ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

DAY 2

Video: Der mensch als industriepalast

Better depiction of Anatomy or Physiology?

System Function Matching!

• PROTECTS!

Integumentary System

• SUPPORT!• BLOOD CELLS

FORMED WITHIN BONES

Skeletal System

• MOVEMENT!• PRODUCES HEAT

Muscular System

• CONTROL SYSTEM!

Nervous System

• SECRETES HORMONES THAT REGULATE GROWTH, REPRODUCTION, AND METABOLISM

Endocrine System

• TRANSPORTATION!

Cardiovascular System

• DEFENSE!

Lymphatic System

• GAS DELIVERY AND EXCHANGE (O2 AND CO2)

Respiratory System

• PROCESSES FOOD• ABSORBS NUTRIENTS

Digestive System

• EXCRETES WASTES, WATER, AND SALTS

Urinary/Excretory System

• PRODUCES SEX CELLS AND HORMONES

Reproductive System

Male

Female

What is the term for largest classification of anatomy structures?

Gross

• Gross Anatomy– The anatomical position (see

right)– Directional and regional

terms

AnteriorPosteriorSuperiorInferiorMedialLateralProximalDistal

SuperficialDeepCephalicVertebralThoracicAppendicularBrachialLumbar

Anatomical Position

Body erect, feet together, palms facing forward, thumbs away from body.

Note: when talking about right/left, you are talking about the patients right or left side, not your own.

• Axial: head, neck and trunk. Contains dorsal and ventral cavities.

• Appendicular: upper and lower limbs

Divisions of the Body

• Describes the location of one part of the body in relation to another.

Relative Positions

• Superior: above another part or closer to the head

• Inferior: below another body part or closer to the feet

• Anterior (ventral): towards the front of the body (breastbone anterior to spine)

• Posterior (dorsal): towards the back of the body (spine posterior to the breastbone)

• Medial: toward the middle of the body

• Lateral: away from the middle, towards the outer side of the body

• Proximal: closer to the point of attachment to the trunk (elbow is proximal to the wrist)

• Distal: farther from the point of attachment to the trunk (knee is distal to the thigh)

• Superficial: toward or at the body surface• Deep: away from the body surface, more internal

Body planes and sections - cut into sections along a flat surface called a plane

(also called XS – cross section)

(also called coronal)

Body planes

• Body is 3D

• Can be split into three planes

• Sagittal• Coronal• Transverse

Sagittal Plane• Plane splitting the body

into two parts (left and right)

• Sagittal section is a cut made longitudinally along the body

• If it splits into two equal parts = midsagittal

Coronal Plane

• Plane which splits body into anterior and posterior section

• Ie. Facelift

Transverse Plane

• Separates body along horizontal plane

• Also called a cross section

• Will divide an organism into superior and inferior parts

Body Cavities

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg

Cavities

• Opening within body which protects internal organs, and allows transfer of materials/information

• 2 Divisions– Dorsal– Ventral

Dorsal Cavities

• Made up of two smaller cavities

• 1) Cranial Cavity – holds and protects brain

• 2) Spinal Cavity – column which runs through vertebra and protects spinal chord

Ventral Cavities Thoracic Abdominopelvic

Ventral Cavities• 1) Thoracic – chest area

(holds heart, lungs, and diaphragm)

• 2) Abdominopelvic – lower torso (holds digestive and reproductive organs)

Bovine Pleural Cavity Collapsed Lung in Pleural Cavity

Pleural cavity is the space between the membranes covering the chest wall and lungs.

Pleural cavity

Visible Human Project Video