Anatomy of a Runway Incursion
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Transcript of Anatomy of a Runway Incursion
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N
Anatomy of a Runway Incursion
Or What Went Wrong?
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 6
SO WHAT WENT WRONG?
Day/IFR
Weather - Light Rain
Visibility - Restricted; Fog & Low Clouds
583 Passengers & Crew
Los Rodeos Airport Tenerife, Canary Islands, March 27, 1977
Taipei’s Chang Kai Shek International Airport, October 31, 2000
Night/IFR
Weather - Heavy Rain
Visibility - 600 meters
Typhoon in area
179 Passengers & Crew
83 Fatalities Aircraft impacted equipment
on closed runway during takeoff
Linate Airport, Milan, Italy October 8, 2001
Day/IFR
Visibility - Restricted; Fog
114 Passengers & Crew
114 Fatalities
Citation strayed onto runway during MD-80’s takeoff roll
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 10
WHAT WENT WRONG?
RUNWAY INCURSIONFAA Order 7210.58
Any occurrence at an airport involving an aircraft, vehicle,
person, or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or
results in a loss of separation with an aircraft taking off,
intending to takeoff, landing, or intending to land.
RunwayIncursion
Sev
erit
y C
ateg
ori
es
A
B
C
D
Severity Categories
14
Severity Categories
ABC
D
Animated Illustration
9
Little or no risk of
collision
Ample time and distance to avoid collision
Significant
potential
for collision
Barely
avoid
collision
Above scenarios are all classified as runway incursions, but with different severity codes.
•In each case the taxiing aircraft penetrated the runway safety area (hold position) AND
•A collision hazard or loss of separation occurred with the landing aircraft.
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 15
Surface Incident
An unauthorized movement within the
area
An occurrence in a movement area affecting safety of flight
Examples: VPD’s, taxiway incursion, animal on runway, operational deviation, etc.
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 16
Pilot DeviationsPilot Deviations
Actions that violate a
Federal Air Regulation
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 17
Operational Errors
Occurrences that result in:
1) less than applicable separation, or
2) authorization for aircraft to land or depart closed runway
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 18
Vehicle or Pedestrian Deviations Occur when a vehicle operator, pedestrian, non-pilot operator or aircraft enters a movement area without ATC authorization.
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 19
SO WHAT WENT WRONG?
Let’s Review
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 20
Conditions at Time of Runway Incursions
Airport Diagram Not Used
Unfamiliar with Airport Signage
Not Familiar with Airport
Failed to Follow Instructions
Inexperienced at Towered Airports (Phraseology)
Unfavorable Environmental Conditions
Clearance Not Read back
HUMAN ERROR
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 21
Major Runway Incursion Causes
•Spatial Disorientation
•Loss of Situational Awareness
•Unclear/Ineffective CRM
•Misunderstanding ATC
•Disorientation
•Lapse in short term memory
HUMAN ERROR
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 22
HUMAN
FACTORS
Human FactorsFatigue (double shifts)
Employee turnover
Stress (job related)
Distractions in Cockpit- down head time, attention to squawked items
NO CELL PHONES
Complacency
Language
5 Hazardous Attitudes
Anti-Authority
Impulsitivity
Invulnerability
Macho
Resignation
Responsibility
Trust… no one to come behind to check if you do it wrong
Poor Judgement
Case Study: December 6, 1999Approximately 8:35 PM
Theodore Francis Green State AirportProvidence, Rhode Island
Click to Continue
On 12/6/99, at about 8:35 p.m., United Airlines Flight 1448, a Boeing 757, was involved in a runway incursion on Runway 5R at Theodore Francis Green State Airport, near Providence, Rhode Island.
Click to Continue
At the time of the incident, it was dark and the reported visibility was 1/4 mile in dense fog.
Tower and Ground Control positions were combined.
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Click Here to Begin
The following slides contain the actual ATC recording of the runway incursion incident.
Transcription of the audio will appear in this area.
Aircraft movement and position will appear in the diagram to the right.
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United 1448, what’s your position?
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We’re clear of the runway, on November by Bravo, United 1448.
