Anatomy Mnemonics Collections for Medical Students

1st set

Branches of Subclavian"VITamin C and D"

-Vertebral-Internal thoracic-Thyrocervical trunk-Costocervical trunk-Dorsoscapular

Note: Thyrocervical trunk further branches out into inferior thyroid, transverse, and suprascapular; costocervical branches out to deep cervical and supreme intercostal

Axillary artery branches "Screw The LawyerSave A Patient":Superior thoracicThoracoacromiolLateral thoracicSubscapularAnterior circumflex humeralPosterior circumflex humeralAlternatively: "Some Times Life Seems A Pain".

Branches of the Facial"Proceed to Zanzibar By Motor Car"

-Posterior auricular (only sensory one), -Temporal-Zygomatic-Buccal-Marginal mandibular-Cervical

Cubital fossa contents "Really Need BoozeTo Be At My Nicest": From lateral to medial:Radial NerveBiceps TendonBrachial ArteryMedian Nerve

Branches of TrigeminalLIFESS ZIZ BAM

-Lacrimal-Infratrochlear-Frontalis-External Nasal (part of nasociliary)-Supraorbital-Supratrochlear

-Zygotemporal-Infraorbital-Zygomaticofacial

-Buccal-Auriculotemporal-MentalBronchopulmonary Segments of Right Lung (Superior Lobe)"APALM"

-Apical-Posterior-Anterior-Lateral-MedialButtock Quadrant safest for Needle Insertion"Shut up and butt out"

The Upper Outer quadrant of the Buttock safely avoids hitting sciatic nerve.Carotid Sheath Contents"I C 10 CC's in the IV"

-I See (I.C.) = Internal Carotid artery-10 = CN 10 (Vagus nerve)-CC = Common Carotid artery-IV = Internal Jugular VeinCavernous Sinus Drainage"Only Date Freaky Escorts"

-Ophthalmic vein-Deep-Facial vein-Emissary veinCervical Plexus"Let's Go To Sleep"

-Lesser Occipital-Great Auricular-Transverse Cervical-SupraclavicularExternal Carotid Artery Branches"Seven Angry Ladies Fighting Over PMS"

-Superior thyroid-Ascending pharyngeal-Lingual-Facial-Occipital-Posterior auricular-Maxillary-Superficial TemporalExternal Jugular Vein Tributaries"PAST"

-Posterior external jugular vein-Anterior jugular vein-Suprascapular vein-Transverse cervical veinEye Rotation by Obliques"I Love S&M"

Inferior oblique: Lateral eye rotation. Superior oblique: Medial eye rotation.Action of the obliques is opposite to their names. Action of the rectii is rightly fitting to their names. Both superiors cause intorsion and both inferiors cause extorsion.Facial Bones"Virgil Can Not Make My Pet Zebra Laugh!"

-Vomer-Conchae-Nasal-Maxilla-Mandible-Palatine-Zygomatic-LacrimalFemoral Artery Branches"Put My Leg Down Please"

-Profundus femoris (deep femoral artery)-Medial circumflex femoral artery-Lateral circumflex femoral artery-Descending genicular artery-Perforating Artery

Elbow: muscles that flex it Three B's Bend theelBow:BrachialisBicepsBrachioradialis

Murphy's point organ [for Irish] "Murphy was an Irishman(and Murphy is a classic Irish surname), and Ireland=green":Green organ in body is gallbladder, so Murphy's point is the gall bladder.

Anteflexed vs. anteverted: what bodypart each describes "Anteflexedand Anteverted both bend toward Anterior". The "V" words go together: Verted is for the cerVix (thereforeflexed must be uterus).

Foramen spinosum: location on base of skull Foramen spinosumis adjacent to the spine of sphenoid.

Pterygoid muscles: function of lateral vs. medial "Look athow your jaw ends up when saying first syllable of 'Lateral' or 'Medial'":"La": your jaw is now open, so Lateral opens mouth."Me": your jaw is still closed, so medial closes themandible.

Face muscles: large muscle groups' cranial innervation Mandibularnerve: Mastication.Facial nerve: Facial expression.

Meckel's diverticulum details 2 inches long.2 feet from end of ileum.2 times more common in men.2% occurrence in population.2 types of tissues may be present. Note: "di-" means "two", so diverticulum is the thingwith all the twos

Grey vs. White Rami CommunicantesWhIte = On the Way In to the sympathetic trunkGrEy = Exiting the sympathetic trunkHorner's Syndrome"HORNy PAM"

-Ptosis (eyelid drooping)-Anhidrosis (no sweating)-Miosis (pupil constriction)How to remember Cricoarytenoids: Abductor vs. AdductorWhen aliens abduct you, they Probe you, so posterior cricoarytenoids abduct.

Lateral therefore is adduct by default.Hyoid Bone: Muscle Attachments"Christ, He Didn't Screw Girls Much. That's Obvious, Stupid!"

Note: The first sentence is for 6 muscles attaching superiorly, the second sentence is for 3 muscles attaching inferiorly. Both sentences are in order from lateral to medial

-Constricter (middle)-Hyoglossus-Digastric-Stylohyoid-Geniohyoid-Myloyoid-Thyrohyoid-Omohyoid-SternohyoidInferior Vena Cava Tributaries"I Like To Rise So High"

-Iliac vein (common)-Lumbar vein-Testicular vein (or Ovarian)-Renal vein-Suprarenal vein-Hepatic veinInternal Iliac Artery Anterior Branches"Internal medicine - ouch! It's infinitely underappreciated, underpaid, destitute."

-Inferior gluteal-Middle rectal-Obturator-Inferior vesical artery-Internal pudendal artery-Umbilical-U/D=Uterine artery (female)/ Deferential artery (male)Internal Iliac Artery Posterior Branches"PILS"

-Posterior branch:-Iliolumbar-Lateral sacral-Superior glutealInternal Jugular Vein Tributaries"Medical Schools Let Confident People In"

-Middle thyroid-Superior thyroid-Lingual-Common facial-Pharyngeal-Inferior petrosal sinusInternal Pudendal Branches"I Pee Pee But Don't Dump!"

-Inferior rectal-Posterior scrotal (or labial)-Perineal-Bulb-Deep artery-Dorsal artery

Cardiac valves: order in circuit "TRI berore you BI":Tricuspid valve is located in left heart and Bicuspid valve islocated in right heart. Blood flows through the tricuspid beforebicuspid.

Diaphragm apertures: spinal levels Aortic hiatus = 12 letters = T12Oesophagus = 10 letters = T10Vena cava = 8 letters = T8

Heart valves: order in circuit "First learn a Tricycle,then learn a Bicycle":Flow through Tricuspid first, then Bicuspid.

Lung lobes: one having lingula, lobe numbers Lingulais on Left.The lingula is like an atrophied lobe, so the left lung must have 2 "other"lobes, and therefore right lung has 3 lobes.Intrinsic Palmar Muscles of Hand"All For One And One For All"

-Abductor pollicis longus-Flexor pollicis brevis-Opponens pollicis-Adductor pollicis (transverse and oblique heads)-Opponens digiti minimi-Flexor digiti minimi-Abductor digiti minimiInversion vs. Eversion Muscles in Leg2nd letter rule

Eversion muscles (3 looks like "E" backwards)-pEroneus longus-pEroneus brevis-pEroneus tertius

Inversion muscles (1 looks like "I")-tIbialis anteriorLandmarks for Head/Neck"Hot Tits, Chase Chicks"

-Hyoid bone: C3-Thyroid cartilage: C4, C5-Cricoid cartilage: C6-Carotid Bifurcation (palpable at thyrohyoid interval)Lateral Rotators of Hip"Patched Goods Often Go On Quilts"

-Piriformis-Gemellus (superior)-Obturator Internus-Gemellus (inferior)-Obturator externus-Quadratus femorisLayers of Scalp"SCALP"

-Skin-Close connective Tissue-Aponeurosis-Loose connective Tissue ("Danger Zone")-Pericranium (periostium)Lower Limb Periph. Nerve Injury"I DROP when I see Johnny DEP, but when I see Brad PIT, I just SHUFFLE away"

Foot Drop:-Dorsiflexors impairment-Evertors impairment-Peroneal nerve damage

Shuffling Gait:-Plantarflexion impairment-Inversion impairment-Tibial nerve lesionCarpal Bones "Sally Likes To PlayThe Tiny Chrome Harmonica": Proximal row lateral to medial:ScaphoidLunateTriquetriumPisiform Distal row, lateral to medial:TrapeziumTrapezoidCapateHamate

Thoracoacromial artery branches ABCD:AcromialBreast (pectoral)ClavicularDeltoid

Scrotum layers "Some Days Eddie CanIrritate People Very Thourougly":SkinDartos layerExternal spermatic fasciaCremaster muscleInternal spermatic fasciaParietal tunica vaginalisVisceral tunica vaginalisTunica albuginea

External carotid artery branches "Sally AteLots Of Fresh Produce March Through September":Superior thyroidAscending laryngealLingualOccipital (O before F is an extremely common variation)FacialPosterior auricularMaxillaryTransverse facialSuperficial temporal

Ankle: anterior compartment of leg contents "The HamptonsAre Never Dull Parties": From medial malleolus:Tibialis anterior tendon(Extensor) Hallacus longusArtery (anterior tibial)Nerve (deep peroneal)(Extensor) DigitorumPeroneus tertius

Cricoarytenoids: abductor vs. adductor When aliens abductyou, they Probe you.Posterior cricoarytenoids abduct. Lateral therefore is adduct bydefault.

