y iaelwlaelau bh zluu`le s|`lz fae hi}le jbaeiuibaz!Jbazlv|lau`y, cbum hbs uml slfzba umfu uml usic|af` eizwlaziak o|zuijl {fz uml zbxlslika Zufuliuzl`h, fae f`zb hbs uml slfzba umfu ab j`fzzihijfuiba bh uml fjuz wslzjsicle bs hbscieela {fz wbzzic`l, umlsl {fz abu fu umiz lwbjm fay @f{ bh jsinlz, fay jsiniaf` o|sizws|elajl! Uml wsbjle|sl {fz ielauijf` {ium uml hbsnz bh wfzziak fa bseiafsy zufu|ul4 iu {fz zlu ia nbuiba cy

uml zfnl wlszbaz fae jbae|ju le {ium wsljizl`y uml zfnl zb`lnaiuilz! Fae iu iz ub clbczlsxle umfu, {mla f slk|`fs jsiniaf` `f{ {ium fa fwwfsfu|z bh Jb|suz fae bhhijlsz hbs iuzfeniaizusfuiba mfe fhuls{fsez jbnl iaub cliak, uml bè wsbjle|sl, fz nikmu cl z|wwbzlehsbn iuz jbahbsniuy {ium umlbsy, zui`` ia zusijualzz slnfiale wsfjuijfc`l4 fae, n|jm fz slzbsuub z|jm fa l}wleilau {fz eizjsleiule, uml wlbw`l bh Sbnl f`{fyz slufiale uml wb{ls bh w|aizmiak cy f zwljif` `f{ bhhlajlz fkfiazu iuz nfolzuy! Uml j`fzzijf` zjmb`fs eblz abuslv|isl ub cl slniaele umfu ia l}fju`y uml zfnl nfaals uml Fumlaifa Ci`` bh Wfiaz faeWlafùilz, bs μιϊζκκμδζ, z|sxixle uml lzufcìzmnlau bh slk|`fs usic|af`z! Iu iz dab{a ubb umfu{mla uml hsllnla bh uml Ul|ubaij sfjlz fzzlnc`le hbs `lkiz`fuiba, umly f`zb j`finlef|umbsiuy ub w|aizm bhhlajlz bh wlj|ìfs c`fjdalzz bs wlswlusfule cy jsiniaf`z bh l}fùle

zufuiba! Bh umiz afu|sl {fz uml jsiniaf` o|sizeijuiba bh uml Fak`b.Zf}ba [iulafklnbu!

Iu nfy cl umb|kmu umfu uml eihhlslajl {mijm I mfxl fzzlsule ub l}izu clu{lla umlfajilau fae nbelsa xil{ bh wlaf` `f{ mfz ba`y f xlscf` l}izulajl! Uml jbnn|aiuy, iu nfy cl zfie, clzielz iaulswbziak ub w|aizm jsinlz `lkiz`fuixl`y, mfz hsbn uml lfsìlzu uinlziaulshlsle cy iuz usic|af`z ub jbnwl` uml {sbakebls ub jbnwb|ae hbs miz {sbak, fae ih iu eblz



6<;

umiz, iu n|zu f`{fyz mfxl z|wwbzle umfu ia zbnl {fy iu {fz iao|sle umsb|km miz bhhlajl! C|u,mb{lxls sikbsb|z umiz iahlslajl nfy zlln ub |z ab{.f.efyz, iu iz xlsy eb|cuh|` {mlumls iu{fz fju|f``y esf{a cy uml nla bh wsiniuixl fauiv|iuy! Mb{ ìuu`l uml abuiba bh iao|sy ub umljbnn|aiuy mfe ub eb {ium uml lfsìlzu iaulshlslajlz bh uml Zuful umsb|km iuz usic|af`z, izzmb{a cy uml j|sib|z jisj|nzufajl umfu ia uml bsikiaf` feniaizusfuiba bh o|zuijl, uml wsbjlleiakz {lsl f j`bzl iniufuiba bh uml zlsilz bh fjuz {mijm {lsl ìdl`y ub cl kbal umsb|kmia wsixful ìhl cy wlszbaz {mb {lsl eizw|uiak, c|u {mb fhuls{fsez z|hhlsle umlis v|fssl` ub clfwwlfzle! Uml nfkizusful jfslh|``y zin|`fule uml elnlfab|s bh f wsixful fsciusfubs jfz|f``y

jf``le ia!Ia bsels ub zmb{ umfu umiz zufulnlau iz abu f nlsl hfajih|` jbajliu, I {i`` wsbe|jl uml

lxielajl ba {mijm iu slzuz! Xlsy hfs uml nbzu fajilau o|eijif` wsbjlleiak dab{a ub |z iz uml@lkiz Fjuib Zfjsfnlaui bh uml Sbnfaz, b|u bh {mijm f`` uml `fuls Sbnfa `f{ bh Fjuibaz nfy cl wsbxle ub mfxl ksb{a! Kfi|z jfslh|``y elzjsiclz iuz jlslnbaif`! \anlfaiak faeksbulzv|l fz iu fwwlfsz fu hiszu zikmu, f ìuu`l fu ulauiba lafc`lz |z ub eljiwmls fae iaulswslu iu!

Uml z|colju bh ìuikfuiba iz z|wwbzle ub cl ia Jb|su! Ih iu iz nbxlfc`l, iu iz fju|f``yumlsl! Ih iu cl innbxlfc`l, f hsfknlau bs zfnw`l bh iu iz csb|kmu ia iuz w`fjl4 `fae, hbs

iazufajl, iz slwslzlaule cy f j`be, f mb|zl cy f ziak`l csijd! Ia uml l}fnw`l zl`ljule cyKfi|z, uml z|iu iz hbs f z`fxl! Uml wsbjlleiak clkiaz cy uml w`fiauihh’z fexfajiak {ium f sbe,{mijm fz Kfi|z l}wslzz`y ul``z, zyncbìzle f zwlfs! Ml `fyz mbè bh uml z`fxl fae fzzlsuz fsikmu ub min {ium uml {bsez, ‐M|aj lkb mbnialn l} O|sl V|isiui|n nl|n lzzl eijbzlj|ae|n z|fn jf|zfn zij|u ei}i4„ fae umla zfyiak, ‐Ljjl uici Xiaeijufn inwbz|i,„ mlub|jmlz min {ium uml zwlfs! Uml elhlaefau kblz umsb|km uml zfnl zlsilz bh fjuz fae klzu|slz!Ba umiz uml Wsèubs iaulsxlalz, fae ciez uml ìuikfauz sl`f} umlis mbè, ‐Niuuiul fncbmbnialn!„ Umly bcly, fae uml w`fiauihh elnfaez hsbn uml elhlaefau uml slfzba bh miziaulshlslajl, ‐Wbzu|`b faal eijfz v|ã l} jf|zã xiaeijfxlsiz,„ f v|lzuiba {mijm iz slwìle ub

cy f hslzm fzzlsuiba bh sikmu, ‐O|z wlslki zij|u xiaeijufn inwbz|i!„ Ba umiz, uml hiszu j`finfaubhhlsz ub zufdl f z|n bh nbaly, jf``le f Zfjsfnlau|n, ba uml o|zuijl bh miz b{a jfzl,‐V|faeb u| iao|siã wsbxbjfzui, E èsiz Zfjsfnlaub ul wsbxbjb,„ fae uml elhlaefau, ia uml wmsfzl, ‐Ziniìuls lkb ul,„ fjjlwuz uml {fkls! Uml z|czlv|lau wsbjlleiakz {lsl ab `bakls bh f hbsnf` diae, c|u iu iz ub cl bczlsxle umfu uml Wsèubs ubbd zlj|siuy hbs uml Zfjsfnlau|n,{mijm f`{fyz {lau iaub uml jbhhlsz bh uml Zuful!

Z|jm {fz uml aljlzzfsy wslhfjl bh lxlsy fajilau Sbnfa z|iu! Iu iz inwbzzic`l, I umiad,ub slh|zl fzzlau ub uml z|kklzuiba bh umbzl {mb zll ia iu f esfnfuifuiba bh uml bsikia bh O|zuijl! U{b fsnle nla fsl {sfakìak fcb|u zbnl eizw|ule wsbwlsuy! Uml Wsèubs, xis wiluful

ksfxiz, mfwwlaz ub cl kbiak cy fae iaulswbzlz ub zubw uml jbaulzu! Uml eizw|ufauz zuful umlis jfzl ub min, fae fksll umfu ml zmf`` fsciusful clu{lla umln, iu cliak fssfakle umfu uml `bzls clzielz slzikaiak uml z|colju bh uml v|fssl`, zmf`` wfy f z|n bh nbaly ub uml |nwisl fz fsln|alsfuiba hbs miz usb|c`l fae `bzz bh uinl! Umiz iaulswslufuiba {b|è cl `lzz w`f|zic`lumfa iu iz, {lsl iu abu umfu, cy f z|swsiziak jbiajielajl, uml jlslnbay elzjsicle cy Kfi|z fzuml inwlsfuixl jb|szl bh wsbjlleiak ia f @lkiz Fjuib iz z|czufauif``y uml zfnl {ium bal bh



6<9

iao|sle wsbwsilubs, ih `lhu ub minzl`h, {b|è iahìju f xlsy eihhlslau w|aizmnlau {mla miz c`bbe {fz mbu hsbn umfu {ium {mijm ml {b|è cl zfuizhile {mla uml Umilh {fz eluljule fhuls f jbazielsfc`l iaulsxf`4 fae ub umiz jf`j|`fuiba uml `lkf` zjf`l bh wlafùilz {fz feo|zule! Uml wsiajiw`l iz wsljizl`y uml zfnl fz umfu hb``b{le ia uml Fak`b.Zf}ba fae bumls Klsnfaijjbelz, {mla umly z|hhls f umilh jmfzle eb{a fae jf|kmu {ium uml cbbuy ub cl mfakle bs eljfwiufule ba uml zwbu, {mi`l umly l}fju uml h|`` wlafùilz bh mbnijiel hsbn faycbey {mbdi``z min fhuls uml w|sz|iu mfz clla iaulsniuule! Umlzl fsjmfij eizuiajuibaz csiak mbnl ub |zxlsy hbsjic`y uml eizufajl bh f slhiale hsbn f s|el o|sizws|elajl! Uml nbelsa feniaizusfubs

bh o|zuijl mfz jbahlzzle`y bal bh miz mfselzu ufzdz clhbsl min {mla ml |aelsufdlz ubeizjsiniaful clu{lla uml elksllz bh jsiniafìuy {mijm cl`bak ub bhhlajlz hf`ìak {iumia umlzfnl uljmaijf` elzjsiwuiba! Iu iz f`{fyz lfzy ub zfy umfu f nfa iz k|iùy bh nfaz`f|kmuls,`fsjlay, bs cikfny, c|u iu iz bhula nbzu eihhij|ù ub wsbab|ajl {mfu l}ulau bh nbsf` k|iù mlmfz iaj|ssle, fae jbazlv|lau`y {mfu nlfz|sl bh w|aizmnlau ml mfz elzlsxle! Umlsl izmfse`y fay wlsw`l}iuy ia jfz|izusy, bs ia uml faf`yziz bh nbuixl, {mijm {l nfy abu cl jf``le|wba ub jbahsbau, ih {l fuulnwu ub zluu`l z|jm f wbiau {ium wsljiziba4 fae fjjbseiak`y uml `f{bh b|s efy zmb{z fa iajslfziak ulaelajy ub fczufia fz n|jm fz wbzzic`l hsbn `fyiak eb{a wbziuixl s|`lz ba uml z|colju! Ia Hsfajl uml o|sy iz `lhu ub eljiel {mlumls uml bhhlajl {mijm iuhiaez jbnniuule mfz clla fuulaele cy l}ula|fuiak jisj|nzufajlz4 ia Lak`fae, f alfs`y

|acb|aele `fuiu|el ia uml zl`ljuiba bh w|aizmnlauz iz ab{ f``b{le ub uml o|ekl4 {mi`l f``Zufulz mfxl ia slzlsxl fa |ùinful slnley hbs uml nizjfssifklz bh `f{ ia uml Wslsbkfuixl bh Wfseba, |aixlszf``y `bekle {ium uml Jmilh Nfkizusful! Iu iz j|sib|z ub bczlsxl mb{ ìuu`l umlnla bh wsiniuixl uinlz {lsl usb|c`le {ium umlzl zjs|w`lz, mb{ jbnw`lul`y umly {lsl wlsz|fele umfu uml inw|`zlz bh uml iao|sle wlszba {lsl uml wsbwls nlfz|sl bh uml xlaklfajlml {fz lauiu`le ub l}fju, fae mb{ ìulsf``y umly iniufule uml wsbcfc`l sizl fae hf`` bh miz wfzzibaz ia hi}iak umlis zjf`l bh w|aizmnlau! I {izm iu jb|è cl zfie umfu umlis nlumbe bh `lkiz`fuiba iz v|iul l}uiaju! Umlsl fsl, mb{lxls, zlxlsf` nbelsa zyzulnz bh `f{ {mijm, iajfzlz bh ksfxls {sbak, feniu uml hfju bh uml {sbakebls mfxiak clla ufdla ia uml fju ub cl

w`lfele ia o|zuihijfuiba bh iabseiaful w|aizmnlau iahìjule ba min cy uml z|hhlsls―faiae|`klajl {mijm, umb|km z|wlshijif``y slkfsele iu nfy zlln iaul`ìkic`l, iz cfzle, fz iuzllnz ub nl, ba f xlsy `b{ nbsfìuy!

Abumiak, I mfxl zfie, jfa cl zinw`ls umfa uml jbazielsfuibaz {mijm |ùinful`y `lefajilau zbjiluilz ub uml hbsnfuiba bh f us|l jsiniaf` o|sizws|elajl! Uml Zuful jbajlixle iuzl`h ub cl {sbakle, fae uml Wbw|`fs Fzzlnc`y zus|jd zusfikmu fu uml bhhlaels {ium uml zfnlnbxlnlau {mijm fjjbnwfaile iuz `lkiz`fuixl fjuiba! Iu iz h|sumls us|l bh uml fajilau {bsè― umb|km abu wsljizl`y bh uml nbelsa, fz I zmf`` mfxl bjjfziba ub wbiau b|u―umfu uml lfsìlzujsiniaf` usic|af`z {lsl nlsl`y z|ceixizibaz, bs jbnniuullz, bh uml `lkiz`fu|sl! Umiz, fu f``

lxlauz, iz uml jbaj`|ziba wbiaule fu cy uml `lkf` mizubsy bh uml u{b kslfu zufulz bh fauiv|iuy,{ium ub`lsfc`l j`lfsalzz ia bal jfzl, fae {ium fczb`|ul eizuiajualzz ia uml bumls! Uml wsiniuixl wlaf` `f{ bh Fumlaz laus|zule uml jfzuikfuiba bh bhhlajlz wfsu`y ub uml Fsjmbaz,{mb zlln ub mfxl w|aizmle umln fz ubsuz, fae wfsu`y ub uml Zlaful bh Fslbwfk|z, {mijm w|aizmle umln fz ziaz! Cbum o|sizeijuibaz {lsl z|czufauif``y usfazhlssle ia uml lae ub umlMlìèf, uml Mikm Jb|su bh Wbw|`fs O|zuijl, fae uml h|ajuibaz bh uml Fsjmbaz fae uml



687

Fslbwfk|z cljfnl liumls nlsl`y niaizulsif` bs v|iul iazikaihijfau! C|u ‐Mlìèf„ iz ba`y fabè {bse hbs Fzzlnc`y4 uml Mlìèf bh j`fzzijf` uinlz {fz zinw`y uml Wbw|`fs Fzzlnc`yjbaxlale hbs o|eijif` w|swbzlz, fae uml hfnb|z Eidfzulsilz bh Fumlaz {lsl ba`y iuzz|ceixizibaz bs wfal`z! Uml jbsslzwbaeiak jmfaklz {mijm bjj|ssle fu Sbnl fsl zui`` nbsllfzi`y iaulswslule, cljf|zl uml Sbnfaz jbahiale umlis l}wlsinlauz ub uml wlaf` `f{, fae eieabu, ìdl uml Fumlaifaz, jbazus|ju wbw|`fs jb|suz {ium f jixi` fz {l`` fz f jsiniaf` o|sizeijuiba! Uml mizubsy bh Sbnfa jsiniaf` o|sizws|elajl clkiaz {ium uml Bè O|eijifWbw|ì, fu {mijm uml Diakz fsl zfie ub mfxl wslziele! Umlzl {lsl zinw`y zb`lna usif`z bh

kslfu bhhlaelsz |aels `lkiz`fuixl hbsnz! Iu zllnz, mb{lxls, umfu hsbn fa lfs`y wlsibe umlJbniuif mfe bjjfzibaf``y el`lkfule iuz jsiniaf` o|sizeijuiba ub f V|èzuib bs Jbnnizziba,{mijm cbsl n|jm uml zfnl sl`fuiba ub uml Fzzlnc`y {mijm f Jbnniuull bh uml Mb|zl bh Jbnnbaz clfsz ub uml Mb|zl iuzl`h, l}jlwu umfu uml Sbnfa Jbnnizzibalsz bs V|èzubslz eieabu nlsl`y slwbsu ub uml Jbniuif, c|u l}lsjizle f`` wb{lsz {mijm umfu cbey {fz iuzl`h ia umlmfciu bh l}lsjiziak, lxla ub uml wfzziak zlaulajl ba uml Fjj|zle! F V|èzuib bh umiz zbsu {fzba`y fwwbiaule ub usy f wfsuij|`fs bhhlaels, c|u umlsl {fz abumiak ub wslxlau u{b bs umsllV|èzuibalz ziuuiak fu uml zfnl uinl4 fae iu iz wsbcfc`l umfu zlxlsf` bh umln {lsl fwwbiaulezin|ùfalb|z`y, {mla zlxlsf` ksfxl jfzlz bh {sbak ub uml jbnn|aiuy mfe bjj|ssle ubklumls!Umlsl fsl f`zb iaeijfuibaz umfu ab{ fae umla umlzl V|èzuibalz fwwsbfjmle uml jmfsfjuls bh

b|s Zufaeiak Jbnniuullz, ia umfu umly {lsl fwwbiaule wlsibeijf``y, fae {iumb|u {fiuiak hbs bjjfziba ub fsizl ia uml jbnnizziba bh zbnl zlsib|z jsinl! Uml bè V|èzubslz Wfssijieii,{mb fsl nlauibale ia jbaaljuiba {ium usfazfjuibaz bh xlsy fajilau eful, fz cliak elw|ule ubusy -bs, fz zbnl ufdl iu, ub zlfsjm b|u fae usy) f`` jfzlz bh wfssijiel fae n|sels, zlln ub mfxl clla fwwbiaule slk|`fs`y lxlsy ylfs4 fae uml E||nxisi Wlse|l`ìbaiz, bs Jbnnizziba bh U{b hbs usif` bh xib`lau iao|sy ub uml Jbnnba{lfùm, fsl f`zb clìlxle cy nbzu {siulsz ubmfxl clla afnle wlsibeijf``y! Uml el`lkfuibaz bh wb{ls ub umlzl `fuuls h|ajuibafsilz csiak |zzbnl {fy hbs{fsez! Iazulfe bh cliak fwwbiaule {mla fae fz zuful.bhhlajlz {lsl jbnniuuleumly mfe f klalsf`, umb|km f ulnwbsfsy o|sizeijuiba bxls z|jm fz nikmu cl wlswlusfule! B|s

wsb}iniuy ub f slk|`fs jsiniaf` o|sizws|elajl iz f`zb iaeijfule cy uml klalsf` ulsnz‐Wfssijiei|n„ fae ‐Wlse|l`ìb,„ {mijm nfsd uml fwwsbfjm ub zbnlumiak ìdl f j`fzzihijfuibabh jsinlz!

Uml us|l jsiniaf` `f{ eie abu mb{lxls jbnl iaub l}izulajl ui`` uml ylfs cj 659, {mla@! Jf`w|sai|z Wizb jfssile uml zufu|ul dab{a fz uml @l} Jf`w|saif el Slwlu|aeiz! Uml `f{fwwìle ub jfzlz Slwlu|aefs|n Wlj|aifs|n, umfu iz, j`finz cy Wsbxiajif`z ub sljbxls nbailzinwsbwls`y sljlixle cy f Kbxlsabs.Klalsf`, c|u uml kslfu fae wlsnfalau inwbsufajl bh umizzufu|ul fsbzl hsbn iuz lzufcìzmiak uml hiszu V|èzuib Wlswlu|f! F V|èzuib Wlswlu|f {fz fWlsnfalau Jbnnizziba fz bwwbzle ub umbzl {mijm {lsl bjjfzibaf` fae ub umbzl {mijm {lsl

ulnwbsfsy! Iu {fz f slk|`fs jsiniaf` usic|af`, {mbzl l}izulajl efule hsbn uml wfzziak bh umlzufu|ul jslfuiak iu fae jbauia|le ui`` fabumls zufu|ul zmb|è wfzz fcbìzmiak iu! Iuz nlnclsz{lsl abu zwljif``y abniafule, fz {lsl uml nlnclsz bh uml bèls V|èzuibalz, c|u wsbxiziba{fz nfel ia uml `f{ jbazuiu|uiak iu hbs zl`ljuiak hsbn wfsuij|`fs j`fzzlz uml o|eklz {mb {lslub bhhijiful, fae hbs slal{iak umln ia jbahbsniuy {ium elhiaiul s|`lz! Uml bhhlajlz bh {mijmiu ubbd jbkaizfajl {lsl f`zb l}wslzz`y afnle fae elhiale ia umiz zufu|ul, fae uml al{



686

V|èzuib mfe f|umbsiuy ub usy fae zlaulajl f`` wlszbaz ia h|u|sl {mbzl fjuz zmb|è hf`` |aels uml elhiaiuibaz bh jsinl z|wwìle cy uml `f{! Iu {fz umlslhbsl f slk|`fs jsiniaf` o|eijfu|sl,feniaizulsiak f us|l jsiniaf` o|sizws|elajl!

Uml wsiniuixl mizubsy bh jsiniaf` `f{ eixielz iuzl`h umlslhbsl iaub hb|s zufklz!\aelszufaeiak umfu uml jbajlwuiba bh Jsinl, fz eizuiak|izmle hsbn umfu bh [sbak bs Ubsufae hsbn umfu bh Zia, iaxb`xlz uml ielf bh iao|sy ub uml Zuful bs jb``ljuixl jbnn|aiuy, {lhiszu hiae umfu uml jbnnba{lfùm, ia ìulsf` jbahbsniuy {ium uml jbajlwuiba, iuzl`h iaulswbzle

eislju`y, fae cy izb`fule fjuz, ub fxlakl iuzl`h ba uml f|umbs bh uml lxi` {mijm iu mfe z|hhlsle!Umiz iz uml wbiau hsbn {mijm {l zufsu4 lfjm iaeijunlau iz ab{ f ci`` bh wfiaz fae wlafùilz, fzwljif` `f{ afniak uml jsiniaf` fae wslzjsiciak miz w|aizmnlau! F zljbae zulw izfjjbnwìzmle {mla uml n|ùiwìjiuy bh jsinlz jbnwl`z uml `lkiz`fu|sl ub el`lkful iuz wb{lszub wfsuij|`fs V|èzuibalz bs Jbnnizzibaz, lfjm bh {mijm iz elw|ule ub iaxlzuikful f wfsuij|`fs fjj|zfuiba, fae ih iu cl wsbxle, ub w|aizm uml wfsuij|`fs bhhlaels! Ylu fabumls nbxlnlau iz nfel {mla uml `lkiz`fu|sl, iazulfe bh {fiuiak hbs uml f``lkle jbnnizziba bh fjsinl fz uml bjjfziba bh fwwbiauiak f V|èzuib, wlsibeijf``y abniafulz Jbnnizzibalsz ìdluml V|èzubslz Wfssijieii fae uml E||nxisi Wlse|l`ìbaiz, ba uml jmfajl bh jlsufia j`fzzlz bh jsinlz cliak jbnniuule, fae ia uml l}wljufuiba umfu umly {i`` cl wlswlusfule! Uml `fzu zufkl

iz slfjmle {mla uml V|èzuibalz hsbn cliak wlsibeijf` bs bjjfzibaf` cljbnl wlsnfalauClajmlz bs Jmfnclsz―{mla uml o|eklz, iazulfe bh cliak afnle ia uml wfsuij|`fs `f{abniafuiak uml Jbnnizziba, fsl eisljule ub cl jmbzla umsb|km f`` h|u|sl uinl ia f wfsuij|`fs {fy fae hsbn f wfsuij|`fs j`fzz―fae {mla jlsufia fjuz fsl elzjsicle ia klalsf` `fak|fklfae elj`fsle ub cl jsinlz, ub cl xiziule, ia uml lxlau bh umlis wlswlusfuiba, {ium zwljihile wlafùilz fwwsbwsifule ub lfjm elzjsiwuiba!

Ih uml V|èzuibalz Wlswlu|è mfe mfe f `bakls mizubsy, umly {b|è eb|cu`lzz mfxl jbnlub cl slkfsele fz f eizuiaju iazuiu|uiba, fae umlis sl`fuiba ub uml Jbniuif {b|è mfxl zllnle

ab j`bzls umfa uml jbaaljuiba bh b|s b{a Jb|suz bh @f{ {ium uml Zbxlslika, {mb izumlbsluijf``y uml hb|aufia bh o|zuijl! C|u uml Inwlsif` elzwbuizn elzusbyle umln clhbsl umlis bsikia mfe clla jbnw`lul`y hbskbuula, fae zb `bak fz umly `fzule, umlzl WlsnfalauJbnnizzibaz {lsl `bbdle |wba cy uml Sbnfaz fz uml nlsl elwbziufsilz bh f el`lkfule wb{ls! Uml jbkaizfajl bh jsinlz {fz jbazielsle f afu|sf` fuusic|ul bh uml `lkiz`fu|sl, faeuml niae bh uml jiuila alxls jlfzle ub cl jfssile cfjd hsbn uml V|èzuibalz ub uml Jbniuif{mijm mfe elw|ule umln ub w|u iaub l}lsjizl zbnl bh iuz b{a iafìlafc`l h|ajuibaz! Uml xil{{mijm slkfsele uml V|èzuibalz, lxla {mla umly cljfnl wlsnfalau, fz nlsl Jbnniuullz bh uml Wbw|`fs Fzzlnc`y―fz cbeilz {mijm ba`y niaizulsle ub f mikmls f|umbsiuy―mfe zbnlinwbsufau `lkf` jbazlv|lajlz {mijm `lhu umlis nfsd ba uml jsiniaf` `f{ ub uml xlsy `fulzu

wlsibe! Bal innleiful slz|ù {fz umfu uml Jbniuif jbauia|le ub l}lsjizl jsiniaf` o|sizeijuiba cy {fy bh ci`` bh wfiaz fae wlafùilz, `bak fhuls uml V|èzuibalz mfe cllalzufcìzmle! Umb|km uml `lkiz`fu|sl mfe jbazlaule ub el`lkful iuz wb{lsz hbs uml zfdl bh jbaxlailajl ub cbeilz l}ulsaf` ub iuzl`h, iu eie abu hb``b{ umfu iu z|sslaelsle umln! UmlJbniuif fae uml V|èzuibalz {lau ba usyiak fae w|aizmiak bhhlaelsz ziel cy ziel4 fae fay



683

|a|z|f` b|uc|szu bh wbw|`fs iaeikafuiba {fz z|sl, |aui` uml l}uiajuiba bh uml Slw|cìj, ub jf`èb{a |wba iuz bcolju fa iaeijunlau clhbsl uml Fzzlnc`y bh uml Usiclz!

Bal bh uml nbzu slnfsdfc`l wlj|ìfsiuilz bh uml iazuiu|uibaz bh uml Slw|cìj iz f`zbusfjlfc`l ub umiz elwlaefajl bh uml V|èzuibalz ba uml Jbniuif! Uml eizfwwlfsfajl bh uml w|aizmnlau bh Elfum hsbn uml wlaf` zyzuln bh Slw|cìjfa Sbnl |zle ub cl f xlsy hfxbsiulubwij {ium uml {siulsz bh uml `fzu jlau|sy, {mb {lsl wlswlu|f``y |ziak iu ub wbiau zbnl umlbsybh uml Sbnfa jmfsfjuls bs bh nbelsa zbjif` ljbabny! Uml slfzba {mijm jfa cl jbahielau`y

fzzikale hbs iu zufnwz iu fz w|sl`y hbsu|iub|z! Bh uml umsll hbsnz {mijm uml Sbnfa `lkiz`fu|slz|jjlzzixl`y fzz|nle, bal, iu iz {l`` dab{a―uml Jbniuif Jlau|sifuf―{fz l}j`|zixl`yufdla ub slwslzlau uml Zuful fz lncbeile hbs niìufsy bwlsfuibaz! Uml Fzzlnc`y bh umlJlau|silz, umlslhbsl, mfe f`` wb{lsz {mijm nfy cl z|wwbzle ub cl wsbwls`y `bekle {ium fKlalsf` jbnnfaeiak fa fsny, fae, fnbak umln, iu mfe f|umbsiuy ub z|colju f`` bhhlaelsz ubuml zfnl jbssljuiba ub {mijm f zbèils slaelsle minzl`h ìfc`l cy cslfjmlz bh eizjiwìal! UmlJbniuif Jlau|sifuf jb|è umlslhbsl iahìju jfwiuf` w|aizmnlau! Abu zb, mb{lxls, uml JbniuifJ|sifuf bs Jbniuif Usic|uf! Umly {lsl hluulsle ba umiz wbiau cy uml zfjslealzz {ium {mijmuml wlszba bh f Sbnfa jiuila, iaziel uml {f``z bh uml jiuy, {fz iaxlzule cy slìkiba fae `f{4fae, {ium slzwlju ub uml `fzu bh umln, uml Jbniuif Usic|uf, {l dab{ hbs jlsufia umfu iu cljfnl

f hi}le wsiajiw`l umfu uml Fzzlnc`y bh uml Usiclz jb|è fu nbzu inwbzl f hial! Zb `bak fzjsiniaf` o|sizeijuiba {fz jbahiale ub uml `lkiz`fu|sl, fae zb `bak fz uml fzzlncìlz bh umlJlau|silz fae bh uml Usiclz jbauia|le ub l}lsjizl jb.bseiaful wb{lsz, iu {fz lfzy ub wslhls iaeijunlauz hbs ksfxls jsinlz clhbsl uml `lkiz`fuixl cbey {mijm eizwlazle uml mlfxils wlafùilz4 c|u umla iu mfwwlale umfu uml nbsl elnbjsfuij fzzlnc`y, umfu bh uml Usiclz, f`nbzulauisl`y z|wlszlele uml bumlsz, fae cljfnl uml bseiafsy `lkiz`fu|sl bh uml `fuls Slw|cìj! Ab{ uml eljìal bh uml Slw|cìj {fz l}fju`y uml wlsibe e|siak {mijm uml V|èzuibalzWlswlu|è {lsl lzufcìzmle, zb umfu uml zufu|ulz jslfuiak umln {lsl f`` wfzzle cy f `lkiz`fuixlfzzlnc`y {mijm iuzl`h jb|è abu, fu iuz bseiafsy ziuuiakz, w|aizm f jsiniaf` {ium elfum! Iu

hb``b{le umfu uml Wlsnfalau O|eijif` Jbnnizzibaz, mbèiak f el`lkfule f|umbsiuy, {lsljisj|nzjsicle ia umlis fuusic|ulz fae jfwfjiuilz cy uml ìniuz bh uml wb{lsz slzieiak {ium uml cbey {mijm elw|ule umln! Umly jb|è eb abumiak {mijm uml Fzzlnc`y bh uml usiclz jb|èabu mfxl ebal4 fae, fz uml Fzzlnc`y jb|è abu zlaulajl ub elfum, uml V|èzuibalz {lsllv|f``y iajbnwlulau ub f{fse jfwiuf` w|aizmnlau! Uml fabnf`y um|z slz|ùiak {fz abuxil{le ia fajilau uinlz {ium fayumiak ìdl uml hfxb|s {mijm iu mfz fuusfjule fnbak umlnbelsaz, fae ia elle, {mi`l iu iz v|lzuibafc`l {mlumls uml Sbnfa jmfsfjuls {fz fu f`` uml cluuls hbs iu, iu iz jlsufia umfu uml Sbnfa Jbazuiu|uiba {fz f kslfu elf` uml {bszl! @idl lxlsybumls iazuiu|uiba {mijm mfz fjjbnwfaile uml m|nfa sfjl eb{a uml j|sslau bh iuz mizubsy, uml w|aizmnlau bh elfum iz f aljlzziuy bh zbjiluy ia jlsufia zufklz bh uml jixiìziak wsbjlzz! Umlsl

iz f uinl {mla uml fuulnwu ub eizwlazl {ium iu cf|`dz cbum bh uml u{b kslfu iazuiajuz {mijm ìlfu uml sbbu bh f`` wlaf` `f{! [iumb|u iu, uml jbnn|aiuy aliumls hll`z umfu iu iz z|hhijilau`yslxlakle ba uml jsiniaf`, abs umiadz umfu uml l}fnw`l bh miz w|aizmnlau iz felv|ful ub eluls bumlsz hsbn iniufuiak min! Uml iajbnwlulajl bh uml Sbnfa Usic|af`z ub wfzz zlaulajl bh elfum `le eizuiaju`y fae eislju`y ub umbzl hsikmuh|` Slxb`|uibafsy iaulsxf`z, dab{a fz umlWsbzjsiwuibaz, e|siak {mijm f`` `f{ {fz hbsnf``y z|zwlaele zinw`y cljf|zl wfsuy xib`lajl



68:

jb|è hiae ab bumls fxla|l ub uml xlaklfajl hbs {mijm iu {fz umiszuiak! Ab jf|zl jbausic|ulezb wb{lsh|``y ub uml eljfy bh wbìuijf` jfwfjiuy ia uml Sbnfa wlbw`l fz umiz wlsibeijf`fclyfajl bh uml `f{z4 fae, {mla iu mfe bajl clla slzbsule ub, {l alle abu mlziuful ub fzzlsuumfu uml s|ia bh Sbnfa ìclsuy cljfnl nlsl`y f v|lzuiba bh uinl! Ih uml wsfjuijl bh umlUsic|af`z mfe fhhbsele fa felv|ful xlau hbs wbw|`fs wfzziba, uml hbsnz bh o|eijif` wsbjle|sl{b|è ab eb|cu mfxl clla fz h`fksfau`y wlsxlsule fz {ium |z ia uml slikaz bh uml `fuls Zu|fsuz, c|u afuibaf` jmfsfjuls {b|è abu mfxl z|hhlsle fz ellw`y fz iu eie, abs {b|è uml zufciìuy bh Sbnfa iazuiu|uibaz mfxl clla fz zlsib|z`y lahllc`le!

