Ancient Egypt

Mr. Pagliaro

Seymour High School

A View of Egypt by SatelliteA View of Egypt by Satellite

Nile Delta

Deshret:

Sahara Desert

Kehm

et: Nile R

iverNubianDesert

Red Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Lower Egypt

Upper Egypt

Fertile Nile ValleyFertile Nile Valley

Egypt: Gift of the NileEgypt: Gift of the Nile

• Annual Flooding

Irrigation: the ShadufIrrigation: the Shaduf

HieroglyphicsHieroglyphics

Hieroglyphic “Cartouche”Hieroglyphic “Cartouche”

Hieratic ScriptHieratic Script

Egyptian ScribeEgyptian Scribe

Papyrus PaperPapyrus Paper

Papyrus PlantPapyrus Plant

Hieratic Scroll PieceHieratic Scroll Piece

Champollion & the Rosetta StoneChampollion & the Rosetta Stone

24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols

24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols

Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”

Egyptian Math & DraftsmanshipEgyptian Math & Draftsmanship

1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

What number is this?What number is this?

Egyptian Creation MythEgyptian Creation Myth

The Gods & Goddesses Nut (Sky), Geb (Earth), their children Osiris (The Nile, the afterlife) and Isis (magic), and the God Thoth (Knowledge) and

Goddess Maat (Truth & Justice) who aided their birth against the will of Ra.

Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:“The Sacred ‘Trinity’”

Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:“The Sacred ‘Trinity’”

Osiris Isis Horus Osiris Isis Horus

The Ankh – The “Cross” of Life

Preparations for the UnderworldPreparations for the Underworld

Priests protected your KA, or soul-spiritPriests protected your KA, or soul-spirit

ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.

ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.

Materials Used in Mummification

Materials Used in Mummification

1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankinsense

1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankinsense

Egyptian MummiesEgyptian Mummies

Seti I1291-1278 B. C.

Seti I1291-1278 B. C. Queen Tiye, wife

of Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C.

Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II

1210-1200 B. C.

Ramses II1279-1212 B. C.Ramses II

1279-1212 B. C.

Journey to the UnderworldJourney to the Underworld

A boat for the journey is

provided for a dead pharaoh in

his tomb.

A boat for the journey is

provided for a dead pharaoh in

his tomb.

The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.”

The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.”

Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants in the Afterlife

Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants in the Afterlife

Egyptian Priestly ClassEgyptian Priestly Class

Preparation for the Afterlife

Preparation for the Afterlife

Egyptian Egyptian Book of the DeadBook of the Dead

Anubis Horus Osiris Anubis Horus Osiris

The Final JudgmentThe Final Judgment

Ammut:

Devourer

of Souls

Periods Time FrameNile Culture Nile Culture

BeginsBegins3900 B.C.

ArchaicArchaic c.3500 – 2650 B.C.

Old KingdomOld Kingdom c. 2650 – 2134 B.C.

Middle KingdomMiddle Kingdom c. 2040 – 1640 B.C.

New KingdomNew Kingdom c.1550 – 1070 B.C.

Egyptian HistoryEgyptian History

Archaic PeriodArchaic Period

c. 3050 B. C. ?c. 3050 B. C. ?

Menes: Unified Upper/Lower EgyptMenes: Unified Upper/Lower Egypt

Narmer PaletteNarmer Palette

MastabasMastabas

Old KingdomOld Kingdom

• Pharaoh = king & god– Complete power– Owned everything– Ruled w/ help of Viziers

• Only nobility were mummified

• Old Kingdom = Period of Pyramid Building

Egyptian Social HierarchyEgyptian Social Hierarchy

Ancient Egyptian HousingAncient Egyptian HousingMiddle Class HomesMiddle Class Homes

Peasant Homes

Peasant Homes

Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life

Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life

Stepped Pyramid at SaqqaraStepped Pyramid at Saqqara

Built for Pharaoh Pharaoh Djoser

Djoser (Zo-zer) by the vizier ImhotepImhotep

Stacked mastabas

“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu

“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu

Giza Pyramid ComplexGiza Pyramid ComplexNorth 6 mm. at either end

East 6 mm. at either end

South10 mm. at West end,30

mm. at East end

West30 mm. at either end

North0° 2’ 30” W of true N

East0° 1’ 57” N of true E

South 0° 5’ 30” W of true N

West 0° 2’ 28” N of true E.

Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu

Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu

480.6 feet

Nearly 6 feet

The Great Pyramid is over 81 times as tall as Mr. Pags.

New Kingdom

Removal of the Hyksos

• Ahmose

• Queen Ahotep

• Kamose-brother of Ahmose

Thutmose III1504-1450 B. C.

Thutmose III1504-1450 B. C.

Ramses II1279-1212 B. C. Ramses II

1279-1212 B. C.

Tutankhamen1336-1327 B. C.Tutankhamen

1336-1327 B. C.

Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs

The Valley of the Kings

Temple of Queen Hatshepsut

Temple of Queen Hatshepsut

1473-1458 B. C.1473-1458 B. C.

1st Tomb

Hatshepsut

• 1st female ruler

• Temples

• Obelisks

• Trade with Nubia & Punt

Thutmose III

• “Erase” Hatshepsut

• Expand trade w/ Nubia

• Created an empire– Conquered:

• Entire Nile Valley• Palestine• Syria

1352-1336 B. C. 1352-1336 B. C.

Ankhenaten: First Monotheist?Amenhotep IV

QueenNefertiti

Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922)

Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb

1336-1327 B. C.1336-1327 B. C.

King Tutankhamen’s Death Mask

King Tutankhamen

King Tutankhamen’s Tomb

Treasures From Tut’s TombTreasures From Tut’s Tomb

Ramses II: 1300s BC-1212 BC

• AKA Ozmandias

• Ruled 66 years

• Died around age 90

• 44-56 sons and 40-44 daughters

• Egypt’s largest size as empire

• Pharaoh from Bible?

Ramses II• Battle of Kadesh

Abu Simbel:Monument to Ramses II

Who Are These Strange People?

Routes of the “Sea Peoples”

Invasion c. 1100 BC

Invasion c. 1100 BC

Nubian/Kushite Kingdom

• Moved to Meroe– Modern Sudan– Traditional

Egyptian civ. moved south

What happened in Lower Egypt?

• From 1085-33 BC, invaded by-–Assyrians

–Persians

–Macedonian-Greeks

–Rome