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United 1448, Thank you, Taxi to ramp, via taxiways November and Tango, report crossing Runway 16.
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OK, November, Tango, will report crossing Runway 16, United 1448.
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OK, November, Tango, will report crossing Runway 16, United 1448.
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Ground, USAir 2998 is holding short behind FEDEX.
USAir 2998, Thank You.
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Ground, USAir 2998 is holding short behind FEDEX.
USAir 2998, Thank You.
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Ground, UPS 27, Taxi.
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UPS 27, Providence Ground, good evening, Runway 5R, taxi, use taxiway Victor and Runway 23R, hold short Runway 16, advise holding short.
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OK, We can’t take Victor this time, we’re facing the wrong way, any chance Alpha, Mike, and November ?
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OK, We can’t take Victor this time, we’re facing the wrong way, any chance Alpha, Mike, and November ?
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UPS 27, you can expect that taxi route, hold the position for now, remain clear of all taxiways.
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OK, We’ll hold our position here on the ramp, over, UPS 27.
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USAir 1020, turn left taxiway November or Alpha, and report clear of the runway please.
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USAir 1020, turn left taxiway November or Alpha, and report clear of the runway please.
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USAir 1020, turn left taxiway November or Alpha, and report clear of the runway please.
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USAir 1020, turn left taxiway November or Alpha, and report clear of the runway please.
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USAir 1020, turn left taxiway November or Alpha, and report clear of the runway please.
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USAir 1020, turn left taxiway November or Alpha, and report clear of the runway please.
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Roger, it looks like we’ve got November here, USAir 1020.
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USAir 1020, Thank you, Taxi to ramp, via taxiways November and Tango, report crossing Runway 16.
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November, Tango to the ramp, report crossing 16, and we are clear of 5 at this time, USAir 1020.
USAir 1020, Thank you.
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November, Tango to the ramp, report crossing 16, and we are clear of 5 at this time, USAir 1020.
USAir 1020, Thank you.
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FedEx 1662, Runway 5R, fly Runway heading, cleared for takeoff.
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Runway heading, cleared for takeoff, 5R, FedEx 1662.
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T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
1448 is on November by the runways here, we don’t see the, uh, are we cleared across straight ahead on November?
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
United 1448, affirmative, cross Runway 16, join taxiway November, Tango on the other side.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
November, Tango on the other side, United 1448.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
USAir 1020 exercise caution, 757 ahead, just coming up on Runway 16 at November, taxi to the ramp.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
OK, we’re looking for the other airplane . . . we’re crossing November at Bravo, did you want us to taxi Alpha to the ramp?
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
USAir 1020, negative, that was just if you missed November on the rollout, taxi to the ramp via taxiways November and Tango.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
Report entering Taxiway Tango, please.
Thank you, November, Tango, USAir 1020.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
Report entering Taxiway Tango, please.
Thank you, November, Tango, USAir 1020.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
Somebody just took off.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
Somebody just took off.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
Somebody just took off.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
Somebody just took off.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
Somebody just took off.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
Somebody just took off.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
Somebody just took off.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
Somebody just took off.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
Somebody just took off.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
Somebody just took off.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And uh, United 1448, we’re approaching Kilo here, uh, ah,
Somebody just took off.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
United 1448, you shouldn’t be anywhere near Kilo, hold your position please, just stop.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
Ah, this is United 1448, we are currently on a runway, I am looking out to the right with a Kilo, ah, we need to go on the Kilo taxiway.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
United 1448, you were supposed to taxi November and Tango, I need to know what runway you’re on, I can’t see anything from the tower.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
We . . .
Uh, Ma'am we are on 23 Right intersection of 16 and we did not connect on November, we are . . .
We . . .
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
We are by Kilo to our right and we just overshot Kilo, we did not see it.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
FedEx 1662, contact Departure, good day.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
FedEx 1662, contact Departure, good day.
FedEx 1662, over to Departure, so long.
. . . runway on 23, ah, Left, here.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
(clutter)
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
United, stand by please.