Ansa cervicalis nerves "GHost THought SOmeoneSTupid SHot Irene":GeniohyoidThyrohyoidSuperior OmohyoidSternothyroidSternohyoidInferior omohyoid

Bronchopulmonary segments of right lung "A PALM SeedMakes Another Little Palm": In order from superior to inferior:ApicalPosteriorAnteriorLateralMedialSuperiorMedial basalAnterior basalLateral basalPosterior basal

Lower limb: muscles between upper legs "There's a GAPbetween upper legs when you sit without closing your knees":GastrocnemiousAdductorsPectinious

Broad ligament: contents BROAD:Bundle (ovarian neurovascular bundle)Round ligamentOvarian ligamentArtefacts (vestigial structures)Duct (oviduct)

External jugular vein: tributaries PAST:Posterior external jugular veinAnterior jugular veinSuprascapular veinTransverse cervical vein

Diaphragm apertures: spinal levels "Voice OfAmerica": In order from smallest to highest spinal number:Vena cava: T8Oesophagus: T10Aorta: T12 Note: Voice Of America (VOA) is a radio broadcast station.

Elbow joint: radius vs. ulna ends CRAzy TULips:Capitalum = RAdiusTrochlear = ULnar

Serratus Anterior: nerve vs. blood LoNg thoracic: NerveLAteral thoracic: Artery

Elbow joint: capitulum vs. trochlea CUTER:Capitulum: UlnarTrochlea: Radial

Sperm: path through male reproductive system "My boyfriend'sname is STEVE":Seminiferous TubulesEpididymisVas deferensEjaculatory duct

Popliteal fossa: medial to lateral arrangment "ServeAnd Volley Next Ball":Semimembranosus/ SemitendonosusArteryVeinNerveBiceps femoris Lateral and medial heads of Gastrocnemius are inferior borders.

Lumbar Plexus"Interested In Getting Laid On Fridays?"

-Iliohypogastric [L1]-Ilioinguinal [L1]-Genitofemoral [L1, L2]-Lateral femoral cutaneous [L2, L3]-Obturator [L2, L3, L4]-Femoral [L2, L3, L4]

1 squared, 12, 23, 234 squaredMaxillary Artery Branches"DAM I AM Piss Drunk But Stupid Drunk I Prefer, Must Phone Alcoholics Anonymous"

-Deep auricular-Anterior tympanic-Middle meningeal

-Inferior alveolar

-Accessory meningeal-Masseteric

-Pterygoid-Deep temporal-Buccal, Sphenopalatine-Descending palatine-Infraorbital-Posterior superior alveolar-Middle superior alveolar-Pharyngeal-Anterior superior alveolar-Artery of the pterygoid canalMedian Supply to Hand"Median nerve innervates the LOAF muscles"

-Lumbricals-Opponens Pollicis-Abductor Pollicis Brevis-Flexor Pollicis BrevisMiddle Meatus Structures"HIM F.AM.E"

-Hiatus semilunaris-Infundibulum-Maxillary sinus-Frontal sinus-Anterior Ethmoidal sinus-Middle Ethmoidal sinus-Ethmoidal bullaMiddle Meningeal Anastomoses"I Only Read Mysteries"

-Internal Carotid-Ophthalmic-Recurrent Meningeal-Middle MeningealMisc. InnervationsL2, 3, 4Makes the psoas get sore!

C3, 4, 5Keeps the diaphragm (phrenic) alive!

S2, 3, 4Keep the sh*t from hitting the floor!Muscles Innervated by Radial Nerve"Try A Big Chocolate Chip Sundae, Double Dip Cherries And Peanuts Preferably Included"

-Triceps-Anconeus-Brachioradialis-(Ext.) Carpi radialis longus-(Ext.) Carpi radialis brevis-Supinator-(Ext.) Digitorum-(Ext.) Digiti minimi-(Ext.) Carpi ulnaris-Abductor poll. longus-(Ext.) Poll. brevis-(Ext.) Poll. longus-(Ext.) Indicis

*For the neighboring words that start with the same letter (eg: chocolate and chip), notice that the longer word in the mnemonic, corresponds to the longer of the two muscle names (ex: ext. carpi radialis longus and ext. carpi radialis brevis)Nasal Cavity Components"Never Call Me Needle Nose!"

-Nares [external]-Conchae-Meatuses-Nares [internal]-NasopharynxNerves endangered by Parotid Gland Surgery"FARE"

-Facial-Auriculotemporal-Retromandibular vein-External carotid arteryNervous Innervation of Cranial Nerves"Some say money matters, but my brother says big boobs matter more"

S=SensoryM=MotorB=Both

Orbit: Bones of Medial Wall"My Little Eye Sits in the orbit"

-Maxilla (frontal process)-Lacrimal-Ethmoid-Sphenoid (body)

2nd set

Perineal Body"BLESS'D"

-Bulbospongiosus-Levator ani-External anal sphincter-Superficial transverse perinei-Sphincter urethra-Deep transverse perinei

Muscles of the POSTERIOR compartment of LEG"Go Pee Sam - Till Fanny Hurts Long, Fanny DropsLong & POPs"SUPERFICIAL GROUP:GastrocnemiusPlantarisSoleusDEEP GROUP:Tibialis posteriorFlexor Hallucis LongusFlexor Digitorum LongusPOPliteus

Pterygoid Muscles"La"your jaw is now open, so lateral opens mouth

"Me"your jaw is still closed, so medial closes the mouthRelationship of Thoracic Duct to Esophagous and Azygous"The duck is between two gooses."

AzyGOUS (right) and EsophaGUS (left)Retroperitoneal Structures in Abdomen"SAD PUCKER"

-Suprarenal glands-Aorta & IVC-Duodenum (2nd and 3rd segments)-Pancreas-Ureters-Colon (ascending & descending)-Kidneys-Esophagus (anterior & left covered)-Rectum

112 212 111(Primarily or secondarily)Rinne Test"NO BS!!!"

Nerve = opposite side damageBone = same side damageScalp Nerve Supply"GGLASS"

-Greater occipital-Greater auricular-Lesser occipital-Auriculotemporal-Supratrochlear-SupraorbitalSciatic Foramen Structures"PIN & PINS"

-Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh-Inferior gluteal vessels and nerves-Nerve to quadratus femoris

-Pudendal nerve-Internal pudendal vessels-Nerve to obturator internus-Sciatic nerveScrotum Layers"Some Days Eddie Can Irritate People Very Thoroughly"

-Skin-Dartos layer-External spermatic fascia-Cremaster muscle-Internal spermatic fascia-Parietal tunica vaginalis-Visceral tunica vaginalis-Tunica albugineaSpermatic Cord Contents"Players Don't Contribute To A Good Sex Life"

-Pampiniform Plexus-Ductus Deferens-Cremasteric Artery-Testicular Artery-Artery of the Ductus Deferens-Genitofemoral Nerve-Sympathetic Nerve Fibers-Lymphatic vesselsSuprascapular Artery and NerveArmy over Navy

Artery goes over the nerveTarsal Bones"Come try nice mozzarella in Lake Como."(clockwise if left foot)

-Calcaneus-Talus-Navicular-Medial cuneiform-Intermediate cuneiform-Lateral cuneiform-Cuboid

(Not included: metatarsals, phalanges - toes)Tendons, Medial Malleolus (Ant to Post)"Tom, Dick, And Very Nervous Harry"

-Tibian tendon-(Flexor) Digitorum-Artery (Posterior Tibial)-Vein (Posterior Tibial)-Nerve (Tibial)-(Flexor) Hallucis

OR

"Tiny Dogs Are Not Hunters"

-Tibialis posterior muscle-(Flexor) Digitorum longus muscle-Artery (Posterior Tibial)-Nerve (Tibial)-(Flexor) Hallucis longus muscleThoracoacromial Artery Branches"CA Police Department"

