Ancient Celtic Writing Systems
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Transcript of Ancient Celtic Writing Systems
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Ancient Celtic Writing Systems
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Terminology
• Epigraphy/epigrapher: Study of inscriptions, which are composed of graphemes. These are the basic units of a writing system such as a letter or character or hieroglyph.
• Paleography: The study of ancient writing, including the dating of manuscripts. Archaeologist don’t usually study these things, but instead call in specialists.
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Forms Graphemes may Assume
• Ideograms: represents a concept.
Example: Chinese character.
• Logograms: represents the sound of a syllable.
Example: Mayan glyph.
• Alphabet: represents a phoneme.
Example: Roman letters.
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Tartessian
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Phoenicians establish trading colonies on the Iberian peninsula c. 800 BC.
Inscriptions begin in the mid 7th century BC.
The script uses the Phoenician alphabet. Phoenician was a Semitic language.
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The Tartessian script varied the symbols they used for a single consonant depending upon the following vowel.
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They are found engraved upon warrior stelae.
The inscriptions commemorate the dead.
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John Koch has decided that the language transmitted by the scipt was a Celtic language – and if true, it becomes the earliest attested Celtic language.
Koch further proposes that Iberia was the original Celtic heartland.
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Ogam
Ogam is the earliest form of writing found in Ireland. It was inscribed upon stones dedicated to a deceased individual.
Ogam stones were erected from the fourth to eighth century AD.
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The script is based upon late Roman Latin. The language of the inscriptions is Archaic Irish.
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• Thanks to ogam inscriptions we know about the phonetics of Archaic Irish.
• We also know something about changes in group identity from the Iron Age to the Early Medieval period. E.g. a people lived on the Dingle peninsula in the Early Middle Ages called the Corcu Duibne, “The Seed of Dub.” In the Iron Age they claimed to be descended from a goddess named Dovinias (Maqqi Muccoi Dovvinias).