I {i`` nlauiba u{b nbsl ziak|`fsiuilz bh uml Sbnfa Jsiniaf` Zyzuln {mijm {lsl wsbe|jle cy uml zfnl umlbsy bh o|eijif` f|umbsiuy! Umly fsl, uml l}uslnl n|ùiwìjiuy bh umlSbnfa jsiniaf` usic|af`z, fae uml jfwsijib|z fae fabnf`b|z j`fzzihijfuiba bh jsinlz {mijmjmfsfjulsizle Sbnfa wlaf` o|sizws|elajl umsb|kmb|u iuz lauisl mizubsy! Lxlsy V|èzuib, iu mfz clla zfie, {mlumls Wlswlu|f` bs bumls{izl, mfe iuz bsikia ia f eizuiaju zufu|ul! Hsbn uml `f{{mijm jslfule iu, iu elsixle iuz f|umbsiuy4 iu sikbsb|z`y bczlsxle uml ìniuz {mijm iuz jmfsuls wslzjsicle ub iu, fae ub|jmle ab hbsn bh jsiniafìuy {mijm umfu jmfsuls eie abu l}wslzz`yelhial! Fz umla uml zufu|ulz {mijm jbazuiu|ule uml xfsib|z V|èzuibalz {lsl f`` jf``le hbsum cy wfsuij|`fs lnlsklajilz, lfjm bh umln cliak ia hfju wfzzle ub w|aizm f j`fzz bh fjuz {mijm uml

jisj|nzufajlz bh uml uinl slaelsle wfsuij|`fs`y beib|z bs wfsuij|`fs`y efaklsb|z, umlzllafjunlauz nfel abu uml zìkmulzu slhlslajl ub lfjm bumls, fae {lsl jbaaljule cy abjbnnba wsiajiw`l! U{lauy bs umisuy eihhlslau jsiniaf` `f{z {lsl ia l}izulajl ubklumls, {iuml}fju`y uml zfnl a|ncls bh V|èzuibalz ub feniaizuls umln4 abs {fz fay fuulnwu nfele|siak uml Slw|cìj ub h|zl umlzl eizuiaju o|eijif` cbeilz iaub bal, bs ub kixl zynnlusy ub uml wsbxizibaz bh uml zufu|ulz {mijm fwwbiaule umln fae elhiale umlis e|uilz! Uml zuful bh umlSbnfa jsiniaf` o|sizeijuiba fu umiz wlsibe, l}miciule zbnl slzlnc`fajl ub uml feniaizusfuibabh jixi` slnleilz ia Lak`fae fu uml uinl {mla uml Lakìzm Jb|suz bh Jbnnba @f{ mfe abufz ylu iausbe|jle umbzl hijuiuib|z fxlsnlauz iaub umlis {siuz {mijm lafc`le umln ub uslzwfzz

ba lfjm bumls’z wlj|ìfs wsbxiajl! @idl uml V|èzuibalz, uml Jb|suz bh V|lla’z Clajm,Jbnnba W`lfz, fae L}jmlv|ls, {lsl f`` umlbsluijf` lnfafuibaz hsbn f mikmls f|umbsiuy, faelfjm laulsufiale f zwljif` j`fzz bh jfzlz z|wwbzle ub cl jbnniuule ub iu cy uml hb|aufia bh iuz o|sizeijuiba4 c|u umla uml Sbnfa V|èzuibalz {lsl nfay nbsl umfa umsll ia a|ncls, fae iu{fz iahiaiul`y `lzz lfzy ub eizjsiniaful uml fjuz {mijm hl`` |aels uml jbkaizfajl bh lfjmV|èzuib, umfa ub eizuiak|izm clu{lla uml wsbxiajlz bh uml umsll Jb|suz ia [lzunaizuls Mf``!Uml eihhij|ùy bh esf{iak l}fju ìalz clu{lla uml zwmlslz bh uml eihhlslau V|èzuibalz nfeluml n|ùiwìjiuy bh Sbnfa usic|af`z zbnlumiak nbsl umfa f nlsl iajbaxlailajl4 hbs {l slfe{ium fzubaizmnlau umfu {mla iu {fz abu innleiful`y j`lfs |aels {mfu klalsf` elzjsiwuiba fnfa’z f``lkle bhhlajl sfakle umlnzl`xlz, ml nikmu cl iaeijule fu bajl, bs z|jjlzzixl`y

clhbsl zlxlsf` eihhlslau Jbnnizzibaz, ba uml jmfajl bh zbnl bh umln elj`fsiak iuzl`h jbnwlulau ub jbaxiju min4 fae, fùmb|km jbaxijuiba cy bal V|èzuib b|zule uml o|sizeijuibabh uml slzu, fjv|iuuf` cy bal bh umln jb|è abu cl w`lfele ub fa fjj|zfuiba clhbsl fabumls!Umiz {fz eislju`y jbausfsy ub uml s|`l bh uml Sbnfa jixi` `f{4 fae {l nfy cl z|sl umfu f wlbw`l zb zlaziuixl fz uml Sbnfaz ub fabnfìlz -bs, fz umlis zikaihijfau wmsfzl {fz, ubial`lkfajilz) ia o|sizws|elajl, {b|è abu `bak mfxl ub`lsfule iu, mfe abu uml nl`fajmb`y



685

mizubsy bh uml V|èzuibalz jf|zle umln ub cl slkfsele n|jm nbsl fz ulnwbsfsy {lfwbaz iauml mfaez bh hfjuibaz umfa fz wlsnfalau iazuiu|uibaz hbs uml jbssljuiba bh jsinl! UmlLnwlsbsz zbba fcbìzmle umiz n|ùiwìjiuy fae jbahìju bh o|sizeijuiba4 c|u iu iz slnfsdfc`lumfu umly eie abu slnbxl fabumls ziak|`fsiuy bh uml jsiniaf` `f{ {mijm zufaez ia j`bzljbaaljuiba {ium uml a|ncls bh uml Jb|suz! Uml j`fzzihijfuibaz bh jsinlz {mijm fsl jbaufialelxla ia uml Jbsw|z O|siz bh O|zuiaifa fsl slnfsdfc`y jfwsijib|z! Lfjm V|èzuib mfe, ia hfju,jbahiale iuzl`h ub uml jsinlz jbnniuule ub iuz jbkaizfajl cy iuz jmfsuls! Umlzl jsinlz,mb{lxls, {lsl ba`y j`fzzle ubklumls ia uml bsikiaf` zufu|ul cljf|zl umly mfwwlale ub jf``

zin|ùfalb|z`y hbs jfzuikfuiba fu uml nbnlau bh wfzziak iu! Umly mfe abu umlslhbsl fayumiakaljlzzfsi`y ia jbnnba4 c|u uml hfju bh umlis jbazuiu|uiak uml wfsuij|`fs z|colju.nfuuls bh usif`z clhbsl f wfsuij|`fs V|èzuib inwslzzle iuzl`h afu|sf``y ba uml w|cìj fuulauiba, fae zbiaxlulsful eie uml fzzbjifuiba cljbnl clu{lla uml bhhlajlz nlauibale ia uml zfnl zufu|ulumfu, lxla {mla hbsnf` fuulnwuz {lsl nfel cy Zy``f fae cy uml Lnwlsbs F|k|zu|z ubjbazbìeful uml Sbnfa jsiniaf` `f{, uml `lkiz`fubs wslzlsxle uml bè ksb|wiak! Uml Zufu|ulzbh Zy``f fae F|k|zu|z {lsl uml hb|aefuiba bh uml wlaf` o|sizws|elajl bh uml Lnwisl, faeabumiak jfa cl nbsl l}usfbseiafsy umfa zbnl bh uml j`fzzihijfuibaz {mijm umly clv|lfumle ubiu! I alle ba`y kixl f ziak`l l}fnw`l ia uml hfju umfu wlso|sy {fz f`{fyz j`fzzle {ium j|uuiakfae {b|aeiak fae {ium wbizbaiak, ab eb|cu cljf|zl f `f{ bh Zy``f, uml @l} Jbsalìf el

Zijfsiiz lu Xlalhijiz, mfe kixla o|sizeijuiba bxls f`` umlzl umsll hbsnz bh jsinl ub uml zfnlWlsnfalau Jbnnizziba! Iu zllnz ubb umfu umiz jfwsijib|z ksb|wiak bh jsinlz fhhljule umlxlsafj|`fs zwlljm bh uml Sbnfaz! Wlbw`l afu|sf``y hl`` iaub uml mfciu bh elzikafuiak f`` umlbhhlajlz la|nlsfule ia bal `f{ cy uml hiszu afnl ba uml ìzu, {mijm eb|cu`lzz kfxl iuz zuy`lub uml @f{ Jb|su elw|ule ub usy umln f``! F`` uml bhhlajlz usile cy uml V|èzuib El Fe|ùlsiiz{b|è um|z cl jf``le Fe|ùlsy!

I mfxl e{lù ba uml mizubsy fae jmfsfjulsizuijz bh uml Sbnfa V|èzuibalz cljf|zl umlhbsnfuiba bh f jsiniaf` o|sizws|elajl iz ab{mlsl l`zl zb iazus|juixl`y l}lnwìhile! Uml `fzu

V|èzuibalz {lsl feele cy uml Lnwlsbs F|k|zu|z, fae hsbn umfu uinl uml Sbnfaz nfy clzfie ub mfxl mfe f ub`lsfc`y jbnw`lul jsiniaf` `f{! Jbaj|sslau`y {ium iuz ksb{um, umlfaf`bkb|z wsbjlzz mfe kbal ba, {mijm I mfxl jf``le uml jbaxlsziba bh [sbakz iaub Jsinlz,hbs, umb|km uml Sbnfa `lkiz`fu|sl eie abu l}uiak|izm uml jixi` slnley hbs uml nbsl mliab|zbhhlajlz, iu bhhlsle uml z|hhlsls f sleslzz {mijm ml {fz z|sl ub wslhls! Zui``, lxla fhuls F|k|zu|z mfe jbnw`lule miz `lkiz`fuiba, zlxlsf` bhhlajlz jbauia|le ub cl slkfsele fz[sbakz, {mijm nbelsa zbjiluilz `bbd |wba l}j`|zixl`y fz jsinlz4 abs eie umly cljbnljsiniaf``y w|aizmfc`l ui`` zbnl `ful c|u |ajlsufia eful, fu {mijm uml `f{ clkfa ub ufdl abuijlbh f al{ elzjsiwuiba bh bhhlajlz jf``le ia uml Eiklzu jsiniaf l}usfbseiafsif! Umlzl {lsleb|cu`lzz f j`fzz bh fjuz {mijm uml umlbsy bh Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl uslfule nlsl`y fz {sbakz4

c|u uml ksb{iak zlazl bh uml nfolzuy bh zbjiluy slxbùle hsbn umlis laufiìak abumiak {bszlba umlis wlswlusfubs umfa uml wfynlau bh nbaly efnfklz, fae fjjbseiak`y uml iao|sle wlszbazllnz ub mfxl clla wlsniuule ih ml w`lfzle, ub w|sz|l umln fz jsinlz l}usf bseialn, umfu iz, cy f nbel bh sleslzz elwfsuiak ia zbnl slzwlju bs bumls hsbn uml bseiafsy wsbjle|sl! Hsbnuml wlsibe fu {mijm umlzl jsiniaf l}usfbseiafsif {lsl hiszu sljbkaizle, uml ìzu bh jsinlz iauml Sbnfa Zufulz n|zu mfxl clla fz `bak fz ia fay jbnn|aiuy bh uml nbelsa {bsè!



68<

Iu iz |aaljlzzfsy ub elzjsicl {ium fay nia|ulalzz uml nbel bh feniaizulsiak jsiniaf` o|zuijl |aels uml Sbnfa Lnwisl, c|u iu iz ub cl abule umfu cbum iuz umlbsy fae wsfjuijl mfxlmfe wb{lsh|` lhhlju ba nbelsa zbjiluy! Uml Lnwlsbsz eie abu innleiful`y fcbìzm umlV|èzuibalz, fae fu hiszu umly jbnniuule fa l}ulazixl jsiniaf` o|sizeijuiba ub uml Zlaful, ia{mijm, mb{lxls zlsxi`l iu nikmu zmb{ iuzl`h ia hfju, uml Lnwlsbs {fz ab nbsl abniaf``y umfaf Zlafubs ìdl uml slzu! C|u zbnl zbsu bh jb``fulsf` jsiniaf` o|sizeijuiba mfe clla j`finle cyuml Wsiajl hsbn uml hiszu4 fae umiz, fz sljb``ljuibaz bh uml hsll jbnnba{lfùm eljfyle,

ulaele zulfei`y ub kfia fu uml l}wlazl bh uml bè usic|af`z! Ksfe|f``y uml w|aizmnlau bh jsinlz {fz usfazhlssle ub nfkizusfulz eislju`y abniafule cy uml Lnwlsbs, fae uml wsixi`lklzbh uml Zlaful wfzzle ub uml Inwlsif` Wsixy Jb|aji`, {mijm f`zb cljfnl f Jb|su bh |ùinfuljsiniaf` fwwlf`! \aels umlzl iah`|lajlz uml ebjusial, hfniìfs ub uml nbelsaz, iazlazic`yzmfwle iuzl`h umfu uml Zbxlslika iz uml hb|aufia bh f`` O|zuijl fae uml elwbziufsy bh f`` Ksfjl!Iu {fz abu zb n|jm uml hs|iu bh iajslfziak fe|`fuiba fae zlsxiìuy fz bh uml jlausfìzfuiba bh uml Lnwisl {mijm mfe cy umiz uinl wlshljule iuzl`h! Uml umlbsy bh jsiniaf` o|zuijl mfe, iahfju, {bsdle sb|ae f`nbzu ub uml wbiau hsbn {mijm iu zufsule! Iu mfe clk|a ia uml clìlh umfu iu{fz uml c|zialzz bh uml jb``ljuixl jbnn|aiuy ub fxlakl iuz b{a {sbakz cy iuz b{a mfae4 faeiu laele ia uml ebjusial umfu uml jmfzuizlnlau bh jsinlz cl`bakle ia fa lzwljif` nfaals ub uml

Zbxlslika fz slwslzlaufuixl fae nfaefufsy bh miz wlbw`l! Uml al{ xil{ eihhlsle hsbn umlbè bal jmilh`y ia uml fis bh f{h|àlzz fae nfolzuy {mijm uml k|fseifazmiw bh o|zuijlfwwlfsle ub umsb{ fsb|ae uml wlszba bh uml Zbxlslika!

Umiz `fuls Sbnfa xil{ bh uml Zbxlslika’z sl`fuiba ub o|zuijl jlsufia`y fzzizule iazfxiak nbelsa zbjiluilz hsbn uml aljlzziuy bh usfxl`ìak umsb|km uml zlsilz bh jmfaklz {mijmI mfxl i``|zusfule cy uml mizubsy bh uml V|èzuibalz! Ia uml wsiniuixl `f{ bh f`nbzu f`` umlsfjlz {mijm mfxl wlbw`le [lzulsa L|sbwl umlsl fsl xlzuiklz bh uml fsjmfij abuiba umfu uml w|aizmnlau bh jsinlz cl`bakz ub uml klalsf` fzzlnc`y bh hsllnla4 fae umlsl fsl zbnl

Zufulz―Zjbu`fae iz zfie ub cl bal bh umln―ia {mijm uml wfslaufkl bh uml l}izuiak o|eijfu|sljfa cl usfjle |w ub f Jbnniuull bh uml `lkiz`fuixl cbey! C|u uml elxl`bwnlau bh uml jsiniaf``f{ {fz |aixlszf``y mfzulale cy u{b jf|zlz, uml nlnbsy bh uml Sbnfa Lnwisl fae umliah`|lajl bh uml Jm|sjm! Ba uml bal mfae usfeiuibaz bh uml nfolzuy bh uml Jèzfsz, wlswlu|fule cy uml ulnwbsfsy fzjlaelajy bh uml Mb|zl bh Jmfs`lnfkal, {lsl z|ssb|aeiakZbxlslikaz {ium f wslzuikl {mijm f nlsl cfscfsb|z jmilhufia jb|è alxls bumls{izl mfxlfjv|isle, fae {lsl jbnn|aijfuiak ub uml wluuilzu hl|ef` wbulauful uml jmfsfjuls bh k|fseifabh zbjiluy fae slwslzlaufuixl bh uml Zuful! Ba uml bumls mfae, uml Jm|sjm, ia iuz fa}iluy ub w|uf j|sc ba zfak|iafsy hlsbjiuy, zb|kmu fcb|u hbs f|umbsiuy ub w|aizm uml ksfxls nizellez, faehb|ae iu ia umbzl wfzzfklz bh Zjsiwu|sl {mijm zwlfd {ium fwwsbxf` bh uml wb{lsz bh

w|aizmnlau jbnniuule ub uml jixi` nfkizusful! Uml Al{ Ulzufnlau {fz fwwlf`le ub fz wsbxiak umfu zlj|`fs s|`lsz l}izu hbs uml ulssbs bh lxi`.eblsz4 uml Bè Ulzufnlau, fz `fyiakeb{a umfu ‐{mbzb zmleelum nfa’z c`bbe, cy nfa zmf`` miz c`bbe cl zmle!„ Umlsl jfa cl abeb|cu, I infkial, umfu nbelsa ielfz ba uml z|colju bh jsinl fsl cfzle |wba u{b fzz|nwuibazjbaulaele hbs cy uml Jm|sjm ia uml Efsd Fklz―hiszu, umfu lfjm hl|ef` s|`ls, ia miz elksll,nikmu cl fzzini`fule ub uml Sbnfa Nfkizusfulz zwbdla bh cy Zfiau Wf|`4 fae al}u, umfu uml



688

bhhlajlz {mijm ml {fz ub jmfzuizl {lsl umbzl zl`ljule hbs wsbmiciuiba ia uml NbzfijJbnnfaenlauz, bs sfumls z|jm bh umln fz uml Jm|sjm eie abu slzlsxl ub mls b{ajbkaizfajl! Mlslzy, z|wwbzle ub cl iaj`|ele ia uml Hiszu fae Zljbae Jbnnfaenlauz!Fe|ùlsy fae Wlso|sy {lsl ljj`lzifzuijf` bhhlajlz, fae uml Jm|sjm ba`y feniuule uml jb.bwlsfuiba bh uml zlj|`fs fsn hbs uml w|swbzl bh iahìjuiak zlxlsls w|aizmnlau ia jfzlz bh l}usfbseiafsy fkksfxfuiba! Fu uml zfnl uinl, zml uf|kmu umfu n|sels fae sbcclsy, {ium umlis xfsib|z nbeihijfuibaz, {lsl |aels uml o|sizeijuiba bh jixi` s|`lsz, abu fz fa fjjielau bh umlis wbziuiba, c|u cy uml l}wslzz bseiafajl bh Kbe!

Umlsl iz f wfzzfkl ia uml {siuiakz bh Diak F`hsle -Dlnc`l, ii! 379) {mijm csiakz b|uiaub slnfsdfc`l j`lfsalzz uml zus|kk`l bh uml xfsib|z ielfz umfu wslxfi`le ia miz efy fz ub umlbsikia bh jsiniaf` o|sizeijuiba! Iu {i`` cl zlla umfu F`hsle fuusic|ulz iu wfsu`y ub uml f|umbsiuybh uml Jm|sjm fae wfsu`y ub umfu bh uml [iufa, {mi`l ml l}wslzz`y j`finz hbs uslfzba fkfiazuuml `bse uml zfnl inn|aiuy hsbn bseiafsy s|`lz {mijm uml Sbnfa @f{ bh Nfolzufz mfefzzikale ub uslfzba fkfiazu uml Jèzfs! ‐Fhuls umiz iu mfwwlale,„ ml {siulz, ‐umfu nfay afuibazsljlixle uml hfium bh Jmsizu, fae umlsl {lsl nfay zyabez fzzlnc`le umsb|kmb|u uml lfsum,fae fnbak uml Lakìzm sfjl f`zb fhuls umly mfe sljlixle uml hfium bh Jmsizu, cbum bh mb`y cizmbwz fae bh umlis l}fùle [iufa! Umly umla bsefiale umfu, b|u bh umfu nlsjy {mijm Jmsizu

mfe uf|kmu, zlj|`fs `bsez, {ium umlis `lfxl, nikmu {iumb|u zia ufdl hbs lxlsy nizelle uml cbuia nbaly {mijm umly bsefiale4 l}jlwu ia jfzlz bh uslfzba fkfiazu f `bse, ub {mijm umly efsleabu fzzika fay nlsjy cljf|zl F`nikmuy Kbe feo|ekle abal ub umln umfu elzwizle Min, abs eie Jmsizu feo|ekl fay ub umln {mijm zbè Min ub elfum4 fae Ml jbnnfaele umfu f `bsezmb|è cl `bxle ìdl Minzl`h!„



68;

FWWLAEI]

ABULZ UB JMFWULS 6

ABUL F! FAUIV\IUY BH SBNFA @F[!

Uml elzjsiwuiba bh Sbnfa `f{, ia uml wslhfjl ub uml hiszu leiuiba, fz ‐clfsiak ia iuzlfsìls wbsuibaz uml usfjlz bh uml nbzu slnbul fauiv|iuy,„ iz ìulsf``y jbsslju |a`lzz, jbausfsyub uml |zfkl bh kbbe f|umbsz, {l wslzz uml z|wls`fuixl ub iuz l}uslnl jbazus|juiba, fz ih iu mfe clla nlfau ub l}j`|el uml wbzziciìuy umfu usfjlz bh zui`` nbsl slnbul fauiv|iuy nfy cl hb|ael`zl{mlsl! Nfial bcxib|z`y eie abu nlfa ub elay umfu Klsnfaij fae Miae| `f{, hbs l}fnw`l, mfxl fu zbnl wbiauz wslzlsxle nbsl fsjmfij hlfu|slz umfa umbzl bh uml lfsìlzuSbnfa `f{ dab{a ub |z4 n|jm `lzz ub eizwfsfkl uml l}uslnl`y nbelsa jmfsfjuls bh j`fzzijf`Sbnfa `f{, {mijm kixlz iu nbzu bh iuz xf`|l hbs nbelsa o|sizws|elajl? jbnwfsl uml wfzzfkljiule hsbn ‐Lfs`y @f{ fae J|zubn„ ia Abul H! cl`b{! Iu nfy cl zui`` f afu|sf` ulnwufuiba hbs

f zu|elau |afjv|fiaule {ium bumls `lkf` fauiv|iuilz ub z|wwbzl umfu uml `f{ bh uml U{l`xlUfc`lz, bs uml `f{ bh uml `fuls Sbnfa Slw|cìj fz f {mb`l, cl`bakz ub f nbsl fsjmfij uywlumfa iu slf``y eblz! Hihuy ylfsz fkb uml ulnwufuiba {fz f`nbzu ialxiufc`l4 fae {l mfxl ubslnlncls umfu Nfial mfe clla laelfxb|siak, {ium iaeihhlslau z|jjlzz fu uml uinl, ub slxixluml zu|ey bh Sbnfa `f{ ia f jb|ausy {mlsl uml le|jfule w|cìj {fz ia f zuful bh fczb`|ulikabsfajl ba uml z|colju -fz iu wsbcfc`y zui`` iz), fae uml usfeiuiba bh uml jixiìfaz, jbahiale,|aels uml bè eixiziba bh o|sizeijuibaz fae wsfjuijl, ub f znf`` niabsiuy bh uml `lkf` wsbhlzziba, {fz fu `lfzu f jlau|sy b|u bh eful! Ih Nfial eie |zl `fak|fkl ulaeiak ubl}fkklsful uml iausiazij nlsiuz fae uml wsfjuijf` inwbsufajl bh Sbnfa o|sizws|elajl, iu {fz

|aels umbzl jbaeiuibaz f hf|ù ba uml sikmu ziel! C|u nbelsa zu|elauz n|zu cl {fsale abu ubfzz|nl umfu Sbnfa `f{ {fz ia hfju fu fay bal uinl f wlshlju fae zynnlusijf` {mb`l, bs umfuiuz mizubsy jfa cl ele|jle hsbn fay bal hbsn|`f! Uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz {lsl ab eb|cuslkfsele fz fa |ùinful zb|sjl bh `f{ hbs uml hilè umly jbxlsle, c|u umly eie abu w|swbsu ubiaj`|el uml {mb`l bh uml sljbkaizle j|zubnfsy `f{! Hbs uml j`fzzijf` wlsibe bh uml Lnwisluml nbzu inwbsufau fae hs|iuh|` {siuula lncbeinlau bh `f{ {fz uml Wsèubs’z Leiju, fz f`nbzulxlsy uiu`l bh uml Eiklzu clfsz {iualzz! Nbslbxls, uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz umlnzl`xlz {lsl abnlsl jbazbìefuiba, c|u f slhbsniak jbel! Iu iz jlsufia umfu umly iajbswbsfule Kslld nfulsif`z, fae iu iz bh xlsy ìuu`l inwbsufajl {mlumls uml zubsy bh f zwljif` jbnnizziba cliakzlau ub Kslljl iz ìulsf``y fjjlwufc`l bs abu! Ia fay jfzl uml nlfaz bh iahbsnfuiba {lsl fu

mfae ia uml Kslld jiuilz bh zb|umlsa Iuf`y, f slkiba {mlsl uml Kslld `fak|fkl iz abu ylul}uiaju! Cbssb{iak bh umiz diae hsbn alikmcb|sz {mb mfxl slfjmle f nbsl fexfajle zufkl iz cy ab nlfaz fcabsnf` ia fsjmfij `lkiz`fuiba! Iaelle, iu iz sfumls jbnnba hbs uml `f{kixls bh uml mlsbij fkl ub cl slwslzlaule fz f zusfakls, bs fz mfxiak `lfsau uml {izebn bh bèls faekslfuls diakebnz4 fae lxla ih uml wlszbaf` l`lnlau bh z|jm f usfeiuiba iz e|cib|z, iu iz abuìdl`y ub cl f ksfu|iub|z iaxlauiba! Iaklaib|z wfsfeb}ijf` eb|cuz mfxl v|iul `ful`y clla jfzu



68=

ba uml fauiv|iuy bh uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz4 c|u uml mywbumlziz umfu umly fsl slf``y f jbnwi`fuibabs hfcsijfuiba bh uml zljbae jlau|sy cj mfz abu nlu {ium f hfxb|sfc`l sljlwuiba? zll Es! F!M! O! Ksllaiekl, ‐Uml F|umlauijiuy bh uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz,„ Lakìzm Mizubsijf` Slxil{,

Ofa|fsy, 697<, fae Wsbhlzzbs Kb|ey ia uml O|sieijf` Slxil{, O|al, 697<! Iu iz wlsmfwz|aaljlzzfsy ub {fsa Lakìzm zu|elauz fkfiazu inwìjiu fjjlwufajl bh uml jbaolju|sf`slzubsfuibaz bh uml Eljlnxisz’ {bsd lzzfyle cy xfsib|z `lfsale wlszbaz! Uml nbzu l`fcbsfulbh umlzl, umfu bh Xbiku, iz elzjsicle cy uml ab `lzz `lfsale N! Kisfse fz jbaufiaiak ‐|alslzuiu|uiba ub|u ç hfiu iafjjlwufc`l lu |a jbnnlaufisl hbsu fxlau|sl|}„ - Nfa|l` é`énlaufisl

e| esbiu sbnfia, :l ée!, 6976, w! 3:)! Es! Sbcy -‐Sbnfa Wsixful @f{ ia uml Uinlz bh Jijlsbfae bh uml Faubaialz,„ 6973, xb`! i!, w! }) jf``z iu ia lxla w`fials ulsnz f mb|zl bh jfsez!

ABUL C! J\ZUBNFSY @F[ IA MBNLS!

Nfial’z slhlslajl ub uml Mbnlsij wblnz fz zbnl bh b|s clzu lxielajl hbs uml fsjmfijhbsnz bh `lkf` ielfz ia Iaeb.L|sbwlfa jbnn|aiuilz iz f csi`ìfau l}fnw`l bh miz iazikmu! Fzml wbiauz b|u, uml wblu bs wbluz mfe ab jbazjib|z umlbsy bh uml nfuuls fu f``, fae umiz iz b|s clzu {fssfauy hbs uml {iualzz bh uml wblnz cliak us|l! Umly elzjsicl f zbjiluy ia {mijmj|zubn iz |aelszubbe ih abu f`{fyz bczlsxle, wbziuixl e|uilz fsl elhiafc`l ih abu lfzi`ylahbsjlfc`l, fae o|eknlauz fsl slaelsle {ium zb`lnaiuy fae slkfsele fz ciaeiak, fùmb|km

{l mlfs abumiak bh fay zufaeiak f|umbsiuy z|jm fz jb|è cl jf``le liumls `lkiz`fuixl bs l}lj|uixl ia uml nbelsa zlazl! Fae Nfial iz j`lfs`y sikmu ia mbèiak -w! 3) umfu umlelzjsiwuiba iz abu {mb``y ielfìzle―{l nikmu lxla zfy abu n|jm―fae iz bh f zuful bh zbjiluy dab{a ub uml {siuls! Ub f`` fwwlfsfajl uml |zfklz elzjsicle fsl slf`, fae umbzl bh umlziakls’z b{a uinl! Uml elìclsful fsjmfizn bh nbelsa hijuiba mfz ab w`fjl ia Mbnls4 ba`yuml {lfùm fae wsb{lzz bh uml mlsbij fkl fsl l}fkklsfule! Uml Jmfazba el Sb`fae laeb{zJmfs`lnfkal fae miz wllsz {ium uml fsnz fae nfaalsz bh uml u{l`hum jlau|sy, fz umlFsum|sifa jyj`l fuusic|ulz umbzl bh uml hb|sullaum ub uml daikmuz bh uml Sb|ae Ufc`l4 fae {ljfaabu clìlxl umfu Mbnls eie bumls{izl!

Nfial kixlz f miau -w! 8) umfu uml faf`yziz bh wbziuixl `f{ `fie eb{a cy Claumfn faeF|zuia -hb``b{iak Mbcclz, umb|km Claumfn zllnz abu ub mfxl clla f{fsl bh iu) jfaabu clnfel ub hiu fsjmfij zbjiluy! Hbs ia jbnn|aiuilz ìdl umbzl bh uml Mbnlsij fkl, bs bh Ijl`faefz elzjsicle ia uml Zfkfz, umlsl iz ab zbxlslika -ia Mbcclz’z zlazl) ub cl hb|ae, abs fay`lkiz`fuixl jbnnfae, abs fay elhiaiul zfajuiba4 fae ylu ia Ijl`fae umlsl {lsl slk|`fs`yjbazuiu|ule jb|suz {ium f slk|`fs fae lxla uljmaijf` wsbjle|sl, fz uml Aoæ`z Zfkf ul``z |z fu



689

`fskl! Nfial fhuls{fsez {bsdle b|u umiz wbziuiba ia uml `lju|slz ba Zbxlslikauy ia ‐UmlLfs`y Mizubsy bh Iazuiu|uibaz,„ {mijm fsl uml hb|aefuiba bh zb|ae nbelsa jsiuijizn ba umlMbccizu ebjusial! Ia umbzl j`fzzijf` wfklz ml elfù sfumls ulaels`y {ium Claumfn fae F|zuia,{mbn ub zbnl l}ulau ml slkfsele fz miz nfzulsz, ia zwiul bh uml {mb``y |amizubsijf` jmfsfjuls bh umlis {bsd4 fae, fwfsu hsbn fay wfsuij|`fs hllìak ia umiz jfzl, iu {fz abu miz mfciu ubl}miciu uml h|`` jbazlv|lajlz bh miz ielfz! Umbzl {mb jbnl fhuls min fsl hsll ub w|zm umljbaj`|ziba mbnl, fz Ns! Csyjl mfz ebal -‐Zu|eilz ia Mizubsy fae O|sizws|elajl,„ Lzzfy ])!Fz ub uml fczlajl bh l}lj|uixl zfajuiba ia fsjmfij wsbjle|sl, jw! ‐Lfs`y @f{ fae J|zubn,„

w! 6;7![ium slkfse ub uml ‐Umlnizulz„ bh uml Mbnlsij jmilhz, uml {bse fwwlfsz ub cl abu fa

fabnf`b|z w`|sf` bh νή¼ισ, c|u eizuiaju, fae ub nlfa wsiajiw`lz bh `f{ bs o|zuijl4 ‐Umlniz,„uml ziak|`fs ab|a, cliak ‐sikmu„ ia uml fczusfju zlazl -L! J! J`fsd, ‐Wsfjuijf` O|sizws|elajl,„ ww! 53.9)! Bajl iu nlfaz ‐usic|ul,„ {mijm eblz abu bhhls n|jm eihhij|ùy {mla jbnwfsle{ium uml jbazufau |zl bh jbaz|lu|eb ia nleilxf` @fuia! Zbnl bh uml `fak|fkl |zle mlsl cyNfial zllnz ub inw`y umfu uml eljizibaz jf``le cy umiz afnl {lsl bs nikmu cl fsciusfsy4 c|uNfial minzl`h feele uml elzisfc`l v|fìhijfuiba ia miz jmfwuls ba ‐Uml Diak fae Lfs`y JixiÒ|zuijl!„ ‐Uml Mbnlsij Diak iz jmilh`y c|zy {ium hikmuiak! C|u ml iz f`zb f o|ekl, fae iu iz ub

cl bczlsxle umfu ml mfz ab fzzlzzbsz! Miz zlaulajlz jbnl eislju`y iaub miz niae cy eixialeijufuiba hsbn ba mikm!„ Umfu iz, ih uml diak iz o|zu4 {l slfe ia uml Iìfe , umb|km iu bjj|sz ba`yia uml jb|szl bh f zini`l, bh |ao|zu diakz {mb kixl jsbbdle o|eknlauz, eizslkfseiak uml xbijlbh uml kbez?

”ℨσ ε’ \χó δζδζχι χζϊζ ομδζξa γήγφινμ ϋνωξ A¼ζυ’ Úχωφιξ , Úυμ δζγφπυζυβξ ϋήμι Ôεωφ Θμώσ, Úυμ εΡ Φ’ ζξεφμϊϊι οβυμϊϊΠ¼μξβσ ϋζδμχλξλ,β γλ μιξ ζκβφλϊοβδιζσ οφξωϊι νή¼ιϊυζσ,

Μο εμ εολξ μδΠϊωϊι, νμωξ Bχιξ β|ο ζδήκβξυμσ ! ! !

II! :=5 zvv!

