Anatomy/Physiology Regional Practice Test 2017 Name: Date · Anatomy/Physiology Regional Practice...

Anatomy/Physiology Regional Practice Test 2017

Name: Date:

1. Station 1

True/False: There are more neurons than glialcells in the central nervous system.

A. True B. False

2. Which of the following is matched incorrectly totheir function?

A. Oligodendrocytes — synthesize myelin in theperipheral nervous system.

B. Satellite Cells — function as a precursor formuscle cells in the body.

C. Microglia — perform phagocytic functions inthe central nervous system.

D. Ependymal Cells — line ventricles ofcerebrospinal fluid in the brain.

3. Which glial cells are the most abundant in thecentral nervous system?

A. Ependymal Cells B. Schwann Cells

C. Oligodendrocytes D. Astrocytes

4. Axonal transport is fueled by the function ofwhich cellular structures?

A. Microvilli

B. Microtubules

C. Microfilaments

D. Intermediate Filaments

5. Which part of a neuron lacks voltage-gatedchannels?

A. Axon Hillock B. Synaptic Bulbs

C. Dendrites D. Node of Ranvier

6. Station 2

The spinal cord cross-section is characterized byhaving an internal matter and external

matter.

A. Gray, White B. Brown, White

C. White, Gray D. Brown, Gray

page 1

7. Where are the cell bodies of somatic motorneurons located?

A. Dorsal Root Ganglia

B. Basal Ganglia

C. Ventral Horn of Spinal Cord

D. Cerebellum

8. Which division of the nervous system is concernedwith “fight” or “flight” responses?

A. Enteric B. Altruistic

C. Pleural D. Sympathetic

9. True/False: Neuromodulators are chemicals thatlocally regulate or alter response of neurons toneurotransmitters.

A. True B. False

10. Which of the following does not characterize REMsleep?

A. Rapid eye movement

B. Twitching

C. Low heart rate and low breathing rate

D. Body arousal

11. Station 3

The following questions will refer to the diagramof the neuron above. Letters on the diagram abovemay be used more than once in the questionsbelow.

Select the letter that corresponds to synaptic bulbs.

12. Select the letter that corresponds to the axon.

13. Select the letter that corresponds to amitochondrion.

14. Select the letter that corresponds to a nissl body.

15. Select the letter that corresponds a dendrite.

page 2 Anatomy/Physiology Regional Practice Test 2017

16. Select the letter that corresponds to telodendria.

17. Select the letter that corresponds to an area ofvoltage-gated Ca2+ channels.

18. Select the letter that corresponds to an area ofligand-gated channels.

19. What is the classification of the neuron shownabove?

A. Bipolar B. Unipolar

C. Multipolar D. Nonpolar

20. Would action potentials propagate relatively slowlyin the neuron above in comparison to othernormal, myelinated neurons?

A. Yes B. No

21. Station 4

The following questions will refer to the diagramof the ventricles in the brain above. Letters on thediagram above may be used more than once in thequestions below.

Select the letter that corresponds to the 4th

ventricle.

22. Select the letter that corresponds to a lateralventricle.

23. Select the letter that corresponds to the 3rd

ventricle.


24. Select the letter that corresponds to the cerebralaqueduct.

25. Select the letter that corresponds to the 1st

ventricle.

26. Which glial cells line the ventricles?

A. Astrocytes B. Schwann Cells

C. Microglia D. Ependymal Cells

27. Which structure produces cerebrospinal fluid?

A. Enteric Plexus B. Choroid Plexus

C. Chorionic Plexus D. Meningal Plexus

28. Station 5

Which specific division of the nervous system ischaracterized by a long preganglionic axon, a shortpostganglionic axon, and ganglia located close toor within the walls of an organ?

A. Parasympathetic B. Central

C. Somatic D. Cephalic

29. Which specific division of the nervous systemhas its origin of innervation in a thoracolumbararrangement?

A. Somatic B. Sympathetic

C. Parasympathetic D. Basal

30. Cholinergic neurons synthesize and release whichspecific neurotransmitter?

A. Acetylcholinesterase

B. Acetyl coenzyme

C. Epinephrine

D. Acetylcholine

31. Adrenergic neurons synthesize and release whichspecific neurotransmitter?

A. Acetylcholine

B. Acetylcholinesterase

C. Norepinephrine

D. Adrenaline


32. Station 6

The above diagram shows electroencephalogramwaveforms that are well representative of brainactivity at certain times. The following questionspertain to this. Letters may be used more thanonce.

