We don’t know a lot about them, mostly sailors and traders

Giant palace at Knossos Worshipped bulls as sacred Unsure about what happened to them, but

Mycenaeans conquered them in the end Mycenaeans speak Indo-European language The Trojan war (Mycenae and Troy) Iliad and Odyssey (possibly by Homer)

Called polis Developed this way partially because of

the rocky, island geography Adapted culture from others, example

Phonecian alphabet Created acropolis First to use the idea of “citizens” Government: Monarchy to aristocracy to

oligarchy New military technique: phalanx!

"Life is short, the art long." “Wise men speak because they have

something to say; Fools because they have to say something.”

The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.

Wisdom begins in wonder.

Dorians Citizens= male, native-born, over 30yrs old Males trained to be soldiers from birth

Unhealthy children killed Encouraged to steal to build to develop skills Spent most of their lives in the military barracks

Women had to be fit to birth strong children Had some rights to own property

Isolated from other city-states

People unhappy, move towards DEMOCRACY Solon (wise leader) reforms Athens:

Ends debt slavery, grants citizenship to foreigners Limited democracy

Only citizens No women, merchants or slaves

Women: Religion and home life No voting, run the house, usually married at 13

Education Only males that could afford it

Zeus- King of the Gods Hera- wife of Zeus, protector of marriage Apollo- God of music, truth Athena- goddess of love Aphrodite- goddess of love Poseidon – god of the Sea Ares- God of War

499 BC Ionians rebel against Persian rule (they had been part of the Persian empire), Athens sends ships to help

Persia wins, but is mad at Athens for the ships In 490 BC Darius I of Persia attacks Marathon

(near Athens), Athens somehow wins. In 480 BC Xerxes attacks again at Thermopylae

(Spartans fight to the last man, but lose) Persians head south, burn Athens, but lose at

Salamis b/c of narrow port

Athens decides that for protection sake the city-states should create an alliance (called the Delian League)

Athens heads the Delian League, often uses the money/resources to rebuild its own city-state.

Sparta and others create the Peloponnesian League in opposition

Unstable Greece is an advantage to Philip II of Macedonia

After creating alliances with Greek states Philip is able to defeat Athens and Thebes to control all of Greece.

After his father (Philip) is murdered Alexander takes over the empire.

At only 20 years old Alexander takes on the massive Persian empire and wins!

After conquering Persia he wants to push on towards India

In India his troops see men mounted on war elephants, Alexander’s horse is killed.

Soldiers tired of marching and fighting, they decide to return to Babylon.

In Babylon Alexander catches a fever and dies at just 32 years old.

Marched for 11 years over 20,000 miles and never lost a battle

United an area of over 22 million square miles.

Socratic method Socrates put to death for “corrupting youth

and disrespecting the gods” Plato writes The Republic

3 classes of society: workers, soldiers, philosophers

Founded the “Academy” Aristotle questions all forms of government

Reason is the guiding force for all actions Idea of “Golden Mean”, a middle ground between

extremes

Monuments need balance (ex. Parthenon) Sculptures and statues start to look more

life-like, not rigid like early Greece and Egypt.

Drama developed from religious festivals for the god of fertility and wine, Dionysus.

Websites: www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ancientgreece/classics/the

atre/intro.shtml http://libary.thinkquest.org/CR0210200/

ancient_greece/face_memory.htm Tragedies were the most popular, especially

those of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides Oresteia, Antigone

Comedies often made fun of politicians and important people in society

Pythagoras creates Pythagorean Theorem

Archimedes developed the ideas of physics (lever and pulley)

Hippocrates is one of the innovators of medicine (Hippocratic oath)