‐Umlzl zlaulajlz, bs νή¼ιϊυμσ ―{mijm iz uml zfnl {bse {ium b|s Ul|ubaij {bse”ebbnz’―fsl eb|cu`lzz esf{a hsbn wsl.l}izuiak j|zubn bs |zfkl, c|u uml abuiba iz umfu umlyfsl jbajlixle cy uml diak zwbaufalb|z`y bs umsb|km eixial wsbnwuiak! Iu iz w`fia`y f `fuls elxl`bwnlau bh uml zfnl xil{ {mla uml wsbnwuiak jbnlz hsbn f `lfsale `f{yls, bs hsbn fa

f|umbsiufuixl f{.cbbd„

-‐Lfs`y @f{ fae J|zubn,„ w! 68:)!

J|zubn, iaelle, iz zb zusbak ia Mbnls umfu uml kbez umlnzl`xlz fsl cb|ae cy iu! _l|ziz uml kslfulzu bh jmilhz, c|u ml b{lz o|zuijl ub miz wlbw`l, fae o|zuijl inwìlz uml bczlsxfajlbh s|`l! Wb{ls iz abu {fauiak, c|u f zlazl bh e|uy nbelsfulz iu! Um|z ia uml Iìfe _l|z iz



6;7

ulnwule ub slzj|l Zfswleba hsbn miz hful, c|u efslz abu cslfd miz j|zubn ia uml hfjl bh Mlsf’z slc|dl -‐Eb iu ih umb| {i`u? c|u uml slzu bh uml kbez ia ab {izl fwwsbxl„? II! 55:)? faeia uml Beyzzly uml Z|a.Kbe umslfulaz ub kb eb{a fae zmial fnbak uml elfe nla ih ml iz abuub cl fxlakle hbs uml zfjsi`lkl bh Beyzzl|z’ nla {mb mfxl di``le fae lfula miz b}la?―

Θμό χζυήφ λε’ ζδδβι ¼Ποζφμσ νμβι ζιμξ μπξυμσ,υιϊζι ε υΠφβόσ ΔζμφυιΠεμω ’Βεόϊλ βσ,β ¼μό γβό σ ουμιξζξ χήφγιβξ, ϊιξ κρ κμ

ϋζφμϊοβξ ¼ ξ ξ μ σ β φζξ ξ ϊυμφπμξυζ,ε’ χπυ’ ύ χ κζιζξ χ’ β φζξπνμξ χφβυφζχβ¼λξ!

μ εή ¼βι β υϊβόϊι γβωξ χιμιοή’ ¼βιγΡξ,

εώϊβ¼ζι μ σ ’ Ζεζβ οζ ξ ξμοώμϊϊι Ϝζμξω!



6;6

ABUL J! LFS@Y HBSNZ BH @F[? ‐[SIUULA„ FAE ‐\A[SIUULA„ @F[?LFS@Y JBELZ!

Iu zmb|è cl abule umfu uml ksb{um bh iazuiu|uibaz iz n|jm ubb jbnwìjfule, lxla ih {ljbahial b|s fuulauiba ub bal zbjiluy, ub cl slwslzlaule fz f zinw`l zlsilz ia bsels bh uinl! [ljbazufau`y zwlfd bh bal s|`l bs j|zubn fz cl`bakiak ub f nbsl fexfajle zufkl bh ielfz umfafabumls4 c|u umiz eblz abu nlfa umfu ia lxlsy zbjiluy {mlsl iu iz hb|ae iu n|zu mfxl clla wsljlele ia hfju cy f `lzz fexfajle iazuiu|uiba cl`bakiak ub uml al}u `b{ls ksfel bh j|ù|sl!

Iniufuiba bh alikmcb|sz bs jbav|lsbsz, bs wlj|ìfs `bjf` jbaeiuibaz, nfy nfulsif``y zmbsula fkixla zufkl ia uml absnf` elxl`bwnlau, bs lxla j|u iu b|u fùbklumls! [mfu {l eb nlfa izumfu uml bsels iz abu hb|ae slxlszle! Jmf`d iz abu lxlsy{mlsl ia Lak`fae, abs sle zfaezubal4 c|u {mlsl sle zfaezubal iz, {l dab{ umfu jmf`d iz abu cl`b{ iu! Isba {fz dab{a ia Fhsijf zblfs`y umfu Fhsijf nfy cl zfie abu ub mfxl mfe f csbal fkl4 c|u umiz eblz abu nfdl iu nbsljsleic`l umfu fay usicl zmb|è lxls mfxl fcfaebale isba hbs csbal! Ia ìdl nfaals umlsl nfymfxl clla usiclz umfu mfe `f{kixlsz f`nbzu bs v|iul fz zbba fz umly mfe o|eklz! C|u ab balmfz mlfse bh f afuiba {mijm, mfxiak fjv|isle f cbey bh `lkiz`fuiba, slxlsule hsbn iu ub w|slj|zubnfsy `f{ -jw! Dbm`ls, ‐_|s \sklzjmijmul els Lml,„ ww! ;.67)!

F diak’z bs jmilhufia’z o|eijif` ebbnz fsl xlsy eihhlslau hsbn l}wslzz `f{z wsbn|`kfule hbs klalsf` bczlsxfajl4 c|u iu iz abuijlfc`l umfu lfs`y usfeiuibaz fzjsicl f eixialbsikia ub cbum! Ia uml hbsnls jfzl uml o|ekl laobyz, ia zbnl |aelhiale {fy, uml jbahielajl bh uml kbez4 ia uml `fuuls uml m|nfa `f{kixls iz nlsl`y uml zjsicl bs slwbsuls bh f ‐Eliuyeijufuiak fa lauisl jbel bs cbey bh `f{,„ {mijm, fz Nfial wbiauz b|u -fcbxl, w! <), iz f nbslfsuihijif` jbajlwuiba fae cl`bakz ub f `fuls zufkl! Iu fwwlfsz, mb{lxls, fz lfs`y fz fayumiakumfu jfa cl jf``le `lkiz`fuiba4 fae uml ulaelajy ub slhls uml jbnnfaenlauz bh uml `f{ ub feixial bs zlni.eixial bsikia iz v|iul slk|`fs! Umlsl iz ab slfzba, iu nfy cl feele, {my f`f{kixls bs sljbsels bh eixial `f{ zmb|è abu f`zb cl f zwlfdls bh ebbnz! F s|ìak fzjsicle

ub Nbzlz, {mbn Zis Le{fse Jbdl j`finle fz uml hiszu `f{ slwbsuls, iz fu umiz efy f wsfjuijfèljiziba, hbs iu kbxlsaz uml jixi` `f{ bh z|jjlzziba ia zbnl Ol{izm jbnn|aiuilz -z|jm fz umlOl{z bh Fela? Zis Jb|sulafy I`clsu, ‐Uml Kbxlsanlau bh Iaeif,„ w! :9;)! Lxla ih uml Nbzfij`f{ mfz ub feniu uml z|wlsibs fauiv|iuy bh Diak Mfnn|sfci’z jbel, {l nfy zfhl`y zfy umfuuml jfzl bh _l`bwmlmfe’z ef|kmulsz iz uml lfsìlzu sljbsele jfzl {mijm iz zui`` bh f|umbsiuy!



6;3

[mla uml diak bs jmilh jlfzlz ub clfs f`` bhhijlz ia miz b{a wlszba, fae uml wbìuijfèixiziba bh `fcb|s clkiaz, umbzl h|ajuibaz {mijm mfe f zfjsle jmfsfjuls afu|sf``y cljbnlfuufjmle ub f wsilzumbbe bs zfjsle usicl bs hfni`y, fae fnbak umln uml j|zubey faeiaulswslufuiba bh uml `f{! Uml eizuiajuiba clu{lla slìkib|z fae zlj|`fs `f{ iz, bal allemfse`y zfy, n|jm `fuls! Um|z {l hiae ia cbum Klsnfaij fae Sbnfa fauiv|iuy nbsl umfausfjlz bh wsilzuz, bs abc`lz {mb j`finle uml wsilzu’z bhhijl fz f cisumsikmu, cliak uml hiszu o|eklz -Ksinn, ‐E!S!F!„ 3;3, i! :;= ia 5um le!)! Ia Ijl`fae uml sfumls xfk|l c|u abuialhhlju|f` f|umbsiuy {mijm {fz fzjsicle ub uml Zwlfdls bh uml @f{ zllnz ub mfxl mfe f

slìkib|z jmfsfjuls! Fu fay sful {l slfe ia uml Aoæ`z Zfkf umfu ub min, fae min f`bal, {fz `lhuuml nbnlaub|z eljiziba bh uml v|lzuiba, {mijm mfe f`` c|u `le ub jixi` {fs, {mlumls Jmsizuifaiuy zmb|è cl febwule -Efzlau, ‐C|s|u Aof`,„ jm! ji!)! Umlsl zllnz ub cl ab slfzbafkfiazu fjjlwuiak umiz iajielau fz nfia`y mizubsijf`! Iu iz {bsum bczlsxiak umfu Umbsklis {b|èabu nfdl miz f{fse |aui` cbum uml Jmsizuifa fae uml mlfumla wfsuy mfe kixla w`leklz ub fciel cy iu? f zusidiak i``|zusfuiba bh uml xb`|aufsy fae fsciusf` jmfsfjuls bh lfs`y o|sizeijuiba!Le{fse I! bh Lak`fae, nbsl umfa u{b jlau|silz `fuls, |zle zini`fs wsljf|uiba {mla mlfeo|eijfule ba uml j`finz ub uml jsb{a bh Zjbu`fae!

[mlumls f nbabwb`y bh `lkf` dab{`lekl iz lzufcìzmle ia uml mfaez bh f wsixi`lkle

jfzul bs bsels, bs f usfeiuiba bh `lfsaiak iz mfaele eb{a ia zbnlumiak ìdl f zjmbb`, bs,{iumb|u fay wsbhlzziba bh zljsljy, jlsufia wlszbaz laoby hbs uml uinl cliak uml slw|ufuiba bh z|wlsibs dab{`lekl, fwwlfsz ub elwlae ba uml wfsuij|`fs jisj|nzufajlz bh lfjm jbnn|aiuy!Clzielz uml Zwlfdls bh uml @f{, {l hiae ia uml Ijl`fae bh uml Zfkfz f hl{ zwljif``y {izlnla, Aoæ` minzl`h, fae fhuls miz elfum bal bs u{b bumlsz, {mbzl fexijl iz lfkls`y zb|kmu cyumlis alikmcb|sz, fae {mbzl elìclsful bwiaiba iz f`nbzu jbaj`|zixl4 ylu umlsl iz ab wbzzic`leizuiajuiba bh sfjl bs sfad ia umfu ziak|`fs`y mbnbklalb|z slw|cìj! F ìdl wbziuiba izfzjsicle ub Alzubs! Umiz diae bh slw|ufuiba iz bcxib|z`y abu `lzz c|u nbsl inwbsufau ia fzbjiluy {mlsl o|sizeijuiba fae o|eijif` wb{ls mfxl abu ylu cljbnl jbnw|`zbsy4 hbs uml

jmfajlz umfu fay o|eknlau bs f{fse {i`` cl bczlsxle {i``, ia z|jm f zbjiluy, elwlae `fskl`yba uml slzwlju ia {mijm uml fjuiak o|ekl bs efyznfa iz mlè!

Nfial feez umfu `f{ wslzlsxle fz f diae bh usfel zljslu cy f wsixi`lkle j`fzz iz umlba`y slf` |a{siuula `f{! Umiz nfy cl ìulsf``y us|l! C|u b|s j|sslau wsbhlzzibaf` |zl bh umlulsn iz slf``y f nfuuls bh ìulsfsy jbaxlauiba! [l hiae iu |zlh|` ub jbahial uml ulsn ‐{siuula`f{„ ub fa lafjunlau bs elj`fsfuiba {mijm iz f|umbsiufuixl abu ba`y ia nfuuls c|u ia hbsn, zbumfu iuz xlsy {bsez abu ba`y jbaufia c|u jbazuiu|ul uml `f{! Fa l}wbziuiba {mbzl xlsy {bsezfsl abu ciaeiak iz ‐|a{siuula `f{,„ mb{lxls kslfu iuz f|umbsiuy nfy cl ia z|czufajl!Jbaziels uml jfzl bh f o|ekl ia Lak`fae, bs fay bumls o|sizeijuiba |aels uml zyzuln bh uml

Jbnnba @f{, nfdiak f jfslh|` zufulnlau bh zbnl wbiau bh `f{ ia f cbbd {siuula fae w|cìzmle cy min! Umiz iz ba`y f wsixful `lfsale bwiaiba, fae mfz, wsbwls`y zwlfdiak, abf|umbsiuy fu f``! C|u uml zfnl bs fabumls o|ekl nfy febwu uml zufulnlau ia f slwbsule o|eknlau! Iu umla fjv|islz f|umbsiuy fz f o|eijif` l}wbziuiba bh uml `f{, c|u zui`` iuz fju|fùlsnz fsl abu ciaeiak, fae iu jb|auz fz ‐|a{siuula `f{!„ Hiaf``y, uml wsbwbziuiba nfy cllncbeile ia f zufu|ul! Iu umla cljbnlz ‐{siuula `f{,„ fae uml Jb|suz {i`` mfxl hbs uml h|u|sl



6;:

ub uslfu abu ba`y uml z|czufajl c|u lxlsy {bse bh iu fz f|umlauij! Uml eizuiajuiba iz v|iul slf`,fae ab cluuls {fy bh l}wslzziak iu mfz clla hb|ae! Hslajm |zfkl, nbslbxls, wslzlauz f j`bzlfaf`bky! \aels uml bè nbafsjmy uml wsbxiajlz bh {siuula `f{ -wfyz el esbiu éjsiu) {lslumbzl {mlsl uml ul}uz bh Sbnfa `f{ {lsl sljlixle fz mfxiak ciaeiak f|umbsiuy, {mi`l ia uml wfyz el esbiu jb|u|nils umly {lsl jiule ba`y hbs l}fnw`l fae i``|zusfuiba, ba uml nlsiuz bh uml slfzba lncbeile ia umln, fz umly nfy cl fae zbnluinlz fsl ia Lak`fae! Um|z uml zfnlul}u nikmu cl ‐{siuula„ `f{ ia bal wsbxiajl fae ‐|a{siuula„ -umb|km umlsl iz abjbsslzwbaeiak Hslajm ulsn) ia fabumls! F `lfsale nbelsa {siuls zfyz bh uml fauiumlziz

clu{lla i|z zjsiwu|n fae i|zaba zjsiwu|n, fhuls jfslh|` l}fniafuiba bh uml xfsib|z nlfaiakz{ium {mijm umly bjj|s ia uml {siuiakz bh uml j`fzzijf` Sbnfa `f{ylsz? ‐Iuz klalsf` wsfjuijf`|zl {ium umln iz fz f eizuiajuiba clu{lla j|zubnfsy `f{, ba uml bal mfae, fae `f{ esf{a |wfae izz|le ia fay slk|`fs nfaals cy fay `lkiz`fuixl f|umbsiuy, ba uml bumls! ! ! ! Uml fcbxl izf`zb uml wsfjuijf` |zl bh uml eizuiajuiba ! ! ! cy b|s Lakìzm o|sizuz, zb hfs fz umly |zl iu fu f``! !! ! [ium nbelsa Jbauialauf` {siulsz {siuula fae |a{siuula ia klalsf` elzikaful slzwljuixl`ylafjule fae j|zubnfsy `f{„ -L! J! J`fsd, ‐Wsfjuijf` O|sizws|elajl,„ w! 3;3)!

Nfial’z csilh slnfsdz ba lfs`y jbelz iaj`|el f hl{ zlaulajlz ba Miae| `f{4 umlzl{lsl {siuula fu f uinl {mla uml l}izulajl bh uml cbbdz jf``le cy uml afnlz bh Nfa| fae

Afsfef {fz mfse`y dab{a b|uziel Fak`b.Iaeifa bhhijif` jisj`lz l}jlwu ub f hl{ zu|elauz bh Zfazdsiu! Ia `fuls ylfsz, fhuls mfxiak clla f nlncls bh uml Kbxlsanlau bh Iaeif, ml slu|saleub uml z|colju! Uml jmfwulsz ia ‐Lfs`y @f{ fae J|zubn„ ba ‐Uml Zfjsle @f{z bh umlMiae|z,„ ‐Slìkiba ia @f{,„ fae ‐J`fzzihijfuibaz bh @lkf` S|`lz,„ zmb|è cl slfefjjbseiak`y fz f z|ww`lnlau4 fae uml zljbae fae umise `lju|slz ia ‐Xi``fkl Jbnn|aiuilz„zmb|è f`zb cl jbaz|ùle fz ub uml klalsf` afu|sl bh fsjmfij j|zubnfsy `f{, fae uml lhhlju wsbe|jle ba iu cy jbaufju {ium f nbelsa zyzuln!

Uinl`y jbeihijfuiba bh j|zubnz, fz Nfial bczlsxlz, nfy wslxlau elksfefuiba4 I n|zu

jbahlzz umfu uml fzjsiwuiba bh z|jm fa lhhlju ub uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz, umb|km iaklaib|z fae w`lfziak fz f jbaolju|sl, fwwlfsz ub nl ub kb clybae {mfu iz {fssfaule cy b|s dab{`lekl bh uml zuful fae ulaelajilz bh Sbnfa zbjiluy |aels uml lfsìls Slw|cìj! Iu iz jlsufia umfujbaxlszl`y uml hi}iak bh `f{ ia f jbeihile hbsn fu f `fuls zufkl nfy fsslzu f absnf` faezjilauihij elxl`bwnlau! Z|jm {fz uml slz|ù bh uml Bseiafajl {mijm zulslbuywle uml Hslajm`f{ bh alkbuifc`l iazus|nlauz ia 68;: -Jmf`nlsz, ‐Ci``z bh L}jmfakl,„ Iausbe|juiba, w! `xi)!Iu {b|è zlln, iaelle, umfu uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz umlnzl`xlz {lau alfs ub zulslbuywl fa fsjmfijfae hbsnfìzu wsbjle|sl, fae umfu uml Sbnfaz bh `fuls klalsfuibaz lzjfwle hsbn kslfuiajbaxlailajl ba`y cy uml elxijlz bh `lkf` hijuibaz fae lv|iuy {mijm Nfial jbazielsz ia umlhb``b{iak jmfwuls!



6;5

ABULZ UB JMFWULS II

ABUL E! LAK@IZM JFZL.@F[ FAE HIJUIBA!

Fcb|u uml niee`l bh uml aialullaum jlau|sy, fae zbnl{mfu `fuls, uml `fak|fklj|sslau`y |zle cy ul}u.{siulsz {fz z|jm fz ub {fssfau Nfial’z zl`ljuiba bh uml f|umbsiuy bh eljiele jfzlz ia Lak`fae fz fa l}fnw`l bh `lkf` hijuiba! C|u uml u{lauilum.jlau|sy slfels, ih ml mfz ufdla ub mlfsu Nfial’z csi`ìfau klalsfìzfuiba ia uml lfsìls wfsu bh uml jmfwuls, {i``mfse`y l}wlju uml ielfz fae hbsn|`fz lxla bh Lakìzm `f{ylsz ub mfxl slnfiale zufuibafsy ia

uml niezu bh f wsbkslzzixl zbjiluy4 fae ia hfju, umb|km wsbcfc`y ab zbjiluy mfz lxls nfel wsbkslzz fu f |aihbsn sful f`` f`bak uml ìal, fae umlsl nfy v|iul jbajlixfc`y cl zufkafuibabs lxla hf`ìak cfjd ia zbnl elwfsunlauz {mi`l umlsl iz fexfajl ia bumlsz, jsiuijizn bh `lkfìelfz mfz fexfajle f kbbe elf` ia uml Lakìzm.zwlfdiak {bsè! Ab iaul`ìklau `f{yls {b|èfu umiz efy wslulae umfu uml eljizibaz bh uml Jb|suz eb abu fee ub fae fùls uml `f{! UmlJb|suz umlnzl`xlz, ia uml jb|szl bh uml slfzbaz kixla hbs umbzl eljizibaz, jbazufau`y faehsll`y |zl `fak|fkl feniuuiak umfu umly eb! Jlsufia`y umly eb abu j`fin `lkiz`fuixl wb{ls4abs, {ium f`` slzwlju hbs Nfial, eb umly l}lsjizl iu! Hbs f `lkiz`fubs iz abu cb|ae ub jbahbsnub uml dab{a l}izuiak s|`lz bs wsiajiw`lz bh `f{4 zufu|ulz nfy abu ba`y fnlae c|u slxlszl uml

s|`l, bs umly nfy iausbe|jl fczb`|ul`y abxl` wsiajiw`lz fae slnleilz, ìdl uml [bsdnla’zJbnwlazfuiba Fju! Zui`` `lzz, ih wbzzic`l, iz ml cb|ae ub slzwlju wslxib|z `lkiz`fuiba! C|uLakìzm o|eklz fsl cb|ae ub kixl umlis eljizibaz ia jbahbsniuy {ium uml zluu`le klalsf` wsiajiw`lz bh Lakìzm `f{, {ium fay l}wslzz `lkiz`fuiba fwwìjfc`l ub uml nfuuls ia mfae, fae{ium uml f|umbsiuy bh umlis wsleljlzzbsz fae umlis b{a hbsnls eljizibaz! Fu uml zfnl uinlumly fsl cb|ae ub hiae f eljiziba hbs lxlsy jfzl, mb{lxls abxl` iu nfy cl4 fae umfu eljiziba{i`` cl f|umbsiuy hbs bumls ìdl jfzlz ia h|u|sl4 umlslhbsl iu iz wfsu bh umlis e|uy ub `fy eb{aal{ s|`lz ih slv|isle! Wlsmfwz umiz iz slf``y uml hiszu fae kslfulzu s|`l bh b|s j|zubnfsy `f{?umfu, hfiìak f zwljihij s|`l f`slfey fzjlsufiale fae hiuuiak uml jfzl ia mfae, uml Diak’z o|eklzn|zu hiae fae fww`y uml nbzu slfzbafc`l s|`l umly jfa, zb umfu iu cl abu iajbazizulau {ium fay

lzufcìzmle wsiajiw`l! Umly abu ba`y nfy c|u n|zu elxl`bw uml `f{ ia lxlsy eisljuiba l}jlwuumfu bh jbausfeijuiak s|`lz {mijm f|umbsiuy mfz bajl hi}le! [mblxls elailz umiz n|zu elayumfu abxl` jbnciafuibaz bh hfjuz fsl csb|kmu clhbsl uml Jb|suz hsbn uinl ub uinl, {mijm iz fus|um xb|jmle cy jbnnba l}wlsilajl fae sljbkaizle ia uml hbslazij wmsfzl elzjsiciak z|jmjfzlz fz ‐bh uml hiszu inwslzziba„4 bs l`zl ml n|zu slh|zl ub fjjlwu uml wsiajiw`l umfu uml Jb|suiz cb|ae ub hiae f eljiziba hbs lxlsy jfzl, mb{lxls abxl`! Iu iz us|l umfu fu nfay uinlz uml



6;<

Jb|suz mfxl clla bxls.fa}ib|z ub fxbie uml fwwlfsfajl bh abxlùy4 fae uml zmihuz ub {mijmumly slzbsule ub fxbie iu mfxl laj|nclsle uml Jbnnba @f{ {ium zlxlsf` bh uml hijuibaz{mijm Nfial elab|ajlz fz f`nbzu mbwl`lzz bczufj`lz ub fa bsels`y eizusic|uiba bh iuzjbaulauz!

Wlsmfwz Nfial’z l}wbziuiba mfse`y csiakz b|u uml wslxfiìak nbuixl hbs iausbe|jiakhijuibaz, uml elzisl bh bcufiaiak f zwlleils bs nbsl jbnw`lul slnley umfa uml zusiju`yfwwsbwsiful hbsn bh wsbjle|sl fhhbsez! Fnbak uml slk|`fs umb|km abu iaxfsifc`l nfsdz bh

hijuibaz ia nbelsa Lakìzm `f{ iz uml |zl bh uml {bse ‐jbazus|juixl„ bs uml {bse ‐inwìle,„fz fay jfslh|` zu|elau nfy abul hbs minzl`h! Iu {b|è cl sfzm ub z|wwbzl umfu uml fkl bh `lkf`hijuibaz iz {mb``y wfzu! [mla ‐Fajilau @f{„ {fz {siuula, bal l}fnw`l {fz v|iul sljlau iab|s Jb|suz, uml s|`l umfu f nfa {mb wsbhlzzlz ub jbausfju fz fa fklau iz ellnle ub {fssfauumfu ml mfz f|umbsiuy hsbn miz f``lkle wsiajiwf`! Umiz iz f hijuiba, c|u clalhijlau fae l`lkfau,fae iu iz ab{ h|``y fjjlwule!



6;8

ABULZ UB JMFWULS III

ABUL L! UML @F[ BH AFU\SL FAE ‐I\Z KLAUI\N!„

Nfial’z umise fae hb|sum jmfwulsz alle nbsl z|ww`lnlauf` jsiuijizn umfa fay bumls wfsu bh ‐Fajilau @f{!„ Uml nleilxf` ebjusial bh uml @f{ bh Afu|sl, fae iuz jbauia|iuy {iumuml j`fzzijf` Sbnfa ebjusial, mfe clla hbskbuula bs niz|aelszubbe ia Lak`fae hbs v|iul u{bjlau|silz fu uml uinl {mla umlzl jmfwulsz {lsl {siuula4 fae lxla nfay ylfsz `fuls umlsl {fzab bcxib|z {fy hbs fa Lakìzm zjmb`fs ub klu cfjd ub uml sikmu mizubsijf` ìalz! I b{l ny b{a

k|iefajl nfia`y ub f zbnl{mfu cl`fule fjv|fiaufajl {ium Es! Kilsdl’z l}mf|zuixl uslfunlaubh uml jbausbxlszilz {mijm bjj|wile uml w|cìjizuz bh uml Niee`l Fklz fae ‐uml Slafizzfajl„-‐Obmfaalz Fùm|zi|z |ae eil Lau{ijd`|ak els afu|ssljmuìjmla Zuffuzumlbsila,„ Cslz`f|,6==74 ‐Wbìuijf` Umlbsilz bh uml Niee`l Fkl,„ usfaz`! {ium iausbe|juiba cy H! [! Nfiu`fae,Jfncsiekl, 6977, hsbn ‐Eil Zuffuz. |ae Dbswbsfuibaz`lmsl,„ luj!, Clsìa, 6==64 Wb``bjd,‐Uml Mizubsy bh uml @f{ bh Afu|sl,„ Ob|sa! Zbj! Jbnw! @lkiz`!, 6977, w! 56=)! Ns! Csyjl’zsljlau lzzfy ba uml @f{ bh Afu|sl -‐Zu|eilz ia Mizubsy fae O|sizws|elajl,„ B}hbse, 6976, ii!663) zmb|è cl slfe fae jbazielsle cy f`` zu|elauz bh `lkf` mizubsy!

Nfial {fz abu f nleilxfìzu bs f jfabaizu, fae zmfsle uml klalsf` ikabsfajl bh Lakìzm `f{ylsz fae zjmb`fsz bh miz uinl! Fjjbseiak`y miz zufulnlau wsfjuijf``y alk`ljuz umlNiee`l Fklz, fae z|kklzuz, umb|km iu eblz abu fzzlsu ia ulsnz, umfu uml `f{ bh afu|sl fz|aelszubbe cy uml w|cìjizuz bh uml zlxlaullaum fae likmullaum jlau|silz {fz elsixlel}j`|zixl`y hsbn uml j`fzzijf` Sbnfa `f{ylsz4 umfu uml iah`|lajl bh Kslld wmi`bzbwmy {fzba`y iaeislju fae umsb|km Sbnfa `f{4 fae umfu uml jbajlwuiba bh f wsinlxf` fae iaabjlau‐zuful bh afu|sl„ {fz fa iaulksf` wfsu bh uml ebjusial! Abu bal bh umlzl iahlslajlz {b|è cljbsslju! Uml umlbsy bh Ksbui|z iz jbauia|b|z {ium umfu bh uml jfabaizuz fae zjmbb`nla4 umlnleilxf` ebjusial iz hb|aele ba Fsizubu`l fae Jijlsb, ab `lzz umfa ba uml Jbsw|z I|siz4 faeuml ‐zuful bh afu|sl„ bh likmullaum.jlau|sy {siulsz iz fa l}fkklsfule wlsxlsziba bh {mfu, ia

uml usfeiuibaf` zyzuln, iz f v|iul z|cbseiaful wbiau!

Wbìuijf` o|zuijl iz eixiele, fjjbseiak ub Fsizubu`l -‐Lum! Aij!„ X! xii!4 umiz iz bal bh uml cbbdz abu {siuula cy Fsizubu`l minzl`h, c|u uml z|czufajl iz feniuule ub slwslzlau miz

ulfjmiak), iaub afu|sf` -υó ¼μξ Ϝόϊιοπξ, afu|sf`l) fae jbaxlauibaf` -υó εμ ξβ¼ιοπξ, `lkf`l)!Uml @fuia lv|ixf`lauz fsl hsbn uml j|sslau nleilxf` usfaz`fuiba eisljule cy Zu! Umbnfz



6;;

Fv|iafz! Uml s|`lz bh afu|sf` o|zuijl fsl umbzl {mijm f`` jixiìzle nla sljbkaizl! Umbzl bh jbaxlauibaf` o|zuijl elf` {ium nfuulsz iaeihhlslau ia umlnzl`xlz bs bumls{izl jfwfc`l bh cliak zluu`le ba`y cy wbziuixl f|umbsiuy! Afu|sf` o|zuijl nfy ul`` nl abu ub esixl sljd`lzz`y, c|u jfaabu ul`` nl {mijm iz uml sikmu ziel bh uml sbfe, f v|lzuiba {mijm jbaxlauibaf` o|zuijlfaz{lsz bal {fy ia umlzl diakebnz fae uml bumls ia Fnlsijf fae nbzu, umb|km abu f``,L|sbwlfa Jbauialauf` jb|ausilz! S|`lz iaxb`xiak a|ncls fae nlfz|sl, fkfia, jfaabu clhi}le cy afu|sf` o|zuijl f`bal! Iu iz ub cl bczlsxle umfu Fsizubu`l’z jbajlwuiba bh Afu|slinwìlz sfuibaf` elzika, fae umiz {fz nbsl h|``y {bsdle b|u cy uml `fuls Kslld zjmbb`z, fae

lzwljif``y uml Zubijz! Nfial, umb|km ml {fz fa l}jl``lau j`fzzijf` zjmb`fs, bniuz f`` nlauibabh Fsizubu`l4 c|u Fsizubu`l iz abu wsbnialau ia uml `fuls ìulsfu|sl bh uml z|colju {mijm mlf`nbzu l}j`|zixl`y nfel |zl bh!

Uml Kslld wmi`bzbwmijf` ebjusial fjv|isle fa l`lkfau @fuia hbsn ia Jijlsb’z mfaez fuuml xlsy uinl {mla umb|kmuh|` Sbnfa `f{ylsz {lsl ia alle bh f umlbsluijf` hb|aefuiba hbs uml feeiuiba bh uml i|z klaui|n ub uml bè zusiju fae fsjmfij s|`lz! Ab{ i|z klaui|n, ia iuzbsikiaf` nlfaiak, mfz abumiak ub eb {ium eizuiaju afuibaz bs usiclz -{mijm iz abu uml nlfaiakbh klaulz), c|u zikaihilz uml s|`lz fjjlwule fz ciaeiak cy f`` wlbw`l -Aluu`lzmiw,‐Jbausic|uibaz ub @fuia @l}ijbksfwmy,„ z! x!4 jw! L! J! J`fsd, ‐Wsfjuijf` O|sizws|elajl,„ w!

:<5)! Ub{fsez uml lae bh uml slw|cìjfa wlsibe, iu {b|è zlln abu clhbsl Jijlsb’z uinl, iu cljfnl uml zwljif` afnl bh uml s|`lz feniaizulsle cy Sbnfa nfkizusfulz ia jf|zlz {mlslSbnfa `f{ wsbwls {fz iafwwìjfc`l, cy slfzba bh uml wfsuilz abu cliak cbum Sbnfa jiuilazbs f`ìlz, bs bumls{izl! Uml wlszbaf` fae slìkib|z `f{z bh bal jbnn|aiuy fsl iajfwfc`l, iafsjmfij zbjiluy, bh cliak |zle cy nlnclsz bh fabumls4 fae z|jm iz zui`` uml |aixlszf` j|zubnbh Iaeif, csbdla ba`y, zb hfs fz iu iz csbdla, cy uml iausbe|juiba bh jbznbwbìufa ielfz faemfciuz hsbn L|sbwl! Nfay Sbnfa `lkf` hbsn|`fz iaxb`xle f slìkib|z l`lnlau, fae hbs umfuslfzba, {l nfy cl wsluuy z|sl, {lsl fxfi`fc`l hbs Sbnfaz ba`y? {l dab{ umfu ia bal jfzl,umfu bh uml {bsez Efsi zwbaelz2 zwbaelb, z|jm f slzusijuiba {fz zui`` ia hbsjl |aels uml

Lnwisl! Zini`fs`y u{b zusfaklsz ìxiak |aels eihhlslau `f{z bh umlis b{a jb|è abu cbum cl o|ekle cy liumls bh umbzl `f{z fay nbsl umfa cy Sbnfa `f{! Umlsl iz ab aljlzzfsy v|lzuibabh bal `f{ cliak umb|kmu cluuls ia iuzl`h umfa fabumls, bs bh ‐eizefia hbs f`` hbslika `f{„4 zui```lzz bh uml Sbnfaz mfxiak slh|zle slv|lzuz hbs uml fwwìjfuiba bh Sbnfa `f{ {mijm fsl nbzu|aìdl`y ub mfxl lxls clla nfel -ww! 5=, 59)! [mfu {l hiae, fu fay sful, ia uml jbahìju bh wlszbaf` `f{z ia uml lfs`y Niee`l Fklz iz umfu lxlsy nfa {fauz ub cl o|ekle cy miz b{a `f{!Umiz cliak b|u bh uml v|lzuiba, uml allez bh c|zialzz jf``le hbs zbnl wsfjuijf` zb`|uiba ia f o|sizeijuiba iaub {mijm uml ksb{iak wb{ls bh Sbnl csb|kmu nlsjmfauz fae usfelsz hsbn f`` wfsuz bh uml Nleiulssfalfa! Iu iz mfse ub clìlxl umfu umlsl {fz abu f`slfey zbnl diae bh klalsf` j|zubn fnbak umbzl nlsjmfauz hbs nfuulsz bh jbnnba bjj|sslajl, bs umfu uml

Sbnfa Wsflubs eie abu hiae iu lfzils ub febwu fay z|jm j|zubn, ih zfuizhile bh iuz l}izulajl,umfa ub hsfnl f al{ s|`l cy elìclsful zl`ljuiba hsbn uml l`lnlauz jbnnba ub uml ebnlzuij`f{ bh Sbnl fae bumls Iufìfa Zufulz! Uml sljbkaiuiba bh uml @f{ Nlsjmfau ia Lak`fae cyuml Jbnnba @f{ zllnz f alfsls nbelsa wfsf``l` umfa uml elxl`bwnlau bh uml s|`lz bh Lv|iuy! Nfial minzl`h wbiaule b|u, ia f `fuls {bsd, umfu uml i|z klaui|n {fz ia wfsu bsikiaf``yf nfsdlu `f{, fae ksl{ b|u bh jbnnlsjif` l}iklajilz -‐Xi``fkl Jbnn|aiuilz,„ ww! 69:.5)! Iu



6;=

iz zikaihijfau ia umiz jbaal}iba umfu ia uml `fuls Niee`l Fklz fae eb{a ub uml zlxlaullaumjlau|sy Lakìzm cbbdz slk|`fs`y uslfu uml @f{ Nlsjmfau bh [lzulsa Jmsizulaebn fzlv|ixf`lau ub uml `f{ bh afu|sl, bs f csfajm bh iu -Wb``bjd, Ob|sa! Zbj! Jbnw! @lkiz`!, 6977, w! 5:64 ‐Uml L}wfaziba bh uml Jbnnba @f{,„ w! 66;)!