Select the letter that corresponds to beta waves.

33. Select the letter that corresponds to delta waves.

34. Select the letter that corresponds to waves with afrequency of 8–13 Hz.

35. Select the letter that corresponds to waves with afrequency of 4–7 Hz.

36. Select the letter that corresponds to waves presentwhen the nervous system is active (during periodsof sensory input and mental activity).

37. Select the letter that corresponds to waves presentduring emotional stress.

38. True/False: An electroencephalogram is ableto indicate if brain death has occurred in anindividual.

A. True B. False

39. Which of the following neurons are thoughtto contribute the most to electroencephalogramwaves?

A. Purkinje Cells B. Lugaro Cells

C. Renshaw Cells D. Pyramidal Cells


40. Station 7

Depolarization is caused by the movement ofions the cell.

A. Sodium, Out of B. Chloride, Into

C. Potassium, Out of D. Sodium, Into

41. Which of the following is not a factor that affectsvelocity of action potential conduction?

A. Axon Diameter B. Age

C. Temperature D. None of the above

42. What is the propagation of action potentials acrossmyelinated axons referred to as?

A. Saltatory Induction

B. Covalent Conduction

C. Saltatory Conduction

D. Nucleophilic Substitution

43. Which of the following is the name for the proteinthat mediates the last step of vesicular fusionnecessary for neurotransmitter exocytosis? Thismay have a positive or negative regulatory effect.

A. Synaptobrevin B. Syntaxin

C. Neurexin D. Synaptotagmin

44. Station 8

The following questions pertain to the diagram ofthe spinal cord cross section above. Letters maybe used more than once.

Select the letter that corresponds to the anteriormedian fissure.

45. Select the letter that corresponds to the graycommissure.

46. Select the letter that corresponds to a motorneuron.


47. Select the letter that corresponds to a funiculus.

48. Select the letter that corresponds to a dorsal horn.

49. Select the letter that corresponds to the area wherea canal containing cerebrospinal fluid is located.

50. Select the letter that corresponds to an area ofwhite matter.

51. Which type of ganglion is visible in the diagramabove?

A. Sympathetic trunk ganglion

B. Parasympathetic ganglion

C. Basal ganglion

D. Dorsal root ganglion

52. Which component of the meninges is innermost,surrounding the spinal cord?

A. Pia Mater

B. Arachnoid Mater

C. Subarachnoid Space

D. Epidural Space

53. Station 9

What is a reduction in sensitivity due to a constantstimulus referred to as?

A. Reception B. Adaptation

C. Inhibition D. Repression

54. Which of the following are involved directly withthe general senses?

A. Nocireceptors B. Thermoreceptors

C. Chemoreceptors D. All of the above

55. True/False: Type C fibers are myelinated and carryimpulses involved in the sensation of slow painsuch as burning and aching.

A. True B. False


56. Which of the following is not a tactile receptor inthe skin?

A. Pacinian Corpuscle B. Ruffini Corpuscle

C. Hassall’s Corpuscle D. Merkel Disk

57. What do central chemoreceptors directly monitor?

A. PO2 B. pH

C. A & B only D. A, B, & C

58. Station 10

Rest Station

59. Station 11

The lamina propria underlying the olfactoryepithelium contains , which produce athick mucus that traps odorant molecules.

A. Bowman’s Glands B. Brunner’s Glands

C. Ebner’s Glands D. Bauhin’s Glands

60. Which specific component of the brain connectssmells to emotions?

A. Geniculate Nuclei

B. Corticospinal Tracts

C. Limbic System

D. Reticular Activating System

61. There exist at minimum different typesof basic odors.

A. 5 B. 50

C. 5,000 D. 50,000


62. Which of the following statements regarding agingand olfaction is true?

A. Total number of olfactory receptors declineswith age.

B. Any remaining olfactory receptors during theaging process will lose their sensitivity overtime.

C. A & C only

D. A, B, & C

63. True/False: Olfactory data must be processedby the thalamus prior to being projected to thecerebral cortex.

A. True B. False

64. Station 12

Gustatory data is projected primarily to which lobeof the brain?