-Clavicular-Acromial-Pectoral-DeltoidTibia: Muscles of Pes Anserinus (Medial Side)"A Girl between Two Sargeants"

Gracilus is between Sartorius and SemitendonosusTrigeminal Nerve: where Branches exit Skull"Standing Room Only"

-Superior Orbital Fissure-Foramen Rotundum-Foramen OvaleTypes of Tonsils"PPL"

People have different types:-palatine-pharyngeal-laryngealUlnar Palsy"BCDEF of Music"

-Book test-Card test-ADductor pollicis paralysed-Egawa test-Froment's sign-Musicians nerveV3 innervated Muscles"My A$$ Temporarily Meets The Toilet"

-Mylohyoid-Anterior digastric-Mastication-Tensor veli palatini (also opens Eust. tube)-Tensor tympaniV3: Sensory Branches"BAIL"

-Buccal (long)

-Auriculotemporal=formed by 2 roots surrounding middle meningeal that's approaching foramen spinosum

-Inf. alveolar=branches into nerve to mylohyoid(going to floor of mouth) and mental out of mental foramen

-Lingual=chorda tympani from CNVII joins lingual in infratemporal fossa carrying preganglionic parasympathetics to submandibular ganglion where postganglionic fibers travel via terminal branches of the lingual nerve to the SUBMANDIBULAR and SUBLINGUAL salivary glandsVasculature on the Back of Neck"ANNA"

From either direction, occipital Artery, greater occipital Nerve, greater occipital Nerve, occipital Artery"Which is bigger- Tib or Fib?"Little fib"

Fibula is smaller

Femoral artery: Branches

"Put My Leg Down Please"Profunda femorisMedial circumferential femoral arteryLateral circumferential femoral arteryDescending genicular arteryPerforating artery

Tarsal tunnel: Structures passing through

"Tiny Dogs Are Not Hunters"Tibialis posteriorflexor Digitorum longusPosterior tibial arteryTibial nerveflexor Hallucis longus

4 Ab Muscles"TIRE"

-Transversus-Internal oblique-Rectus abdominus-External oblique

Abdominal Aorta Branches (Descending)"Prostitutes Cause Sagging Swollen Red Testicles [in men] Living In Sin"

-Phrenic [inferior]-Celiac-Superior mesenteric-Suprarenal [middle]-Renal-Testicular ["in men" only]-Lumbars-Inferior mesenteric-SacralAbductors vs. Adductors in Hand"Dab the Pad"

Dorsal = abductPalmar = adductAdductor Magnus Innervation"AM SO!"

Adductor Magnus innervated by Sciatic and Obturator nervesAdductor Muscles of the Hip"AAA, Pretty Good!"

-Adductor magnus-Adductor longus-Adductor brevis-Pectineus-GracilisAnterior Comp't Leg"TEA DEPt."

-Tibialis anterior-Extensor hallucis longus-Anterior tibial artery-Deep peroneal nerve-Extensor digitorum longus-Peroneus tertiusAnterior Forearm Muscles: Superficial"Pass/Fail, Pass/Fail.... Fail"

-Pronator teres-Flexor carpi radialis-Palmaris longus-Flexor carpi ulnaris-Flexor digitorum superficialisAortic Arch Branch OrderJust know your "ABC'S"

-Aortic arch-Brachiocephalic trunk-Common carotid-SubclavianAtrioventricular valves"LAB RAT"

Left atrium - bicuspidRight atrium - tricuspidAxillary Artery Branches"Screw The Lawyer, Save A Patient"

-Superior thoracic-Thoracoacromial-Lateral thoracic-Subscapular-Anterior circumflex humeral-Posterior circumflex humeral

.Muscles of MEDIAL compartment of the THIGH

" G.P. ADDs a Bloody Lot of Margarine " - make theirinner thighs flabbyGracilisPectineusADDUCTORS - Brevis, Longus, MagnusOrigin: All arise from Pubis, except Pectineus = PubiccrestInsertion: All are inserted to Femur, except Gracilis =Tibia

Muscles of the LATERAL compartment of LEG

" Fly Long Superficial Fly Boy"Fibularis LongusSuperficial fibular nerve = innervation for bothFibularis Brevis6.Femoral triangle: Boundaries"Femoral triangle is shaped like a SAIL":SartoriusAductor longusInguinal Ligament

Tarsal bones"Tall Californian Navy Medcial Interns Lay Cuties" or"Tiger Cubs Need MILC"In order (right foot, superior to inferior, medial tolateral):TalusCalcaneusNavicularMedial cuneiformIntermediate cuneiformLateral cuneifromCuboidAlternatively "Tiger Cubs Need MILC":

.Inversion and Eversion muscles of leg

Think: Inversion and Eversion muscles of leg followthe "Second letter rule".Eversion muscles:pEroneus longuspEroneus brevispEroneus teriusInversion muscles:tIbialis anteriortIbialis posterior

Anterior compartment of leg: Structures

" TEA DEPt. "Tibialis anteriorExtensor hallucis longusAnterior tibial arteryDeep peroneal nerveExtensor digitorum longusPeroneus tertius

Popliteal fossa: medial to lateral arrangement

"Serve And Volley Next Ball":Semimembranosus/ SemitendonosusArteryVeinNerveBiceps femorisLateral and medial heads of Gastrocnemius areinferior borders

Carpal bones "Some Lovers Try PositionsThat They Can't Handle": Proximal row then distal row, both lateral-to-medial:ScaphoidLunateTriquetriumPisiformTrapeziumTrapezoidCapateHamate Alternatively: "Scared Lovers..." Alternatively: "Senior Lecturers...".

Extrinsic muscles of tongue [for pro soccer fans] "ParisSt. Germain's Hour":PalatoglossusStyloglossusGenioglossusHyoglossus PSG is a French soccer team (foreign), hence extrinsic comes to mind.

Autonomics to the gut "The PARAsympathetics follow arule of TWO" [pair = two]: The vagus does the top, the sacral splanchnics the outflow tract."The sympathetics follow a rule of threes": Greater, lesser, least splanchnic nerves go to the celiac,superior andinferior mesenteric ganglion.

External carotid artery branches "Some AngryLady Figured Out PMS":Superior thyroidAscending pharyngealLingualFacialOccipitalPosterior auricularMaxillarySuperificial temporal

Descending abdominal aorta: seven divisions "SometimesIntestines Get Really Stretched Causing Leakage":Suprarenals [paired]Inferior mesentericGonadal [paired]Renals [paired]Superior mesentericCeliacLumbar [paired]

Vagus nerve: path into thorax "I Left my Auntin Vegas":Left Vagus nerve goes Anterior descending into the thorax.

Carpal bones "Happy Cat Tom TookPie To Little Sister":HamateCapitateTrapezoidTrapeziumPisiformTriquitalLunateScaphoid

Brachial plexus: branches of posterior cord STAR:Subscapular [upper and lower]ThoracodorsalAxillaryRadial

Saphenous veins: path of great vs. small at malleolus "MAGdelainehas varicose veins" [The saphenous veins are important for varicose veins]:Medial maleolus, Anterior to maleolus, and Great saphenousgo together.Then the opposites of these go together: Small saphenous is posteriorto the lateral maleolus.

Menisci attachments in knee "Each meniscus has somethingattached to it":The medial meniscus has the medial collateral ligament.The lateral meniscus is attached to the popliteal muscle.

Spermatic cord contents "3 arteries, 3 nerves,3 other things":3 arteries: testicular, ductus deferens, cremasteric.3 nerves: genital branch of the genitofemoral, cremasteric, autonomics.3 other things: ductus deferens, pampiniform plexus, lymphatics. Note some argument about this: Moore doesn't put in cremasteric nerve, Lumleyputs in inguinal...

Adductor magnus innervation "AM SO!":Adductor Magnus innervated by Sciatic and Obturator.

Scalp layers SCALP: From superficial to deep:SkinConnective tissueAponeurosisLoose areolar tissuePericranium

Lumbar plexus roots "2 from 1, 2 from 2, 2from 3":2 nerves from 1 root: Ilioinguinal (L1), Iliohypogastric (L1).2 nerves from 2 roots: Genitofemoral (L1,L2), Lateral Femoral(L2,L3).2 nerves from 3 roots: Obturator (L2,L3,L4), Femoral (L2,L3,L4).

Female pelvic organs' blood supply "3 organs, eachget 2 blood supplies":Uterus: uterine, vaginal.Rectum: middle rectal, inferior rectal [inferior rectal is the end of pudendal].Bladder: superior vesical, inferior vesical.