Mb{lxls umiz nfy cl, uml fju|f` i|z klaui|n fkslle {l`` lab|km {ium uml s|`lz bh afu|sf` o|zuijl bs afu|sf` `f{ ia uml zlazl bh uml Kslld wmi`bzbwmlsz, zb hfs fz umlzl jb|è clbczlsxle ia wsfjuijl! Fjjbseiak`y uml Sbnfa `f{ylsz, wsbcfc`y {bsdiak ba Kslld nfulsif`z

ab{ `bzu, ielauihile i|z klaui|n hbs nbzu wsfjuijf` w|swbzlz {ium i|z afu|sf`l? umly slkfseleiu fz uml z|n bh s|`lz {mijm {lsl lxielau ub afu|sf` slfzba, fae sljlixle cy f`` nla cljf|zlumly {lsl slfzbafc`l4 ‐v|be xlsb afu|sfìz sfuib iauls bnalz mbnialz jbazuiu|iu, ie fw|ebnalz wbw|`bz wlsflv|l j|zubeiu|s xbjfu|sv|l i|z klaui|n, v|fzi v|b i|sl bnalz klaulz|u|au|s„ -Kfi! i! « 6)! C|u umiz bs fay zini`fs zufulnlau `lfxlz iu fa bwla v|lzuiba {mlumls i|zklaui|n slf``y jbiajielz {ium i|z afu|sf`l! Umlsl nfy wbzzic`y cl s|`lz umfu elzlsxl ub clsljbkaizle cy f`` nfadiae, c|u ia hfju fsl abu4 fae umlsl nfy cl |aixlszf` bs xlsy {iel`y wslxfiìak |zfklz {mijm afu|sf` slfzba {i`` abu o|zuihy! Z`fxlsy {fz f sljbkaizle iazuiu|uiba, wfsu bh uml klalsf` j|zubnz bh uml Sbnfa Lnwisl ih fayumiak {fz4 c|u uml laìkmulale fkl bh uml Faubaialz jb|è hiae ab {fssfau hbs iu ia wmi`bzbwmy, fae uml iajbaks|iuy wslzzle ba fu

`lfzu bal bs u{b bh uml j`fzzijf` Sbnfa o|sizuz! Nbelsa zwljifìzuz ia Sbnfa `f{ mfxl abu clla fc`l ub fksll {mfu {fz l}fju`y umlis ebjusial fz ub uml sl`fuiba bh uml ielf` ub uml fju|f`|zfkl bh nfadiae, bs {mlumls umlsl {fz fay bal fjjlwule ebjusial fu f`` ia uml `f{ zjmbb`zbh uml lnwisl! Umlsl iz ab fwwfslau slfzba {my umlsl zmb|è mfxl clla fay bhhijif` bs zluu`lebwiaiba ba z|jm f zwlj|`fuixl wbiau! Wlsmfwz {l zmb|è abu cl hfs hsbn uml us|um ih {l zfie,ia uml `fak|fkl hfniìfs ub b|s b{a zyzuln, umfu i|z klaui|n {fz wslz|nle ub hb``b{ i|zafu|sf`l ih uml jbausfsy eie abu fwwlfs!

Fz hbs uml jl`lcsfule wfzzfkl bh \`wifa {mijm elhialz uml `f{ bh afu|sl fz jbnnba ub

nfa fae bumls fainf`z, ‐v|be afu|sf bnaif fainfìf ebj|iu,„ fae eizuiak|izmlz iu ba umizksb|ae hsbn i|z klaui|n, uml s|`l jbahiale ub nla, ‐zbìz mbniaic|z iauls zl jbnn|al,„ {lfsl abu cb|ae ub clìlxl umfu iu {fz j|sslau fnbak Sbnfa `f{ylsz ia \`wifa’z b{a uinl, bs fayumiak c|u f jbajliu cbssb{le hsbn zbnl hbskbuula Kslld smlubsijifa! Iu zufaez f`bal iauml j`fzzijf` ul}uz, c|u iuz jbazwij|b|z febwuiba fu uml clkiaaiak bh cbum uml Eiklzu fae uml Iazuiu|ulz bh O|zuiaifa {fz uml jf|zl bh lae`lzz usb|c`l ub uml nleilxf` jbnnlaufubsz, hbs {mbn lxlsy {bse ia uml Jbsw|z I|siz {fz bh lv|f` f|umbsiuy! Nfial fzz|nlz uml iaxlauibaub mfxl clla \`wifa’z b{a, fae fzjsiclz iu ub ‐uml wsbwlaziuy ub eizuiak|izm jmfsfjulsizuij bh f `f{yls„4 I jfa ba`y zfy umfu iu eblz abu `bbd ub nl ìdl f {bsdiak `f{yls’z wbiau!6

Nfial’z z|kklzuibaz fz ub ‐uml l}fju wbiau bh jbaufju clu{lla uml bè i|z klaui|n faeuml `f{ bh afu|sl,„ cliak kixla cy f jbaolju|sle zwljif` zlazl bh flv|iufz fsl iaklaib|z, c|u

mfse`y zlln slv|isle! Uml klalsf` jbiajielajl clu{lla i|z klaui|n fae uml Ϝόϊιδóξ εζοιβξ bh Kslld wmi`bzbwmy {fz bcxib|z lab|km ub o|sizuz ia zlfsjm bh f umlbsy {iumb|u cliaklnwmfzizle cy fay bal zwljif` wbiau bh jbaufju! Flv|iufz fwwlfsz, ia j`fzzijf` @fuia |zfkl,ub jbnl xlsy alfs ‐slfzbafc`lalzz„4 fae ia hfju uml {bse slfzba fae iuz elsixfuixlz fsl uml



6;9

wsbwls ulsnz ia uml Jbnnba @f{ hbs jbaxlyiak uml ielfz, bs zbnl bh umln, {mijm fsl fu uml cbuubn bh uml `f{ bh afu|sl, fz Zu! Klsnfa wbiaule b|u alfs`y hb|s jlau|silz fkb ia ‐Ebjubs fae Zu|elau!„ Nfial fwwlfsz ub mfxl fzz|nle umfu uml Sbnfa ebjusial iaj`|ele umlmizubsijf` fjjlwufajl bh f kbèla fkl? ‐uml clìlh ksfe|f``y wslxfi`le fnbak uml Sbnfa`f{ylsz umfu uml bè o|z klaui|n {fz ia hfju uml `bzu jbel bh afu|sl,„ w! <5! I fn cb|ae ub zfyumfu I eb abu dab{ bh fay lxielajl umfu z|jm {fz uml clìlh bh liumls `f{ylsz bs wmi`bzbwmlsz!Jlsufia`y ab Kslld wmi`bzbwmls {b|è mfxl feniuule umfu uml `f{ bh afu|sl {fz `bzu, abs {b|è Jijlsb4 fae fz ub uml z|wwbziuiba umfu i|z klaui|n {fz uml `f{ bh uml kbèla fkl ia uml

bwiaiba bh uml wmi`bzbwmij `f{ylsz, ‐zb hfs {lsl umly hsbn z|jm f el`|ziba,„ zfyz Ns! Csyjl,‐umfu umly fzjsicl ub i|z klaui|n {fs, jfwuixiuy, z`fxlsy, fae f`` uml jbazlv|lajlz bh umlzlhfjuz, {mi`l ia uml kbèla fkl, uml Zfu|saif slkaf bh uml wbluz, f`` nla {lsl hsll fae {fs {fz|adab{a!„ I|z klaui|n iz uml jbnnba `f{ bs j|zubn bh nfadiae, fju|f` abu ielf` j|zubn!O|zu fz ìuu`l iz umlsl fay usfjlfc`l jbaaljuiba clu{lla uml hfc`lz bh f kbèla fkl fae umlh|aefnlauf` jbajlwuiba bh afu|sf` `f{, afnl`y, umfu klalsf` s|`lz bh m|nfa jbae|ju fsl fuf`` uinlz eizjbxlsfc`l cy m|nfa slfzba fz cliak slfzbafc`l! Uml ebjusial bh uml Sbnfa o|sizuz eblz abu iaxb`xl fay mizubsijf` fzz|nwuiba fu f``, aliumls, ia iuzl`h, eblz umfu bh umlnleilxf` ebjubsz fae jbnnlaufubsz, fùmb|km umlzl, fz kbbe Jfumbìjz, fjjlwule uml Hf`` bh Nfa fae jb|è kixl umlb`bkijf` slfzbaz hbs uml `f{ bh afu|sl abu cliak z|hhijilau ia wsfjuijl!

Nbslbxls, iu iz abu wsbcfc`l umfu i|z klaui|n, fz f ulsn bh fsu, iz n|jm bs fu f`` bèls umfa i|zafu|sf`l bs afu|sfl!



6=7

ABUL H! LV\IUY!F wlj|ìfs mizubsijf` elxl`bwnlau mfz kixla umiz {bse f uljmaijf` nlfaiak fnbak

Lakìzm.zwlfdiak `f{ylsz! ‐Slfzbafc`lalzz,„ fz nlauibale ia uml `fzu abul, fwwlfsz ub cl uml wsinfsy fae klalsf` ielf! Umiz jbajlwuiba, {mla lncbeile hbs wsfjuijf` |zl fz fa fwwlf` ubuml jbnnba zlazl bh sikmu.niaele nla, iz j`bzl`y fdia ub umfu bh afu|sf` o|zuijl, fae h|sumls slzlnc`lz iu ia cliak usfjlfc`l ub Fsizubu`l! Iu iz bh uml |unbzu inwbsufajl ia nfay csfajmlzbh b|s nbelsa `f{4 c|u {l mfxl zwljifìzle uml afnl bh Lv|iuy hbs bal fwwìjfuiba bh iu,afnl`y umfu feniaizusfuiba bh l}usfbseiafsy o|zuijl cy uml diak {ium uml fexijl bh mizJmfajl``bs fae Jb|aji`, fae fhuls{fsez umsb|km uml Jmfajl``bs f`bal, {mijm wsbe|jle uml

Jb|su bh Jmfajlsy! Nfial, {mla ml {sbul ‐Fajilau @f{,„ zllnz ub mfxl eb|cule umlmizubsijf` us|um bh ‐uml diak’z klalsf` sikmu ub z|wlsiaulae uml feniaizusfuiba bh o|zuijl„4 c|uia ‐Lfs`y @f{ fae J|zubn„ -jm! xi!, ‐Uml Diak fae Lfs`y Jixi` O|zuijl,„ w! 685), iu iz h|``ysljbkaizle! Uml diak {fz mlè ub slufia f ‐wsl.lnialajl bh o|sizeijuiba ! ! ! fz {l`` hbs fnlaenlau fz hbs z|ww`y bh uml Jbnnba @f{,„ umb|km ml jb|è abu fùls f slk|`fs o|sizeijuiba bajl lzufcìzmle4 umiz ‐z|ww`lnlaufsy bs slzie|fsy o|sizeijuiba,„ fz Nfial fwu`yjf``z iu, {fz l}lsjizle ub hbsn uml Jb|su bh Jmfajlsy, fae ia e|l uinl iu {fz mlè, fz {fzialxiufc`l, umfu umiz f`zb mfe cljbnl fa lzufcìzmle Jb|su, umfu uml diak’z wb{ls ub eb lv|iuyfz {l`` fz zusiju `lkf` o|zuijl mfe clla jbnw`lul`y el`lkfule, fae umfu fjjbseiak`y ml jb|è

abu jslful fay al{ lv|iufc`l o|sizeijuiba! Iu {fz ab `lzz ialxiufc`l umfu fhuls umiz Lv|iuyzmb|è cljbnl f uljmaijf` zyzuln -jw! Wb``bjd, ‐Uml L}wfaziba bh uml Jbnnba @f{,„ ww!8;.;:)!

Nfial wbiaule b|u -L! @! fae J!, w! 688) umfu uml lfs`y Sbnfa `f{, ‐f zuihh zyzuln bh uljmaijf` fae jlslnbaib|z `f{,„ ‐|aels{lau f usfazhbsnfuiba umsb|km umiz xlsy slzie|fsy bs z|ww`lnlaufsy sbyf` f|umbsiuy,„ {mijm |aels uml Sbnfa Slw|cìj {fz xlzule ia uml Wsflubs!‐[mfu mfz elzjlaele ub zb `fskl f wfsu bh uml nbelsa {bsè iz abu uml jbfszl Sbnfa `f{, c|u uml Sbnfa `f{ eizui``le umsb|km uml o|sizeijuiba bh uml Wsflubs, fae cy min ksfe|f``y clau iaub z|wwbzle fjjbsefajl {ium uml `f{ bh afu|sl!„

Fz ub uml sl`fuiba bh b|s Jb|su bh Jmfajlsy ub uml `f{ bh afu|sl, I laelfxb|sle ub z|niu |w u{b ylfsz fkb ia f jb|szl bh `lju|slz kixla ia Fnlsijf? ‐Uml lfs`y Jmfajl``bsz eie abueizj`bzl uml zb|sjlz bh umlis iazwisfuiba4 wsbcfc`y umly mfe fz kbbe ksb|aez bh l}wleilajyhbs abu uf`diak fcb|u uml `f{ bh afu|sl fz uml jbnnba `f{ylsz!„ Uml `f{ bh afu|sl {fziauinful`y fzzbjifule {ium uml jfaba `f{, fae hbs Lakìzm `fy wlbw`l ia uml Niee`l Fklz



6=6

jfaba `f{ zikaihile bcab}ib|z nleeìak bh hbslika ljj`lzifzuijz {ium Lakìzm clalhijlz faeslxla|lz, clzielz uml xl}fuib|z fae iav|iziubsif` o|sizeijuiba bh cizmbwz’ fae fsjmelfjbaz’jb|suz! ‐Jlsufia`y Tuml Jmfajl``bsz^ iaulaele fae laelfxb|sle ub hb``b{ uml eijuful bh afu|sf` slfzba4 fae ih umlis xlsziba bh afu|sf` o|zuijl {fz zbnl{mfu fsuihijif` ia iuz elufi`z,fae cbsl f eljiele jixiìfa bs jfabaijf` zufnw, umiz {fz ba`y ub cl l}wljule! Zbnl jlau|silz`fuls, {mla Csiuizm o|eijif` bhhijlsz ia Iaeif {lsl iazus|jule ub eljiel, ia uml fczlajl bh fayafuixl `f{ fwwìjfc`l ub cbum wfsuilz, fjjbseiak ub ‐o|zuijl, lv|iuy, fae kbbe jbazjilajl,„ umlslz|ùz cbsl, lxla nbsl nfaihlzu`y, uml zufnw bh uml Jbnnba @f{„ -‐Uml L}wfaziba bh uml

Jbnnba @f{,„ w! 665)!



6=3

ABULZ UB JMFWULS IX ABUL K! NLEILXF@ FAE NBELSA USLFUNLAU BH UML @F[ BH

AFU\SL? CSFJUBA? HSLAJM W\C@IJIZUZ!

N|jm umfu mfz clla {siuula fcb|u uml `f{ bh afu|sl ia nbelsa uinlz iz, fz Nfial zfyz,l}uslnl`y jbah|zle! Umiz nfy cl e|l ub zlxlsf` jf|zlz, c|u bal jf|zl {mijm {b|è f`bal clz|hhijilau iz uml alk`lju bh uml zjmb`fzuij usfeiuiba, fnb|auiak ub wsfjuijf` bcìxiba, {mijmhb``b{le ba uml Slhbsnfuiba jbausbxlszilz! Mbbdls {fz uml `fulzu Lakìzm {siuls {mb wbzzlzzle uml usfeiuiba, fae fjjbseiak`y zufule f jbazizulau fae iaul`ìkic`l ebjusial! [mfu

uml jfabaizuz fae zjmbb`nla feele ub uml j`fzzijf` Sbnfa umlbsy {fz uml ielauihijfuiba bh uml `f{ bh afu|sl {ium uml `f{ bh Kbe slxlf`le ia m|nfa slfzba? ia umiz {fy umly sljbaji`leuml ulnwbsf` f|umbsiuy bh uml Jbsw|z I|siz fae uml nbsf` f|umbsiuy bh uml wmi`bzbwmlsz -hbs Fsizubu`l fae Jijlsb, umb|km mlfumlaz, mfe cljbnl f`nbzu zfjsle cy bsumbeb}jbnnlaefuibaz) {ium uml zwisiu|f` f|umbsiuy bh uml Jm|sjm! Uml afu|sf` slxl`fuiba umsb|kmslfzba fae uml z|wlsafu|sf` slxl`fuiba jbnniuule ub uml Jm|sjm fsl lv|f``y eixial, faejfaabu jbausfeiju bal fabumls4 fae uml `f{ bh afu|sl iz ab `lzz wfsfnb|au ub fay wbziuixl s|`lbs j|zubn bh m|nfa bsikia umfa l}wslzz slxl`fuiba iuzl`h! Uml sizd bh umiz ebjusial cliaku|sale fkfiazu uml Jm|sjm bs uml Wbwl {fz, ab eb|cu, zlsib|z, fz `fuls lxlauz wsbxle4 c|u iu

mfe ub cl ufdla! Mlajl uml zjmb`fzuij umlbsy bh uml `f{ bh afu|sl, umb|km fuulnwuz {lsl nfelub |zl iu hbs uml nbzu bwwbziul w|swbzlz, {fz ba uml {mb`l sfuibafìzu fae wsbkslzzixl!Iaelle, iu mfe zlxlsf` wbiauz bh fhhiaiuy {ium uml |uiìufsifa ebjusial bh b|s b{a uinlz,fùmb|km uml hb|aelsz bh umfu zjmbb`, {mb nfy cl zfie ub mfxl alk`ljule mizubsy ba wsiajiw`l,{lsl |af{fsl bh uml hfju! Afu|sf` o|zuijl mfe clla ielauihile cy Lwij|s|z {ium fa fksllnlaufnbak nla hbs umlis jbnnba fexfaufkl ub fczufia hsbn mfsniak bal fabumls -zll Csyjl,‐Zu|eilz,„ ii! 63;)! Ia uml hb|sullaum jlau|sy {l fju|f``y hiae jbnn|aiz |uiìufz f j|sslauulsn {ium [i`ìfn bh Bjdmfn fae bumlsz, fae iu iz |zle ub elabul f jsiulsiba hbs fzjlsufiaiak{mfu uml `f{ bh afu|sl wslzjsiclz4 fae umiz {fz ba`y uml elxl`bwnlau bh f ulaelajy f`slfeyxizic`l ia Zu! Umbnfz Fv|iafz! Nfial wlsjlixle uml faf`bky, fae z|kklzule umfu iu nikmu abu

cl ubb hfajih|` ub jf`` afu|sf` `f{ uml fajilau jb|aulswfsu bh Claumfnizn -w! ;8)!

Clybae uml h|aefnlauf` wsiajiw`lz bh afu|sf` o|zuijl, {l nfy ele|jl cy afu|sf`slfzba xfsib|z s|`lz {mijm nfy bs nikmu cl jbaxlailau ia uml fczlajl bh jbnwlulau o|sizeijuiba, c|u, fz umly fsl ia nfuuls bh jbaxlailajl fae abu bh fczb`|ul sikmu, nfy clnbeihile cy uml `f{ bh uml `fae! S|`lz bh umiz diae {lsl zfie ub cl zljbaefsy4 fae uml zb.



6=5

Umlsl fsl zbnl iajielauf` zufulnlauz bh Nfial’z ia umiz jbaal}iba {mijm allejbnnlau! [mfu iz zfie fcb|u uml |av|lzuibaiak slzwlju wfie ia uml Niee`l Fklz ub {siuulaul}uz iz |aeb|cule`y us|l, fae iz iaelle sfumls |aelszufule! Slxlslajl hbs fay w`f|zic`l zmb{bh f|umbsiuy {fz abu jbahiale ub umlb`bky bs `f{, fae iu {fz abu aljlzzfsy umfu uml ul}uv|bule zmb|è w|swbsu ub mfxl fay bcìkfubsy hbsjl, bs umfu uml zlazl ia {mijm iu {fz v|bulezmb|è cl uml afu|sf` bal! Fsizubu`l {fz alfs`y fz kbbe f|umbsiuy fz uml Cic`l, umb|km abuv|iul4 Jijlsb {fz ba`y zljbae ub Fsizubu`l4 fae uml Jbsw|z I|siz {fz ‐{siuula slfzba„ lxlaia o|sizeijuibaz {mlsl iu {fz abu ciaeiak! C|u ia elhf|ù bh uml X|`kful bs uml Wmi`bzbwmls,

`lfsale {siulsz {lsl k`fe lab|km ub v|bul Xiski` bs Bxie bs @|jfa, umb|km {iumb|u fayiaulauiba bh w|uuiak umln ba f `lxl` {ium Zjsiwu|sl! Nfial’z wfsuij|`fs i``|zusfuiba hsbn ‐uml w`fkifsiznz bh Csfjuba„ iz |ahbsu|aful! I eb abu dab{ ba {mfu cbbd bs nfa mfxiak f wslulaele dab{`lekl bh Csfjuba ml slìle4 jlsufia`y umlsl {lsl xlsy hl{ nla ìxiak hbsuy.hixl ylfsz fkb {mb mfe zu|eile Csfjuba ub z|jm w|swbzl fz ub cl v|fìhile ub iahbsn min, faejlsufia`y ml mfe abu umla nfel fay jsiuijf` l}fniafuiba bh miz b{a4 c|u uml zb`|uiba bh umlmizubsijf` laiknf {mijm Nfial, {ium kslfu slfzba, hb|ae ia Csfjuba’z f``lkle {mb`lzf`l cbssb{iak hsbn Sbnfa `f{ iz zinw`y umfu uml hfju iz abu zb! Abu bal.umisuilum bh Csfjuba’znfuuls, iazulfe bh f umise fz fhhisnle cy Nfial’z |adab{a f|umbsiuy, iz ufdla hsbn umlJbsw|z I|siz -Nfiu`fae, ‐Csfjuba fae Fb,„ Zlèla Zbj! 6=9<, w! }ix, {mijm zll ba uml

{mb`l nfuuls)! Csfjuba |zle Sbnfa `f{, jmilh`y umsb|km Fb’z hfnb|z k`bzz, wfsu`y fz fzyzulnfuij hsfnl{bsd fae wfsu`y fz f zubsl bh {siuula slfzba ub hi`` |w kfwz ia Lakìzm`lfsaiak! Ml mfe ab umb|kmu bh w|uuiak iu bhh ba miz jb|ausynla fz ‐w|sl Lakìzm `f{,„ faynbsl umfa f `f{yls fu Wfsiz {b|è mfxl zb|kmu ub w|u iu bhh fz w|sl Wfsizifa j|zubn4 umlsl izab jbajlf`nlau bh iuz bsikia! [mla fju|f` Lakìzm j|zubn {fz jbausfsy ub Sbnfa `f{,Mlasy bh Csfuuba -hbs z|jm, iu iz ab{ dab{a, {fz miz slf` afnl) eie abu mlziuful ub elay umlSbnfa wsbwbziuibaz!

H|sumls, iu iz fu `lfzu niz`lfeiak ub zfy umfu ‐uml zyzulnfuij zu|ey bh uml Sbnfa `f{

{fz hbsnls`y wsbzjsicle„ ia Lak`fae! Uml ba`y wsbmiciuiba bh {mijm umlsl iz fay lxielajl{fz jbahiale ub @baeba4 iu iz eb|cuh|` {mlumls iuz w|swbzl {fz ub mbè j`lsdz ia bselsz ubumlis wsbwls zu|ey bh uml jfaba fz eizuiak|izmle hsbn uml jixi` `f{, bs ub wslxlau @baebaulfjmlsz hsbn jbnwluiak {ium uml jixiìfaz bh B}hbse -Wb``bjd fae Nfiu`fae, ‐M!L!@!,„ i!673)! Sbnfa `f{ {fz abu ba`y uf|kmu fu B}hbse fae Jfncsiekl {iumb|u iaulss|wuiba, c|uzbnluinlz, umb|km abu bhula, jiule, fu `lfzu ia f klalsf` {fy, ia uml Diak’z Jb|suz -Zlèla feH`lufn, ww! <3=.<:7)!6 Umlsl iz ab slfzba {mfulxls ub z|wwbzl umfu fay bal umb|kmu iualleh|` bs l}wleilau ub wsbulju uml Jbnnba @f{ fkfiazu f Sbnfa iaxfziba! C`fjdzubal-‐Jbnn!,„ i! 37.33) jbausixle, cy fjj|n|`fuiak nizufdlz, ub esf{ fa infkiafsy wiju|sl bh Lakìzm fxlsziba fae jbaulnwu hbs uml jixi` `f{! Ia uml jfzl jiule cy min, Y! C! 33 Le! III! 65

-abu 35), {mfu slf``y mfwwlale {fz umiz! Jb|azl` zfie, cy {fy bh wslìniafsy bcoljuiba, umfuuml Jb|su mfe ab o|eijif` dab{`lekl bh {mfu uml jixiìfa―bs sfumls, ia uml jfzl ia mfae,jfabaizu―wsbjlzz bh iamiciuib abxi bwlsiz {fz? ub {mijm O|zuijl Zmfsel`b{l slwìle ialhhlju? ‐Umfu iz ba`y {mfu umly jf`` slzuiu|uiba ia umlis `f{, zb {l umiad abumiak bh yb|s wbiau4yb| n|zu faz{ls ub uml nlsiuz„4 fae uml fsk|nlau wsbjllele fjjbseiak`y! Abumiak mlslzmb{z xlsy ksbzz ikabsfajl, fùmb|km uml `fak|fkl nikmu abu zfuizhy f `lfsale jixiìfa4 uml



6=<

Jb|su, zb hfs hsbn uslfuiak Sbnfa {bsez bh fsu fz abazlazl, wsbhlzzle ub |aelszufae umlnv|iul lab|km hbs uml w|swbzl ia mfae4 fae uml ba`y jbaulnwu ia v|lzuiba {fz umfu bh fa fccbu{mb {fz jmfskle {ium mfxiak jiule f wsibs ub uml Wbwl’z Jb|su fu Fxikaba fae wlszizule iaeizslkfse bh uml diak’z wsbmiciuiba! C|u ia uml aialullaum jlau|sy fa bxls.lf`b|zSbnfaiziak `f{yls jf``le Zmfsel`b{l fa bè zfxfkl ba uml zuslakum bh C`fjdzubal’zniz|aelszufaeiak! [mfu iz slf``y j|sib|z ia uml nfuuls iz umfu C`fjdzubal fwwlfsz ub mfxl clla niz`le cy Zlèla -fe H`lufn, w! <::), {mb jiulz umiz ub wsbxl umfu Sbnfa `f{ mfe cljbnl |adab{a ia uml Diak’z Jb|suz ia uml slika bh Le{fse III!, umb|km ml eblz abu |zl

fayumiak ìdl C`fjdzubal’z smlubsijf` `fak|fkl fcb|u jbaulnwu fae fxlsziba! [ium f`` slzwljuhbs Zlèla, I zll ab sbbn hbs eb|cu umfu ml eie niz|aelszufae uml jfzl4 wlsmfwz ml {fzabeeiak f ìuu`l, hbs ml jf``z Zmfsel`b{l O! ‐Zmfse|z!„ Miz klalsf` umlziz umfu dab{`lekl bh Sbnfa `f{ ia Lak`fae, l}jlwu fnbak wsbhlzzle jfabaizuz, eljìale sfwie`y fhuls uml slika bh Le{fse II!, iz eb|cu`lzz jbsslju! C|u umlsl {fz ab v|lzuiba bh mbzuiìuy! Abu uml hb|sullaum bs umisullaum, c|u uml zi}ullaum jlau|sy {fz uml uinl bh sljsiniafuiba clu{lla jbnnba `f{ylszfae jixiìfaz, fae wlsmfwz bh zbnl slf` efakls ub uml Jbnnba @f{ -Nfiu`fae, ‐Lakìzm @f{fae uml Slafizzfajl„4 Wb``bjd, ‐Uml L}wfaziba bh uml Jbnnba @f{,„ w! ==)!

Nfial’z slnfsdz ba uml laum|zifzn bh Hslajm `f{ylsz hbs afu|sf` `f{ -w! =7 zvv!)

zlln sfumls ub ikabsl iuz klalsf` sljlwuiba cy Jbauialauf` w|cìjizuz4 umb|km umljlausfìzfuiba bh uml Hslajm nbafsjmy ab eb|cu nfel iu lfzils hbs umln ub mfxl zbnlumiakìdl |aihbsn bhhijif` ebjusial! Uml lahsfajmiziak bseiafajl bh @b|iz M|uia jiule fu w! 97,{mijm fzzlsuz umfu f`` nla b|kmu ub cl hsll cy afu|sf` `f{, slwlfuz fa lfsìls bal izz|le cyWmiìw uml Hfis ia 6:66 -‐Ob|sa! Zbj! Jbnw! @lkiz`!,„ 6977, ww! 538.;)! Iu iz abu xlsy j`lfs umfu uml hsfnlsz bh umiz bseiafajl {lsl umiadiak bh uml Sbnfa nf}in, ‐bnalz mbnialzafu|sf flv|f`lz z|au„ -bs sfumls ‐v|be fe i|z afu|sf`l fuuialu bnalz mbnialz flv|f`lz z|au„?\`wifa ia E! el eix! slk! <7, 6;, :3)4 hbs uml klalsf` ubal iz eljiele`y nbsl slìkib|z umfazlj|`fs, fae uml Jm|sjm mfe f`{fyz hfxb|sle nfa|nizziba fz f wib|z {bsd! Ih umly mfe

{faule ub xb|jm uml f|umbsiuy bh uml Eiklzu umfu z`fxlsy {fz abu sljbkaizle cy uml `f{ bh afu|sl, umly nikmu lfzi`y mfxl nfel uml slhlslajl nbsl wbiaule! Umfu \`wifa eie abu nlfa ub wslfjm fa lumijf` bs wbìuijf` jslle bh lv|fìuy iz, fz Nfial zfyz, w`fia lab|km4 miz fzzlsuibaiz umfu z`fxlsy -ìdl bumls ialv|fìuilz bh jbaeiuiba) iz o|zuihile ba`y cy wbziuixl `f{! Fu umlzfnl uinl ab nleilxf` w|cìjizu {mb elzisle ub |zl uml wfzzfkl hbs miz b{a w|swbzlz {b|èmfxl usb|c`le minzl`h fcb|u uml f|umbs’z bsikiaf` iaulauiba!

Fu w! =3 umlsl iz f zufulnlau fcb|u E|nb|ìa’z bwiaibaz {mijm I mfxl abu clla fc`l ubxlsihy! Jmfs`lz E|nb|ìa -wsbwls`y E| Nbìa, `fuiaizle fz Nbìafl|z, 6<77.6<88) {fz f wsbhb|ae o|sizu fae f hfnb|z jmfnwiba bh Kf`ìjfa ìclsuilz fkfiazu uml Wfwf` j`finz! Ml

{fz hbs zbnl uinl f Jf`xiaizu, fae fhuls{fsez f @|umlsfa, c|u miz cibksfwmls O|ìla Csbelf|,{mbzl cbbd6 zllnz ub cl uml |ùinful f|umbsiuy, {fz fa}ib|z ub nfdl iu j`lfs umfu ml eile fJfumbìj4 {mijm hsbn uml Kf`ìjfa wbiau bh xil{ {fz ba`y afu|sf`! Miz ìhl {fz {faelsiakfae usb|c`le, fae iz f zusidiak l}fnw`l bh uml klalsf` eizu|scfajl iaub {mijm uml {bsè bh `luulsz fz {l`` fz bh fjuiba {fz umsb{a cy uml Slhbsnfuiba jbausbxlszilz4 u{ijl ml h`le hsbnWfsiz, fae u{ijl miz mb|zl {fz zfjdle |aels jb`b|s bh lf` hbs Sbnfa bsumbeb}y! Uml



6=8

zufaefse leiuiba bh miz {bsdz {fz wsiaule fu Wfsiz ia 68=6 ia hixl xb`|nlz, hbìb, fae izjbwib|z`y iael}le! I mfxl abu hb|ae ia umln fayumiak fcb|u uml `f{ bh afu|sl l}jlwu balelwsljifubsy slnfsd ia f abul ba uml Eljslu|n bh Ksfuifa -Faabufuibalz fe i|z jfabaij|n,ia xb`! 5)? ‐wbìuif l}ulsaf slkiu|s i|sl afu|sfì lu wbìuijb, zle |us|nv|l z|clzu eixiab v|befùi|z lzu afu|sfì!„ Umiz eislju`y jbausfeijuz uml sljlixle umlbsy, {mijm w|u uml `f{ bh afu|sl-wsiajiw`lz bh sikmu slxlf`le ia m|nfa slfzba) clhbsl uml @f{ bh Kbe -iaulswslufuiba bh zwljihij wsljlwuz jbnn|aijfule cy l}ulsaf` slxl`fuiba)! I z|zwlju umfu E| Nbìa, {siuiak fuumfu uinl fz f Wsbulzufau, ubbd uml @f{ bh Kbe ub cl uml ul}u bh Zjsiwu|sl, fae nlfau umfu uml

ul}u {fz ub cl wslhlssle ub uml slfzbaiakz bh uml zjmbb`z? jbnwfsl uml zb.jf``le Wsbulzufauelj`fsfuiba hbsnls`y ia |zl ba uml fenizziba bh Hl``b{z fu Usiaiuy Jb``lkl, Jfncsiekl,‐xlsc|n Eli i|eijiiz mbnia|n wsflwbziu|s|n!„ [mfulxls uml l}fju zikaihijfajl nfy cl, E|Nbìa’z bczlsxfuiba iz uml slxlszl bh f wfalkysij ba uml `f{ bh afu|sl! Bal jfa ba`y z|wwbzlumfu uml smlubsijf` wfzzfklz bh {mijm Nfial fwwlfsz ub mfxl mfe f wsluuy eizuiaju sljb``ljuibabjj|s ia zbnl bumls Hslajm o|sizu bh uml uinl, fae umfu uml iausbe|juiba bh E| Nbìa’z afnl{fz e|l ub f zìw bh nlnbsy bs ub zbnl fjjielauf` eiz`bjfuiba bs nizslfeiak bh nfa|zjsiwuabulz!

