Anatomy Unit 1 Notes: Hearing & Equilibrium
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Transcript of Anatomy Unit 1 Notes: Hearing & Equilibrium
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ANATOMY
UNIT 1 NOTES:
Hearing & Equilibrium
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(1) Ear Design
• Ear is a well designed funnel:– Sound waves spiral down into auditory canal.– Sound Waves smack against ear drum (tympanic
membrane).
• Sound Path:1. Inside ear
2.Tympanic Membrane (Ear Drum)
3.Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup (3 Bones)
4.Oval Window of Cochlea
5.Fluid within Cochlea
6.Cochlear Nerve and Brain
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(2) Cochlea
• Cochlea = Snail like structure in inner Ear.
• Contains receptors for balance and equilibrium.
• Contains receptors for pitch and frequency.
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(3) Equilibrium & Balance
• Your ears keep track of your body’s position.
• Equilibrium receptors lie within the cochlea (they are called the Vestibular Apparati).
• 2 Types of Equilibrium:– Static– Dynamic
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(4) Static Equilibrium
• Static = Tells brain the basic position of head.– Up, Down, Left, Right, Forward, Back
• Uses Receptors called the Macuale:– On top of maculae lies the otolithic membrane
(gel-like membrane)– When Head Moves Otoliths Move!– Movement of otoliths places pressure on
maculae, sending message through vestibular nerve to brain.
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(5) Dynamic Equilibrium
• Dynamic = Tells brain the more detailed positioning and movement of the head.– Rotations and Angles
• Uses the Semicircular Canals of Cochlea:– Contain channels called Crista Ampullari.– Crista Ampullari contain receptor cells,
endolymph fluid and a capula cap.– When head turns, fluid pushes against capula
cap, stimulating receptors, and sending message to brain.
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(6) Motion Sickness• The result of an inefficient dynamic
equilibrium…– Receptors either too sensitive or too slow at
sending messages
• Cause:– Too many visual messages– Too many inner ear messages– Visual conflicts with Inner Ear
• Unique to each individual
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(7) Deafness
• Deaf = Any hearing loss
• Types:– Conduction– Sensorineural
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(8) Conduction Deafness
• Something Blocks Tympanic Membrane
• Sound Waves cannot reach Ear Drum + Inner Ear
• Causes:– Ear Wax– Ruptured Ear Drum– Injured Hammer, Anvil and/or Stirrup
• Usually Temporary, Solved by Surgery
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(9) Sensorineural Deafness• Damage to actual parts of ears:
– Receptor Cells– Cochlea– Vestibular Nerve
• Can be hereditary, damage from disease/virus, damage from loud noises
• Often permanent