Cervical plexus: arrangement of the important nerves "GLAST": 4 compass points: clockwise from north on the right side of neck:Great auricularLesser occipitalAccessory nerve pops out between L and SSupraclavicularTransverse cervical

Liver: side with ligamentum venosum/ caudate lobe vs. side withquadrate lobe/ ligamentum teres "VC goes with VC":The Venosum and Caudate is on same side as Vena Cava[posterior]. Therefore, quadrate and teres must be on anterior by default.

Joints in the midline "SC":In medial line, below Second Cervical, joints are SecondaryCartilaginous and usually have a diSC. Notes: secondary cartilaginous is also known as symphysis. The one thatdoesn't have a disc is xiphi-sternal.

Anterior forearm muscles: superficial group There are five,like five digits of your hand.Place your thumb into your palm, then lay that hand palm down on your other arm,as shown in diagram.Your 4 fingers now show distribution: spells PFPF [pass/fail, pass/fail]:Pronator teresFlexor carpi radialisPalmaris longusFlexor carpi ulnarisYour thumb below your 4 fingers shows the muscle which is deep to the otherfour: Flexor digitorum superficialis.

Median and ulnar nerves: common features Each supply 1/2 offlexor digitorum profundus.Each supplies 2 lumbricals.Each has a palmar cutaneous nerve that pops off prematurely.Each supplies an eminence group of muscles [ulnar: hypothenar. median: thenar].Each enters forearm through two heads [ulnar: heads of flexor carpi ulnaris.median: heads of pronator teres].Each has no branches in upper arm.Each makes two fingers claw when cut at wrist.Each supplies a palmaris [median: palmaris longus. ulnar: palmaris brevis].

Thyroids: relative sizes Thyroid looks like a bra (seepicture).Breasts are bigger in women, so thyroid bigger in women.Pregnant women have biggest breasts of all, so they have the biggest thyroids.

Superior thyroid artery branches "May I SoftlySqueeze Charlie's Girl?":MuscularInfrahyoidSuperior laryngealSternomastoidCricothyroidGlandular

Abdominal muscles "Spare TIRE around their abdomen":Transversus abdominisInternal abdominal obliqueRectus abdominisExternal abdominal obliquePerineal vs. peroneal Perineal is in betweenthe legs.Peroneal is on the leg.

Cranial bones "PEST OF 6":ParietalEthmoidSphenoidTemporalOccipitalFrontal The 6 just reminds that there's 6 of them to remember.

Deep tendon reflexes: root supply "1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8":S1-2: ankleL3-4: kneeC5-6: biceps, supinatorC7-8: triceps

L4 landmark: 2 items "B4U" [before you]:Bifurcation of aortaL4Umbilicus

Bowel components "Dow Jones IndustrialAverage Closing Stock Report": From proximal to distal:DuodenumJejunumIleumAppendixColonSigmoidRectum Alternatively: to include the cecum, "Dow Jones IndustrialClimbing Average Closing Stock Report".

Lung lobes: segments of right middle lobe "ML=ML":Segments of Middle Lobe are Medial & Lateral.

3rd set

Posterior mediastinum: contents DATES:Descending aortaAzygos and hemiazygous veinsThoracic ductEsophagusSympathetic trunk/ganglia

Nasal cavity components "Never Call MeNeedle Nose!":Nares [external]ConchaeMeatusesNares [internal]Nasopharynx Note mnemonic sentence is nasally-related.

Bones of the Wrist"Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle"

-Scaphoid-Lunate-Triquetrum-Pisiform-Trapezium-Trapezoid-Capitate-Hamate

*Remember, the "trapezi-UM" is under the "thUMb."*Scaphocephaly is when your head is too long, so this is the longest*Capital "caps" off (top middle)

Plantarflexion vs. dorsiflexion Plantar flexionoccurs when you squish a Plant with your foot.

Thyroid: isthmus location "Rings 2,3,4 make the isthmus floor":Isthmus overlies tracheal rings 2,3,4

Thoracic duct: which half of upper body does it drain Knowdrains all of lower body, but was it the right or the left part of the upperbody?Answer: its Lymph from the Left of the upper body.

Soleus vs. gastrocnemius muscle function "Stand onyour Soles. Explosive gas":You stand on soles of your shoes, so Soleus is for posture.Gasoline is explosive, so Gastrocnemius is for explosive movement.

Inversion vs. eversion muscles in leg Second letter rule forinversion/eversion: Eversion muscles:pErineus longuspErineus brevispErineus terius Inversion muscles:tIbialis anteriortIbialis posterior

Liver inferior markings showing right/left lobe vs. vasculardivisions There's a Hepatic "H" on inferior of liver. Onevertical stick of the H is the dividing line for anatomical right/left lobe andthe other vertical stick is the divider for vascular halves. Stick that dividesthe liver into vascular halves is the one with vena cava impression (since venacava carries blood, it's fortunate that it's the divider for blood halves).

Supination vs. pronation: which is more powerful Screws weredesigned to be tightened well by majority of people."Righty tighty": to tighten screws you turn to the right.Majority of people are right-handed.Turning right-hand to the right is supination.

Pleura surface markings "All the even ribs, in order: 2,4,6,8,10,12 show its route":Rib2: sharp angle inferiorlyRib4: the left pleura does a lateral shift to accommodate heartRib6: both diverge laterallyRib8: midclavicular lineRib10: midaxillary lineRib12: the back

Palmaris longus: location, relative to wrist nerves "The Palmaris between two Palmars":Palmaris longus is between the Palmar cutaneous branch of Ulnarnerve and Palmar cutaneous branch of Median nerve.

Carpal tunnel syndrome causes MEDIAN TRAP:MyxoedemaEdema premenstruallyDiabetesIdiopathicAgromegalyNeoplasmTraumaRheumatoid arthritisAmyloidosisPregnancy Mnemonic fits nicely since median nerve is trapped.

Pectoral nerves: path of lateral vs. medial "LateralLess, Medial More":Lateral pectoral nerve only goes through Pectoralis major, butMedial pectoral nerve goes though both Pectoralis major and minor.

Wrist: radial side vs. ulnar side Make a fist with yourthumb up in the air and say "Rad!".Your thumb is now pointing to your Radius. Note: 'Rad!' was a late 80's catchphrase, short for 'Radical'. Things thatwere good were called 'Rad'.

Median nerve: recognizing it in an opened axilla The Mediannerve is the Middle of a giant capital "M" formed by themusculocutaneous and ulnar nerves.

Carpal bone having the hook The Hamate has the Hook.

Flexor digitorum muscles: how they insert onto fingers Alittle rhyme:Superficialis Splits in two,To Permit Profundus Passing through.

Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Sympathetic: "Fight orFlight"Parasympathetic: "Sex, Sandwiches and Sleep"

Tarsal bones of ankle "Tiger Cubs NeedMILC":Superior, then clockwise on right foot:TalusCalcaneusNavicularMedial cuneiformIntermediate cuneiformLateral cuneiformCuboid

Rheumatic fever: Jones 5 major criteria SPACE:Subcutaneous nodulesPancarditisArthritisChoreaErythema Marginatum

Intrinsic muscles of hand (palmar surface) "All ForOne And One For All": Thenar:Abductor pollicis longusFlexor pollicis brevisOpponens pollicisAdductor pollicis. Hypothenar:Opponens digiti minimiFlexor digiti minimiAbductor digiti minimi

Bifurcation vertebral landmarks A bifurcation occurs on 4th level of each vertebral column:C4: bifurcation of common carotid arteryT4: bifurcation of tracheaL4: bifurcation of aorta

Femoral triangle: boundaries "Femoral triangle is shapedlike a SAIL":SartoriusAductor longusInguinal Ligament

Lingula location LingULa = Left UpperLobe

Grey vs. white rami communicantes WhIte = Onthe Way In to the sympathetic trunkGrEy = Exiting the sympathetic trunk

Muscles of respiration "Don't Exercise InQuicksand":DiaprahmExternal intercostalsInternal intercostalsQuadratus

Sacral plexus: posterior components "Common GluttonsFor Punishment":Common fibularGluteals (superior and inferior)Femoral cutaneous (Posterior)Piriformis nerve

Cervical vertebra: landmarks at each level "NoaHTold MariaH To Try Cervical Counting":Nose (base), Hard palate: C1Teeth: C2Mandible, Hyoid bone: C3Thyroid cartilage (upper): C4Thyroid cartilage (lower): C5Cricoid cartilage: C6Cricoid cartilage (just below): C7

Deltoid: proximal attachments Deltoid CLASPs:Clavicle, Acromion and Spine of the scapula.