Iu mfz f`slfey clla wbiaule b|u umfu Nfial kslfu`y l}fkklsfule uml w`fjl bh uml ‐zuful

bh afu|sl„ ia uml ebjusialz bh afu|sf` `f{! Umiz jbnlz b|u fkfia ia f zufsuìak nfaals ia mizslnfsdz ba Sb|zzlf| -w! =5)!6 [mfulxls Sb|zzlf| nfy mfxl zfie l`zl{mlsl, {l zmf`` abuhiae fayumiak fcb|u uml bsikiaf` wlshljuiba bh nfadiae ia uml ‐Jbausfu Zbjif`,„ ub {mijmNfial fwwfslau`y nlfau ub slhls! Sb|zzlf| clìlxle, jlsufia`y, ia afu|sf` `f{, fae ub zbnll}ulau ia uml xisu|lz bh uml ‐afu|sf` nfa„ fz fa iaeixie|f`4 c|u miz ‐zuful bh afu|sl„ iz abun|jm cluuls umfa Mbcclz’z4 iu iz |azufc`l fae cljbnlz iaub`lsfc`l, fae uml zbjif` jbausfju izeijufule cy uml alle bh zl`h.wslzlsxfuiba -ìx! i! jm! xi!)4 o|zuijl, {mijm eie abu l}izu ia umlzuful bh afu|sl, iz e|l ub uml lzufcìzmnlau bh wbìuijf` zbjiluy -jm! xiii!)! Umiz iz abu uml w`fjlub zwlfd fu `fskl bh Sb|zzlf|’z iah`|lajl ba uml hb|aelsz bh Fnlsijfa iaelwlaelajl fae uml

`lfelsz bh uml Hslajm Slxb`|uiba4 c|u uml jfslh|` slzlfsjm bh Fnlsijfa zjmb`fsz mfz `ful`yzmb{a umfu uml Wsiajiw`lz bh 6;=9 b{le nbsl ub uml Fnlsijfa Elj`fsfuiba bh Iaelwlaelajlfae uml lfsìls Ci``z bh Sikmuz bh zlxlsf` Zufulz umfa {l |zle ub z|wwbzl, fae `lzz ubSb|zzlf|, fae umfu uml `fak|fkl bh uml Fnlsijfa jbazuiu|uibaf` iazus|nlauz wsbjllele hsbnuml zjmbb` abu bh Sb|zzlf| c|u bh @bjdl -Zjmlskls, ‐Uml Lxb`|uiba bh Nbelsa @iclsuy,„ Al{ Ybsd, 6975)!



6=;

ABUL M! UML BSIKIAZ BH UML NBELSA @F[ BH AFUIBAZ!Nfial’z zufulnlau -w! 93) zllnz ub ikabsl uml jbauia|iuy bh Ksbui|z fae miz innleiful

wslj|szbsz {ium uml zjmb`fzuij ebjusial! Iu iz us|l umfu uml zwslfe bh uml Al{ @lfsaiak, faezui`` nbsl uml Slhbsnfuiba, eie `fskl`y iajslfzl uml {likmu bh uml j`fzzijf` fae einiaizm umfubh uml nleilxf` l`lnlauz4 c|u iu iz f`zb us|l umfu Ksbui|z eie abu sl`y l}j`|zixl`y ba Sbnfabs ba `lkf` f|umbsiuilz! Umfu Ksbui|z fae miz jbaulnwbsfsilz niz|aelszubbe uml j`fzzijf` i|zklaui|n, bs z|wwbzle uml nbelsa s|`lz bh jbae|ju clu{lla zbxlslika zufulz ub cl jbaufialeia iu, I fn |afc`l, {ium kslfu slzwlju hbs fay z|kklzuiba bh Nfial’z, ub clìlxl! Uml ulsn mfe cljbnl `lzz jbnnba umfa iuz wsfjuijf` zyabayn i|z afu|sf`l ia uml Niee`l Fklz, c|u jfnl

iaub hfzmiba fkfia {ium uml Slafizzfajl! Ksbui|z, ìdl F`clsijb Klauiì, ufdlz i|z klaui|n fzuml s|`l bh afu|sf` slfzba fuulzule cy klalsf` fksllnlau, fae nfdlz iu uml zufsuiak.wbiau bh fal{ elxl`bwnlau! Ml nfy bs nfy abu mfxl dab{a umfu ia iuz j`fzzijf` nlfaiak iu jb|è, faezbnluinlz eie, iaj`|el, fnbak bumls s|`lz bh jbae|ju zfajuibale cy klalsf` |zfkl, {mfulxls s|`lz fsl slfzbafc`l fae j|zubnfsy fz clu{lla zbxlslika zufulz! C|u fz f zjmb`fs ml n|zumfxl dab{a umfu klaulz iz abu uml w`|sf` bh jixiufz bs wbw|`|z, {mijm fsl uml ba`y fwu {bsezia j`fzzijf` @fuia hbs f zuful bs afuiba ia iuz wbìuijf` jfwfjiuy! Fu uml zfnl uinl Z|fsl mfezwbdla bh i|sf klaui|n {ium fa fwwsbfjm ub uml nbelsa ‐`f{ bh afuibaz,„ fae Mbbdls mfe|zle uml Lakìzm ulsn ia f h|``y iaulsafuibaf` zlazl -‐Ljj`! Wb`!„ I! }! « 63)! Umlsl {fz ab

slfzba hbs Ksbui|z ub slh|zl uml fzzizufajl bh f xlscf` fncik|iuy, zb hfs fz iu l}izule faejb|è h|sumls miz w|swbzlz -jw! @!V!S! }xiii! 53<.=)! Uml nbelsa `f{ bh afuibaz lncbeilzjlsufia eizuiaju`y `lkf` jbajlwuibaz! Umlzl fsl Sbnfa fae w|sl`y Sbnfa! Iafzn|jm fz, hsbnuml zi}ullaum jlau|sy ba{fsez, Sbnfa `f{ {fz klalsf``y sljlixle umsb|kmb|u [lzulsaJmsizulaebn, {ium uml bal nfulsif` l}jlwuiba bh Lak`fae, fz f diae bh |aixlszf` `f{, umlsl izabumiak z|swsiziak ia umiz hfju, fae iaelle abumiak l`zl jb|è mfxl mfwwlale! Nfial’zhb``b{iak bczlsxfuibaz -w! 9= zvv!) fz ub uml fwwìjfuiba bh Sbnfa ielfz ia uml nbelsa `f{bh afuibaz, fae lzwljif``y uml uslfunlau bh lxlsy iaelwlaelau Zuful, {ium slkfse ub iuzulssiubsy, fz ih iu {lsl fa b{als bs j`finfau bh b{alszmiw |aels Sbnfa `f{, fae umlsl`fuixl`y nbelsa jmfsfjuls bh w|sl`y ulssiubsif` ebniaiba, zmb{ uml f|umbs fu miz clzu! Uml

umlbsluijf` lv|fìuy bh iaelwlaelau Zufulz afu|sf``y hb``b{z hsbn umlis sljbkaiuiba fzfaf`bkb|z ub hsll wlszbaz, {mb n|zu mfxl h|`` fae lv|f` sikmuz ia uml fczlajl bh fay elhiaiulslfzba hbs ialv|fìuy! Umiz iaelle iz f`` umfu uml nf}in bh nla’z lv|fìuy clhbsl uml `f{ bh afu|sl elj`fslz bs iaxb`xlz fjjbseiak ub iuz j`fzzijf` nlfaiak -w! 98)!



6==

Iu iz iaulslzuiak ia jbaal}iba {ium Nfial’z umlziz ub bczlsxl mb{ ia b|s uinl uml |z|f`s|`lz bh iaulsafuibaf` `f{ jlfzl ub cl fwwìjfc`l, bs hfi` ub kixl fa felv|ful zb`|uiba bh eihhij|ùilz, o|zu ia wsbwbsuiba fz uml hfju bh ulssiubsif` zbxlslikauy iz abu jbnw`lul faeelhiaiul! Umiz iz ab{ bh hslv|lau bjj|sslajl ia jfzlz bh ‐zwmlslz bh iah`|lajl„ ia |azluu`le wfsuz bh uml {bsè, bh wsbuljubsfulz, fae bh {mfu fsl jf``le zlni.zbxlslika Zufulz elwlaelauia xfsib|z elksllz ba bumls fae nbsl wb{lsh|` balz! Ia uml `fzu.afnle j`fzz {l nfy abuijl fjlsufia slxlsziba ub hl|ef` jbajlwuibaz! Iu {b|è mfxl clla n|jm lfzils ub l}wslzz umlsl`fuibaz bh Kslfu Csiufia ub uml `ful Zb|um Fhsijfa Slw|cìj ia nleilxf` umfa ia j`fzzijf`

@fuia! Fz ub uml Fak`b.Zf}ba diakzmiw, iu zmb|è cl slnlnclsle umfu uml Lakìzm diakzalxls b{le bs slaelsle fay ulnwbsf` f``lkifajl ub uml Lnwisl fae fay bumls wb{ls, bs umfuuml fzz|nwuiba bh uml inwlsif` uiu`l ‐Cfzi`l|z„ iaxb`xle f wsluuy zusbak j`fin ub ulnwbsf`z|wslnfjy {iumia fwwsb}inful`y jlsufia ulssiubsif` ìniuz! Ia umiz slzwlju uml ziu|fuiba bh Lak`fae {fz wlj|ìfs! Nbelsa afuibaf` zbxlslikauy nfy cl slkfsele, ia f klalsf` {fy, fz fslfjuiba fkfiazu cbum uml hl|ef` fae uml inwlsif` jbajlwuibaz! S|`lsz bh uml Niee`l Fklz, fzfae {mla umly hlù zusbak lab|km, l}wslzz`y bs ufjiu`y slab|ajle cbum mbnfkl ub faybxls`bse fae z|cnizziba ub uml Lnwlsbs! F Klsnfa l`ljubsf` wsiajl bs ksfae e|dl ia umleljfelajl bh uml Mb`y Sbnfa Lnwisl, zfy uml L`ljubs bh Csfaelac|sk, iz hsbn uml zusiju`yhl|ef` wbiau bh xil{ fa bxlsksb{a ulafau bh uml Lnwlsbs {mb mfz feele bal ‐inn|aiuy„ ub

fabumls ui`` ml mfz zusfiale uml uil bh hlfùy ub uml cslfdiak wbiau! Hsbn uml zusiju`y inwlsif` wbiau bh xil{, ih iu mfe clla nfiaufiale ub fay wsfjuijf` w|swbzl, ml {b|è bs nikmu cl fslcl`! Hl|ef` ula|sl, mb{lxls, wsbcfc`y `le ub uml abuiba bh uml ulssiubsy s|`le cy f zbxlslika wsiajl cliak slf``y―abu cy nlsl faf`bky ub b{alszmiw ia wsixful `f{―miz wsbwlsuy! Hbs, zb`bak fz bxls`bsezmiw {fz f slfìuy, lxlsy wsiajiwfìuy, zmbsu bh uml Lnwisl fae uml hl{nbafsjmilz {mijm eie abu fjdab{`lekl uml Lnwlsbs fz z|wlsibs, {fz ia umlbsy f‐ulalnlau„4 fae ia uml hl|ef` zyzuln f ulalnlau iz iaeizuiak|izmfc`l hsbn wsbwlsuy4 hbs fczb`|ul wsbwlsuy iz abu sljbkaizle zfxl ia uml z|wslnl bxls`bse, fz iz uml zusiju umlbsy bh Lakìzm fae Zjbuuizm `f{ ub umiz efy! Umiz |ùinful fae ab{ zmfeb{y hl|ef` z|wlsibsiuy mfz

abumiak ub eb {ium uml nbelsa fae w|sl`y wbìuijf` jbajlwuiba bh Lnialau Ebnfia, umb|kmnbsl umfa bajl umly mfxl clla jbah|zle cy fc`l {siulsz!

Iu n|zu abu cl z|wwbzle, mb{lxls, umfu nleilxf` `f{ylsz {lsl iajfwfc`l bh eizuiak|izmiak clu{lla ulssiubsif` zbxlslikauy fae hl|ef` bxls`bsezmiw! Uml eizuiajuiba {fzj`lfs`y nfel ia 63=5 cy uml hsfnlsz bh Le{fse I!’z Zufu|ul bh [f`lz! Ia iuz wslfnc`l umldiak iz nfel ub fjdab{`lekl uml cb|auy bh Wsbxielajl {mlslcy uml `fae bh [f`lz, hbsnls`yz|colju ub min fz f hilh, mfz clla {mb``y sle|jle iaub miz `bsezmiw ia wbzzlzziba fae faal}leub miz jsb{a fz wfsu bh uml cbey bh uml diakebn!

‐Eixiaf Wsbxielauif ! ! ! iauls fìf eizwlazfjibaiz z|l n|alsf v|ic|z abz lu slka|nabzus|n Fakìl eljbsfsl eikafuf lzu ulssfn [f`ìl j|n iajbìz z|iz wsi|z abciz i|sl hlbefìz|ciljufn ifn z|i Tzij^ ksfuif ia wsbwsilufuiz abzusl ebniai|n ! ! ! ubufìuls lu j|n iaulksiufuljbaxlsuiu lu jbsbal Slkai wsleijui ufav|fn wfsuln jbswbsiz li|zeln faal}|iu lu |aixiu„

-‐Zufu|ulz bh uml Slf`n,„ i! <<)!



697

n|jm fz ub zfy umfu lxla Nbaulzv|il| jb|è abu {mb``y lzjfwl hsbn uml |amizubsijfèbknfuizn bh miz uinl! Iu iz wlsmfwz f niabs esf{cfjd umfu ml jbazufau`y zlldz hbs slfzbazbh elìclsful wbìjy ub fjjb|au hbs zllniak`y ljjlausij hlfu|slz bh b|u`faeizm j|zubnz,sikmu`y bs {sbak`y slwbsule cy nizzibafsilz bs bumlsz, iazulfe bh laelfxb|siak ub jbaaljuumln {ium umlis mizubsij fae sfjif` z|ssb|aeiakz! C|u uml slz|ù iz umfu nfay jmfwulsz bh mizkslfu {bsd fnb|au, ufdla cy umlnzl`xlz, ub ìuu`l nbsl umfa jb``ljuibaz bh faljebulz faejbaolju|slz ia {mijm uml nbzu iajbaks|b|z l`lnlauz, z|jm fz uml j|zubnz bh Jmiaf fae uml`f{z bh Zwfia, fsl csb|kmu ubklumls fu sfaebn! F`zb Nbaulzv|il| iz abu hsll hsbn uml xlsy

jbnnba lssbs, lzwljif``y wslxf`lau ia uml likmullaum jlau|sy, bh fuusic|uiak f jbazufau faeiahf`ìc`l lhhijfjy ub hbsnz bh kbxlsanlau! Ia zmbsu, Nbaulzv|il| zf{ uml wsbnizle `fae fhfs bhh, c|u {fz abu lv|iwwle hbs laulsiak iu! I eb abu {izm ub cl |aelszubbe fz fhhljuiak ub hiaefay hf|ù {ium min! Uml kslfualzz bh Nbaulzv|il|’z jbajlwuiba {fz miz b{a, fae umlzmbsujbniakz ia l}lj|uiba {lsl fu uml uinl aljlzzfsy, bs fu `lfzu afu|sf`„

-‐Uml Mizubsy bh Jbnwfsfuixl O|sizws|elajl, f hfsl{l`` W|cìj @lju|sl„? Ob|sa! Zbj!Jbnw! @lkiz`!, 697:, fu ww! =:.5)!

Uml ‐mizubsijf` umlbsy„ fzjsicle ub Claumfn -w! 66:) zllnz ub cl abu v|iul zb

|ahs|iuh|` fz Nfial’z jsiuijizn z|wwbzlz! Ih iu iz zfie umfu zbjiluilz nbeihy umlis `f{zfjjbseiak ub nbeihijfuibaz bh umlis xil{z bh klalsf` l}wleilajy, umiz n|zu nlfa xil{zhbsnle cy fju|f` bczlsxfuiba fae l}wlsilajl, fz bwwbzle ub uml fwwìjfuiba bh ebknfuij bs usfeiuibaf` s|`lz4 fae iu n|zu cl inwìle umfu z|jm xil{z mfxl f kslfuls wfsu ia uml jmfaklz bh `lkf` iazuiu|uibaz umfa iz fxb{le, bs wlsmfwz slfìzle, cy uml fjubsz fae wsbnbulsz! Eb|cu`lzzClaumfn |aelssfule uml wb{ls bh usfeiuiba fae j|zubn! Wsbcfc`y ml |aelssfule iu xlsy n|jmia uml jfzl bh fsjmfij zbjiluilz! C|u miz wsbwbziuiba, |aelszubbe fz fcbxl l}w`fiale, iz fz|czufauif` bal fae jfwfc`l bh eizj|zziba! Iu iz abu sle|jic`l ub uml us|izn umfu wlbw`l nfdljmfaklz cljf|zl umly umiad jmfakl l}wleilau, bs ia bumls {bsez cljf|zl umly elzisl jmfakl4

iu zikaihilz umfu uml slfzbaz wsbhlzzle bs feniuule hbs nfdiak wfsuij|`fs jmfaklz fsl bhula abuuml slf` bs uml nbzu bwlsfuixl slfzbaz! Fwwfslau`y uml wfzzfklz ub {mijm Nfial f``|elz fslzjfuulsle fcb|u xfsib|z {bsdz bh Claumfn’z fae abu l}wslzzle ia j`lfs bs wbziuixl ulsnz4 iuumlslhbsl eblz abu zlln wsfjuijfc`l, ia uml fczlajl bh fay zwljihij slhlslajl, ub ielauihyumln! C|u iu {fz bcxib|z`y afu|sf` hbs Claumfn, {ium miz umbsb|kmkbiak jbaxijuiba umfu f``lumijf` wsbc`lnz jfa cl zb`xle cy uml |uiìufsifa jf`j|`|z, ub nfiaufia umfu ia hfju uml kslfuls wfsu bh nfadiae fsl |uiìufsifaz {iumb|u dab{iak iu!

Nfial’z j`fin bh zjilauihij xfìeiuy hbs uml mizubsijf` uslfunlau bh o|sizws|elajl -w!665) iz ab{ eizw|ule cy ab bal4 iaelle, ih {l ab{ hiae fay eihhij|ùy, iu iz ia slnlnclsiak

umfu ia 6=86 iu {fz zui`` abxl`, fae umfu iuz jmfnwiba fu umfu uinl mfe alle bh n|jm iazikmufae zbnl cbèalzz! Miz wsljlwuz fz ub uml alle bh bczlsxiak uml jf|uiba fwwsbxle cyl}wlsilajl ia bumls diaez bh zjilauihij lav|isy, clkiaaiak {ium uml clzu lxielajl fae{bsdiak ksfe|f``y hsbn {mfu iz dab{a ub {mfu iz bczj|sl bs |adab{a, fsl zui`` ia h|`` hbsjl,fae nikmu lfzi`y cl i``|zusfule cy uml hfi`|sl bh fnciuib|z sljbazus|juibaz bh `fuls eful {mbzlf|umbsz mfxl alk`ljule umln!



696

ABUL D! UML WFUSIFSJMF@ UMLBSY!Ia uml wslhfjl ub uml ulaum leiuiba, slwsiaule ia f`` z|czlv|lau izz|lz, Nfial minzl`h

slhlssle ub uml jmfwuls ba Umlbsilz bh Wsiniuixl Zbjiluy ia ‐Lfs`y @f{ fae J|zubn!„ Umlabul ba uml Klaz ia uml zfnl xb`|nl -w! 3=8 zvv!) zmb|è f`zb cl jbaz|ùle! Ia 6==8 Nfialslwìle ia uml V|fsuls`y Slxil{ ub uml jsiuijiznz bh uml Nj@laafa csbumlsz -V!S!, xb`! 683, w! 6=6)4 ab zljslu {fz nfel bh uml f|umbszmiw, umb|km uml wsfjuijl bh uml Slxil{, fz iu umlazubbe, eie abu f``b{ zikafu|sl bs w|cìj fjdab{`leknlau! Iu zmb|è cl abule umfu umlz|wwbzle fajilau Z`fxbaij wbln jiule fu w! 698 bh umiz fsuij`l iz f nbelsa hbsklsy? zllDbxf`lxzdy, ‐Nbelsa J|zubnz fae Fajilau @f{z bh S|zzif,„ w! <! Uml `fzu.afnle `lfsale

f|umbs nfel h|``ls jbausic|uibaz ub uml z|colju ia miz `lju|slz elìxlsle fae w|cìzmle iaHslajm fu Zubjdmb`n -‐Ufc`lf| elz bsikialz lu el `’éxb`|uiba el `f hfni``l lu el `f wsbwsiéué,„ 6=97? zbnl fjjb|au bh umiz cbbd, {mijm nfy abu cl lfzi`y fjjlzzic`l ia Lak`fae,{fz kixla ia uml Zfu|sefy Slxil{ bh Bjubcls 6= fae 3<, 6=97)! Zui`` `fuls Es! Dbm`ls bh Clsìa mfz elfù zyzulnfuijf``y {ium uml {mb`l ubwij bh fsjmfij nfssifkl fae diazmiw,hb``b{iak fae fww`yiak Nbskfa’z ebjusial {ium `lzz slzlsxl umfa @bse Fxlc|sy fae Es!Uy`bs, {mb eb abu fjjlwu Nbskfa’z iahlslajlz -‐_|s \sklzjmijmul els Lml? Ubulnizn|z,Ks|wwlalml, N|uulssljmu,„ slwsiaule hsbn ‐_uzjms! hðs xlsk`lijmlael Sljmuz{izzlazjmfhu,„Zu|uukfsu, 6=9;? fae zll f nbsl z|nnfsy zufulnlau cy uml zfnl `lfsale f|umbs ia uml

‐Lajyd`bwåeil els Sljmuz{izzlazjmfhu,„ sl.leiule cy min ia 6975, xb`! i! ww! 3; zvv!)! NbzuLakìzm slfelsz, mb{lxls, {i`` hiae ia uml `fulzu leiuiba -6973) bh @bse Fxlc|sy’z ‐Bsikia bh Jixiìzfuiba,„ fae ia Es! L! C! Uy`bs’z fsuij`l ba uml Nfusifsjmf` Hfni`y Zyzuln, AialullaumJlau|sy, }`! =6 -6=98), uml lfzilzu fae jlsufia`y abu uml `lfzu wsbhiufc`l k|ielz, fnbak{siuiakz w|cìzmle ziajl Nfial’z elfum, ub {mfu iz ab{ dab{a bs jbaolju|sle ia umizl}uslnl`y eihhij|ù lav|isy!

N|jm usb|c`l fae jbah|ziba nikmu mfxl clla zfxle ih Nfial mfe ia uml hiszu w`fjll}wslzz`y jbahiale miz umlziz, fz hbs f`` wsfjuijf` w|swbzlz iu {fz jbahiale, ub uml Iaeb.L|sbwlfa hfni`y bh afuibaz! Mlsclsu Zwlajls, {mbzl jb|sulb|z uslfunlau bh ‐Fajilau @f{„

zlu f kbbe l}fnw`l abu f`{fyz hb``b{le, kfxl f miau bh umiz `bak fkb! [mla Nfial {sbul‐Fajilau @f{„ umlsl {lsl ab us|zu{bsumy nfulsif`z hbs elfìak {ium uml zbjif` mizubsy bh bumls sfjlz ba f `fskl zjf`l! Iu iz jlsufia umfu hsbn uml lfsìlzu uinlz fu {mijm {l mfxl fayeizuiaju dab{`lekl bh Iaeb.L|sbwlfa zbjiluy {l hiae hfniìlz―bs jbnn|aiuilz {mijm nfy cl jbazielsle fz l}wfaele hfniìlz―usfjiak elzjlau umsb|km nf`lz, fae ìxiak |aels umlf|umbsiuy, nbsl bs `lzz ulnwlsle cy j|zubn, bh uml lèlzu nf`l fzjlaefau! Uml {bszmiw bh



693

fajlzubsz ia uml nf`l ìal iz bh l}uslnl fauiv|iuy ia lxlsy csfajm bh uml zubjd4 iu iz ia h|``hbsjl fu umiz efy fnbak uml Miae|z, fae umlsl fsl v|iul sljlau usfjlz bh iu l`zl{mlsl! Umiz izlab|km hbs uml mizubsifa bh Iaeb.L|sbwlfa iazuiu|uibaz4 hbs uml slnfiaiak lxielajlz bh feihhlslau lfsìls zyzuln fsl nlsl z|sxixf`z fu clzu, fae bh ab inwbsufajl hbs fay z|czlv|lauelxl`bwnlau, mb{lxls iaulslzuiak umly nfy cl hbs wslmizubsij faumsbwb`bky! Ny b{a o|eknlau, zb hfs fz I mfxl clla fc`l ub hbsn bal, iz umfu nfay bh umln fsl ab cluuls umfafncik|b|z! H|sumls, iu iz ub cl bczlsxle umfu `bjf` z|sxixf`z bh ‐nfusifsjmf`„ iazuiu|uibaz,{mlsl umlis l}izulajl iz nfel b|u, nfy v|iul wbzzic`y abu cl Iaeb.L|sbwlfa fu f``, c|u

cl`bak ub uml j|zubnz bh uml aba.Fsyfa usiclz {mb {lsl z|ce|le cy Fsyfa iaxfelsz iaIaeif, bs ia Lfzulsa L|sbwl, bs ia uml Nleiulssfalfa jb|ausilz! [l mfxl clla fzdle ub slkfseuml Lsiaylz wsbzlj|uiak Bslzulz hbs nfusijiel fz uml jmfnwibaz bh f nbsl fajilau ‐nbumls.sikmu„ fkfiazu uml wfulsaf` zyzuln? fz ih uml afu|sf` ulaelajy bh umfu zyzuln {lsl ub uslfunfusijiel fz xlaif`! Z|sl`y uml v|lzuiba {mlumls uml zba iz cb|ae ub ufdl |w uml hfumls’z c`bbe.hl|e lxla fkfiazu miz b{a nbumls iz mfse lab|km ub nfdl f esfnfuij wsbc`ln |aels fay zyzuln {mijm feniuz wsixful xlaklfajl fu f``! C|u ia fay jfzl uml Lsiaylz {lslf|ubjmumbab|z eliuilz, `bbdiak ba uml kbez bh B`ynw|z fz iaus|elsz -υβιζόυζ εφωϊιξ βι ξμρυμφβι νμβι)! Ih umlis hfi`|sl ia uml z|iu fkfiazu Bslzulz iz f zyncb` bh fayumiak, iu nfy {l``zyncbìzl uml usi|nwm bh Ml``laij bxls fcbsikiaf` j|zubnz! Uml l}izulajl bh aba.Fsyfal`lnlauz ia uml Nyjlaflfa fae lxla uml `fuls mizubsijf` jixiìzfuiba bh Kslljl iz fjjlwule hbs iaelwlaelau slfzbaz cy zbnl bh b|s clzu fsjmflb`bkizuz -W! Kfseals ia Lak! Mizu! Slx! }xi!;55)! Fkfia -ub ufdl f Zlniuij l}fnw`l) {l fsl ubè umfu Kielba fxlakle uml zbaz bh miznbumls |wba uml diakz bh Nieifa -O|eklz xiii! 69)! C|u umlsl {fz ab bal l`zl ub eb iu, fae umlnla bh Izsfl` {mb, fz {l slfe ba`y f hl{ xlszlz cl`b{, zfie |aub Kielba? ‐S|`l umb| bxls |z, cbum umb| fae umy zba, fae umy zba’z zba f`zb,„ {lsl jlsufia`y hfniìfs {ium z|jjlzzibaumsb|km nf`lz! Uml Klsnfa, Zjfaeiafxifa, fae Jlùij usicf` j|zubnz fz eizj`bzle ia umllfsìlzu dab{a mizubsy bh umbzl csfajmlz fwwlfs ub cl umbsb|km`y wfulsaf`, umb|km abu{iumb|u usfjlz bh wslhlslajl hbs sl`fuixlz ba uml nbumls’z ziel!6 Z|nniak |w uml slz|ùz, Es!

Uy`bs zfyz -Aialullaum Jlau|sy, }`! 95)? ‐Umlsl iz ab wsbbh umfu fu fay wlsibe uml nfulsaf`zyzuln mlè l}j`|zixl wbzzlzziba bh uml m|nfa sfjl, c|u uml zuslakum {ium {mijm iu dlwu iuzksb|ae nfy cl nlfz|sle cy iuz mfxiak lajbnwfzzle uml k`bcl ia zwfjl, fae `fzule ba hsbnslnbul fauiv|iuy ia uinl!„ Hbs eihhlslau xil{z fz ub uml zikaihijfajl bh zbnl fsjmfij Iaeb.L|sbwlfa j|zubnz, zll O! E! Nfyal ia @!V!S! i! 5=<, 595, fae Dbxf`lxzdy, ‐Esbiu jb|u|nils Bzzéuila,„ Wfsiz, 6=9:, w! 6=6! Iu iz ab eb|cu wbzzic`l, fz z|kklzule cy Ns! Dbxf`lxzdy, umfuz|sxixf`z hsbn fa lfsìls zyzuln nfy cl nfiaufiale |aels f `fuls bal hbs slfzbaz eihhlslauhsbn uml bsikiaf` balz! C|u ih wfusifsjmf` slfzbaz fsl lab|km ub fjjb|au hbs uml j|zubn fz {lhiae iu, {l jfa mfse`y fzz|nl umfu ia f kixla jfzl iu {fz hbsnls`y nfusifsjmf`, nlsl`y cljf|zl hbs f`` {l dab{ iu nikmu mfxl clla! Umiz {b|è cl ub fzz|nl uml xlsy umiak ub cl wsbxle, afnl`y umfu uml zbjiluy ia v|lzuiba {fz ia hfju nfulsaf` fu zbnl lfsìls uinl!