USAir 2998, Runway 5R, fly runway heading, cleared for takeoff.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
Ma’am, I’m trying to advise you, we’re on an active runway, United 1448.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
23 Right is not an active runway, it’s a taxiway when we’re IFR or in the dark.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
Clutter . . .
(??) stand clear of all runways until he, we figure this out.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
Everybody standby please, radio silence until I talk to you.
. . runway . .
Everybody stand by.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
USAir 1020, hold your position please, I don’t know exactly where the United is, I’ll figure it out in a minute.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
We’re on Tango, for 1020.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
United 1448, we’re on 23 Right, we’re looking at Kilo straight ahead, if we can go straight we can can get on Kilo and get off the runway.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
United 1448, standby please, don’t talk, I have other things I need to do.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
Roger, Ma’am.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
USAir 2998, Runway 5R, fly runway heading, cleared for takeoff.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
Uh, Tower, USAir 2998, 'til we figure out what’s going on down there, we’re just going to stay clear of all runways.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
USAir 2998, roger, hold short of Runway 5R, he’s not anywhere near the runway, but you can hold short.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
OK.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
1662, climb and maintain 10 thousand.
. . . he doesn’t even know where he is.
10, ten thousand, FedEx 1662.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
Tower, USAir 2998 isn’t going yet because I have a United who doesn’t know where the hell he is, I’ll take him back and flash you when he’s ready.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
USAir 1020, are you at your gate?
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
We’re stopped as requested on Tango.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
USAir 1020, Thank you.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
United 1448, understand you’re on Runway 23 Right, have you gone past taxiway Kilo and Tango 1 ?
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
Ma’am, we’re on 23 Left and 16, and we’re, I’m facing into Kilo, at this point, the nose is, ah just, over 23 Left.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
Are you facing northwest or southeast?
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
We are facing, we are heading, for United 1448, right now we are facing approximately 200 degrees on the heading.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
I am looking out the window and I am seeing a sign that says 23L to my right and a sign that says 16 to my left.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
And I have yellow signs that say Kilo to my right and to my left. We are on a current runway, heading 200.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
Stop all traffic until advised please, United has no idea where they are. Thank you.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
United 1448, just taxi straight ahead, let me know when you get to the next sign please.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
Ok, we’re gonna go straight ahead, we’re gonna go up to Kilo here.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
United 1448, are you just turning on to Runway 23 Left right now?
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
Yes we are, and we’re gonna go over, we’re on 23 Left, we’re currently exiting and we are coming up on Kilo now.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
United 1448, roger, turn right at Kilo and then a slight left turn taxiway Charlie, hold short Runway 23 Right.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
We’re on Kilo, we are clear of the runway, and we are approaching Kilo 1, and we’re on Kilo.
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
23L16
34
5L
5R
K
T
CK
K
A
D
S
N
N
V
MN
T
B23R
B
Tower
WHAT WENT WRONG?
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 213
Statistics and Trends
Recent Incidents
Distribution by Type of Runway IncursionsDistribution by Type of Runway Incursions
FY 2004 YTD (03/12/04)
V/PD15%
PD61%
OE/D 22%
OE/D23%
PD57%
V/PD20%
FY 2000-2003
DATA ARE PRELIMINARY AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE
Changing Our BehaviorsChanging Our Behaviors
Culture
The customs, skills, and other interrelated learned behavior patterns that set them apart as a distinct group of people
Cultural ChangeCultural Change
Cultural Change is a form of organizational transformation that involves changing the basic values, norms, beliefs, etc., among members of the group/organization, in order to improve organizational performance.
WHAT CAN YOU DO?
Training…
Training…
And More ^ TrainingStan
dardized
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 220
Does your Training Manual includeRunway Safety Training?
Let’s Talk
About Your Training
Things to Consider
•Testing required for all Areas of Training
• Only Standardized Training at all facilities –reduces human error
• Less desired shifts…Less seniority…Less experienced
• Providing enough instruction time and keeping to prescribed time
• Lack of instructors
• Contract Maintenance Facilities – training requirements
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 223
•Required Qualification Level
Left Seat, Right Seat, Aircraft Type
Aircraft Training – Who, When, How, Where, by Whom
Law of Primacy-even bad instruction can stick
Aircraft taxi at contract facilities? (limited to flight crew?)