Musculocutaneous nerve: muscles supplied BBC:Biceps brachiiBrachialisCoracobrachialis

Pharynx vs. larynx Eat Phood with your Pharynx.Sing La La La with your Larynx

Supination vs. pronation Supination: palm to the SunPronation: palm to the Plants.

Skull bones "STEP OF 6 " The 6 skull bones are:SphenoidTemporalEthmoidParietalOccipitalFrontal Alternatively: "STEP OFf my skull".

Balance organs: relative position of saccule vs. utricle"Your SAC is below U":Saccule is below the Utricle. Note: "sac" is slang for male genitalia, and it thus down "below".

Hand: nerve lesions DR CUMA:Drop=Radial nerveClaw=Ulnar nerveMedian nerve=Ape hand (or Apostol [preacher] hand)

Branches of Internal Iliac Artery "I Love GoingPlaces In My Very Own Underwear":IleolumbarLateral sacralGluteal (superior and inferior)Pudendal (internal)Inferior vesicle (uterine in females)Middle rectalVaginalObturatorUmbilical

Wrist: radial side vs. ulnar side "I cut off my thumbwith a radial saw!":The radius is on the thumb side of the arm.

Ulnar nerve to ulnar artery and radial nerve to radial arteryrelations Think "peripheral nerves":The ulnar nerve is "ulnar" to the ulnar artery.Radial nerve is "radial" to the radial artery.

Superior orbital fissure: Structures passing through 'Live Frankly To See Absolutely No Insult'

Dermatome C6 location Stick arm out like crucifixionstance. Curl your thumb and forefinger into an "OK" symbol while keepingyour other fingers straight.Your hand should now look like a 6 shape.So C6 dermatome is your thumb and top of arm (reason forcrucifix stance).

Brachioradialis: function, innervation, one relation, one attachmentBrachioRadialis:Function: Its the Beer Raising muscle, flexes elbow, strongestwhen wrist is oriented like holding a beer.Innervation: Breaks Rule: it's a flexor muscle, But Radial.(Radial nerve usually is for extensors: Recall BEST rule: B was forbrachioradialis).Important relation: Behind it is the Radial nerve in the cubitalfossa.Attachment: Attaches to Bottom of Radius.

Diaphram aperatures: spinal levels "Come Enterthe Abdomen:Vena Cava [8]Esophagus [10]Aorta [12]

Extensor expansion location in the hand The eXtensoreXpansion is on the proXimal phalynX.

Leino- definition "Leino" rhymes with "spleen-o":Therefore leino- means something to do with the spleen.

Kidney hilums at transpyloric plane [L1] L-1 goesthrough hilum of only 1 kidney, and it's the Left one.

Lung lobe numbers: right vs. left Tricuspid heartvalve and tri-lobed lung both on the right side.Bicuspid and bi-lobed lung both on the left side.

Vertebrae: recognizing a thoracic from lumbar Examinevertebral body shape:Thoracic is heart-shaped body since your heart is in yourthorax.Lumbar is kidney-bean shaped since kidneys are in lumbararea.

Navicular contacts 3 of 5 cuneiform bones "Navicularis like the Navigator logo":There are 3 things coming off each. See diagram.Therefore, cuboid has to contact 2 of the 5.

Rotator cuff muscles "The SITS muscles": Clockwise from top:SupraspinatusInfraspinatusTeres minorSubscapularis A pro baseball pitcher has injured his rotator cuff muscles. As a result, heSITS out for the rest of the game, and then gets sent to the minorleagues.

Median nerve: hand muscles innervated "The LOAFmuscles":Lumbricals 1 and 2Opponens pollicisAbductor pollicis brevisFlexor pollicis brevis Alternatively: LLOAF, with 2 L's, to recall there's 2 lumbricals. To remember that these are the Median nerve muscles, think "MeatLOAF".

Trigeminal nerve: where branches exit skull "StandingRoom Only":Superior orbital fissure is V1foramen Rotundum is V2foramen Ovale is V3

Tonsils: The three types "PPL (people) have tonsils":PharyngealPalatineLingual

Cubital fossa contents "N-MAN": From lateral to medial:NerveMuscleArteryNerve Specifics are radial Nerve, biceps Muscle tendon, brachial Artery, medianNerve.

Spleen: dimensions, weight, surface anatomy "1,3,5,7,9,11":Spleen dimensions are 1 inch x 3 inches x 5 inches.Weight is 7 ounces.It underlies ribs 9 through 11.

Ureter to ovarian/testicular artery relation "Water underthe bridge":The ureters (which carry water), are posterior to theovarian/testicular artery. Clinically important, since a common surgical error is to cut ureter insteadof ovarian artery when removing uterus.

Oblique muscles: direction of externals vs. internals "Handsin your pockets":When put hands in your pockets, fingers now lie on top of external obliques andfingers point their direction of fibers: down and towards midline. Note: "oblique" tells that must be going at an angle. Internal obliques are at right angles to external.

Duodenum: lengths of parts "Counting 1 to 4 butstaggered":1st part: 2 inches2nd part: 3 inches3rd part: 4 inches4th part: 1 inch

Hip posterior dislocation: most likely arrangement for one"Hitting the brake pedal before the accident":You are sitting, so hip is flexed, and adducted and mediallyrotated so can move your foot away from the gas pedal over to the brakepedal. Note: car accidents are most likely cause of posterior dislocation because inthis position.

Buttock quadrant safest for needle insertion "Shut upand butt out":The Upper Outer quadrant of the Buttock safely avoidshitting sciatic nerve.

Radial nerve: muscles supplied (simplified) "BESTmuscles":BrachioradialisExtensorsSupinatorTriceps

Rib costal groove: order of intercostal blood vessels and nerveVAN: From superior to inferior:VeinArteryNerve

Brachial plexus subunits "Randy Travis DrinksCold Beer":RootsTrunksDivisionsCordsBranches Alternatively: "Read The Damn Cadaver Book!" Alternatively: "Real Texans Drink Coors Beer".

Diaphragm innervation "3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragmalive":Diaphragm innervation is cervical roots 3, 4, and 5.

Serratus anterior: innervation and action "C5-6-7 raise your wings up to heaven":C567 injury causes inability to raise arm past 90 degrees up to heaven, and results in a winging of the scapula. Long thoracic nerve roots (567) innervate Serratus anterior.

Thoracic duct: relation to azygous vein and esophagus "Theduck between 2 gooses":Thoracic duct (duck) is between 2 gooses, azygous and esophagus.

Bicipital groove: attachments of muscles near it "The lady between two majors":Teres major attaches to medial lip of groove.Pectoralis major to lateral lip of groove.Latissimus (Lady) is on floor of groove, between the 2 majors.

Aortic arch: major branch order "Know your ABC'S":Aortic arch gives rise to:Brachiocephalic trunkleft Common Carotidleft Subclavian Beware though trick question of 'What is first branch of aorta?' Technically,it's the coronary arteries.

Supine vs. prone body position Know SUPination isyour hand while carrying a bowl of SOUP. Your face follows where yourpalm is facing [i.e. up]. Put a handpuppet on your hand while hand is insupination and the puppet will be the supine position.

Bowel Components"Dow Jones Industrial Average Closing Stock Report"

-Duodenum-Jejunum-Ileum-Appendix-Colon-Sigmoid-RectumBrachial Plexus"Real Texans Drink Cold beer"

-Roots-Trunks-Divisions-Cords-BranchesBrachial Plexus Branches"My Aunt Raped My Uncle"

-Musculocutaneous-Axillary-Radial-Median-UlnarBrachial Plexus Lateral Cord"Love Me Lucy"

-Lateral root of median nerve-Musculocutaneous nerve-Lateral pectoral nerveBrachial Plexus Medial Cord"Please, CA, Come Fold My Underwear"

-Medial Pectoral nerve-Medial Cutaneous nerve of Arm-Medial Cutaneous nerve of Forearm-Medial root of median nerve-Ulnar nerveBranches for the Post. Cord of Brach Plexus"ULNAR"

-Upper subscapular nerve-Lower subscapular nerve-Nerve to latissimus dorsi (thoracodorsal nerve)-Axillary nerve-Radial nerve

Carpal bones: trapezium vs. trapezoid location Sincethere's two T's in carpal bone mnemonic sentences, need to know which T iswhere:TrapeziUM is by the thUMB, TrapeziOID is inSIDE. Alternatively, TrapeziUM is by the thUMB, TrapezOID is byits SIDE.

Lumbricals action Lumbrical action is to hold a pea, that isto flex the metacarpophalangeal joint and extend the interphalangeal joints.When look at hand in this position, can see this makes an "L" shape, since Lis for Lumbrical.

Elbow: which side has common flexor origin FM (as inFM Radio):Flexor Medial, so Common Flexor Origin is on the medial side.