A. Insula B. Temporal Lobe

C. Occipital Lobe D. Parietal Lobe

65. Adults have approximately taste buds.

A. 3 B. 300

C. 3,000 D. 30,000

66.

Which type of lingual papilla is shown above?

A. Filiform Papilla

B. Fungiform Papilla

C. Circumvallate Papilla

D. None of the above

67. Which of the following tastes have G-proteincoupled receptors involved in their pathways?

A. Umami B. Bitter

C. Salt D. A & B only


68. Station 13

The following questions will refer to the diagramof the eye above.

Select the letter that corresponds to the cornea.

69. Select the letter that corresponds to the vitreoushumor.

70. Select the letter that corresponds to the layercontaining photoreceptors.

71. Select the letter that corresponds to the layer thatprevents light from scattering within the eye.

72. Select the letter that corresponds to what focuseslight on the retina.

73. True/False: There exists an even distribution ofrods and cones in the eye.

A. True B. False

74. Which neurotransmitter is released by photoreceptorcells in the eye?

A. Dopamine B. Glutamate

C. Serotonin D. Epinephrine

75. Station 14

The receptors of hearing are located in the.

A. Saccule B. Ampulla

C. Organ of Corti D. Utricle

76. What is the fluid in the in the membranouslabyrinth in the inner ear referred to as?

A. Endolymph B. Epilymph

C. Hypolymph D. Hyperlymph


77. The vestibule of the bony labyrinth in the innerear is primarily responsible for which sensation(s)?

A. Rotation of the head and torque

B. Moment of inertia and angular acceleration

C. Gravity and linear acceleration

D. Peripheral perception

78. The structure directly involved with staticequilibrium is the .

A. Macula

B. Tympanic Membrane

C. Fascicula

D. Trabecula

79. True/False: Otoliths press down to give the head asense of position.

A. True B. False

80. Station 15

Which type of stimulation is exhibited whena hormone is released in response to anotherhormone?

A. Hormonal Stimulation

B. Nervous Stimulation

C. Circulatory Stimulation

D. Gastric Stimulation

81. Which type of stimulation is exhibited when ahormone is released in response to changes inlevels of a nutrient or ion in the bloodstream?

A. Humoral Stimulation

B. Nervous Stimulation

C. Circulatory Stimulation

D. Gastric Stimulation

82. Which of the following is false regarding endocrinedown-regulation?

A. Decreases number of receptors

B. Decreases sensitivity to hormone

C. Occurs when blood levels of the hormone arelow



83. Two hormones are said to be when thefirst hormone allows the action of the second.

A. Synergistic B. Permissive

C. Inhibitory D. Secretory

84. Station 16

The chemical groups into which hormones can bedivided include.

A. Carbohydrates B. Steroids

C. A & C only D. A, B, & C

85. Which of the following is false about steroidhormones?

A. They are synthesized from cholesterol

B. They bind to intracellular receptors

C. They are modified from pre/pro-hormonesduring synthesis


86. A person whose gonads had to be partiallyremoved surgically would display which of thefollowing?

A. A secondary hyposecretion of gonadal steroidhormones

B. A primary hyporesponsiveness to gonadalsteroid hormones

C. A primary hyposecretion of gonadal steroidhormones

D. A primary hyporesponsiveness followed by asecondary hypersecretion

87. If an individual were to inject him/herself withlarge amounts of steroid hormones several times aday for a long period of time, you would expectto observe:

A. A downregulation of intracellular steroidreceptors in target cells

B. An upregulation of intracellular steroidreceptors in target cells

C. A permissive regulation of receptors in targetcells

D. A downregulation of G-protein-coupledreceptors in the cell membrane of target cells


88. Station 17

Which of the following hormones is/are synthesizedin the hypothalamus?

A. Oxytocin

B. Vasopressin

C. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

D. B & C only

89. Which of the following hormones are released bythe anterior pituitary gland?

A. Prolactin

B. Luteinizing Hormone

C. A & B only

D. A,B, & C

90. Which of the following is/are true aboutThyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) andAdrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)?

A. Both of these hormones are synthesized inthe anterior pituitary gland

B. Both of these hormones are synthesized inthe hypothalamus

C. A & C only

D. B & C only

91. Which of the following statements is/are true aboutthe adrenal glands?

A. Mineralocorticoids are produced by the zonareticularis

B. Corticosteroids are produced by the zonafasciculata

C. Parasympathetic axons stimulate the release ofepinephrine

D. A & C only

92. Station 18

Which of the following cells do not exist in theIslets of Langerhans?

