Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 2 chemistry- part 2
Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 2 chemistry- part 1
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Transcript of Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 2 chemistry- part 1
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Chapter 2Part 1: Basic Chemistry
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I. Matter vs. EnergyMatter
Has massAffected by gravity
Consists of elements and compounds
EnergyMoves matterPotential, kinetic
Ability to do work
ConversionsSound, light, heat
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Element “pure” substance Can’t be broken
down by “ordinary” means to another substance
Ex. hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N)
Compound 2+ different
elements combined in a fixed ratio
Ex. H2O, CO2
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Elements of Life• 25 elements
•96% : C, O, H, N
•~ 4% : P, S, Ca, K & trace elements (ex: Fe, I)
Hint: Remember CHNOPS
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II. Atomic Structure• Atom = smallest unit of
matter that retains properties of an element
• Subatomic particles:
MassMass(dalton or (dalton or
AMU)AMU)
LocationLocation ChargChargee
neutronneutron 11 nucleusnucleus 00
protonproton 11 nucleusnucleus +1+1
electronelectron negligiblenegligible shellshell -1-1
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symbol4
2 HeAtomic # (protons or electrons)
Mass # (protons + neutrons)
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Isotopes# neutrons varies, but same # of protonsRadioactive isotopes used as tracers
(follow molecules, medical diagnosis)Uncontrolled exposure causes harm
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III. Chemical BondsStrongest Bonds:1. Covalent: sharing of e-
Polar: covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativityElectrons not shared equally
Nonpolar: e- shared equally; eg. O2 or H2
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III. Chemical BondsStrongest Bonds:2. Ionic: 2 ions (+/-) bond (givers/takers)
Na+Cl- affected by environment
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Weaker Bonds:3. Hydrogen: H of polar covalent molecule
bonds to electronegative atom of other polar covalent molecules
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BondsCovalent Ionic Hydrogen
All important to life
Form cell’s molecules
Quick reactions/ responses
H bonds to other electronegative
atoms
Strong bondWeaker bond (esp. in H2O) Even weaker
Made and broken by chemical reactions
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Similar shapes = mimicSimilar shapes = mimic morphine, heroin, opiates mimic morphine, heroin, opiates mimic
endorphin (euphoria, relieve pain)endorphin (euphoria, relieve pain)