Medial malleolus: order of tendons, artery, nerve behind it"Tom, Dick, And Nervous Harry": From anterior to posterior:TibialisDigitorumArteryNerveHallicus Full names for these are: Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus,Posterior Tibial Artery, Posterior Tibial Nerve, Flexor Hallicus Longus. Alternatively: "Tom, Dick ANd Harry". Alternatively: "Tom, Dick And Not Harry".

Tibia vs. fibula: which is lateral The FibuLA is LAteral.

Popliteal fossa: muscles arrangement The two Semi's gotogether, Semimembranosus and Semitendonosus.The Membranosus is Medial and since the two semis go together,Semitendonosus is also medial.Therefore, Biceps Femoris has to be lateral.Of the semi's, to remember which one is superficial: the Tendonosus is onTop.

Femoral triangle: arrangement of contents NAVEL: From lateral hip towards medial navel:Nerve (directly behind sheath)Artery (within sheath)Vein (within sheath)Empty space (between vein and lymph)Lymphatics (with deep inguinal node) Nerve/Artery/Vein are all called Femoral.4th set

Horner's syndrome: components "HORNy PAM" Horner's is:PtosisAnhidrosisMiosis Extra details with HORNY PAMELa:PtosisAnhidrosisMiosisEnophthalmosLoss of ciliospinal reflex

Mediastinums: posterior mediastinum structures There are 4birds:The esophaGOOSE (esophagus)The vaGOOSE nerveThe azyGOOSE veinThe thoracic DUCK (duct)

Thigh: innervation by compartment "MAP OF Sciatic":Medial compartment: ObturatorAnterior compartment: FemoralPosterior compartment: Sciatic So all the thigh muscles in that compartment get innervated by that nerve.

Femoral artery deep branches "Put My LegDown Please":Profundus femoris (deep femoral artery)Medial circumflex femoral arteryLateral circumflex femoral arteryDescending genicular arteriesPerforating arteries

Carpal bones (multangular names) "Never LowerTillie's Pants. Mother May Come Home.":NavicularLunateTriquetriumPisiformgreater Multangular (trapezium)lesser Multangular (trapezoid)CapitateHamate

External carotid artery branches "Suzy AlwaysLays Flat On Pillows Making Sex Terrific":Superior thyroidAscending pharyngealLingualFacialOccipitalPosterior auricularMaxillarySuperificial Temporal

Coelic trunk: branches Left Hand Side (LHS):Left gastric arteryHepatic arterySplenic artery

Biceps brachii muscle: origins "You walk shorter to astreet corner. You ride longer on a superhighway.": Short head originates from coracoid process. Long head originates from the supraglenoid cavity.

Heart valve sequence "Try Pulling My Aorta":TricuspidPulmonaryMitralAorta

Bell's palsy: symptoms BELL'S Palsy:Blink reflex abnormalEaracheLacrimation [deficient, excess]Loss of tasteSudden onsetPalsy of VII nerve muscles All symptoms are unilateral.

Superior mediastinum: contents PVT Left BATTLE:Phrenic nerveVagus nerveThoracic ductLeft recurrent laryngeal nerve (not the right)Brachiocephalic veinsAortic arch (and its 3 branches)ThymusTracheaLymph nodesEsophagus

Inguinal canal: walls "MALT: 2M, 2A, 2L,2T": Starting from superior, moving around in order to posterior:Superior wall (roof): 2 Muscles: internal oblique Muscle transverse abdominus MuscleAnterior wall: 2 Aponeuroses: Aponeurosis of external oblique Aponeurosis of internal obliqueLower wall (floor): 2 Ligaments: inguinal Ligament lacunar LigamentPosterior wall: 2Ts: Transversalis fascia conjoint Tendon

Scalp: nerve supply GLASS:Greater occipital/ Greater auricularLesser occipitalAuriculotemporalSupratrochlearSupraorbital

Tarsal bones "Tall Californian Navy Medcial Interns Lay Cuties": In order (right foot, superior to inferior, medial to lateral):TalusCalcanousNavicularMedial cuneiformIntermediate cuneiformLateral cuneifromCuboid

Eye rotation by oblique muscles "I Love S&M":Inferior oblique: Lateral eye rotation.Superior oblique: Medial eye rotation.

External carotid artery branches "She Lay FlaccidAs Olaf's Penis Slipped In": From caudal to cephalad:Superior thyroidLingualFacialAscending pharyngealOccipitalPosterior auricularSuperficial temporal(Internal) maxillary

Brachial artery is medial to biceps tendon "BAMBI":Brachial Artery is Medial to Biceps In elbow.

Retroperitoneal organs (major) "AC/DC RockerKids Party Down":Ascending ColonDescending ColonRectumKidneysPancreasDuodenum

Ossification ages "Every Potential AnatomistShould Know When" When they ossify, in order of increasing year:Elbow: 16 yearsPelvis, Ankle: 17 yearsShoulder, Knee: 18 yearsWrist: 19 years

Foramen ovale contents OVALE:Otic ganglion (just inferior)V3 cranial nerveAccessory meningeal arteryLesser petrosal nerveEmissary veins Carpal bones "Sally Lowers Tim's Pants,Then Things Can Happen": Proximal row lateral to medial:ScaphoidLunateTriquetriumPisiform Distal row, lateral to medial:TrapeziumTrapezoidCapateHamate

Thoracoacromial trunk: branches "Cadavers AreDead People":ClavicularAcromialDeltoidPectoral

Pes anserinus: component tendons "Some God*amnedTendon": From medial to lateral:SartoriusGracilisSemitendinosus

Carpal bones "Simply Learn The PartsThat The Carpus Has":Proximal row first, then distal row:ScaphoidLunateTriquetriumPisiformTrapeziumTrapezoidCapateHamate

Course of UretersWater runs under the bridge

Uterine artery is the "water," Ureter is "the bridge." In men, it would be the Ductus deferens instead of uterine artery.Cranial Bones"Old Pygmies From Tuvalu Eat Skulls"

Occipital Parietal Frontal Temporal Ethmoid SphenoidCranial Nerves"On Old Olympus' towering tops, a fat-ass German vaults and hops"

-Olfactory-Optic-Oculomotor-Trochlear-Trigeminal-Abucens-Facial-Auditory (Vestibulocochlear)-Glossopharyngeal-Vagus-Accessory-HypoglossalCubital Fossa Contents (Medial to Lateral)"My Bottoms Turned Red"

-Median nerve-Brachial artery-Tendon of biceps-Radial nerveDorsiflexors of Foot"FEET"

-Fibularis tertius (Peroneous)-Extensor hallicus longs-Extensor digitorum longus-Tibialis anteriorErection, Emission, Ejaculation"Point, Shoot, Score!"

-Parasympathetic-Sympathetic-Somatomotor

Tibia vs. fibula: sizes The Fibula is thin like a Flute.The Tibia is thick like a Tuba.

Subclavian artery branches "Very Tired IndividualsSip Strong Coffee Served Daily":Vertebral arteryThyrocervical trunk---Inferior thyroid---Superficial cervical---SuprascapularCostocervical---Superior intercostal---Deep cervical

Internal pudendal branches "I Pee PeeBut Don't Dump!":Inferior rectalPosterior scrotal (or labial)PerinealBulbDeep arteryDorsal artery

Horner's syndrome: components PAM:PtosisAnhydrosisMiosis

Erector spinae muscles: order Spinalis is on the spine (most medial).Iliocostalis is on the ribs (most lateral).And it's a Long (Longissimus) way between the spine and the ribs!

Hand fractures: Colle's vs. Smith's Colle's fracture:arm in fall position makes a 'C' shape.Smith's fracture: arm in fall position makes a 'S' shape.

Femoral triangle: boundaries "So I MayAlways Love Sally":Superiorly: Inguinal ligamentMedially: Adductor longusLaterally: Sartorius

Arm fractures: nerves affected by humerus fracture locationARM fracture: From superior to inferior:Axillary: head of humerusRadial: mid shaftMedian: supracondular

Extraocular muscles: movements "ObliqLiques cause lateral rotation of eyeball": Obliques cause lateral, all other rectii are medial rotators of the eyeball.Action of the obliques is opposite to their names.Action of the rectii is rightly fitting to their names.Both superiors cause intorsion and both inferiors cause extorsion.

Cruciate ligaments: insertions PAMS APPLES:Posterior [passes] Anterior [inserts] Medially.Anterior [passes] Posteriorly [inserts] Laterally.