•Medical Requirements
• What safeguard/control is in position for scheduling only people that are current & qualified?
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 224
• Develop a Maintenance Pre-Flight Checklist (all items should be readily available to AMT)
• Fill out NASA Forms as required!
• Weather Conditions: low visibility, adverse weather How to get current
weather? Go No Go criteria during adverse weather
• Airport Diagrams – Jeppesen subscription, Local High Alert Area Diagrams
•Establish taxi routes based on Airport charts
•Avoidance of taxi during peak times
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 225
• Airport Notams
• SMGCS Airports
• Aircraft Checklists Use
•Braking action for different aircraft
• Copying Clearances
• Additional training for each local airport
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 226
Additional Considerations
Financial problems of company and its effect on training.
Radio communication training often overlooked – train and do routine practice before actual use.
Airport Driver Training – reinforce within company training
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 227
Resources
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 228
ATORUNWAY SAFETY PROGRAM
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 229
www.ato.faa.gov
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 230
Reporting in Old Organization
FreeFlight
FAA Administrator&
Deputy Administrator
Air Traffic ServicesSubcommittee
ATO ChiefOperating Officer
Aviation Research
BusinessManagement
CompetitiveSourcing
William J HughesTechnical Center
AcquisitionManagement
Operational Evolution Plan
AT SystemsDevelopment
Communication,Navigation &
Surveillance Systems
System Architecture& Investment
Analysis
Air Traffic SystemRequirements
Service
TerminalBusiness UnitSystem Capacity
Independent Operational Test
& Evaluation
Airway FacilitiesServiceRunway Safety
Air Traffic Service
Research &Acquisitions
Air TrafficServices
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 231
Air Traffic ServicesSubcommittee
FAA Administrator&
Deputy Administrator
Reporting in New Organization
ATO Transition
ATO ChiefOperating Officer
TerminalFlight
ServicesTechnical
OperationsSystem
Operations
FinanceOperationsPlanning
Acquisition & Business Services
Safety Communications
En Route& Oceanic
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 232
Technical OperationsVICE PRESIDENT
ATO Transition*SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT
OperationsPlanning
VICE PRESIDENT
Acquisition & Business Services
VICE PRESIDENT Federal Acquisition Exec.
SafetyVICE PRESIDENT
CommunicationsVICE PRESIDENT
Assistant Administrator for Financial Services/ Chief Financial Officer
Associate Administrator for Airports
Associate Administrator for Commercial Space
Transportation
Agency Liaisons
Assistant Administrator for Aviation Policy,
Planning & Environment
Assistant Administrator for International Aviation
FAA Liaisons
Office of the Chief Counsel
Assistant Administrator for Civil Rights
Assistant Administrator for Human Resource
Management
Assistant Administrator for Information Services/ Chief Information Officer
FinanceVICE PRESIDENT
System OperationsVICE PRESIDENT
*temporary
ChiefOperating Officer
(COO)
Office of Government& Industry Affairs
Agency Liaisons
Assistant Administrator forSecurity & Hazardous Mtls.
Office ofSystem Safety
Assistant Administrator for Region & Center Operations
Joint Planning & Development Office
(JPDO)
Office ofPublic Affairs
TerminalVICE PRESIDENT
En Route & OceanicVICE PRESIDENT
Flight ServicesVICE PRESIDENT
Associate Administrator for Regulation & Certification
Administrator&
Deputy AdministratorNational leadership & policy
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N 233
OWNERSU.S. citizens *Traveling public *Taxpayers * * As represented by CongressOffice of Management and BudgetSecretary of Department of TransportationInspector General
EMPLOYEESATO Individual Federal EmployeesLabor Unions
CUSTOMERS Commercial Aviation• Airlines• Cargo
Business AviationPrivate AviationDHS (and other Govt. agencies)Military (DOD)* * Partner with ATO
ATO: “Back to the Basics”
Success requires meeting the needs of all • Transparency is the key