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Anatomy of the Eye PPT SBB.When the eye views an object at all distances, the ciliary muscle...
Transcript of Anatomy of the Eye PPT SBB.When the eye views an object at all distances, the ciliary muscle...
AnatomyoftheEyeIntroduction
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AnatomyoftheEye
Bytheendofthismodule,youwillbeableto:
• Describetheanatomicalstructuresoftheeye.
• Identifythelayersoftheeye.
• Describethecontentsoftheeye.
• Describethestructuresassociatedwiththeeye.
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Lid,BrowandLash
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Eyebrow
Shorthairsrootedintheskinjustovertheuppermarginsoftheeye’sorbitalcavity.
Eyelid
The eyelidscover, protect,andlubricatetheeyeball.
Eyelash
Shorthairsborderingthedelicateeyestructure.Likeciliainotherpartsofthebody,theeyelashestrapforeignparticles.
AnatomyoftheEyeSegment2:InteriorViewoftheEye
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InteriorViewoftheEye
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Definitiontextforeachelementintheinteriorviewwillappearwhenrolledover.
Retina(example)here…
FocalPoint(example)here…
HowDoWeSee?
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1. Lightisreflectedfromtheobjectandpassesintheeyethroughthecornea.
2. Theirisregulatesthesizeofthepupil,theopeningthatcontrolstheamountoflightthatenterstheeye.
3. Behindthepupilisthelens,whichfurtherfocuseslight,oranimage,ontotheretina.
4. Theretinaisathin,delicate,photosensitivetissuethatcontainsthespecial“photoreceptor”cellsthatconvertlightintoelectricalsignals.
5. Theseelectricalsignalsareprocessedfurther,andthentravelfromtheretinaoftheeyetothebrainthroughtheopticnerve.
6. We“see”withourbrains;oureyescollectvisualinformationandbeginthiscomplexprocess.
AnatomicalDirections
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MedialandLateralTowardthecenterlineofthebody.Forexample,noseismedialtoeacheye,andfartherawayfromthecenterofthebody.
NasalandTemporalReferstothenoseandcanbesubstitutedformedial,andtemporalreferstothetempleareaoneithersideofthehead.
SuperiorandInferiorRefers toastructureaboveanotherandastructurebelowanother.
PosteriorandAnteriorTowardtherearoftheheadandtowardthefrontofthehead.
AnatomicalDirections
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AnteriorSegmentCornea,Iris,ciliarybody,crystallinelens
ChambersoftheAnteriorSegmentTheanteriorchamber,andposteriorchamber.
PosteriorSegmentEye’slargestcavity,andincludestheretinaandopticdisc.
CheckYourUnderstanding
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SHOWWHATYOUKNOWClickonananatomicalpartoftheeyeanddragittoitsproperlocation.
ClicktheCheckAnswerbuttonwhenyouarefinished.
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Brow
Lashes
Iris
Corneal-Scleral-Limbus
Retina
Sclera
Pupil
Conjunctiva
CheckAnswer
SHOWWHATYOUKNOWChoosethecorrectletterforeachanatomicalpartoftheeye.
ClicktheCheckAnswerbuttonwhenyouarefinished.
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A.Cornea
B.CrystallineLens
C.Retina
D.OpticNerveFibers
CheckAnswer
SHOWWHATYOUKNOWMatcheachpartoftheeyetoitsdescription.
ClicktheCheckAnswerbuttonwhenyouarefinished.
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Eyelid
Eyelash
Cornea
Pupil
CheckAnswer
Iris
A. [Eyelid]Theycover,protect,andlubricatethe eyeball.
B. [Eyelash]Shorthairsborderingthedelicateeyestructure.Likeciliainotherpartsofthebody,theeyelashestrapforeignparticles.
C. [Cornea]Thecornea isanteriortoboththelensandretina.Corneaistheclearfrontwindowoftheeyethattransmitsandfocuseslightintotheeye.
D. [Pupil]Theirisregulateslightthatenterstheeyethroughthepupil,theholeinthecenteroftheeye.
E. [Iris]Theirisisthecoloredorpigmentedtissueoftheeyejustbehindthecorneaandinfrontofthelens.Themusclesoftheiriscontractandexpandtochangethesizeofthepupilindifferentlightingconditions.
AnatomyoftheEyeSegment3:LayersoftheEye
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LayersoftheEye
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Thefibrouslayeristheoutermostlayerthatprotectsandsupportstheshapeoftheglobetoavoidopticaldistortion.
Thevascularlayeristhemiddlelayer;alsoknownastheuvea.Itsuppliesbloodtotheglobe.Itisanimportantsourceofoxygenandnutrientsfortheglobe.
Thenervouslayeristheinnerlayer,alsoknownastheretina.Ittransmitssensoryinformationaboutlighttothebrain.
TheFibrousLayer
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• Sclera
• Limbus
• Cornea
TheVascularLayer
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Choroid
StructureThechoroidliesbetweentheretinaandsclera.Itiscomposedoflayersofbloodvesselsthatnourishtheouterretina.
FunctionsThechoroidsuppliesnutrientstotheouterretinaandhelpsregulatetheoculartemperature.
TheNervousLayer
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Retina
StructureThenervouslayerortheretinaisacomplextissuethatmakesuptheinternaltwo-thirdsofthebackoftheeye.Itcontainsnervefibersthatarelongcellextensionsthroughwhichsensoryinformationtravels.
FunctionsTheretina,whichistheinnermostlayeroftheeye,performsthefunctionthatgivestheeyeitspurpose—itdetectslightandsendssensoryinformationtothebrainforprocessing.
