anatomy of oral cavity & pharynx
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Transcript of anatomy of oral cavity & pharynx
![Page 1: anatomy of oral cavity & pharynx](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013105/55d7331dbb61eb43328b4608/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Triangles of neck
Lymph nodes level (neck)
Oral cavity
Pharynx
By: Ismah Haron
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TRIANGLES OF NECK
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Submandibular:
Facial vein
Cervical branch of facial
nerve
Submandibular salivary
gland
Facial artery
Lingual nerve &
submandibular ganglion
Lingual artery
Hypoglossal nerve
Submental: Submental lymph nodes
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CAROTID
(Root)Veins – common facial v., retromandibular v.,
post. Auricular v., facial v., external jugular v. and
anterior jugular v.
(Within) Nerves – XII n., root of C1, C2, C3
Arteries – common carotid artery, external carotid
artery, thyroid artery, occipital artery, lingual, facial
and internal carotid arteries.
Floor – superior laryngeal nerve, internal and
external laryngeal n.
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MUSCULAR/VISCERAL
Thyroid gland and its arteries
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Tracheal rings
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Occipital:
Spinal accessory n. (XI)
Superficial cervical cutaneous branches of cervical
plexus (C2-C4)
Supraclavicular:
Brachial plexus (superior C5 C6, middle C7, lower trunk
C8)
Subclavian artery
External jugular vein
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VERTEBRAL ARTERY TRIANGLE
Extending from the root of neck
Borders: scalenous anterior muscle, longus colli
muscle & superior aspect of subclavian a.
Contents: vertebral a., sympathetic trunk, common
carotid a., right recurrent laryngeal n. and phrenic
n.
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LYMPH NODES LEVELSubmental & submandibular group
Upper jugular group
Middle jugular group
Lower jugular group
Posterior triangle group – include supraclavicular LN
Anterior compartment:
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Submental LN
Upper jugular group
Posterior triangle group – include supraclavicular LN
Submandibular LN
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Submandibular group: Metastases ca arising from oral cavity, ant. nasal cavity, soft tissues structure of midface and submandibular gland
Upper jugular group: Metastases ca arising from oral cavity, nasal cavity,
pharynx, larynx and parotid gland
Middle jugular group: Metastases ca arising from oral cavity, nasal cavity,
pharynx and larynx
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Lower jugular group: Metastases ca arising from hypopharynx, cervical
esophagus and larynx
Post. Triangle group: Metastases ca arising from naso & oropharynx (VA)
and thyroid gland (VB)
Ant. Compartment group: Metastases ca arising from thyroid gland, glottic,
subglottic larynx, pyriform sinus and cervical esophagus
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ORAL CAVITY
Oral tongue is divided into:› Tip› Lateral
borders› Dorsum› Undersurface
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LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
Medial portion lower lip (LL) submental. Lateral
portion LL submandibular nodes
Upper lip preauricular, infraparotid &
submandibular nodes
Buccal mucosa submental & submandibular
Upper & lower alveolar ridges submental,
submandibular, upper deep cervical, lateral
retropharyngeal nodes.
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Hard palate upper deep cervical, lateral
retropharyngeal node, submandibular nodes
Floor of mouth submandibular node, upper deep
cervical nodes
Tongue submental, jugulo-omohyoid, deep
cervical nodes
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PHARYNX
Conical fibromuscular tube
12 to 14 cm long, width is 3.5 cm (become 1.5 cm
at pharyngo-esophageal junction)
Extending from base of skull lower border of
cricoid cartilage
Become continuous with esophagus
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Ciliated columnar in nasopharynx. Elsewhere; squamous
PHARYNGEAL WALL
2 layers (ext & internal); 3 muscles in each layer
Killian’s dehiscence
› Ext layer-inf constrictor muscle-2 parts (potential gap)
› Perforation during esophagoscopy & herniation of pharyngeal mucosa
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= nasopharyngeal tonsil
Waldeyer’s Ring- Lymphoid tissue
Enlarged Eustachian tube occlusion
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PHARYNGEAL SPACES
Potential space – abscess can form
Retropharyngeal space and;
Parapharyngeal space
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DIVISION OF PHARYNX
THANK YOU
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Infected cause persistent postnasal discharge
Craniopharyngioma may arise from it
Increase in size up to 6 years old then gradually atrophy
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Sinus of morgani – space between base of skull and
upper free border of superior constrictor muscle
through it enters Eustachian tube, levator veli
palatini, tensor veli palatini, ascending palatine
artery & branch of facial artery
Lymphatic drainage of nasopharynx: upper deep
cervical node, spinal accessory chain
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FUNCTION OF NASOPHARYNX
Conduit for air
Eustachian tube – ventilate middle ear, equalizes
air pressure
Cuff of nasopharynx from oropharynx (soft palate
& Passavant’s ridge)
Help in voice production
Drainage mucus from nasal & nasopharyngeal
glands
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OROPHARYNX
Tonsillar fossa?
Posterior, anterior & lateral walls
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FUNCTION OF OROPHARYNX
Conduit passage for air and food
Pharyngeal phase deglutition
Forms part of vocal tract
Appreciation in taste
Provide local defense and immunity
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LARYNGOPHARYNX (HYPOPHARYNX)
Pyriform sinus – internal laryngeal n. runs near it,
pain is referred to the ear in ca of pyriform
sinus
Post cricoid region