Tibia: muscles of pes anserinus (the muscles attached to tibia'smedial side) "A Girl between Two Sargeants":Gracilus is betweenSartorius andSemitendonosus

Erector spinae muscles "I Like Standing": From lateral to medialIlliocostalisLongissimusSpinalis

Lower limb peripheral nerve injurys "Drop into a DEeP PIT and shuffle your way out":Foot Drop results from Dorsiflexors and Evertors paralysis,due to common Peroneal nerve lesion.Plantarflexion and Inversion impairment due to Tibial nervelesion, results in a shuffling gait.

Genu valgum vs. genu vargum Genu valGUM (knock-knee):knees are GUMmed together. Varum (bowleg) is the other by default, or Far rhymes with Var,so knees are far apart.

Carpel bones "So Long To Pinky,Here Comes The Thumb": Proximal row, lateral-to-medial, then distal row, medial-to-medial:ScaphoidLunateTriquetriumPisiformHamateCapateTrapezoidTrapezium

Bronchopulmonary segments of the left lung "Astute Anatomists Share Inside Secrets About Lungs":Apicoposterior (S1+2)Anterior (S3)Superior (S4)Inferior (S5)Superior (S6)Anteromedial basal (S7+8)Lateral basal (S9)

Vagal nerve: path into thorax Vagus nerve, unlike phrenic,continues through diaphragm with esophagus--it is "Not Left Behind": The left vagus is anterior, right is posterior [behind].

Atrioventricular valves "LAB RAT":Left Atrium: BicuspidRight Atrium: Tricuspid

Cubital fossa contents MBBR: From medial to lateral:Median nerveBrachial arteryBiceps tendonRadial nerve

Muscles: potentially absent ones Muscles which may beabsent but may be important:5 P's:Palmaris longus [upper limb]Plantaris [lower limb]Peroneus tertius [lower limb]Pyramidalis [anterior abdominal wall]Psoas minor [posterior abdominal wall]

Brachial plexus: numbers of each section It is the samebackwards and forwards:5-3-2-3-5:5 Rami3 Trunks2 Divisions3 Cords5 Terminal nerves

Carpal bones "These Things Can Happen.Sensible Lovers Take Precautions": Distal to proximal:TrapeziumTrapezoidCapitateHamateScaphoidLunateTriquetrumPisiform

Umbilical ligaments: contents IOU: From lateral to medial:lateral umbilical ligament: Inferior epigastric vesselsmedial unbilical ligament: Obliterated umbilical arterymedian umbilical ligament: Urachus

Vetebrae subtypes "Certain Doctors LuvSaddling Coeds": From superior to inferior:CervicalDorsalLumbarSacrumCoccyx

Leg: anterior muscles of leg "The Hospitals Are Not Dirty Places":T: Tibialis anteriorH: extensor Hallucis longusA: anterior tibial ArteryN: deep fibular NerveD: extensor Digitorum longusP: Peronius tertius [aka fibularis tertius]

Tarsal bones "Traverse City (is) Noted(for) MIchigan's Lovely Cherries":TalusCalcaneus(new row)Navicular(new row)Medial Intermediate cuneiformsLateral cuneiformCuboid

Ear: bones of inner ear Take a Hammer: MalleusHit an Indian Elephant: IncusIt puts its foot in a stirrup: Stapes Describes the shape, and relative position (from out to in) of the inner earbones. Alternatively: "Mailing Includes Stamps".

Bowel components "Dublin Sisters CeramicRed Colored Jewelry Apparently Illegal": 2-4 letters of each component:DuodenumSigmoidCecumRectumColonJejunumAppendixIleum

Tarsal tunnel: contents "Tiny Dogs AreNot Hunters": From superior to inferior:T: Tibialis posteriorF: flexor Digitorum longusA: posterior tibial ArteryN: tibial NerveH: flexor Hallucis longus

Radial nerve: muscles innervated "Try A BigChocolate Chip Sundae, Double Dip CherriesAnd Peanuts Preferably Included": In order of their innervation, proximal to distal:TricepsAnconeusBrachioradialisext. Carpi radialis longusext. Carpi radialis brevisSupinatorext. Digitorumext.Digiti minimiext. Carpi ulnarisAbductor poll. longusext. Poll. brevisext. P poll. longusext. Indicis For the neighboring words that start with the same letter (eg: chocolate andchip), notice that the longer word in the mnemonic, corresponds to thelonger of the two muscle names (ex: ext. carpi radialis longus and ext.carpi radialis brevis)

Psoas major: innervation If you hit L2, 3, 4Psoas gets sore!

Inferior vena cava tributaries "I Like ToRise So High":IlliacsLumbarTesticularRenalSuprarenalHepatic vein. Think of the IVC wanting to rise high up to the heart.

Supination vs. pronation "SOUPination": Supination isto turn your arm palm up, as if you are holding a bowl of soup."POUR-nation": Pronation is to turn your arm with the palm down, as ifyou are pouring out whatever is your bowl. Alternatively, Pronation donation: Pronation is palm facingdownward, as if making a donation.

Carpal tunnel syndrome: causes TRAMP:Trauma (occupational)Rheumatiod arthritisAcromegalyMyxoedemaPregnancy Alternatively: ARMPIT to include Idiopathic.5th set

Cavernous sinus contents O TOM CAT:O TOM are lateral wall components, in order from superior to inferior.CA are the components within the sinus, from medial to lateral. CA ends at thelevel of T from O TOM.Occulomotor nerve (III)Trochlear nerve (IV)Ophthalmic nerve (V1)Maxillary nerve (V2)Carotid arteryAbducent nerve (VI)T: When written, connects to the T of OTOM.

Facial bones "Virgil Can Not MakeMy Pet Zebra Laugh!":VomerConchaeNasalMaxillaMandiblePalatineZygomaticLacrimal

Cranial bones "Fraternity Parties OccasionallyTeach Spam Etiquette": The first two letters of each bone:FrontalParietalOccipitalTemporalSphenoidEthmoid

Superior mediastinum contents "BATS & TENT":Brachiocephalic veinsArch of aortaThymusSuperior vena cavaTracheaEsophagusNerves (vagus & phrenic)Thoracic duct

Femoral triangle: contents NAVY: In order from lateral to medial:NerveArteryVeinY of the groin Alternatively: Y = Y-fronts [male underwear].

Carpal bones "The boat sailed to the moon with3 pEas in a rOw, at the wheel was Captain Hook": Carpal bones in order of occurrence:Boat is scaphoid. Moon is lunate. 3 is triquetrum. Peas is pisiform (stressingthe E sound for trapezium). Row is trapezoid (stressing the O for trapezOid).Captain is capitate. Hook is hamate (hamate has the hook).

Internal iliac artery: anterior branches What Bill admittedto Hilary: "I Milked Our Insatiable Intern'sUdders Under the Desk":Inferior glutealMiddle rectalObturatorInferior vesical arteryInternal pudendal arteryUmbilicalU/D=Uterine artery (female)/ Deferential artery(male)

Facial nerve: branches after Stylomastoid foramen "TenZulus Buggered My Cat (Painfully)": From superior to inferior:Temporal branchZygomatic branchBuccal branchMandibular branchCervical branch(Posterior auricular nerve) Alternatively: "PAssing Through Zanzibar By MotorCar" (PA for Posterior Auricular).

Sperm pathway through male reproductive tract "STaRTDEEP--VD!": Sperm duct system progression, from smallest to largest:ST: Seminiferous TubulesRT: Rete TestesDE: Ductus EfferentesEP: EpididymisVD: Vas Deferens

Horner's syndrome components SPAM:Sunken eyeballs/ Symphathetic plexus (cervical) affectedPtosisAnhydrosisMiosis

Spermatic cord contents "Piles Don't ContributeTo A Good Sex Life":Pampiniform plexusDuctus deferensCremasteric arteryTesticular arteryArtery of the ductus deferensGenital branch of the genitofemoral nerveSympathetic nerve fibersLymphatic vessels

Maxillary artery branches "DAM I AM Piss DrunkBut Stupid Drunk I Prefer, Must PhoneAlcoholics Anonymous":Deep auricularAnterior tympanicMiddle meningealInferior alveolarAccessory meningealMassetericPterygoidDeep temporalBuccalSphenopalatineDescending palatineInfraorbitalPosterior superior alveolarMiddle superior alveolarPharyngealAnterior superior alveolarArtery of the pterygoid canal

Interossei muscles: actions of dorsal vs. palmar in hand "PAdand DAb":The Palmar Adduct and the Dorsal Abduct. Use your hand to dab with a pad.