LayersoftheCornea
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Definitionsofthecorneawillappearherewhenlearnerrollsover…
VascularLayer(Uvea)
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• Pupil
• Iris
• CiliaryBody
• Choroid
VascularLayer(Iris)
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StructureTheirisisthecoloredorpigmentedtissueoftheeyejustbehindthecorneaandinfrontofthelens.Themusclesoftheiriscontractandexpandtochangethesizeofthepupilindifferentlightingconditions.
FunctionTheirisregulateslightthatenterstheeyebymodifyingthesizeofthepupil,theholeinthecenter,andthroughconstrictionordilation.
VascularLayer(CiliaryBody)
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CiliaryMusclesTheciliarymusclesaltertheshapeofthelenstoadjustandfocusvisioninaprocesscalledaccommodation.
ZonularFibersThezonularfiberssuspendthelensfromtheciliarymuscles.
CiliaryProcessesTheciliaryprocessesarefinger-likeprojectionsfromtheciliarymusclesthatproduceaqueoushumor.
NervousLayer(Retina)
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Thereare10uniquelayersoftheretina.
Theyreceivelightfromanobjectandconvertitintoelectricalimpulsesthatarethentransmittedtothebrain.
NervousLayer(Fundis)
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Ophthalmoscope
Giveseye-careprofessionalanideaaboutthestateofthetissuesinthebackoftheeye,suchastheretina,choroid,andmajorbloodvessels.
NervousLayer(Fundis,Con’t_)
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TheFundis includes:
• Maculalutea
• Foveacentralis
• Opticdisc
AnatomyoftheEyeSegment4:ContentsoftheEye
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AqueousandVitreousHumor
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Theeye’santeriorandposteriorsegmentsarefilledwithfluids,orhumor.
Thisplaysavitalroleinmaintainingocularfunction.
Thesefluidsarecalledtheaqueoushumorandvitreoushumor.
AqueousandVitreousHumor
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AqueousHumorProduction.Fillstheanteriorsegmentoftheeye.Thin,clear,andwateryfluidproducedbytheepithelialtipsoftheciliarybody,locatedintheposteriorchamber.
Drainage.Flowsfromtheposteriorchamber,throughthepupil,intotheanteriorchamber,andthendrainsoutthroughtheanglethatbalancestheproductionanddrainagetomaintainintraocularpressure.
Function.Aqueoushumorsuppliesnutrientsforthelensandcorneaandcarriesawaywasteandcarbondioxide.
VitreousHumorThevitreous,madeupofthevitreousbodyandthevitreouscortex,fillsthelargecavitybetweenthelensandthefrontoftheretina.
Itismostlywater(roughly98%to99%)andmacromolecules.
Thecortex,orouterportion,iseasilydistinguishablefromthebodybecauseithasahighconcentrationofmatrixproteins.
CrystallineLens
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StructureThecrystallinelensisatransparent,flexiblestructurelocatedintheanteriorportionoftheeye,behindtheiris.
Mostofthelensismadeupoflensfibersthatarepackedintotight,onion-likelayersthatcontainsnobloodvessels.
Getsnutritionfromthefluidsthatsurroundit,primarilytheaqueous.
Externalportion,orcortex,hasahigherrateofmetabolismthanitsinternalportion,ornucleus.
FunctionThelenschangesshapetofocuslightraysontheretina,whichenablestheeyetoseeobjectsatarangeofdistances.
CrystallineLens
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Click on each arrow to see the six muscles and their positions in relation to the globe.
CheckYourUnderstanding
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SHOWWHATYOUKNOWWhenreferringtotheaqueousandvitreouspartsoftheeye,selectAforaqueousorVforvitreoustothefollowingquestions.
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[V]Composedmostlyofwater,itfillsthelargecavitybetweenthelensandthefrontoftheretina.
[A]Thin,clear,andwatery,itfillstheanteriorsegmentoftheeye.
[A]Flowsfromtheposteriorchamber,throughthepupil,intotheanteriorchamber,andthendrainsoutthroughtheangle.
[A]Suppliesnutrientsforthelensandcornea.
SHOWWHATYOUKNOWWhichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?
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A. Lightisrefractedasitpassesthroughthecorneaandcrystallinelensbeforeitreachestheretina.
B. Whentheeyeviewsanobjectatalldistances,theciliarymusclerelaxes.
C. Thenervouslayer,orretina,consistsoffiveseparatelayers.
D. Thecorneaactslikeanapertureonacamera,regulatinglightthatenterstheeye.
SHOWWHATYOUKNOW
Extraocularmusclesareacollectionofsixmusclesthatcontrolthemovementsoftheeyeballandarenamedforpositionstotheglobe.
qTrueqFalse
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SHOWWHATYOUKNOWTheeyeisanearlysphericalorganthatcontainsthreeconcentriclayers.Matchthethreeconcentriclayerstotheircorrectdescription.
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Fibrouslayer
Vascularlayer
Nervouslayer
Composedoftwostructures,thescleraandthecornea.
Madeupofthreesegments– theiris,theciliarybody,andthechoroid.
Referredtoastheretina,itconsistsof10uniquelayersthattransmitssensoryinformationaboutlighttothebrain.
SHOWWHATYOUKNOWFillintheblank.
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Theconjunctivaisathin,transparent,mucousmembranethatlinestheeyelidsandsclera,butnotthe_[cornea]__.
CONGRATULATIONS!
YouhavesuccessfullycompletedtheAnatomyoftheEyemodule.
Youshouldbeableto:• Describetheanatomicalstructuresoftheeye.• Identifythelayersoftheeye.• Describethecontentsoftheeye.• Describethestructuresassociatedwiththeeye.
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