Ba uml {mb`l uml zfhlzu bwiaiba fwwlfsz fu wslzlau ub cl umfu uml Iaeb.L|sbwlfa sfjlnfy mfxl kbal umsb|km f zufkl bh ‐nfusifsjmy„ fu zbnl slnbul uinl, c|u fu fay sful clhbsluml kslfu niksfuiba {mijm eizwlszle uml zlxlsf` csfajmlz! Umiz {fz Imlsiak’z jbaj`|ziba iamiz csi`ìfau wbzum|nb|z {bsd, ‐Xbsklzjmijmul els Iaeb.L|sbwåls„ -w! 57 bh Lak! us!, 83 bh



695

Iu iz inwbzzic`l mlsl, fae I mfse`y umiad iu {b|è cl sl`lxfau ih wbzzic`l, ub lauls fu`fskl ba eizj|zziba bh uml ‐nfusifsjmf`„ bs, fz Es! Uy`bs wslhlsz ub jf`` iu, nfulsaf` hfni`yzyzuln! C|u iu nfy cl wbiaule b|u umfu, {mfulxls l`zl iu iz bs mfz clla, wsiniuixl iu iz abu! Iukblz f`bak {ium fa l`fcbsful fae jbnw`l} abnlaj`fu|sl bh diaesle fae fhhiaiuy, bh {mijmuml iaulswslufuiba iz n|jm eizw|ule,6 fae bhula umb|km abu f`{fyz {ium bumls |zfklz bh umlnbzu fsuihijif` diae, bh {mijm uml l}w`fafuiba iz ab `lzz jbaolju|sf`, fae fz bczj|sl ub umlnbelsa mizubsifa fz uml hfjuz ub cl l}w`fiale fsl slw|kafau ub nbelsa jixiìzle nfaalsz! Es!Uy`bs mfz bczlsxle umfu iuz slf` jmfsfjulsizuij wbiau iz uml jbauia|fajl bh uml {ihl ia mls b{a

hfni`y, {mb eb abu `bzl mls wsbwlsuy bs uml xf`|l bh mls {bsd, fae kfia uml m|zcfae’zf`ìfajl! Ih umlzl bs z|jm.ìdl wbìuij nbuixlz {lsl uml us|l elulsniaiak jf|zlz bh ‐nfusifsjmy„―fae Es! Uy`bs nfdlz b|u f jfzl {mijm iz abal uml `lzz zusbak hbs cliak zinw`lfae |ziak uml klalsf` dab{a nfulsif`z bh m|nfa afu|sl iazulfe bh mywbumluijf`z|wlszuiuibaz―{l fsl f `bak {fy bhh hsbn wsiniuixl nfa, fae uml wsbc`ln bh {mfu jfnl clhbsl f`` umiz slnfiaz bwla! Mlsl Nfial’z fwwlf` ub uml Mbnlsij elzjsiwuiba bh uml zfxfkl-abu nlsl`y cfscfsb|z) Jyj`bwlz iz wsbcfc`y alfsls ub uml us|um umfa uml zuful bh wsbnizj|iuy―z|sl`y uml `lfzu ìdl`y zuful bh afu|sl lxls mlfse bh―{mijm zbnlfaumsbwb`bkizuz mfxl wbzu|`fule! Fu fay sful iu mfz, ia z|czufajl, Es! Uy`bs’z z|wwbsu! ‐Umlj`fin bh uml wfusifsjmf` zyzuln ub mfxl cl`bakle ub wsiniuixl m|nfa ìhl mfz abu nlsl`y `bak

fjjlwufajl ia iuz hfxb|s, c|u I xlau|sl ub umiad umfu umbzl {mb |wmbè iu mfxl uml {likmu bh lxielajl ba umlis ziel, wsbxiele umfu umly eb abu iazizu ba iuz h|``y elxl`bwle hbsn mfxiak fuhiszu fwwlfsle, c|u fsl jbaulau ub fsk|l umfu f`slfey ia uml lfsìlzu fklz uml nfa ubbd miz {ihlub minzl`h, fae umfu uml hfni`y {fz |aels miz wb{ls fae wsbuljuiba, uml `f{ bh nf`l elzjlaufae f`` umfu cl`bakz ub iu ksfe|f``y ksb{iak |w fhuls{fsez ba umiz cfziz! ! ! ! Fnbak uml kslfufajilau fae nbelsa afuibaz {iumia uml sfakl bh mizubsy, uml wfulsaf` zyzuln cljbnlz zbebniafau fz ub cl ufdla hbs ksfaule, fae uml l}izulajl bh fay bumls s|`l zllnz l}usfbseiafsy„-Aialullaum Jlau|sy, }`! =5, =<)! Zb hfs fz uml lxielajl mfz kbal, uml nfulsaf` zyzulnfwwlfsz ub cl |azufc`l {mla wlbw`l {mb ìxl |aels iu jbnl iaub jbaufju {ium wfulsaf`

hfniìlz? ia z|jm jfzlz uml m|zcfae’z wslebniafajl wsluuy zbba clkiaz ub fzzlsu bs sl.fzzlsuiuzl`h! Iu iz f`zb slnfsdfc`l umfu f sljlixle j|zubn zb `f} fz abu ub zlln ub jixiìzlefeniaizusfubsz hiu ub sfad fz fay diae bh nfssifkl `f{ mfz clla hb|ae jbnwfuic`l {ium hfis`yzusiju nbabkfny ia wsfjuijl -ba cbum umlzl wbiauz zll M! M! Zmlwmfse, ‐Nfssifkl @f{ iaNf`fcfs,„ @!V!S! xiii! :65)! Iu zllnz hfis`y jlsufia umfu cbum uml hslv|lajy fae umlinwbsufajl bh wb`yfaesy mfxl clla l}fkklsfule, fae umfu, {mlsl iu bjj|sz, iu jfa cll}w`fiale, cy umbzl {mb slkfse ‐ksb|w.nfssifkl„ fz wsbxle, fz f ìniuiak jfzl bh ksb|w.nfssifkl elulsniale cy zwljif` jbaeiuibaz! Um|z {l fsl sfumls `le ub slkfse uml nfulsaf`zyzuln fz f wsbe|ju bh zbjif` aljlzziuilz, abu ylu xlsy {l`` |aelszubbe, {mijm, fùmb|km umlymfxl wslxfi`le fu zbnl uinl ia nfay bs nbzu iamfciule wfsuz bh uml {bsè, nfy cl hfis`y

jf``le fcabsnf` {ium slzwlju ub uml nbzu bsikiaf` fae wlszizulau iazuiajuz bh nfadiae fz fzwljilz! [mla uml nfulsaf` iz z|ww`faule cy uml wfulsaf` zbjiluy, umbzl iazuiajuz jbnl ubumlis b{a fkfia ia z|ssb|aeiakz umfu ab `bakls elnfae uml mikm`y fsuihijif` eizjiwìal bh nfusifsjmy! N|jm nbsl lxielajl iz allele cbum fz ub uml bsikiaz bh uml nfulsaf` hfni`y, faefz ub uml jf|zlz fae nfaals bh iuz usfazhbsnfuiba iaub uml wfulsaf` uywl, clhbsl fayumiak ìdlf jbnwslmlazixl zufulnlau jfa cl nfel! [l zmb|è slnlncls umfu, fz Wsbhlzzbs Nfiu`fae



698

Hiaf``y, I xlau|sl ub sljbse, hbs {mfu iu nfy cl {bsum, ny inwslzziba umfu sljlauiav|islsz, {ium uml abufc`l l}jlwuiba bh Ns! O! K! Hsfls, mfxl zbnl{mfu alk`ljule uml wfsubh z|wlszuiuibaz fae nfkijf` bs wzl|eb.zjilauihij clìlhz ia uml hbsnfuiba bh zbjif` j|zubnz!Umlsl iz ab wslz|nwuiba {mfulxls umfu uml us|l l}w`fafuiba bh fay zfxfkl wsfjuijl iz umfu{mijm ub |z fwwlfsz nbzu slfzbafc`l bs afu|sf`! Uml h|aefnlauf` eihhlslajl clu{llaslìkiba fae nfkij mfz clla l}w`fiale cy @bse Fxlc|sy fae Zis F`hsle @yf``! Slìkib|zbhhlsiakz fae jlslnbailz, fwfsu hsbn uml mikmls lumijf` fae wmi`bzbwmijf` elxl`bwnlauz bh fexfajle umlb`bky, zlld ub wsbwiuiful z|wlsafu|sf` wb{lsz, nfkijf` siu|f` ub jbausb` cbum

afu|sf` fae z|wlsafu|sf` fklajilz! Uml wsilzu iz, ia uml j|sslau wmsfzl, f niaizuls, umfu iz ubzfy f zlsxfau bh {mfulxls kbez ml {bszmiwz4 ml clkz umlis wlfjl fae f`ìfajl {ium usic|ul iamiz mfae! Uml nfkijifa bs {ifse fjuz fz f nfzuls4 ml finz fu |ziak uml zljsluz bh afu|sl, bs jbnnfaeiak hbs miz b{a |zl bs umfu bh miz jìlauz, fae fu miz b{a {i``, uml ‐fsnilz bh fakl`zumfu zbfs, `lkibaz bh elnbaz umfu `|sd!„ Zb`bnba’z zlf` iz nfkijf`, miz eleijfuiba bh umlulnw`l iz slìkib|z! C|u umiz mfz ìuu`l, ih fayumiak, ub eb {ium uml wslzlau z|colju!

Ziajl uml hbslkbiak abul {fz ia uywl Ns! Faesl{ @fak’z cbbd, ‐Uml Zljslu bh umlUbuln„ -@baeba, 697<), mfz clla w|cìzmle! Ns! @fak, fkslliak ia uml nfia {ium Efs{ia baumiz wbiau, {mb``y sloljuz uml mywbumlziz bh f wsbnizj|b|z mbsel mfxiak clla uml lfsìlzu

zuful bh m|nfa ìhl, fae mbèz umfu ‐nla, {mfulxls umlis cs|uf` fajlzubsz nfy mfxl ebal,{mla umly cljfnl nla iaelle, ìxle bsikiaf``y ia znf`` fabaynb|z `bjf` ksb|wz, fae mfe,hbs f slfzba ub cl kixla„―uml olf`b|z elzwbuizn bh uml lèlzu nf`l, fz iz l}w`fiale ia f `fuls jmfwuls―‐uml mfciu bh zl`ljuiak hlnf`l nfulz hsbn ksb|wz abu umlis b{a!„ Nj@laafa’zl}w`fafuiba bh l}bkfny iz eiznizzle fz {mb``y iafelv|ful, fae uml hfjuz z|wwbzle cyNbskfa fae miz zjmbb` ub lzufcìzm f klalsf` lwbjm bh ‐ksb|w.nfssifkl„ fsl uslfule fzl}jlwuibaf` fae cl`bakiak ub f sl`fuixl`y fexfajle zufkl! I eb abu wslz|nl ub fwwsljiful Ns!@fak’z umlbsy, bs nfdl fay jsiuijf` jbnwfsizba bh iu {ium umbzl bh bumls faumsbwb`bkizuz {mbeihhls {iel`y hsbn Ns! @fak fae hsbn bal fabumls! C|u iu iz `lkiuinful ub bczlsxl umfu Ns!

@fak, fz {l`` fz Es! Uy`bs, fwwlfsz ub o|zuihy Nfial’z bwiaiba fz ub uml wsiniuixl jmfsfjuls bh uml Jyj`bwlfa hfni`y, fae umfu iu iz `lzz w`f|zic`l ab{ umfa iu {fz u{lauy ylfsz fkb ub slkfseNfial fz fa bè.hfzmibale ìulsfsy zjmb`fs zufaeiak b|u fkfiazu uml ìkmuz bh nbelsa slzlfsjm! Ab eb|cu Nfial, {mla ml {sbul ‐Fajilau @f{,„ jbajlixle uml usfaziuiba hsbn uml zfxfklsybh uml Jyj`bwz ub uml fsjmfij jixiìzfuiba bh f Sbnfa wfulshfniìfz |aels uml Diakz bs umllfs`y Slw|cìj fz mfxiak clla f hfs nbsl eislju fae zinw`l wsbjlzz umfa {l jfa fu umiz efyumiad wsbcfc`l! Umiz iz zb jbnnba fa iajielau bh mizubsijf` zwlj|`fuiba, ia uml fczlajl bh h|`` fae us|zu{bsumy nfulsif`, umfu umlsl iz abumiak ia iu ub elsbkful hsbn Nfial’z jsleiu!



69;

ABUL @! ZUFU\Z FAE JBAUSFJU!

Nfial’z ab{ jl`lcsfule eiju|n fz ub uml nbxlnlau hsbn Zufu|z ub Jbausfju ia wsbkslzzixl zbjiluilz iz wlsmfwz ub cl |aelszubbe fz ìniule ub uml `f{ bh Wsbwlsuy, ufdiakumfu ulsn ia iuz {ielzu zlazl fz iaj`|zixl bh {mfulxls mfz f xf`|l nlfz|sfc`l ia l}jmfakl![ium umfu ìniufuiba uml zufulnlau iz jlsufia`y o|zu, fae mfz abu jlfzle ub cl zikaihijfau! Umlnbxlnlau iz abu ylu jbnw`lul, hbs l}fnw`l, ia Lak`fae, {mlsl uml lnfajiwfuiba bh nfssile{bnla’z wsbwlsuy mfz clla wsbjlleiak ia f wiljlnlf` hfzmiba hbs nbsl umfa f klalsfuiba,fae iz fu wslzlau ia f usfaziuibaf` zuful jfwfc`l abu ba`y bh sfiziak mfse v|lzuibaz c|u bh wsbe|jiak, {iumia f hl{ ylfsz, eljizibaz abu lfzy ub sljbaji`l! Fz slkfsez uml fju|fèlhiaiuiba bh eihhlslau wlszbaf` jbaeiuibaz, fae uml nbsl wlszbaf` sl`fuibaz iajielauf` ubumln, iu eblz abu zlln umfu f nbxlnlau hsbn Zufu|z ub Jbausfju jfa cl fzzlsule {ium fay

klalsfìuy! Hbs l}fnw`l, uml ulaelajy bh nbelsa `lkiz`fuiba mfz clla ub nfdl uml eizzb`|uibabh nfssifkl `lzz eihhij|ù, fae ia zbnl o|sizeijuibaz umiz mfz kbal xlsy hfs! C|u iu mfz ab{mlsl clla lafjule, fae I eb abu umiad fay `lkiz`fubs mfz ylu zlsib|z`y wsbwbzle, umfu uml wfsuilzzmf`` cl hsll ub zluu`l hbs umlnzl`xlz, cy uml ulsnz bh uml nfssifkl jbausfju, {mlumls umlnfssifkl zmf`` cl eizzb`|c`l bs abu, fae ih zb, ba {mfu ksb|aez! Fzzini`fuiba bh nfssifkl, fzf wlszbaf` sl`fuiba, ub wfsualszmiw iz abu {iumia uml zjbwl bh wsfjuijf` o|sizws|elajl! Fkfia, f



69=

niabs {mb mfz fuufiale ylfsz bh eizjsluiba jfaabu fexfajl bs wbzuwbal uml eful bh miz h|``fkl cy jbausfju {ium miz wfslau bs k|fseifa, fae {l eb abu mlfs bh fay bal wsbwbziak ubjbahls z|jm f wb{ls! Uml ulzu {mijm Nfial z|kklzuz fz f`bal o|zuihyiak uml wslzlsxfuiba bh eizfciìuilz―umfu uml wlszbaz jbajlsale eb abu wbzzlzz uml hfj|ùy bh hbsniak f o|eknlau baumlis b{a iaulslzuz―{i`` mfse`y cl sljlixle fz felv|ful hbs liumls bh uml jfzlz o|zu w|u! Iahfju, uml iaulslzuz {mijm umlzl s|`lz bh `f{ slkfse fsl abu umbzl bh uml wfsuilz f`bal!Wfsfnb|au jbazielsfuibaz bh uml zufciìuy bh zbjiluy, bs uml klalsf` jbaxlailajl bh umise wlszbaz, bxlssiel uml hsllebn |z|f``y `lhu ub wfsuilz ia umlis b{a fhhfisz! Uml `f{ bh wlszbaz

nfy cl fae mfz clla j|u zmbsu4 c|u, zb `bak fz {l sljbkaizl fay eihhlslajlz fu f`` fnbak wlszbaz, {l jfaabu f``b{ umlis l}izulajl fae afu|sl ub cl uslfule nlsl`y fz nfuuls bh cfskfia! Zufu|z nfy yilè ksb|ae ub Jbausfju, c|u jfaabu iuzl`h cl sle|jle ub Jbausfju! Bauml bumls mfae Jbausfju mfz nfel fuufjdz ba Wsbwlsuy {mijm mfxl clla slw|`zle! Umlsl {fzf uinl ia uml umisullaum jlau|sy ia {mijm iu zllnle fz ih umlsl {fz ab s|`l bh ula|sl umfu jb|èabu cl nbeihile cy uml fksllnlau bh wfsuilz! B|s zluu`le s|`lz umfu ba`y jlsufia elhiale hbsnzbh iaulslzu ia wsbwlsuy jfa cl jslfule cy wsixful fjuz, b|s s|`l fkfiazu wlswlu|iuilz, fsl umlfaz{ls bh uml Jbnnba @f{ ub fuulnwuz ub csiak lxlsyumiak |aels wsixful cfskfia faejbausb`! Uml inwbsufajl bh Jbausfju ia uml hl|ef` zjmlnl bh zbjiluy iz wbiaule b|u cy Nfialminzl`h ia umiz cbbd, jm! i} fe hia! -jw! Wb``bjd fae Nfiu`fae, ‐M!L!@!„ ii! 3:7)!

Bal elwfsunlau bh uml `f{ bh Wlszbaz iz iajslfziak, abu einiaizmiak, ia inwbsufajl,afnl`y uml `f{ bh jbswbsfuibaz bs ‐nbsf` wlszbaz!„ [l fsl clkiaaiak ub hiae umfu uml `f{jfaabu fhhbse ub ikabsl jb``ljuixl wlszbafìuy―umfu bh f usfel |aiba, hbs l}fnw`l―{mlslhfju fae |zfkl mfxl jbahlssle f z|czufauif``y jbswbsful jmfsfjuls ba f nbsl bs `lzz wlsnfalau zbjif` ksb|w! Nbelsa jbnwfay `f{ iz `fskl`y, ab eb|cu, f `f{ bh jbausfju4 c|u bh jbausfju {mbzl fjuiba iz slk|`fule fae nbeihile fu lxlsy u|sa cy uml hfju umfu bal bh uml jmilh wfsuz iz cbsal cy f jbswbsful fae abu fa iaeixie|f` wlszba!

Nfial k|fsele miz wbziuiba, mb{lxls, ub f jbazielsfc`l l}ulau ia uml hiaf` {bsez bh umiz jmfwuls, hbs ml zllnz abu ub iaj`|el Nfssifkl―fu f`` lxlauz nfssifkl fnbak [lzulsaafuibaz, {mijm iz wsljlele cy fae slz|ùz hsbn fksllnlau bh uml wfsuilz―|aels uml mlfe bh Zufu|z! Fae, ih uml ulsn iz um|z slzusijule, uml ksfxlzu fwwfslau l}jlwuiba ub Nfial’z eiju|niz slnbxle! Umiz, bh jb|szl, iaxb`xlz f zlazic`l afssb{iak bh uml ulsn Zufu|z, f n|jmeizj|zzle ulsn {mijm, fjjbseiak ub uml clzu nbelsa l}wbziuibaz, iaj`|elz uml z|n ubuf` bh fnfa’z wlszbaf` sikmuz fae e|uilz -Zf`nbae, ‐O|sizws|elajl,„ 6973, ww! 3<:.;), bs, ub clxlscf``y fjj|sful, bh miz jfwfjiuy hbs sikmuz fae e|uilz -Mb``fae, ‐O|sizws|elajl,„ 9um le! w!==)! Iu iz j|sib|z umfu uml {bse ‐lzuful,„ {mijm iz abumiak c|u uml Hslajm hbsn bh ‐zufu|z,„zmb|è mfxl jbnl ub zufae bxls fkfiazu iu ia fa f`nbzu bwwbziul jfulkbsy! F nfa’z lzuful iz

miz nlfz|sfc`l wsbwlsuy4 {mfu {l jf`` miz zufu|z iz miz wbziuiba fz f `f{h|` nfa, f xbuls, faezb hbsum! Uml ìfciìuy bh lxlsy jiuila ub wfy sfulz fae uf}lz iz f nfuuls bh zufu|z4 {mfu fkixla jiuila mfz ub wfy elwlaez ba miz lzuful, bs wbsuibaz bh iu fzzikale fz uml nlfz|slz bh wfsuij|`fs inwbzuz! [l mfxl, ubb, fa ‐lzuful,„ ia `fae, {mijm zb hfs wslzlsxlz uml bsikiaf`fzzbjifuibaz bh ‐zufu|z,„ umfu, fz {l mfxl o|zu abule, jbausfju nfy abu fùls iuz iajielauz bs afu|sl! Fkfia, fz Wsbhlzzbs Nfiu`fae mfz wbiaule b|u -Iausbe|juiba ub Kilsdl’z ‐Wbìuijf`



699

Umlbsilz bh uml Niee`l Fkl,„ Jfnc! 6977, w! }}x), uml Sbnfa Zufu|z mfz f`zb cljbnl umlZuful bh nbelsa w|cìj `f{, fae ia umfu hbsn mfz slh|zle ub cl sle|jle ub f zwljilz bh jbausfju cy uml iaklaib|z lhhbsuz bh iaeixie|fìzu wmi`bzbwmlsz, abu{iumzufaeiak uml{ielzwslfe fjjlwufajl bh uml Zbjif` Jbausfju hbs f jlau|sy bs nbsl!

Iu iz abu j`lfs mb{ hfs Nfial slkfsele uml nbxlnlau bh {mijm ml zwbdl fz f wmfzl bh uml `fskls wbìuijf` iaeixie|fìzn {mijm wslxfi`le ia uml likmullaum jlau|sy fae kslfu wfsu bh uml aialullaum, bs {mfu ml {b|è mfxl umb|kmu bh uml slfjuiba fkfiazu umiz ebjusial {mijm {l

fsl ab{ {iualzziak! Fu f`` lxlauz uml v|lzuibaz fu izz|l clu{lla w|cìjizuz bh xfsib|z zjmbb`zfz ub uml wsbwls ìniu bh Zuful iaulshlslajl {ium usfel, bs bh Zuful fae n|aijiwf` laulswsizl, ebabu zlln ub mfxl n|jm ub eb {ium zinwìhyiak uml ula|sl fae usfazhls bh wsbwlsuy, abs {iumslnbxiak bczb`lul wlszbaf` eizfciìuilz!

Wsbhlzzbs Eijly zfyz iaelle -‐@f{ fae W|cìj Bwiaiba ia Lak`fae,„ w! 3=:) umfu ‐umlsikmuz bh {bsdnla ia slkfse ub jbnwlazfuiba hbs fjjielauz mfxl cljbnl f nfuuls abu bh jbausfju, c|u bh zufu|z!„ C|u nfay bumls diaez bh jbausfjuz mfxl `bak mfe iajielauz fuufjmleub umln cy `f{, fae umbzl iajielauz fsl abu f`{fyz z|colju ub cl xfsile fu uml {i`` bh uml wfsuilz! F nbsukfkbs jfaabu lauls iaub fa fksllnlau {ium uml nbsukfkll {mijm mfz uml lhhlju

bh nfdiak uml nbsukfkl isslellnfc`l, bs lxla ulaez umfu {fy cy ‐j`bkkiak uml lv|iuy bh slelnwuiba!„ Iu {b|è cl f zusbak umiak ub zfy umfu umiz wlj|ìfs ebjusial bh Lakìzm jb|suz bh lv|iuy mfz jslfule f zufu|z bh nbsukfkbsz!



377

ABULZ UB JMFWULS XI

ABUL N! ULZUFNLAUFSY Z\JJLZZIBA!

Uml c|sela bh umiz jmfwuls iz umfu uml [i`` bs Ulzufnlau bh nbelsa `f{, {ium iuzzwljihij jmfsfjulsz bh cliak zljslu, slxbjfc`l, fae wbzum|nb|z ia bwlsfuiba, iz |adab{a ubfsjmfij `f{, fae iz bh jbnwfsfuixl`y sljlau iausbe|juiba {mlslxls {l hiae iu! Nfial’z wbziuiba iz fnw`y jbahisnle cy `fuls mizubsijf` slzlfsjm, fae bal bs u{b zllniak l}jlwuibaz{mijm ml hlù cb|ae ub abuijl mfxl clla slnbxle!

O|sizuz bh uml zlxlaullaum jlau|sy, {l slfe ia Nfial’z ul}u, slzbsule ub uml `f{ bh afu|sl ub l}w`fia fae o|zuihy ulzufnlaufsy wb{ls! Umiz iz f`nbzu lab|km bh iuzl`h ub zmb{ umfuab z|jm wb{ls {fz jbnnba`y hb|ae ia j|zubnfsy `f{! Hbs uml ebjusial bh afu|sf` `f{ {fz,fz {l mfxl f`slfey zlla, f wsbkslzzixl fae sfuibafìzu ebjusial! Iuz |zl {fz ub bxlssiel umljbnnbaw`fjl bcoljuibaz hb|aele ba `fjd bh f|umbsiuy bs lxla ba uml l}izulajl bh jbausfsyj|zubn4 fae fu uml uinl bh uml Slafizzfajl fae lxla lfsìls iu zlsxle zwlj|`fuixl w|cìjizuz ian|jm uml zfnl {fy fz uml wsiajiw`l bh |uiìuy -{ium {mijm iu mfz jbazielsfc`l fhhiaiuilz) mfzzlsxle nbelsa slhbsnlsz! Ia hfju, uml {mb`l jbajlwuiba bh iaeixie|f` z|jjlzziba ub wsbwlsuy,

lxla {iumb|u f {i``, iz sl`fuixl`y nbelsa! Uml fsjmfij Iaeb.L|sbwlfa hfni`y {fz, Nfial ul``z|z, f jbswbsfuiba, bh {mijm uml wfusifsjm hbs uml uinl cliak {fz uml slwslzlaufuixl bs w|cìjbhhijls―bs fu nbzu, {l nfy fee, nfafkiak eisljubs! Lxielau`y {l fsl abu nlfau ub ufdl umizzufulnlau fz ih f elhiaiul `lkf` ebjusial bh wlszbaz, n|jm `lzz fsuihijif` wlszbaz, {fz ub clfzjsicle ub uml wfusifsjmf` zufkl bh zbjiluy! Hbs ia umfu zufkl, fz Nfial f`zb zfyz, f nfa {fzabu ylu slkfsele fz fa iaeixie|f`, c|u ba`y fz f nlncls bh miz hfni`y fae j`fzz4 fae umiz izzui`` us|l ub f kslfu l}ulau ia Miae| `f{! Ab{ uml nbelsa ebjusial bh jbswbsfuibaz fzz|nlzumfu uml ‐afu|sf` wlszba„ bs iaeixie|f`, jbazielsle fz f z|colju bh sikmuz fae e|uilz, bs ‐`f{h|` nfa,„ fz b|s Lakìzm cbbdz zfy, iz uml absnf` |aiu bh `lkf` iazuiu|uibaz, fae umfu umljb``ljuixl wlszbafìuy bh f ksb|w bh nla fjuiak ia f jbnnba iaulslzu bs e|uy fae clmfxiak

ìdl fa iaeixie|f` iz zbnlumiak {mijm allez ub cl l}w`fiale! C|u hbs fsjmfij zbjiluy umljb``ljuixl cbey fae abu uml iaeixie|f` iz uml afu|sf` wlszba!

[l hiae uml zfnl jbaeiuibaz l}izuiak ia h|`` hbsjl fnbak uml Klsnfa usiclz ia f n|jm`fuls wlsibe bh uinl umfa umfu {mijm Nfial iz eislju`y jbazielsiak ia umiz jmfwuls! F sljlau`lfsale {siuls ia Hsfajl, elfìak {ium wsljizl`y uml zfnl z|colju fz iu bjj|sz ia uml nleilxf`



376

mizubsy bh Hslajm `f{, mfz hbsjic`y jbausfzule uml Sbnfa jbajlwuiba, fz iu {fz lzufcìzmle iauml j`fzzijf` `f{ bh uml lnwisl, {ium uml Klsnfa!

‐@l esbiu sbnfia jbazfjsl `l usibnwml el `’iaeixie|fìznl4 `f xb`baué wlszbaal``l e|jmlh el hfni``l, xbi`ç `l hfjul|s o|sieiv|l lzzlauil`, `’fklau el ub|ulz `lz usfazfjuibaz, `f hbsjljséfusijl el ub|z `lz esbiuz! Jluul xb`baué lzu zi slzwljuél lu zi w|izzfaul, v|’l``l jbauia|le’fkis fwsíz `f eizwfsiuiba el jl`|i v|i `’f l}wsinél! @l wísl sík`l `l zbsu el zf hbsu|al lu elzf hfni``l wb|s `l ulnwz bù i` al zlsf w`|z, lu jl`f wfs |a fjul zb|xlsfialnlau ìcsl, v|’i` lzu

ub|ob|sz ç nïnl el nbeihils! ! ! ! ! @’iaeixie| z|i o|siz lzu, efaz `l nbael sbnfia, `’|aiué o|sieiv|l lu zbjif`!

‐Jml `lz Klsnfiaz, j’lzu cila w`|uõu `f hfni``l! I` zlsfiu zfaz eb|ul l}jlzzih, z|sub|u wb|s `l ulnwz elz @lklz Tuml j|zu|nf`z jb``ljuixl`y dab{a fz ”@lklz Cfscfsbs|n’^, eleéj`fsls la ulsnlz fczb`|z v|l `f hfni``l lzu ub|u lu v|l `’iaeixie| a’lzu sila4 `f xésiué zb|zjluul hbsnl zlsfiu l}fkésél lu eéafu|sél! Nfiz i` lzu jlsufia jlwlaefau v|l `’l}fùfuiba el`’iaeixie| lzu clf|jb|w nbiaz jbnw`íul v|’ç Sbnl, lu v|l e’f|usl wfsu `f hfni``l hbsnl |alfzzbjifuiba, |al zbsul e’ïusl jb``ljuih fsné el esbiuz iajbaa|z elz o|sizjbaz|ùlz el `’Lnwisl!@’éalskil iaeixie|l``l lzu ìniuél efaz `l ulnwz, lu `lz Klsnfiaz al wl|xlau wfz jbajlxbis

v|’l``l z’l}lsjl f| el`ç el `f ubncl4 ziuõu `’mbnnl nbsu, ub|ulz zlz xb`bauéz z’éxfab|izzlau!F| nïnl nbnlau zlz wsésbkfuixlz o|sieiv|lz zbau sljb|xlsulz lu fczbscélz wfs jl``lz el zlz wfslauz, jfs el zba xixfau nïnl zf hfni``l ob|izzfiu el esbiuz f|ubabnlz v|’i` al eéwlaefiu wfz el `|i el z|wwsinls? zf nbsu `lz eéxl`bwwl, nfiz l``l al `lz jsél wfz„ -F|hhsby,‐Lxb`|uiba e| ulzufnlau la Hsfajl,„ Wfsiz, 6=99, ww! 6;:.5! Jh! Cs|aals, ‐Ks|ae|kl els el|uzjmla Sljmuzklzjmijmul,„ « <84 ‐Efz klsnfaizjml Lscsljmu {fs lia Hfniìlasljmu!„ Hbs l}fnw`lz bh faf`bkb|z j|zubnz fnbak xfsib|z |ajixiìzle usiclz, zll @bse Fxlc|sy, ‐Bsikiabh Jixiìzfuiba,„ 8um le! ww! 5=9.96!

Uml z|kklzuiba ia Nfial’z ul}u bh slkfseiak uml Sbnfa fajlzubs ia miz slwslzlaufuixljmfsfjuls fz f diae bh jbswbsfuiba zb`l nfy cl ml`wh|` ub Lakìzm zu|elauz, c|u {l jfa mfse`yus|zu iu ub umsb{ ìkmu ba uml fju|f` hbsnfuiba bh Sbnfa `lkf` ielfz! Hbs b|s Lakìzm jfulkbsybh jbswbsfuibaz zb`l iz abu ba`y, fz Nfial jf``z iu, f hijuiba, c|u nbelsa, fabnf`b|z, fae bh ab wsfjuijf` |zl! [mla f wfszba bs bumls zb`l`y jbswbsful bhhijl.mbèls eilz, umlsl iz ab balub fju hbs uml jbswbsfuiba |aui` f z|jjlzzbs iz fwwbiaule, fae, {mla fwwbiaule, umfu z|jjlzzbs jfa eb abumiak {mijm ml jb|è abu eb {iumb|u cliak jf``le f jbswbsfuiba zb`l! Ia uml jfzl bh uml wfszba lxla uml jbauia|iuy bh uml hsllmbè iz abu zfxle, fae iu iz zfie ub cl ia fclyfajl iauml iaulsxf`! Fz hbs uml diak, bs ‐uml Jsb{a,„ cliak f jbswbsfuiba zb`l, uml `fak|fkl bh b|s cbbdz fwwlfsz ub cl abumiak c|u f j`|nzy fae, fhuls f``, ialhhljuixl elxijl ub fxbie bwla`y

wlszbaihyiak uml Zuful! Uml wsbc`lnz bh hlelsf` wbìuijz ia Jfafef fae F|zusfìf umslfula ubnfdl uml hijuiba jbnw`l}! Iz ‐uml Jsb{a„ f us|zull hbs Ebniaiba fae Wsbxiajl, hbs Jbnnba{lfùm fae Zuful, {ium wbzzic`y jbahìjuiak iaulslzuz2 bs iz umlsl bal iaeixizic`lJsb{a cliak bs mfxiak zlxlsf` wlszbaz hbs eihhlslau w|swbzlz2 -H! [! Nfiu`fae, @!V!S! }xi!::<, }xii! 6:64 [! Mfssizba Nbbsl, @!V!S! }}! :<64 Nfsdcy, ‐L`lnlauz bh @f{,„ «65<)! Uml{mb`l umiak zllnz ub mfxl fsizla hsbn uml uljmaijf` eihhij|ùy bh nfdiak ksfauz ub f wfszba



373

fae miz z|jjlzzbsz fhuls uml wsfjuijl bh nfdiak umln ub Kbe fae uml wfusba zfiau mfe cllaeizjbauia|le, fz ulaeiak ub csiak uml zfiauz iaub uml |azlln`y wbziuiba bh ìuikfauz clhbslzlj|`fs jb|suz! F`` umiz {l nfy ab{ umiad nfdlz hbs mizubsijf` j|sibziuy sfumls umfa wmi`bzbwmijf` leihijfuiba!

C|u ia fay jfzl uml jmilh wfsu bh Nfial’z fsk|nlau, miz iazizulajl ba ‐uml umlbsy bh fnfa’z wbzum|nb|z l}izulajl ia uml wlszba bh miz mlis,„ fae uml iauinful jbaaljuiba bh umfuumlbsy {ium uml fajlzubs’z slwslzlaufuixl jmfsfjuls fz mlfe bh uml hfni`y, kblz ub uml sbbu bh

uml nfuuls! Ns! O|zuijl Mb`nlz, ab{ bh uml Z|wslnl Jb|su bh uml \aiule Zufulz, {siuiaku{lauy ylfsz fhuls Nfial, z|nnle umiz |w {ium jbajizl l`lkfajl -‐Uml Jbnnba @f{,„ w!:5:)?

‐Ih uml hfni`y {fz uml b{als bh uml wsbwlsuy feniaizulsle cy f wfulshfniìfz, iuz sikmuzslnfiale |afhhljule cy uml elfum bh iuz ulnwbsfsy mlfe! Uml hfni`y jbauia|le, fùmb|km umlmlfe eile! Fae {mla, wsbcfc`y cy f ksfe|f` jmfakl, uml wfulshfniìfz jfnl ub cl slkfselefz b{als, iazulfe bh f zinw`l nfafkls bh uml hfni`y sikmuz, uml afu|sl fae jbauia|iuy bh umbzlsikmuz eie abu jmfakl {ium uml uiu`l ub umln! Uml hfniìf jbauia|le ub uml mlisz fz iu {fz `lhu cy uml fajlzubs! ! ! !

‐Uml fkkslkful bh uml fajlzubs’z sikmuz fae e|uilz, bs, ub |zl uml uljmaijf` wmsfzl, umlubuf` wlszbaf z|zufiale cy min, {fz lfs`y zlwfsfule hsbn miz afu|sf` wlszbafìuy! Hbs umiz wlszbaf {fz c|u uml fkkslkful bh {mfu mfe hbsnls`y clla hfni`y sikmuz fae e|uilz, fae {fzbsikiaf``y z|zufiale cy fay iaeixie|f` ba`y fz uml hfni`y mlfe! Mlajl iu {fz zfie ub cljbauia|le cy uml iamlsiufajl4 fae {mla uml mlis fzz|nle iu, ml mfe miz fjuiba ia slzwlju bh iao|silz wslxib|z`y jbnniuule!„

Nfial wsbjllez ub usfjl uml elxl`bwnlau bh uml Sbnfa ulzufnlau hsbn f eizusic|uiba

bh wsbwlsuy, ufdiak lhhlju fu bajl, nfel ia jbaulnw`fuiba bh inwlaeiak elfum bs kslfu wlsi`,fae slv|isiak, ia iuz lfsìlzu hbsn, zbnlumiak ìdl `lkiz`fuixl zfajuiba -jw! Kisfse, ‐Nfa|l`,„ ww! ;93.<), umsb|km uml iaulsnleiful zufkl bh f jbaxlyfajl slzlsxiak f ìhl iaulslzu, {mijmnfy cl zlla ia uml wsbxiajif` j|zubnz bh uml Sbnfa Lnwisl, fae n|jm `fuls ia nleilxf` faelxla nbelsa zyzulnz! N|ismlfe -‐Mizubsijf` Iausbe|juiba ub uml Wsixful @f{ bh Sbnl,„ ww!88, 68=) wbiaule b|u f slnley hbs uml eihhij|ùy z|kklzule fu w! 377, umfu f {i`` cynfajiwfuiba n|zu mfxl `lhu uml ulzufubs wlaai`lzz! \z|hs|ju nikmu xlsy {l`` cl slzlsxle ba fnfajiwfuiba, Kfi! ii! ::, ‐fae f slzlsxfuiba bh f ìhl iaulslzu ia bal’z b{a hfniìf {b|è wbzzic`y cl jbazus|le lxla nbsl ìclsf``y umfa fa bseiafsy |z|hs|ju!„ Zui``, |z|hs|ju iz abufnbak uml lfsìlzu iazuiu|uibaz, fae iu {b|è cl sfzm ub zfy umfu uml eihhij|ùy nfy abu mfxl

clla slf` fu bal uinl! C|u nla mfxl clla esixla f`` bxls uml {bsè, cy fa inwlshlju zuful bh wsbwlsuy `f{ bs cy zwljif` slfzbaz hbs fxbieiak w|cìjiuy, ub w|u xlsy `fskl us|zu ia umlmbab|s bh jmbzla hsilaez fae fzzizufauz4 fae umlsl iz abumiak fcb|u uml Sbnfa hfniìfllnubs ia miz nbzu fsjmfij zufkl ub z|swsizl fa Lakìzm zu|elau {mb mfz nfel fjv|fiaufajl{ium b|s nleilxf` hlbhhll ub |zlz! Iaeifa wsfjuijl {i`` h|saizm f wfsf``l` ia uml claæni-ìulsf``y, ‐fabaynb|z„) jbaxlyfajlz ub f abniaf` w|sjmfzls, ub mbè ba f zljslu us|zu hbs uml



37<

ABULZ UB JMFWULS XII ABUL A! WSINBKLAIU\SL!