A. Beta Cells B. Delta Cells

C. Epsilon Cells D. None of the above

93. What cells produce somatostatin in the Islets ofLangerhans?

A. Alpha Cells B. Delta Cells



94. What cells produce glucagon in the Islets ofLangerhans?

A. Alpha Cells B. Beta Cells


95. What cells produce insulin in the Islets ofLangerhans?

A. Alpha Cells B. Beta Cells

C. Delta Cells D. None of the above

96. Which cellular mechanism primarily regulates thesecretions of the Islets of Langerhans?

A. Ligand-Gated Channels

B. G-Protein Coupled Receptors

C. Voltage-Gated Channels

D. Leak Channels

97. Station 19

Which of the following contains THC and impairshippocampal function?

A. Caffeine B. Marijuana

C. Nicotine D. None of the above

98. Which of the following is a stimulant thatsuppresses melatonin?



99. Which of the following is highly addictive andcauses an increased release of neurotransmitterswithin the brain, primarily associated withpleasure?


C. Alcohol D. Nicotine

100. Which of the following is highly permeable andcan enter virtually any body tissue once in thebloodstream?

A. Marijuana B. Alcohol


101. Station 20

The three regions that make up the brain are thecerebrum, the cerebellum, and the .

A. Spinal cord B. Brain stem

C. Cauda Equina D. Conus Medullaris


102. Which of the following is a relay center forincoming sensory information?

A. Epithalamus B. Hypothalamus

C. Thalamus D. Cerebellar cortex

103. Which of the following secretes melatonin?

A. Pineal gland B. Hypothalamus

C. Epithalamus D. Pituitary gland

104. Which part of the midbrain secretes dopamine?

A. Tegmentum B. Pons

C. Medulla Oblongata D. Substantia Nigra

105. Which of the following is not located in thediencephalon?

A. Corpus Callosum B. Hypothalamus

C. Thalamus D. None of the above


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Anatomy/Physiology Regional Practice Test 2017 12/2/2017

1.Answer: B

2.Answer: A

3.Answer: D

4.Answer: B

5.Answer: C

6.Answer: A

7.Answer: C

8.Answer: D

9.Answer: A

10.Answer: C

11.Answer: F

12.Answer: D

13.Answer: B

14.Answer: A

15.Answer: C

16.Answer: E

17.Answer: F

18.Answer: C

19.Answer: C

20.Answer: A

21.Answer: D

22.Answer: A

23.Answer: B

24.Answer: C

25.Answer: A

26.Answer: D

27.Answer: B

28.Answer: A

29.Answer: B

30.Answer: D

31.Answer: C

32.Answer: C

33.Answer: A

34.Answer: D

35.Answer: B

36.Answer: C

37.Answer: B

38.Answer: A

39.Answer: D

40.Answer: D

Teacher’s Key Page 2

41.Answer: D

42.Answer: C

43.Answer: D

44.Answer: F

45.Answer: E

46.Answer: D

47.Answer: A

48.Answer: B

49.Answer: E

50.Answer: A

51.Answer: D

52.Answer: A

53.Answer: B

54.Answer: D

55.Answer: B

56.Answer: C

57.Answer: B

58.Answer:

59.Answer: A

60.Answer: C

61.Answer: B

62.Answer: D

63.Answer: B

64.Answer: A

65.Answer: C

66.Answer: C

67.Answer: D

68.Answer: B

69.Answer: G

70.Answer: E

71.Answer: D

72.Answer: A

73.Answer: B

74.Answer: B

75.Answer: C

76.Answer: A

77.Answer: C

78.Answer: A

79.Answer: A

80.Answer: A

81.Answer: A

82.Answer: C

83.Answer: B

84.Answer: C

85.Answer: C

Teacher’s Key Page 3

86.Answer: C

87.Answer: A

88.Answer: D

89.Answer: D

90.Answer: C

91.Answer: B

92.Answer: D

93.Answer: B

94.Answer: A

95.Answer: B

96.Answer: B

97.Answer: B

98.Answer: A

99.Answer: D

100.Answer: B

101.Answer: B

102.Answer: C

103.Answer: A

104.Answer: D

105.Answer: D

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