Ancient civilizations teacher
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Transcript of Ancient civilizations teacher
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ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONSCentral and South America
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Olmec earliest known people in Mexico Swampy plain beside Gulf of Mexico Large group of farmers Corn – main crop No animals for meat Built temples, pyramids, huge statues Traded jade and obsidian Ancient ballgame – losers sacrificed to
gods Wore helmets and used hard rubber ball
Highly advanced – carved stone heads 40 tons and carried from 50 miles away
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Maya Guatemala, Honduras, and Yucatan Peninsula Some deep in rainforest Terraced hillsides to farm and raised fields in swampy areas Canals ran through fields Corn – most important crop Pyramid in center of city – worshipped gods there Villages densely populated Study the stars – pyramids and buildings 365 day calendar Complete writing system – hieroglyphics Counting system – 0, 1, 5 (symbol/pattern wrote any number) Mayans vs. Mayans – prisoners sacrificed/wanted riches and
power Offered human blood to gods to make them happy
Show dedication – pull thorns through hole in tongue Pok-ta-tok - ancient ballgame – used leather padded hips/elbows
to hit 5 lb. ball through mounted hoop (30ft) Civilization fell apart – war, famine, disease? Did not die out - ancestors still around
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Inca Andes Mountains along SA coast
Machu Picchu – most preserved city Peru, Ecuador, Chile and Bolivia People of the Sun – sun god like a parent Buildings made to survive earthquakes Terraced farming Canals and aqueducts – carry water to dry areas Spoke different languages – mountains separated Started schools to bring people together and to
teach one language No writing – used quipu (KEE POOS)– knots on string Wore ponchos/brightly colored clothing Made 14,000 miles of roads Runners – messengers – relay style, 250miles a day,
and unified/control empire
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Aztec Group of warriors invaded Central Mexico Legend – eagle with snake on cactus – searched for 200 years Tenochtitlan – capital (modern day Mexico City) – covered 2,500
acres 200,000 population – biggest city in ancient Americas Island in lake – swampy area Citadel – palace in center Chinampas – raised fields – most farmers
Corn, beans, and peppers / flowers Calendars and math Hieroglyphics – picture writing Upper class – drink chocolate, eat meat – especially warriors Poor – special occasion – eat dog meat Military is big – power, glory, and wealth Doctors -1,000 medicines from plants – lower fever, stomachaches,
wounds Women (weave) inferior to men (school) Harsh and strict laws and punishment Conquered others
Taxes, slaves, sacrifices, learn skills, food, cotton, gold People feared and hated
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Aztec Cont.
Jaguar Knights – soldier of night sky Eagle Knights – soldier of sun Many gods Harsh laws and punishment Human sacrificed – gods wanted hearts
Used largest pyramid Doctors – 1,000 medicines from plants
Lower fever, cure stomachaches, heal wounds
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Spanish Conquest Cortes – Spanish soldier 1519 1521 conquered Aztecs and others Called New Spain Pizarro – conquered Inca for Spain 1530s Conquistadores - conquerors Natives became slaves – mined gold/silver and farmed Roman Catholic priest converted - some forced
Dogs of War Muskets and horses Natives thought they were gods Disease – natives had no resistance and caused
epidemic (widespread disease) Smallpox
Whole cultures disappeared Less than 100 years – controlled almost all of CA/SA