N|jm mfz clla {siuula ia sljlau ylfsz fcb|u uml bsikiaz bh nleilxf` o|sizeijuiba fae`fae ula|sl, fae uml wlj|ìfs jbnwìjfuiba bh ula|sl {ium wlszbaf` `bsezmiw fae o|sizeijuiba{mijm {l jf`` hl|efìzn4 {l nlauiba, f`nbzu fu sfaebn, uml afnlz bh Cs|aals, [fiu,H|zul` el Jb|`faklz, H`fjm, @|jmfisl4 c|u umlsl iz abumiak ub umsb{ eb|cu ba uml klalsf`zb|aealzz bh uml `|niab|z zdlujm kixla ia umiz jmfwuls! Nfial slu|saz ub uml z|colju ia uml`fuuls wfsu bh jm! xiii! Fu uml lae bh umfu jmfwuls fa bwiaiba iz febwule, iu zllnz hsbn Dlnc`l,

umfu ‐zbnl zmfel bh zlsxi`l elcfzlnlau„ fuufjmle ub f Klsnfaij diak’z bs jmilhufia’z wlszbaf` jbnwfaibaz! I mfxl alxls clla fc`l ub eizjbxls Dlnc`l’z f|umbsiuy hbs umizz|wwbziuiba, bs ub nllu {ium fay bumls fjjlwufajl bh iu! Zll, jbausf, Dbasfe Nf|sls ia‐Dsiuizjml Ðclszjmf|,„ ii! :96!

H|sumls bczlsxfuibaz ba Wsinbklaiu|sl cy Nfial minzl`h {i`` cl hb|ae ia ‐Uml Lfs`yMizubsy bh Iazuiu|uibaz,„ ww! 635, 69=.37<! [l nfy fee ub uml csilh nlauiba bh ‐wfsfkl„ fu w!37< umfu uml ‐wfsfki|n„ bh uml Absnfa j|zu|nf`z mfz fa inwbsufau wfsu ia uml Fak`b. Absnfa abnlaj`fu|sl bh Ebnlzefy Cbbd! Ksb|wz bh jb.mlisz mbèiak ‐ia wfsfkib,„ fae

slwslzlaule, hbs uml w|swbzlz bh uml zlsxijl e|l ub umlis `bse, cy bal bh umln {mb izzbnluinlz jf``le uml zlaibs, fsl jbnnba ia zlxlsf` jb|auilz -Nfiu`fae, ‐Ebnlzefy Cbbd fae Clybae,„ w! 65<4 Wb``bjd fae Nfiu`fae, ‐M!L!@!„ ii! 38:.5, 3;84 Wb``bjd ia Lak! Mizu! Slx! 6=98, }i! 33=, abul 8<)! Umiz fssfaklnlau iz f zusbak i``|zusfuiba bh uml wsfjuijf`jbaxlailajl bh wsinbklaiu|sl hbs uml `bse {mla hl|ef` zlsxijl {fz slf``y niìufsy zlsxijl!Nfial’z xil{ umfu wsinbklaiu|sl bsikiaf``y mfe fa bhhijif` jmfsfjuls zllnz ub cl umbsb|km`yfjjlwule4 iu {b|è wsbcfc`y cl hb|ae, ih {l mfe f`` uml hfjuz, umfu uml bjjfzibaf` l}fnw`lz bh wsinbklaiu|sl ia zlsxi`l bs iahlsibs ula|slz fsl ub cl l}w`fiale cy uml ulalnlau mfxiak cllafuufjmle ub zbnl nfabsif` bs jbnn|af` bhhijl! Iu {b|è zlln umfu, {mlumls hbs slfzbaz bh jbaxlailajl bs cljf|zl nla ìdle ub iniuful uml hfzmiba bh umlis `bsez, uml klalsf`

iausbe|juiba bh wsinbklaiu|sl ia Lak`fae {fz ub zbnl l}ulau f wbw|`fs nbxlnlau! Ia 63<<uml c|sklzzlz bh @lijlzuls f``lkle umfu umly {lsl cliak s|iale cy wfsuic`l ula|slz, fae wsbj|sle f jmfsuls hsbn umlis `bse, Zinba el Nbauhbsu, {mijm Mlasy III! zmbsu`y fhuls{fsezjbahisnle, ub jmfakl uml jb|szl bh elzjlau ub wsinbklaiu|sl -‐Sljbsez bh uml Cbsb|km bh @lijlzuls,„ le! Cfulzba, Abz! }}iii! }}ix!, uml `fuuls iaebszle ‐jfsuf v|be mlsleiufz ziu fejbnn|aln `lkln„)! Ba uml {mb`l z|colju Ns! Lxl`ya Jlji`’z cbbd ‐Wsinbklaiu|sl? F



378

Zmbsu Mizubsy bh iuz Elxl`bwnlau ia Xfsib|z Jb|ausilz, fae iuz Wsfjuijf` Lhhljuz,„ @bae!6=9<, nfy cl zu|eile {ium fexfaufkl!



37;

ABULZ UB JMFWULS XIII ABUL B! JFWU\SL, BJJ\WFUIBA, WBZZLZZIBA!

Uml zufulnlauz nfel ia uml lfs`y wfsu bh umiz jmfwuls fcb|u uml Sbnfa ebjusial bh jfwu|sl ia {fs, iuz sl`fuiba ub uml bseiafsy s|`lz bh bjj|wfuib, fae uml sl`fuiba bh cbum ub umlnbelsa `f{ bh afuibaz, fsl abu lfzy ub hb``b{! Nfial’z klalsf` slz|ùz eb abu elwlae ba umlfjj|sfjy bh umlzl zufulnlauz, c|u iu iz aljlzzfsy ub iaeijful uml wbiauz ba {mijm f slfels |afjv|fiaule {ium Sbnfa fae iaulsafuibaf` `f{ nikmu hiae uml ul}u niz`lfeiak! Hiszu, umlsl izslf``y ab f|umbsiuy hbs fuusic|uiak ub uml Sbnfa o|sizuz uml |av|fìhile bwiaiba umfu f`` zwbi`

bh {fs cl`bakle ub uml iaeixie|f` jfwubs, abs hbs ele|jiak uml s|`l bh {fs hsbn uml `f{ bh bjj|wfuib ia uinl bh wlfjl! Al}u, iu iz cy ab nlfaz j`lfs umfu uml Sbnfa `f{ bh bjj|wfuib{fz nbsl umfa bal bh nfay l`lnlauz {mijm {lau ub hbsn uml nbelsa s|`lz fz ub cl`ìklslausikmuz! Iu iz aljlzzfsy ub l}fnial uml f|umbsiuilz ia zbnl elufi`!

Nfial zllnz ub mfxl slìle ba f wfzzfkl bh Kfi|z ia uml uiu`l bh uml Eiklzu ‐elfev|islaeb sls|n ebniaib„ -56, 6, ``! <, «;, ;, «64 `! 8 iz j`|nzi`y iaulswb`fule cy umljbnwi`lsz hsbn fabumls {siuls, fae iz abu ub b|s w|swbzl)! Kfi|z mfz zwbdla bh uml‐bjj|wfuiba„ bh slz a|`ì|z, z|jm fz {iè fainf`z, fae kblz ba ub bumls j`fzzlz bh jfzlz ia

{mijm bjj|wfuiba bs zbnlumiak ìdl iu jbahlsz b{alszmiw -fae abu nlsl`y wbzzlzziba) i|slklaui|n! Umiz `fzu ulsn {b|è zlln, ia sl`fuiba ub mbzui`l jfwu|sl, ub wbiau ub uml fju|f`|zfkl bh {fs sfumls umfa ub uml ielf` `f{ bh afu|sl, {mijm fu f`` lxlauz {b|è abu o|zuihyuslfuiak jfwuixlz bh hsll jbaeiuiba fz z`fxlz! ‐Iuln v|fl l} mbzuic|z jfwi|au|s i|sl klaui|nzufuin jfwilaui|n hiafu ! ! ! felb v|ieln |u lu ìclsi mbnialz ia zlsxiu|uln ele|jfau|s!„Umla Wf|`|z zfyz, fu uml mlfe bh uml al}u uiu`l, ‐el fev|islaef xl` fniuulaef wbzzlzzibal„?‐Iuln cl``b jfwuf lu iaz|`f ia nfsi lafuf lu klnnfl `fwi`ì nfskfsiufl ia ìubsic|z iaxlauflli|z hi|au, v|i wsin|z lbs|n wbzzlzzibaln afaju|z lzu!„ Bcxib|z`y ab wsbbh bs f|umbsiuy{fz allele ub zmb{ umfu f w|cìj lalny ia fsnz jb|è mfxl ab jixi` sikmuz! Uml wbiau iz abuumfu zwbi` bh {fs jlfzlz ub cl`bak ub uml lalny, c|u umfu jfwu|sl, {mla iu bjj|sz, nfdlz uml

jfwubs fa b{als fae abu nlsl`y f wbzzlzzbs fz clu{lla minzl`h fae miz hl``b{.jiuilaz! Umizeblz abu ul`` |z {mfu iz `f{h|` zwbi` bh {fs fjjbseiak ub fay zwljif``y Sbnfa |zfkl, abs eblziu l}j`|el uml slzusijuibaz bh niìufsy eizjiwìal! \aels uml Lnwisl, ia hfju, uml jbnnfaeiakbhhijls nikmu eizusic|ul cbbuy ih ml w`lfzle, c|u w`|aels hbs uml iaeixie|f` zbèils’z clalhiu bs fay diae bh z|czlv|lau wsixful fwwsbwsifuiba {fz eizuiaju`y hbscieela! ‐Iz, v|i wsflefn fcmbzuic|z jfwufn z|csiw|iu, `lkl wlj|`fu|z ulalu|s lu ia v|fes|w`|n efnafu|s„? Nbelzuia|z ia



37=

E! 5=, 6:, fe `lkln I|ìfn wlj|`fu|z 6< -le! Nbnnzla, x|`k! 6:)! Iaelle, iu nfy {l`` clumfu uml eijuf bh Kfi|z fae Wf|`|z jbaulnw`ful ba`y uml jfzl bh lalny wsbwlsuy hb|ae baSbnfa ksb|ae fu uml b|ucslfd bh f {fs? ‐v|fl slz mbzui`lz fw|e abz z|au aba w|cìjfl zlebjj|wfaui|n hi|au„? Jl`z|z, E! 56, 6, <6! Ksbui|z jbnnlauz ba umiz eiju|n bh Jl`z|z,|aelszufaeiak iu ia umiz zlazl, fae mbèz uml sikmu bh wsixful jfwu|sl ub cl jbahiale ub fjuz abuia uml jb|szl bh zlsxijl, ‐l}usf niaizulsi|n w|cìj|n„? El I|sl Cl`ì fj Wfjiz, III! xi! }ii! «64 fae zb Kisfse, ‐Nfa|l`,„ w! :65! Umlsl iz ab eb|cu umfu `fae zlile ia {fs {fz fjv|islefae eizusic|ule cy uml Zuful? Wbnwbai|z ia E! 59, 6<, el jfwuixiz, 37, « 6! Ia jbazielsiak

umlzl wfzzfklz iu iz o|zu fz {l`` ub slnlncls umfu wsbc`lnz fsiziak b|u bh f zuful bh {fs clu{lla Sbnl fae f jixiìzle bs {lfùmy lalny n|zu mfxl zllnle f nlsl fsjmfij j|sibziuyub uml o|sizuz {mb h`b|sizmle |aels uml Faubaialz!

Umla fz ub Ksbui|z’z |zl bh uml Sbnfa `f{, ml jlsufia`y v|bulz uml {bsez bh Kfi|zf`slfey zlu b|u4 c|u f`nbzu ia uml zfnl cslfum ml v|bulz uml Bè Ulzufnlau, W`fub, ]labwmba,fae Fsizubu`l -bw! jiu! III! xi! ii! « 5)! Ml elailz -ix! « 6) umfu lalny’z `fae jfa cl fjv|isle cynlsl iaxfziba zmbsu bh wlsnfalau bjj|wfuiba ia hbsjl! Ml zllnz ub umiad wsixful w`|aelsiakfenizzic`l ia zusiju sikmu, c|u l`zl{mlsl, |aels uml mlfe bh ulnwlsfnlauz―f diae bh jb|azl`z bh wlshljuiba ub niuikful uml sikb|s bh {fs, nbzu bh {mijm mfxl ziajl clla febwule

fz s|`lz―ml z|kklzuz umfu jfwu|sle wsbwlsuy zmb|è cl slzubsle ba uml jbaj`|ziba bh wlfjl,zb hfs fz wsfjuijfc`l -III! }iii!, ‐ulnwlsfnlau|n jisjf slz jfwufz„)! Fkfia, fa lfs`y usfiu bh Ksbui|z, ‐El I|sl Wsflefl,„ w|cìzmle ba`y ia b|s b{a uinl -le! Mfnfdls, Mfk! Jbn! 6=8=),fùbklumls slw|eifulz uml bjj|wfuiba umlbsy bh uml sikmu ub zwbi` bh {fs! Ml ìdlaz iu ub umlsikmu bh o|eijif` l}lj|uiba, fae l}w`fiaz f{fy uml eiju|n bh Kfi|z cy mbèiak umfu uml jfwubs ufdlz ba`y fz uml zlsxfau fae ia uml afnl bh uml Zuful4 fae ml hbsuihilz miz ebjusial, fhuls umlnfaals bh uml uinl, {mijm ml jbauia|le ub hb``b{ ia miz b{a `fuls {bsd, {ium Mlcsl{,Mbnlsij, fae bumls Kslld l}fnw`lz! Iu iz eihhij|ù ub hiae mlsl n|jm febwuiba bh uml Sbnfa`f{ bh Bjj|wfajy! Wlsmfwz bumls w|cìjizuz bh uml zlxlaullaum bs likmullaum jlau|sy nfy

mfxl clla `lzz eizjsiniafuiak umfa Ksbui|z! Ih umiz iz ub cl xlsihile, iu n|zu cl cy zbnl balnbsl hfniìfs {ium umlis {siuiakz umfa nyzl`h! Ab h|sumls ìkmu iz umsb{a ba uml wbiau iaNfial’z Jfncsiekl `lju|slz ba iaulsafuibaf` `f{, {mijm ml eie abu ìxl ub slxizl hiaf``y hbs w|cìjfuiba! Umlzl v|lzuibaz, mb{lxls, mfxl `bak clla fauiv|fsifa4 nbelsa wsfjuijl mfzfcsbkfule uml bè mfszm j|zubnz bh {fs, fae uml zli|sl bh nbxfc`lz bs bumls wlszbaf` wsbwlsuy ia iuz cfsl hbsn mfz, l}jlwu ia f xlsy hl{ jfzlz, cljbnl i``lkf` -Mf``, ‐Iaulsa!@f{,„ <um le! w! 53;? uml {mb`l jmfwuls zmb|è cl jbaz|ùle)!

Nfial bczlsxlz fu w! 356 umfu uml Sbnfa `f{ bh Bjj|wfajy {fz fùbklumls |alv|f` ubuml ufzd bh zluuìak eizw|ulz bh uiu`l clu{lla eihhlslau afuibaz j`finiak al{ ulssiubsilz ia sikmu

bh umlis slzwljuixl z|coljuz {mb mfe eizjbxlsle fae nbsl bs `lzz ufdla wbzzlzziba bh umln!\aeb|cule`y umiz iz us|l, fae iu jb|è abu cl bumls{izl! Uml eihhij|ùilz mfxl fsizla ia f`nbzulxlsy jfzl, eb{a ub uml sljlau cb|aefsy v|lzuiba clu{lla Xlal|l`f fae Csiuizm K|ifaf,hsbn fuulnwuz ub uslfu izb`fule, zìkmu, fae wfsuif` fjuz bh ebniaiba fz lv|ixf`lau ub lhhljuixl wbzzlzziba! Sbnfa `f{ dab{z abumiak bh fay ‐bjj|wfuiba„ {mijm eblz abu fnb|au ub h|``fae fju|f` jbausb`! Mlajl uml `lfsaiak bh bjj|wfuiba mfe ub cl z|ww`lnlaule cy umfu bh



379

wbzzlzziba! Sbnfa `f{, ìdl uml Jbnnba @f{, sljbkaizlz uml hfju umfu f nfa jfaabu wmyzijf``y mbè bs jbausb` fu uml zfnl uinl lxlsy zv|fsl hbbu bh f wfsjl` bh `fae, faeumlslhbsl iu f``b{z `lkf` wbzzlzziba ub cl fjv|isle cy lausy ba f wfsu ia uml afnl bh uml{mb`l fae {ium iaulau ub wbzzlzz lxlsyumiak iaj`|ele ia uml cb|aefsilz! ‐V|be f|ulnei}in|z lu jbswbsl lu fainb fev|islsl abz elclsl wbzzlzzibaln, aba |uiv|l iuf fjjiwilae|nlzu, |u v|i h|ae|n wbzzielsl xlìu bnalz k`lcfz jisj|nfnc|`lu? zle z|hhijiu v|fnìclu wfsuln li|z h|aei iausbisl, e|n nlaul lu jbkiufuibal mfj ziu, |ui ubu|n h|ae|n |zv|l feulsnia|n xlìu wbzzielsl„ -Wf|`|z ia E! 56, 3 el fev! xl` fniuu! wbzz! :, «6)! Ia bsels ub

fww`y umiz s|`l, mb{lxls, {l mfxl ub fzz|nl umfu uml cb|aefsilz fsl dab{a bs fzjlsufiafc`l,fae f`zb umfu umlsl iz ab lhhljuixl bwwbziuiba4 fae {mla uml hfjuz ub {mijm uml fwwìjfuiba izub cl nfel fsl umbzl f``lkle ub fnb|au ub f afuibaf` bjj|wfuiba bh |azluu`le ulssiubsy, iu izbhula hfs hsbn lfzy ub zfy {mlumls umlzl jbaeiuibaz fsl zfuizhile! Ia jfzl bh eizw|ul {mlumls wbzzlzziba mfz clla lzufcìzmle, {l n|zu slzbsu ub uml s|`l bh jbnnba zlazl, {mijm izl}wslzz`y febwule cy uml f|umbsiuilz bh uml Jbnnba @f{, fae eblz abu jbausfeiju fayumiakia uml Sbnfa @f{, afnl`y umfu slkfse n|zu cl mfe ub uml diae bh |zl fae jbausb` bh {mijmuml z|colju.nfuuls iz jfwfc`l -f|umbsiuilz jb``ljule ia Wb``bjd fae [sikmu ba Wbzzlzziba, ww!:6.<)! Ba uml v|lzuiba {mfu iz uml ‐ulsnia|z„ ia uml bjj|wfuiba bh |azluu`le ulssiubsy, jlsufiajbaxlauibaf` s|`lz, {mijm n|zu cl zb|kmu ia uml slk|`fs ul}u.cbbdz bh iaulsafuibaf` `f{, mfxl

clla nbsl bs `lzz klalsf``y febwule cy uml j|zubn bh afuibaz, fae ia zbnl jfzlz l}wslzzfksllnlauz mfxl clla nfel -Mf``, bw! jiu! w! 665)! Uml ebjusial umfu bjj|wfajy wsbe|jlzb{alszmiw iz bh jb|szl abu bh uml mikmlzu fauiv|iuy! Clzielz uml slfzbaz kixla cy Nfial, umljbajlwuiba bh iaeixie|f` b{alszmiw fz f `lkf` sikmu, uml ebniai|n bh Sbnfa `f{, iz iuzl`h sl`fuixl`y nbelsa! Mb{ fae {my Sbnfa `f{ elxl`bwle umfu jbajlwuiba fz lfs`y fz iu eie iz fmizubsijf` wsbc`ln {mijm, zb hfs fz I mfxl `lfsau, {l jfaabu zb`xl {ium b|s nfulsif`z! [lba`y dab{ umfu Sbnfa wsbwlsuy `f{, hbs {mfulxls slfzba, {fz f`slfey v|iul iaeixie|fìzu fuuml uinl bh uml U{l`xl Ufc`lz! I fn abu z|sl umfu I h|``y |aelszufae Nfial’z wfzziak slnfsd fcb|u uml iah`|lajl bh Afu|sf` @f{ ia umiz wbiau -w! 3<7)! Fu f`` lxlauz uml usfazhbsnfuiba bh

uml Miae| Obiau Hfni`y ub iuz nbelsa uywl jfa mfse`y cl zlu eb{a ub fay z|jm iah`|lajl, fae,zb hfs fz iu mfz kbal, uml l}fnw`l fwwlfsz hfis`y wfsf``l`!

C`fjdzubal’z fjjb|au bh uml bsikia bh wsbwlsuy iz `bbzl lab|km ub elzlsxl alfs`y f`` bh Nfial’z jsiuijizn! Ml {mb``y hfi`z ub eizuiak|izm clu{lla wmyzijf` jbausb` bs ‐elulauiba,„ wbzzlzziba ia `f{, fae b{alszmiw, fae ml uf`dz fz ih b|s slhiale `lkf` jbajlwuibaz mfe jbnlub wsinlxf` nfa slfey nfel, fae ia l}fju`y uml hbsn fae `fak|fkl bh likmullaum.jlau|sy w|cìjizuz! C|u wlsmfwz iu {fz alle`lzz js|lùy ub z|kklzu umfu C`fjdzubal liumls eie abu|aelszufae uml uljmaijf` nlfaiak bh Bjj|wfuiba bs iaulaele ub inwbzl ba miz slfelsz cy w`fyiak {ium f xlscf` fncik|iuy! Uml {bse bjj|wfsl iz, fhuls f``, abu w|sl`y uljmaijf` ia

@fuia4 iu jlsufia`y mfz ab uljmaijf` nlfaiak ia uml wfzzfkl bh Jijlsb {mijm C`fjdzubalv|bulz -‐Jbnn!„ ii! 54 Jij! ‐el Hia!„ iii! 37, « 8;)! Jijlsb {fz aliumls fa bsikiaf` wmi`bzbwmls abs f kslfu o|sizu4 c|u ab bal {b|è jmfskl min {ium z|wwbziak umfu uml sikmu bh fzwljufubs ia f umlfusl ub uml w`fjl ml mfz ufdla -‐l|n `bj|n v|ln v|izv|l bjj|wfsiu„) mfefayumiak ub eb {ium uml wlsnfalau fjv|iziuiba bh ebniai|n! Iu {b|è cl nbsl w`f|zic`l ubjsleiu min {ium fa iadìak bh uml mizubsijf` us|um wbiaule b|u cy Nfial ia umlzl wfklz, umfu uml



367

abuiba bh fczb`|ul `lkf` b{alszmiw, fae zui`` nbsl uml wslz|nwuiba umfu lxlsyumiak b|kmu ubmfxl fa b{als, bs umfu, fz b|s b{a cbbdz zfy, ‐uml `f{ n|zu allez sle|jl uml wsbwlsuilz bh f`` kbbez ub zbnl nfa,„ fsl sfumls nbelsa umfa wsiniuixl! C`fjdzubal’z alk`lju ub bczlsxlumfu uml elufjmle iaeixie|f` nfa {mbn ml wbzu|`fulz iz f diae bh wlszba fùbklumls |adab{aub fsjmfij iazuiu|uibaz iz uml jbnnba fae hfuf` hf|ù, fz Nfial mfz ia lhhlju zfie, bh f`ìaeixie|fìzu umlbsilz bh zbjiluy? bh Mbcclz’z, {mijm @bjdl’z {fz iaulaele ub slh|ul, ab `lzzumfa bh C`fjdzubal’z, {mijm iz f zìkmu nbeihijfuiba bh @bjdl’z!

Iajielauf``y, c|u {ium wsbxbdiak cslxiuy, Nfial zwlfdz bh Zfxikay’z fwmbsizn umfu wsbwlsuy iz hb|aele ba fexlszl wbzzlzziba siwlale cy wslzjsiwuiba! Umiz fwmbsizn izjlsufia`y us|l hbs Lakìzm `f{! Wsbwlsuy ia kbbez iz, ia uml ulsnz fae wsbjlzz bh uml Jbnnba@f{, abu eizuiak|izmfc`l hsbn f sikmu, wslzlau bs elhlssle, ub wbzzlzz umln4 fae iu iz ba`y|aels zufu|ubsy wsbxizibaz bh xlsy sljlau iausbe|juiba fae wfsuif` fwwìjfuiba umfu {l dab{fay nlfaz bh wsbxiak uiu`l ub Lakìzm `fae bumls umfa zmb{iak jbauia|b|z |aeizu|scle wbzzlzziba, |aels f jbazizulau j`fin bh uiu`l, hbs f uinl `bak lab|km ub l}j`|el fayslfzbafc`l hlfs bh fexlszl j`finz! Uml jbaxlauibaf` hi}iak bh umfu uinl hiszu cy uml |zfkl bh jbaxlyfajlsz fae `fuuls`y cy wbziuixl `f{ nfdlz ab eihhlslajl ub uml wsiajiw`l, abs eb umll`fcbsful s|`lz {mijm mfxl clla elxl`bwle ia xfsib|z nfuulsz bh elufi`! Uiu`l.ellez, fz I mfxl

zfie l`zl{mlsl, fsl abumiak c|u uml {siuula mizubsy bh uml wbzzlzziba fae bh uml sikmu ia {mijmiu mfz clla l}lsjizle! Umiz iz lzzlauif``y f Klsnfaij iazuiu|uiba, fz fay bal {mb w|sz|lz umlz|colju {i`` hiae4 fae {mla {l jbaziels uml ielfz bh lfs`y Klsnfaij `f{, {l zmf`` wlsmfwz cl `lzz fwu ub hiae fay wsbc`ln ia uml hfju bh f wbzzlzzbs’z sikmuz cliak sljbkaizle cy Sbnfa`f{ umfa ub {baels mb{ Sbnfa `f{ jfnl zb lfs`y cy uml h|`` fae j`lfs jbajlwuiba bh fab{als’z sikmuz fz eizuiaju hsbn wbzzlzziba! Fz ub uml mizubsijf` bsikia bh uml Sbnfa ebjusialbh Wbzzlzziba umlsl fsl ab{ zlxlsf` umlbsilz ia uml hilè, fae abal bh umln jfa cl zfie ub clklalsf``y fjjlwule, jlsufia`y abu Zfxikay’z, {mijm {fz ebniafau {mla Nfial {sbul!



366

ABUL W! UML IAEIFA XI@@FKL JBNN\AIUY!Fhuls Nfial mfe fjv|isle bhhijif` dab{`lekl bh Iaeifa fhhfisz, ml kfxl f miau ia miz

`lju|sl ba ‐Xi``fkl Jbnn|aiuilz„ umfu uml `bjf` j|zubnz bh Iaeif fsl aliumls zb zinw`l abs zb |aihbsn ia uywl fz fa bseiafsy L|sbwlfa slfels bh ‐Fajilau @f{„ nikmu iahls! ‐I zmf``mfxl mlslfhuls ub l}w`fia,„ ml zfie,6 ‐umfu, umb|km umlsl fsl zusbak klalsf` slzlnc`fajlz clu{lla uml Iaeifa xi``fkl jbnn|aiuilz {mlslxls umly fsl hb|ae ia fayumiak ìdljbnw`lulalzz, umly wsbxl ba j`bzl iazwljuiba ub cl abu zinw`l c|u jbnwbziul cbeilz,iaj`|eiak f a|ncls bh j`fzzlz {ium xlsy xfsib|z sikmuz fae j`finz!„ Uml w|cìjfuiba ia nbslumfa bal hbsn -nbzu jbaxlailau`y ia ‐Uml Iaeifa Xi``fkl Jbnn|aiuy,„ @bae! 6=98) bh C! M!

Cfela.Wb{l``’z f|umbsiufuixl slzlfsjmlz ba uml @fae Zyzulnz bh Csiuizm Iaeif mfz ziajlnfel iu jbnnba bs fu `lfzu lfzi`y fjjlzzic`l3 dab{`lekl umfu Iaeifa xi``fklz fsl eixizic`liaub u{b wsiajiwf` fae {iel`y eihhlslau uywlz, bh {mijm uml ‐fzzlnc`fkl bh jb.wsbwsilubsz,„hbsnls`y fzz|nle ub cl uml ba`y absnf` bal, iz abu uml nbsl fajilau! Zis F`hsle @yf``-@!V!S! i}! 3;) mfz fwwsbxle Cfela.Wb{l``’z ‐jbaj`|ziba umfu uml bèlzu hbsn bh xi``fkl {fzabu, fz iz |z|f``y z|wwbzle, f ksb|w bh j|ùixfubsz mfxiak obiau bs jbnn|aizuij iaulslzuz, c|uf eizjbaaljule zlu bh hfniìlz {mb zlxlsf``y b{ale umlis zlwfsful mbèiakz!„ Umlsl iz fmlfenfa fae umlsl fsl xi``fkl bhhijlsz4 {l nfy zfy umlsl iz feniaizusfuixl |aiuy hbs nfay w|swbzlz4 c|u umlsl iz abu jbnn|af` b{alszmiw bs ula|sl! Umlsl iz ab lxielajl umfu ia

xi``fklz bh umiz diae, |z|f``y jf``le sfiyfu{Ćs Ĥ , fae wslxf`lau ia Jlausf` fae Zb|umlsa Iaeif,uml mbèiakz {lsl lxls bumls{izl umfa zlwfsful fae iaelwlaelau4 ‐uml zb.jf``le obiau xi``fklhb``b{le, fae eie abu wsljlel, uml xi``fkl bh zlwfsful mbèiakz!„ Ia uml obiau bs ‐`fae`bse„xi``fklz bh B|em, uml \aiule -hbsnls`y Absum.[lzu) Wsbxiajlz, fae uml WfaoĆ c, {l hiae febniafau hfni`y bs j`fa, bìkfsjmz fae ia hfju `fae`bsez fz slkfsez uml iahlsibs nfobsiuy bh iamfciufauz, fae nbsl bs `lzz elnbjsfuij -hbs uml zmfslz fsl abu f`{fyz lv|f`) fnbakumlnzl`xlz! Umiz uywl bh xi``fkl, {mijm iz ia zbnl {fyz j|sib|z`y ìdl f znf``ls slwsbe|juibabh f Kslld jiuy.zuful, nfy cl e|l ub zlxlsf` jf|zlz! Jbav|lzu nfy wsbe|jl iu, bs f elìclsfulal{ zluu`lnlau, bs obiau iamlsiufajl fnbak elzjlaefauz bh f ziak`l hb|aels! Ia uml jfzl bh jbav|lzu iu nfy cl z|wlsinwbzle ba f hbsnls sfiyfu{Ćs Ĥ xi``fkl! Cfela.Wb{l`` wbiauz b|u

umfu f`` {siulsz ba uml z|colju eb{a ub f uinl `fuls umfa uml w|cìjfuiba abu ba`y bh ‐Fajilau@f{„ c|u bh ‐Xi``fkl Jbnn|aiuilz„ mfe ub klalsfìzl ba iajbnw`lul nfulsif`z!

‐Iu jfa mfse`y cl eb|cule umfu uml iahbsnfuiba fxfi`fc`l {mla Zis M! Z! Nfial {sbul{fz xlsy hfs hsbn cliak {mfu iu mfz ziajl cljbnl! Abal bh uml slwbsuz ba uml WfaoĆ c hsbauils usicf`.xi``fklz {lsl {siuula―bs fu `lfzu {lsl fxfi`fc`l ia wsiau4 fae uml kslfuls wfsu bh uml



363

clzu Zluu`lnlau Slwbsuz bh uml Absum.[lzu Wsbxiajlz, B|em fae uml WfaoĆ c, fsl efule iaylfsz z|czlv|lau ub uml w|cìjfuiba bh ”Xi``fkl Jbnn|aiuilz!’ H|sumls, uml Zluu`lnlauSlwbsuz bh uml Jlausf` Wsbxiajlz, uml Eizusiju Nfa|f`z bh Zb|umlsa Iaeif, fae uml Z|sxlySlwbsuz fae Kfluullsz bh uml Cbncfy eizusijuz {lsl nfay bh umln abu {siuula, fae umlbumlsz {lsl mfse`y dab{a clybae uml jbahialz bh umlis wslzielajilz! Ia umiz hfju I hiae umll}w`fafuiba bh uml ubuf` bnizziba ia Zis M! Z! Nfial’z wfklz bh fay zwljihij nlauiba bh umlsfiyfu{Ćs Ĥ hbsn bh xi``fkl, fae uml ìuu`l abuijl ml ufdlz bh uml usicf` bs j`fa jbazuiu|uiba bh Iaeifa sfjlz ia klalsf`, fae bh uml hsbauils usicf` xi``fklz ia uml WfaoĆ c„ -‐Uml Iaeifa Xi``fkl

Jbnn|aiuy,„ w! 5)!

Iu {i`` cl v|iul f nizufdl, mb{lxls, fz {l nfy `lfsa fu `fskl hsbn Cfela.Wb{l``, ubfzz|nl umfu uml hfni`y ula|sl bs wsbwlsuy {mijm iz uml |aiu bh uml sfiyfu{Ćs Ĥ xi``fkl zyzuln izlv|ixf`lau ub iaeixie|f` b{alszmiw bs fay diae bh b{alszmiw fz |aelszubbe ia nbelsa[lzulsa `f{! [mfu iz jlsufia iz umfu umlsl iz ab z|jm umiak fz uml xi``fkl jbnn|aiuy bh Miae|uinlz, fay nbsl umfa umlsl iz fay z|jm umiak fz uml xi``fkl jbnn|aiuy bh uml Niee`l Fklz iaL|sbwl! C|u umlsl slnfiaz n|jm wsbhiu ub cl elsixle hsbn jbnwfsiak uml lhhljuz bh nbsl bs `lzz zini`fs jf|zlz ia hi}iak uml j|zubnz bh `fae ula|sl ia uml Lfzu fae uml [lzu, {mlumls umbzl lhhljuz fsl, fz umly zbnluinlz fsl, j`bzl`y zini`fs, bs xfsile cy uml wslzlajl bh bumls

fae eihhlslau jbaeiuibaz! [l ab `bakls l}wlju ub hiae jbnw`lul fae wfsf``l` z|sxixf`z bh fjbnnba wslmizubsij zubjd bh iazuiu|uibaz, c|u iu iz abu `lzz iaulslzuiak ub hiae mb{ lfzi`y wfsf``l` uywlz nfy cl elxl`bwle fu xlsy eizufau uinlz fae w`fjlz4 fae {l fsl hsll ub mbè fz f wib|z bwiaiba umfu uml Iaeifa xi``fkl jb|aji` zui`` dab{a fz uml Hixl -wfajmæyfu)―umb|kmumfu mfz `bak jlfzle ub cl uml |z|f` a|ncls ia wsfjuijl, fae uml iazuiu|uiba cl`bakz ba`y ubuml ‐`fae`bse„ uywl bh xi``fkl―nfy kb cfjd ub uml zfnl bsikia fz b|s b{a sllxl fae hb|s nla, {mb h`b|sizm ia Jfafef ub umiz efy! Sbc|zuls hfium nikmu cl allele ub hiae nbsl umfafjjielau ia uml a|ncls bh hixl mlfsumz fae hixl `f{h|` nla ba Mbsfjl’z lzuful -‐mfciufu|nv|iav|l hbjiz lu V|iav|l cbabz zbìu|n Xfsifn einiuulsl wfuslz,„ Lw! i! 65)! F zyzuln bh

eixieiak `fae zb fz ub kixl lxlsy nfa f zmfsl bh lxlsy v|fìuy, {mijm slzlnc`lz b|s nleilxf` jbnnba.hilè zyzuln lxla ia nia|ul elufi`, iz elzjsicle cy Cfela.Wb{l`` -bw! jiu! ww! 696, 565)!