V3 innervated muscles (branchial arch 1 derivatives) "M.D.My TV":Mastication [masseter, temporalis, pterygoids]Digastric [anterior belly]Mylohyoidtensor Tympanitensor Veli palatini

CN VII innervated muscles (branchial arch 2 derivatives)"Imagine someone making the facial expression to say 'PSS...' ":Facial expression musclesPosterior belly of digastricStapediusStylohyoid

Sperm pathway through male reproductive tract SEVEN UP:Seminiferous tubulesEpididymisVas deferensEjaculatory ductNothingUrethraPenis

Thoracic cage: relations to the important venous structuresBehind the sternoclavicular joints: the brachiocephalic veins begin.Behind the 1st costal cartilage on the right the superior vena cavabegins.Behind the 2nd costal cartilage on the right the azygos vein ends.Behind the 3rd costal cartilage on the right the superior vena cava ends.

Carpal bones "Scottish Lads Take ProstitutesTo The Caledonian Hotel": Proximal row, then distal row:ScaphoidLunateTriquetriumPisiformTrapeziumTrapezoidCapateHamate Alternatively: "Students Like Taking ProstitutesTo The Carelton Hotel".

Carpal bones "She Looks Too Pretty;Try To Catch Her": Proximal row then distal row, both lateral-to-medial:ScaphoidLunateTriquetriumPisiformTrapeziumTrapezoidCapateHamate Alternatively: "She Likes To Play; Try ToCatch Her".

Femoral hernia: epidemiology FEMoral hernias are morecommon in FEMales.

Superior orbital fissure: structures passing through "LiveFree To See Absolutely No Insult":Lacrimal nerveFrontal nerveTrochlear nerveSuperior branch of oculomotor nerveAbducent nerveNasociliary nerveInferior branch of oculomotor nerve

V3: sensory branches "Buccaneers Are InferiorLinguists":BuccalAuriculotemporalInferior alveolarLingual

External carotid artery branches "So Long ForActing Old Parenting Means Stability":Superior thyroidLingualFacialAscending pharyngealOcciptalPosterior auricularMaxillarySuperficial temporal

Spinal cord: length in vertebral column SCULL:Spinal Cord Until L2 (LL).

Carotid sheath contents "I See 10 CC's in the IV":I See (I.C.) = Internal Carotid artery10 = CN 10 (Vagus nerve)CC = Common Carotid arteryIV = Internal Jugular Vein

Obturator canal: relations of structures "Who's flying inthe top of Obturator canal? Obviously Not A Vein!":ObturatorNerveArteryVein

Lacrimal nerve course "Lacrimal's story of 8 L's":Lacrimal nerve runs on Lateral wall of orbit above Lateralrectus, then Lets communicating branch join in, then supplies Lacrimalgland, then Leaves it and supplies Lateral upper eye Lid!

Internal iliac artery: posterior branch PILS:Posterior branchIliolumbarLateral sacralSuperior gluteal

Facial nerve branches "Two Zombies BuggeredMy Cat": From superior to inferior:Temporal branchZygomatic branchBuccal branchMandibular branchCervical branch Alternatively: "Two Zulus Bit My Cat". Alternatively: "Two Zebras Bit My Coccyx". Alternatively: "To Zanzibar By Motor Car". Alternatively: "Tall Zulus Bear Many Children" Alternatively: "Tell Ziggy Bob Marley Called".

External carotid artery branches StApLE OPIS:Superior thyroidAscending pharyngealLingualExternal maxillary (facial)OccipitalPosterior auricularInternal maxillarySuperficial temporal

Bronchi: which is more vertical "Right on Red":Many places allow making a right hand turn at a red light, if youfirst come to a complete stop.A child swallowing a red penny is more likely to get it stoppeddown the right bronchus, since it is more vertical.

Hip: lateral rotators "Play Golf Or Go On Quaaludes": From top to bottom:PiriformisGemellus superiorObturator internusGemellus inferiorObturator externusQuadratus femoris Alternatively: "P-GO-GO-Q".

Cartilage derivatives of 1st pharyngeal arch (mandibular) "I'MA Super Sexy Guy" (or Girl):IncusMalleusAnterior ligament of malleusSpine of sphenoidSphenomandibular ligamentGenial tubercle of mandible

Axillary artery branches "Suzy Thompkins LovesSex, Alcohol, and Pot": From proximal to distal:Superior thoracicThoracacromialLateral thoracicSubscapularAnterior circumflex humeralPosterior circumflex humeral

Brachial artery: recurrent and collateral branches "IAm Pretty Sexy"Inferior ulnar collateral artery goes with Anterior ulnarrecurrent artery.Posterior ulnar recurrent artery goes with Superior ulnarcollateral artery. Alternatively: "I Am Pretty Smart".

Cubital fossa contents "My Bottoms TurnedRed": From medial to lateral:Median nerveBrachial arteryTendon of bicepsRadial nerve

Lumbar plexus "I, I Get Laid On Fridays":Iliohypogastric [L1]Ilioinguinal [L1]Genitofemoral [L1, L2]Lateral femoral cutaneous [L2, L3]Obtruator [L2, L3, L4]Femoral [L2, L3, L4] Alternatively: "I twice Get Laid On Fridays". Alternatively: "Interested In Getting Laid OnFridays?"

Intrinsic muscles of hand (palmar surface) "A OF A OF A": Thenar, lateral to medial:Abductor pollicis longusOpponens pollicisFlexor pollicis brevisAdductor pollicis. Hypothenar, lateral to medial:Opponens digiti minimiFlexor digiti minimiAbductor digiti minimi

Orbit: bones of medial wall "My Little EyeSits in the orbit":Maxilla (frontal process)LacrimalEthmoidSphenoid (body)

Hip: lateral rotators "Piece Goods OftenGo On Quilts":PiriformisGemellus superiorObturator internusGemellus inferiorObturator externusQuadratus femoris

Erector spinae muscles "I Love Sex": From lateral to medial:IliocostalisLongissimusSpinalis Alternatively: "I Long for Spinach" "Sex" helps you think of "Erector", but "Long" and "Spinach" help you rememberthe muscles' names.

Thoracoacromial artery branches "CAlifornia PoliceDepartment":ClavicularAcromialPectoralDeltoid

Axillary artery branches "Send The Lordto Say A Prayer": From proximal to distal:Superior thoracicThoracacromialLateral thoracicSubscapularAnterior circumflex humeralPosterior circumflex humeral

Scrotum layers "Some Damn Englishman Called It The Testis": From superficial to deep:SkinDartosExternal spermatic fasciaCremasterInternal spermatic fasciaTunica vaginalisTestis

Internal jugular vein: tributaries "Medical SchoolsLet Confident People In": From inferior to superior:Middle thyroidSuperior thyroidLingualCommon facialPharyngealInferior petrosal sinus

Retroperitoneal structures list SAD PUCKER:Suprarenal glandsAorta & IVCDuodenum (half)PancreasUretersColon (ascending & descending)KidneysEsophagus (anterior & left covered)Rectum

Portal-systemic anastomoses: main 2 places that retroperitonealsconnect into systemic RetroPeritoneals hook up with Renaland Paravertebral veins.

Serratus anterior: innervation SALT:Serratus Anterior = Long Thoracic.

Carpal bones "Stop Letting Those PeopleTouch The Cadaver's Hand": Proximal row, lateral-to-medial:ScaphoidLunateTriquetrumPisiform Distal row, lateral-to-medial:TrapeziumTrapezoidCapitateHamate Alternatively: "Stop Letting The Professor TouchThe Cadaver's Hand"

Carpum and tarsum "SCIT":(Artum) Superior Carpum(Artum) Inferior Tarsum

Extraocular muscles cranial nerve innervation "LR6SO4rest 3":Lateral Rectus is 6thSuperior Oblique is 4threst are all 3rd cranial nerve

Brachial plexus organization "The Castrated Dog Turns Rabid": From lateral to medial:Terminal branchesCordsDivisionsTrunksRoots

Foramen ovale contents MALE:Mandibular nerveAccessory meningeal arteryLesser petrosal nerveEmissary veinsAlternatively: also include Motor root of Trigeminal and Middlemeningeal vein under 'M'.

Supine vs. prone body position "Supine is on your spine.Therefore, prone's the "other" one. Also, prone to suffocate in prone position.

External carotid artery branches "Sister Lucy'sPowdered Face Often Attracts Silly Medicos": Before entering the parotid gland:Superior thyroidLingualPosterior auricularFacialOccipitalAscending pharyngeal Ends as:Superficial temporal andMaxillary bifurcating in the in the parotid gland

Femoral triangle: arrangement of nerve, artery, vein VAN: From medial to lateral:VeinArteryNerve Nerve/Artery/Vein are all called Femoral.

Bronchi: which one is more vertical "Inhale a bite,goes down the right":Inhaled objects more likely to lodge in right bronchus, since it is the one thatis more vertical