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Ancient Egyptians OBJECTIVE: Analyze the cultural achievements of the Ancient Egyptians.
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Transcript of Ancient Egyptians OBJECTIVE: Analyze the cultural achievements of the Ancient Egyptians.
Ancient Ancient EgyptiansEgyptians
OBJECTIVE: Analyze the cultural achievements of the Ancient Egyptians.
Environment• Nile River
– flows north – longest in world– flooding provides silt
• predictable
– farming• wheat• barley
– irrigation– travel & trade
Environment• Nile River
– worshipped by Egyptians as god who gave them life
• East – land of living– sunrise
– cities, temples
• West – land of dead– sunset
– tombs
Environment• Deserts
– lack of rain– Arabian
• east of Nile
– Libyan• west of Nile
– both are part of Sahara
– Villages & cities built along Nile River
• first farming villages about 5000 BCE
Quick Write• What are some geographical similarities
between Egypt and Mesopotamia?
Egypt Unites• Menes (Narmer)
– King who united Upper & Lower Egypt into one kingdom
– Double crown around 3000 BCE
– Capital at Memphis
Deshret of Lower Egypt Hedjet of Upper Egypt
Pschent
Ptolemy VI
Pharaohs: God KingsPharaohs: God Kings
• Theocracy– government in which rule
is based on religious authority
• Pharaohs– fully responsible for
kingdom• religion• military• run government• promote justice & truth
– believed to make sun rise
Pharaohs: God KingsPharaohs: God Kings• Ka
– eternal life force of king
– continued after death– needs & pleasures
must continue to be met
Pharaohs: God KingsPharaohs: God Kings
• Pyramids– final resting place– represent economic strength, technology &
leadership of Egyptian civilization
ReligionReligion• Polytheistic
– more than 2000 gods & goddesses
– believed in afterlife• Anubis
– weighed each dead person’s heart
• all classes prepared for burials
• upper classes had great tombs
– filled with clothes, gems, tools, art
Ancient Ancient EgyptiansEgyptians
Part IIPart II
OBJECTIVE: Analyze the cultural achievements of the Ancient Egyptians.
Pyramids• built by peasants• Giza
– completed about 2556 BCE
Pyramid of KhufuPyramid of Khufu• an almost perfect square (deviation .05%)
• Orientation is exactly North, South, East, West
• 2,300,000 blocks, almost 500 ft high
• 20 years to build
• Average block weighs 2.5 tons– Some weigh 9 tons!
Social ClassesSocial Classes1. king, queen, family
2. wealthy landowners, gov’t officials, priests, army commanders
3. artisans & merchants
4. peasant farmers & laborers
– largest
5. slaves from war
WritingWriting• Hieroglyphics
– “sacred carving”– started with pictures– grew to resemble an
alphabet– first on stone & clay
• later papyrus
WritingWriting• The Rosetta Stone
– discovered by Napoleon’s troops
• 1799
CalendarCalendar• Features:
– 365 days– 12 months– 30 days each– 5 holidays– tracked:
• flooding• planting• harvesting
ArtworkArtwork
ArtArt
HistoryHistory• Old Kingdom
– 2660-2160 BCE– ends with decline
of pharaohs influence
• civil wars
HistoryHistory• Middle Kingdom
– 2060-1750 BCE– strong pharaohs
• restored order
– improved irrigation, trade, transportation with canal from Nile to Red Sea
– Hyksos invade• from Palestine• rule from 1630-1523
BCE
HistoryHistory• New Kingdom
– 1550-1070 BCE– Ahmose I expelled the
invading Hyksos and reunited Egypt
– Known as the Empire period
HistoryHistory• New Kingdom
– Militaristic & imperialistic nature
– incorporated chariot, bronze, horses
– development of a professional army
– became a slave based economy fueled by war and expansion
HistoryHistory• Ramses II
– 1279-1213 BCE– greatest New
Kingdom ruler– military leader of Egypt– expanded into
southern Turkey– built many monuments
to himself– last gasp of Egyptian
power