[ium slkfse ub uml z|wwbzle jbswbsful bs v|fzi.jbswbsful b{alszmiw bh L|sbwlfa faelzwljif``y Lakìzm xi``fkl jbnn|aiuilz, Wsbhlzzbs Nfiu`fae’z zljuiba umlslba ia ‐EbnlzefyCbbd fae Clybae,„ ww! :57.<8, kixlz f zb|ae fae n|jm allele jsiuijizn bh uml `bbzl`fak|fkl {mijm {fz j|sslau fnbak mizubsijf` {siulsz f klalsfuiba fkb!



36:

ABUL V! SLZ NFAJIWI4 F@ILAFUIBA IA LFS@Y @F[!Nfial’z bwiaiba umfu uml slz nfajiwi bh fajilau Sbnfa `f{ {lsl ‐uml iazus|nlauz bh

fksij|ù|sf` `fcb|s, uml jbnnbeiuilz bh hiszu jbazlv|lajl ub f wsiniuixl wlbw`l„ iz lauisl`yjbahisnle cy uml clzu sljlau f|umbsz! Wsbhlzzbs Kisfse, fkslliak {ium Imlsiak, Zbmn, faeJ|v, jbazielsz uml zb|aelzu l}w`fafuiba -‐`f ebjusial `f nbiaz fxlau|sl|zl„) ub cl umfu umljfulkbsy jbazizuz bh uml aljlzzfsy l`lnlauz bh uml bsikiaf` Sbnfa hfsnls’z kbbez, ub {mijmf`bal, umlslhbsl, uml lfs`y ‐Sbnfa hbsnz bh fìlafuiba„ {lsl fwwìjfc`l! Iu iz h|sumls z|kklzule umfu fu hiszu ba`y slz nfajiwi {lsl uml z|coljuz bh h|`` b{alszmiw, fae umfu, fu fuinl clhbsl iaeixie|f` wsbwlsuy ia `fae {fz fìlafc`l, uml eizuiajuiba nfajiwi―alj nfajiwi

jbiajiele {ium umfu bh hfniìf fae wlj|aif, {mijm mfe cljbnl bczb`lul fu uml eful bh umlU{l`xl Ufc`lz -Kisfse, ‐Nfa|l`,„ w! 35;)! N|ismlfe’z l}w`fafuiba -‐Wsixful @f{ bh Sbnl,„ w! 8:) iz zini`fs, feeiak umfu uml umiakz jbazuiu|uiak uml hfniìf {lsl umbzl {mijm elulsnialef Sbnfa jiuila’z wbìuijf` v|fìhijfuiba fhuls uml Zlsxifa slhbsnz! Fìlafuiba bh z|jm umiakznikmu fhhlju uml b{als’z wbìuijf` zufaeiak, fae {fz umlslhbsl bh w|cìj inwbsufajl4 c|u I fnabu j`lfs umfu umiz slfzba iz abu z|wlsh`|b|z! N|ismlfe bczlsxlz, elìclsful`y abu hb``b{iakKfi|z, umfu uml h|aefnlauf` abuiba bh nfajiwi|n iz nfa|n―abu nfa|―jfwlsl, umlfjv|islnlau bh nfa|z ia uml zlazl bh `lkf` ebniaiba -bw! jiu! w! 86), {mijm zllnz mikm`y wsbcfc`l!

Fz ub uml hluulsz ba fìlafuiba |z|f``y hb|ae ia lfs`y zyzulnz bh wsbwlsuy `f{, Nfialzlu iu eb{a fz ‐slnfsdfc`l umfu uml Fak`b.Zf}ba j|zubnz zlln ub mfxl clla fa l}jlwuiba„ub uml wslxfiìak Klsnfaij |zfkl {mijm hbscfel fìlafuiba bh `fae {iumb|u uml jbazlau bh umlhfni`y bs fu `lfzu uml zbaz bh uml ksfaubs! Nfial’z iazikmu iz ab{ o|zuihile! Uml hsllebn{mijm ml umb|kmu fabnf`b|z, umb|km iu {fz fjjlwule fz f hfju cy uml clzu f|umbsiuilz umlafjjlzzic`l ba Fak`b.Zf}ba `f{, {fz slf``y xlsy wfsuif` iaelle, cliak jbahiale ub `fae, bs sfumls `bsezmiw bxls `fae, mlè cy wsixi`lkle wlszbaz fae cbeilz |aels uml wsixi`lkleiazus|nlauz dab{a ub jbaulnwbsfsilz fz ‐cbbdz„ fae ub |z fz jmfsulsz! Ba`y fhuls uml Absnfa Jbav|lzu eie uml jmfsuls cljbnl f ‐jbnnba fzz|sfajl!„ Fz I usile abu `bak fkb ub

z|n |w ia uml zinw`lzu hbsn wsfjuijfc`l {mfu iz dab{a fae abu dab{a fcb|u j|zubnfsy `faeula|sl clhbsl uml Jbav|lzu, I nfy fz {l`` slwlfu ny {bsez?―

‐[l dab{ al}u ub abumiak bh uml s|`lz |aels {mijm hsll nla, {mlumls bh kslfuls bs `lzzls z|czufajl, mlè ”hb`d.`fae,’ umfu iz, lzufulz kbxlsale cy uml bè j|zubnfsy `f{!Wsbcfc`y umlsl {fz abu n|jm c|yiak fae zl`ìak bh z|jm `fae! Umlsl iz ab slfzba ub z|wwbzl



365

umfu fìlafuiba {fz lfzils umfa ia bumls fsjmfij zbjiluilz, fae zbnl `bjf` j|zubnz hb|aez|sxixiak `bak fhuls uml Jbav|lzu wbiau ub uml jbaj`|ziba umfu bhula uml jbazlau bh uml xi``fklfz {l`` fz bh uml hfni`y {fz f aljlzzfsy jbaeiuiba bh f zf`l! Iaelle, iu iz abu jlsufia umfu hb`d.`fae, klalsf``y zwlfdiak, jb|è cl zbè fu f``! Umlsl iz lv|f``y ab slfzba ub umiad umfubseiafsy hsll `faembèlsz jb|è eizwbzl bh umlis `fae cy {i``, bs {lsl ia uml mfciu bh nfdiak{i``z hbs fay w|swbzl! Fak`b.Zf}ba {i``z -bs sfumls ebj|nlauz nbsl ìdl f nbelsa {i`` umfaf nbelsa elle) l}izu, c|u umly fsl uml {i``z bh kslfu hb`d, z|jm fz {lsl fjj|zubnle ub{iualzz uml diak’z jmfsulsz, mfe umlis b{a {i``z {iualzzle bs jbahisnle cy cizmbwz fae

diakz, fae mlè jmfsulsz bh umlis b{a4 fae iu iz cy ab nlfaz j`lfs umfu uml `faez elfù {ium iaumlzl {i``z {lsl mlè fz bseiafsy hb`d.`fae! Ia zbnl jfzlz iu `bbdz fz ih f zwljif` ìjlazl bs jbazlau mfe clla slv|isle4 {l f`zb mlfs bh wlszizulau fuulnwuz cy uml mlisz ub eizw|ul lxlakihuz ub kslfu jm|sjmlz„ -‐Uml L}wfaziba bh uml Jbnnba @f{,„ ww! 6<8.;)!

Uml faf`bky {mijm Nfial wbiauz b|u -w! 3;9) clu{lla uml Sbnfa jlzzib ia i|sl faeuml Hialz fae Sljbxlsilz bh nleilxf` Lakìzm `f{ iz bh jb|szl kla|ial4 c|u n|jm lfsìls Klsnfaij l}fnw`lz bh f ìdl elxijl nfy cl hb|ae, umb|km abu ia Lak`fae! F|h`fzz|ak iz umlnbelsa Klsnfa ulsn! Nlumbez bh umiz diae, {mla bajl fzjlsufiale ub cl lhhijilau, fsl bhula|zle nlsl`y cy {fy bh fc|aefau jf|uiba ia zwiul bh uml feeiuibaf` usb|c`l fae l}wlazl

iaxb`xle! C|u ia uml j`fzzijf` slf` wsbwlsuy `f{ bh uml hihullaum jlau|sy Hial fae Sljbxlsy{lsl f`slfey ufdiak umlis w`fjlz fz slk|`fs zwljifìzle wfsuz bh f uljmaijf` nfjmialsy!



36<

ABULZ UB JMFWULS I]

ABUL S! JBAUSFJU IA LFS@Y @F[!

Slnlnclsiak umfu Nfial eie abu wsbhlzz ub {siul f uslfuizl ba Sbnfa `f{, {l zmf`àbu hb``b{ umiz csi`ìfau fae z|kklzuixl jmfwuls {ium f jsiuijf` lyl hbs elufi`z! C|u {l n|zuabul umfu Zfxikay’z l}w`fafuiba bh uml Zuiw|`fuiba fz fa ‐inwlshlju jbaxlyfajl„―fus|ajfule hbsn bh uml Al}|n -fcb|u {mijm, cy uml {fy, ìuu`l zllnz ub cl slf``y dab{a)―izabu fjjlwule cy fay sljlau f|umbs! Uml bsikia iz ab{ zb|kmu ia fa lfsìls slìkib|z

bcìkfuiba, wsbcfc`y cy bfum4 bwiaibaz eihhls, fz nikmu cl l}wljule, fz ub uml jbaolju|sfèlufi`z -N|ismlfe, 33.;4 Kisfse, 5=6, zvv!4 Wfjjmibai, ‐Fjuib l} zwbaz|,„ Cb`bkaf, 6===4_bjjb.Sbzf ia Faa|fsib el``b Izuiu|ub ei zubsif ei eisiuub Sbnfab, xb`! =, Jfufaif, 6973)! Ubz|jm fa bsikia uml hfju umfu uml {bsez ‐zwbaelz2 zwbaelb„ jb|è cl |zle ba`y cy Sbnfajiuilaz fwwlfsz ub wbiau, umb|km Zfxikay zusfakl`y hfi`le ub zll umiz4 fae ia nleilxf`Lakìzm `f{ {l fju|f``y hiae uml slìkib|z zfajuiba bh uml zwisiu|f` jb|suz iaulswbzle, ia umlafnl bh jbssljuiak uml ziah|` cslfjm bh wìkmule hfium -hieli `blzib), ub lahbsjl wsbnizlz{mijm {lsl zui`` nlsl {bsez hbs ulnwbsf` jb|suz, cb|ae fz umly {lsl ub uml fsjmfijjfulkbsilz bh hbsnz bh fjuiba! Lakìzm l}fnw`l f`zb zmb{z mb{ inwsbcfc`l iu iz umfu jbausfju

zmb|è cl elsixle hsbn fa inwlshlju jbaxlyfajl! Ia nleilxf` Lakìzm `f{ f elcu izjbazuiu|ule abu cy uml elcubs’z wsbnizl ub slwfy, c|u cy f z|wwbzle ksfau bh uml z|n ub umljsleiubs, fae uml jsleiubs’z fjuiba f``lklz ab wsbnizl, c|u iz ia l}fju`y uml zfnl hbsn fz fafjuiba ub sljbxls `fae, fae iz l}wslzz`y jf``le fa fjuiba bh wsbwlsuy! Mlsl {l mfxljbaxlyfajl lab|km! C|u uml fjuiba bh elcu {fz v|iul iajbnwlulau ub cljbnl uml zufsuiak. wbiau bh fay us|l `f{ bh jbausfju, fae {mla f {fy {fz hb|ae ub z|l ba iahbsnf` wsbnizlzb|uziel iuz ìniuz, umfu {fy {fz fùbklumls eihhlslau! F`` umiz iz ia ab elksll wslo|eijif` ub umlz|czufajl bh Nfial’z fsk|nlau, {mijm iz ub zmb{ umfu uml `f{ bh jbausfju, bs, ub cl l}fju,fay jbnwslmlazixl ebjusial bh jbausfju, fwwlfsz lxlsy{mlsl ba`y fu fa fexfajle zufkl bh `lkf` elxl`bwnlau! Umiz iz |aeb|cule`y zb|ae! Lxla uml j`fzzijf` Sbnfa `f{ ia iuz hiaf`

hbsn alxls fuufiale f slf``y klalsf` umlbsy bh jbausfjuz! \ùinful`y uml {fau {fz z|wwìle, c|u iu {b|è mfse`y cl ubb n|jm ub zfy bh uml jfabaizuz ba uml Jbauialau, jlsufia`y abu ubbn|jm ub zfy bh uml jbnnba `f{ylsz ia Lak`fae, umfu umly ubbd uml diakebn bh mlfxla cyxib`lajl -jw! ny ‐B}hbse @lju|slz,„ 6=97, ww! <9.834 elufi`z fae slhlslajlz hbs uml Lakìzmmizubsy ia Wb``bjd ba Jbausfju, ;um le! 6:8, 6;74 uml |zl bh uml zwljif``y Lakìzm ulsn



368

Jbazielsfuiba ub slwslzlau uml Sbnfa jf|zf iz ubb efaklsb|z f ìclsuy ub cl f``b{le ub fay`lzzls nfa umfa Nfial)!

Nfial jlaz|slz |aafnle Lakìzm jsiuijz -w! :33) hbs ielauihyiak uml v|fzi.jbausfjuz bh uml Jixi` @f{ -uml ulsn iz, bh jb|szl, abu j`fzzijf`) {ium uml inwìle jbausfjuz bh umlJbnnba @f{! C|u uml us|um iz umfu umiz `fuuls l}wslzziba iz, bs xlsy `ful`y {fz, fncik|b|z!Slf` fksllnlauz nfaihlzule cy fjuz fae jbae|ju, fae abu cy {bsez, {lsl jbazufau`y zwbdlabh fz ‐inwìle„ jbausfjuz ia Lakìzm cbbdz, fz Nfial zfyz, fu uml uinl {mla ml {sbul fae

`bak fhuls{fsez! Um|z uml Iaeifa Jbausfju Fju bh 6=;3 elj`fslz umfu f wsbnizl nfelbumls{izl umfa ia {bsez iz zfie ub cl inwìle! Mlsl f slf` fksllnlau iz iahlssle fz f hfju! C|uf`zb nfay ‐sl`fuibaz slzlncìak umbzl jslfule cy jbausfju„ -ub |zl fkfia uml `fak|fkl bh umlIaeifa Fju) fsizl hsbn hfjuz {mijm ia Sbnfa `f{ {b|è wsbe|jl fa bcìkfuiba v|fzi l}jbausfju|! Z|jm hfjuz, |aels uml Jbnnba @f{, nfy wsbe|jl fa bcìkfuiba fzjsicle ia umlbè zyzuln bh w`lfeiak ub f hijuiuib|z wsbnizl, {mijm wsbnizl {fz zfie ub cl ‐inwìle„ cyuml `f{! Umlsl fsl umlslhbsl zb.jf``le inwìle jbausfjuz ia b|s `f{ {mijm nfy v|iul wsbwls`y cl jbnwfsle {ium uml v|fzi.jbausfjuz bh uml Sbnfa `f{4 umly jbxls, iaelle, n|jm bh umlzfnl ksb|ae! Bh `ful ylfsz uml ulsn V|fzi.jbausfju mfz clla h|``y afu|sfìzle ia umlFnlsijfa `f{ zjmbb`z, fae cy umiz uinl iu iz hfis`y {l`` dab{a ia Lak`fae! ‐Jbazus|juixl

jbausfju„ {b|è mfxl clla jbsslju fae ia mfsnbay {ium uml klalsf` |zfkl bh uml Jbnnba@f{, c|u ab bal zllnz lxls ub mfxl |zle iu!

Bal slz|ù, fae f zbnl{mfu inwbsufau bal bh bczlsxiak mb{ `ful fae z`b{ bh ksb{umfay klalsf` ebjusial bh jbausfju mfz clla ia fay zyzuln bh jixiìzle `f{ iz ub zuslakumla umljbaxijuiba umfu f m|kl fafjmsbaizn iz iaxb`xle ia umbzl wbìuijf` umlbsilz {mijm zlld ubnfdl jbausfju uml hb|aefuiba bh f`` wbziuixl `f{ fae lxla bh kbxlsanlau iuzl`h! Iu zmb|è clabule umfu uml ebjusial bh uml Zbjif` Jbausfju iz n|jm lfsìls umfa fwwlfsz ia Nfial’zzufulnlau, fae umfu uml umlbsy bh uml eixial sikmu bh diakz, ub {mijm Nfial f``|elz xlsy

csilh`y, {fz ia iuz bsikia eisljule abu fkfiazu wbw|`fs ìclsuy c|u fkfiazu wfwf` faeljj`lzifzuijf` j`finz ub z|wslnfjy ia ulnwbsf` fz {l`` fz zwisiu|f` fhhfisz, fz Ns! O! Alxi``lHikkiz mfz zmb{a fu `fskl ia miz `lfsale fae fj|ul nbabksfwm -‐Uml Umlbsy bh uml EixialSikmu bh Diakz,„ Jfncsiekl, 6=98)!

[l mfxl zfie umfu uml j`fzzijf` Sbnfa zyzuln bh jbausfjuz {fz abu umlbsluijf``yjbnw`lul4 c|u umiz eie abu wslxlau uml eizjbxlsy umfu sikmuz jb|è cl hsll`y fae `fskl`ynbeihile cy jbausfju -hbs f eizjbxlsy umiz {fz ub uml nla bh uml Niee`l Fklz, {mla umlslxixle zu|ey bh Sbnfa `f{ nfel uml hfju wsbnialau) hsbn l}lsjiziak f hfzjiafuiba {mijm izabu fu f`` l}fkklsfule ia Nfial’z slnfsdz fu uml lae bh umiz jmfwuls! Hbs f uinl umlsl {fz f

ulaelajy ub fzz|nl umfu lzufulz fae iaulslzuz ia `fae jb|è cl nbeihile {iumb|u ìniu fu uml{i`` bh wfsuilz, fae umiz {fz abu lhhlju|f``y jmljdle ia Lak`fae |aui` uml `fuuls wfsu bh umlumisullaum jlau|sy!



36;

ABULZ UB JMFWULS ]

ABUL Z! FSJMFIJ WSBJLE\SL!

Uml fjjb|au kixla cy Nfial bh uml zyncbìzn iaxb`xle ia uml @lkiz Fjuib Zfjsfnlauinfy cl ufdla fz klalsf``y jbsslju! Uml Zfjsfnlau|n iuzl`h, mb{lxls, zllnz, fjjbseiak ubuml klalsf``y sljlixle nbelsa bwiaiba, ub mfxl mfe uml elhiaiul fae wsfjuijf` w|swbzl bh csiakiak uml nfuuls ia eizw|ul {iumia uml mikmlzu o|sizeijuiba! Lfjm wfsuy z{lfsz ub uml o|zuijlbh miz jf|zl |aels f jbaxlauibaf` hbshliu, fae um|z uml diak, {mb iz f`zb jmilh wsilzu, iz

csb|kmu ia ub eljiel {mijm bh umln iz wlso|sle? ‐i` hf|u f| sbi, jmlh el `f slìkiba lu el `f o|zuijl jsinial``l, jmlsjmls v|i f sfizba!„ Uml zlwfsfuiba bh jixi` fae zwisiu|f` o|sizeijuiba|aels uml Slw|cìj `le ub uml fcbìuiba bh uml bfum -Kisfse, ‐Nfa|l`,„ ww! 6:, 9;;)! Ih umizbwiaiba iz sikmu, uml Wsflubs eblz abu slwslzlau f eizjsllu wfzzls.cy, abs ylu -fz nikmu f`zb cljbaolju|sle) uml xi``fkl lèlsz, c|u iaulsxlalz fz uml niaizuls bh uml diak’z o|zuijl, jbajlixleia uml hiszu iazufajl -fz iu {fz ia Lak`fae ia uml lfs`y Niee`l Fklz) fz fa l}usfbseiafsy o|zuijl fwwìjfc`l ba`y hbs zwljif` slfzbaz! Lakìzm slfelsz mfse`y alle ub cl slniaele bh umlhijuibaz cy {mijm uml Diak’z Clajm fae L}jmlv|ls l}ulaele umlis o|sizeijuiba ub bseiafsy w`lfz clu{lla z|coljuz!

Nfial’z slhlslajl ub uml usif` zjlal elzjsicle ia uml Iìfe , Ϊ! 59;.<7=, fz febsaiak umlzmilè bh Fjmi``lz, iz xlsy csilh4 c|u uml {mb`l zjlal iz bh z|jm iaulslzu hbs lfs`y `lkf` mizubsyumfu {l nfy cl f``b{le ub e{l`` ba iu f ìuu`l! Uml wbiau zwljif``y nfel cy Nfial iz umfu umlu{b uf`lauz bh kbè fsl f hll hbs uml nlncls bh uml jb|su {mb zmf`` cl umb|kmu ub zwlfd uml`f{ clzu! Ba umiz ml iz jbahisnle cy Es! [! @lfh’z xlsy jfslh|` iaulswslufuiba bh uml wfzzfklia miz abulz fe `bj!, fae miz lfsìls wfwls ia Ob|sa! Ml``! Zu|e ! xiii! 633! Umlsl iz ab eihhij|ùyfcb|u uml nfkaiu|el bh uml z|n, hbs uml Mbnlsij uf`lau slwslzlauz ba`y uml xf`|l bh bal b}-Siekl{fy ia Ob|sa! Ml``! Zu|e ! xiii! 6::)! [l zmf`` ab{ kixl Es! @lfh’z xlsziba!

‐Uml wlbw`l {lsl kfumlsle ia uml w`fjl bh fzzlnc`y, fae umlsl mfe zws|ak |w f zusihl4u{b nla {lsl zusixiak fcb|u uml wsijl bh f nfa z`fia! Uml bal fxlssle umfu ml mfe wfie iah|`` Tafnl`y cy ulaels bh uml c`bbe.hial umla fae umlsl clhbsl uml fzzlnc`y4 c|u Es! @lfh’zfùlsafuixl ia miz `fuls abulz ub uml Iìfe , Fwwlaei} I!, ”j`finle ub wfy,’ iz fz kbbe bs cluuls hbs uml ksfnnfs bh μôϋμυβ χΠξυ’ ζχβεβόξζι, fae nfdlz cluuls zlazl^, fae nfel elj`fsfuibaumlslbh ub uml wlbw`l, c|u uml bumls slh|zle ub fjjlwu f|kmu Tumiz iz uml wsbwls ieibnfuij



36=

nlfaiak bh ζξζξμυβ ¼λεμξ μδήϊνζι? ”elaile umfu ml mfe sljlixle fayumiak’ iz, lxla fwfsuhsbn uml jbaul}u, cfsl`y fenizzic`l^4 fae cbum {lsl elzisb|z ub ufdl fa izz|l fu uml mfae bh fefyznfa Tumiz wlszba, Iϊυωφ, z|nnbaz uml jb|aji` fae wslzielz, c|u uml o|eknlau mfz ub clumlisz4 ml iz nbsl ìdl uml zmlsihh ia uml bè jb|auy jb|su umfa f nbelsa o|ekl bs slhlsll^4 faeuml wlbw`l {lsl zmb|uiak hbs cbum, ufdiak wfsu hbs liumls ziel Tabu |aìdl z|jm kìnwzlz fzCsfjuba’z Abul Cbbd fae bumls zb|sjlz fhhbse |z bh uml clmfxib|s bh nleilxf` jb|auyjb|suz^! Fae uml mlsfèz {lsl slzusfiaiak uml wlbw`l, fae uml lèlsz zfu ba wbìzmle zubalz iauml mb`y jisj`l Tz|jm zubalz nfy cl zlla ba Efsunbbs ub umiz efy^, fae ia umlis mfaez umly

mlè uml j`lfs.xbijle mlsfè’z zufxlz! [ium umlzl umly sbzl |w fae kfxl zlaulajl ia u|sa4 faeia umlis niezu `fy u{b uf`lauz bh kbè ub kixl ub min fnbak umln umfu zwfdl uml o|zulzuebbn!„

Ia feeiuiba ub Es! @lfh’z slfzbaz hbs sloljuiak uml xil{ hbsnls`y j|sslau umfu umleizw|ul iz ba uml nlsl v|lzuiba bh hfju {mlumls f c`bbe.hial feniuule ub cl e|l mfz clla wfiebs abu, {l nfy bczlsxl umfu z|jm f wfynlau {b|è z|sl`y cl nfel ia f abubsib|z nfaals fae {ium fnw`l {iualzz, ub zfy abumiak bh uml wmyzijf` eihhij|ùy bh mfaeiak bxls zbnl zjbslbh jfuu`l -hbs z|jm {b|è cl uml nbzu ìdl`y hbsn bh wfynlau) fz wsixful`y fz nbelsa elcubszmfae bxls jfzm bs wbzu f jmlv|l!

Uml slz|ù iz umfu {l fsl jbahsbaule {ium fa fajilau Kslld c`bbe.hl|e ia fa iaulslzuiakzufkl bh usfaziuiba, umfu ia {mijm uml z`fia nfa’z diaesle fsl ab `bakls hsll ub fjjlwu bs slh|zl jbnwlazfuiba fu umlis {i``, c|u fsl l}wljule ub fcfaeba uml hl|e, ia f wsbwls jfzl, basljlixiak f z|n hi}le liumls cy j|zubn bs cy uml o|eknlau bh uml fzzlnc`y! Mbnijielfkksfxfule cy uslfjmlsy bs uml ìdl {b|è wsbcfc`y abu hf`` {iumia z|jm f s|`l4 fae umlfnb|au bh uml hial, ih {l nfy o|ekl cy uml wsfjuijl bh Ijl`fae fz elzjsicle ia uml Zfkfz,nikmu kixl nfuuls lab|km hbs eizj|zziba fnbak uml {izl nla lxla ih ab wslìniafsyv|lzuiba fsbzl! Iaeijfuibaz bh f zini`fs zufkl, umb|km abu j`lfs lab|km ub fnb|au ub wsbbh ih

umly zubbe f`bal, nfy cl hb|ae ia uml Fak`b.Zf}ba `f{z!

Umlsl iz ab v|lzuiba ia uml Mbnlsij ul}u bh f hbsnf``y jbnw|`zbsy o|sizeijuiba4 uml wfsuilz mfxl fkslle ub w|u umlnzl`xlz ba uml o|eknlau bh uml fzzlnc`y {mlumls ia f`` umljisj|nzufajlz, {mfulxls umly {lsl, ulaels bh uml j|zubnfsy hial b|kmu ub cl fjjlwule! C|u{mla z|jm xb`|aufsy slhlslajlz mfxl cljbnl jbnnba wsfjuijl {l fsl alfs uml wbiau fu{mijm umly jlfzl ub cl xb`|aufsy, fae uml wfsuy {mb zufaez b|u hbs {mfu hbsnls`y {b|èmfxl clla miz sikmu iaj|sz, fu f`` lxlauz, w|cìj slwsbcfuiba {mijm {i`` cl fa lhhijilauzfajuiba hbs nbzu w|swbzlz!

Nfial’z bwiaiba umfu ia uml iahfajy bh jsiniaf` o|sizeijuiba uml z|n wfie ub uml diak,bs uml Zuful, {fz abu wlaf`, c|u f hll hbs mlfsiak fae elulsniaiak uml jf|zl fu uml slv|lzu bh uml wfsuilz, ‐uml hfis wsijl bh iuz uinl fae usb|c`l,„ iz cbsal b|u cy `fuls slzlfsjmlz ia umlfauiv|iuilz bh Klsnfaij `f{! Z|jm {fz wsbcfc`y fu bal uinl uml {iul bh uml Fak`b.Zf}ba`f{z, umb|km iu iz uslfule fz wlaf` ia uml lfsìlzu ebj|nlauz {l mfxl! Ih bal hlfu|sl ia lfs`y wsbjle|sl nfy cl hi}le ba nbsl umfa fabumls fz nfsdiak uml sljbkaiuiba bh jsiniaf` fae



369

jixi` slzwbaziciìuy fz eizuiaju ia jmfsfjuls, umb|km bal fae uml zfnl fju nfy cl fae v|iuljbnnba`y iz cbum f {sbak fae fa bhhlajl, wlsmfwz iu iz uml fwwlfsfajl bh f zwljif` hial hbs cslfdiak uml wlfjl! Uml elxl`bwnlau bh uml diak’z wlfjl ia Lak`fae hsbn f wsixi`lklfuufjmle ub jlsufia wlszbaz, w`fjlz, fae bjjfzibaz, ub uml jbnnba sikmu bh lxlsy `f{h|` nfa cl`bakz ub fabumls fae `fuls zufkl!

TAbul 6^ Uml wfzzfkl v|bule iz usfazjsicle, {ium zìkmu fùlsfuibaz, hsbn f wfwls jbausic|ule cy uml f|umbs ub uml Jfncsiekl Lzzfyz hbs 6=<8!

TAbul 3^Jfncsiekl Lzzfyz, 6=<8!

T6 ^ Uml z|kklzuiba umfu iu iz uml afu|sl bh `f{ylsz ub eizuiak|izm {mlsl umlsl iz abeihhlslajl nfy wbzzic`y mfxl clla iazwisle cy Mbcclz’z jlaz|sl bh Jbdl ia miz Eif`bk|l bh uml Jbnnba @f{z bh Lak`fae ?―‐Zis Le{! Jbdl eblz zlèbn {l`` eizuiak|izm {mla umlslfsl u{b eixlsz Afnlz hbs bal fae uml zfnl umiak4 umb|km bal jbaufia uml bumls, ml nfdlzumln f`{fyz eihhlslau, fz ih iu jb|è abu cl umfu bal fae uml zfnl Nfa zmb|è cl cbum faLalny, fae f Usfyubs!„

T6 ^ Zlèla zwlfdz bh u{b jfzlz ia f jlsufia Iaals Ulnw`l NZ! bh Ylfs Cbbdz bh Le!II!, {mlsl Sbnfa ul}uz fsl lxla jiule {ium wsljizl slhlslajl ia uml fjj|zubnle hbsn bh jixiìfaz! C|u umiz NZ! iz abu ab{ ub cl hb|ae, fae, z|jm slhlslajlz cliak bumls{izl|adab{a ia bumls l}ufau Ylfs Cbbdz, iu iz zfhls, fz ny `lfsale hsilae Wsbhlzzbs Nfiu`faez|kklzuz, ub umiad umfu umly {lsl feele cy f zwljif``y `lfsale zjsicl!

T6 ^ @f xil el Nfizusl Jmfs`lz E| Nbìa, fexbjfu f| Wfs`lnlau el Wfsiz ! ! ! lu zf

nbsu jmslzuilaal lu jfumbìv|l! Wfs Nl O|ìla Csbelf|, fexbjfu f| nlznl Wfs`lnlau ! Wfsiz68<5, 5b!

T6 ^ ‐Abumiak umfu Sb|zzlf| mfe ub zfy fcb|u uml zuful bh afu|sl {fz zlsib|z`y nlfauhbs zjilauihij l}wbziuiba, fay nbsl umfa uml Zlsnba ba uml Nb|au {fz nlfau hbs wbìuijf`ljbabny„ -Obma Nbs`ly, ‐Sb|zzlf|,„ i! 6=:)!

T6 ^ Iu iz ab{ feniuule umfu nfssifkl cy jfwu|sl {fz wfsu bh uml lfsìlzu Klsnfaij `f{, c|u iu iz xlsy eb|cuh|` {mlumls iu z|sxixle uml iausbe|juiba bh Jmsizuifaiuy ia Lak`fae! UmlFak`b.Zf}ba csiel.wsijl fwwlfsz ub mfxl clla wfie abu hbs uml {ihl’z wlszba c|u hbs umlsikmuz bh {fsezmiw -Mflùial, ‐_|s Klzjmijmul els Lmlzjmìlzz|ak afjm fakl`zåjmzizjmlnSljmu,„ Clsìa, 697<)!

T6 ^ O! H! Nj@laafa’z bwiaiba, {mijm ml iaulaele ub elxl`bw hfsumls fae wsbxl iaelufi`, {fz umfu umiz j`fzzihijfuiba mfe abumiak ub eb {ium jbazfak|iaiuy, c|u {fz f zyzuln bh nbelz bh zf`|ufuiba4 fae umiz iz f`zb nfiaufiale cy Es! [lzulsnfsjd! Nbskfa, ba uml bumls mfae, {b|è f``b{ ab nlsiu ub Nj@laafa’z {bsd fae umb|kmu uml ulsn ‐l}bkfny,„ ab{klalsf``y febwule, |zl`lzz! Wsbhlzzbs Dbm`ls, fae `lzz eljiele`y Ns! Dbxf`lxzdy, fsl, I



clìlxl, uml ba`y sljlau f|umbsz wslwfsle ub fjjlwu fz f {mb`l uml jbazlv|lajlz esf{a cyNbskfa minzl`h hsbn uml ‐j`fzzihijfubsy„ zyzuln! Z|colju ub {mfu Nj@laafa nikmu mfxlfeele ih ml mfe ìxle, miz wfsuij|`fs ìal bh bcoljuiba o|zu nlauibale eblz abu zllnz|hhijilau! Ns! Faesl{ @fak’z jbaj`|zibaz fsl fcb|u lv|f``y slnbul hsbn cbum zjmbb`z4 zlluml feeiuibaf` wfsfksfwm fu uml lae bh umiz abul!

T6 ^ L}ufau {i``z bh uml wlsibe {mijm w|swbsu ub elxizl wfsjl`z bh `fae -Nfeb} Hbsn

Ancient Law Legal Fiction Sir Henry Sumner Maine, Ancient Law

Documents

Transcript of Ancient Law Legal Fiction Sir Henry Sumner Maine, Ancient Law