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ANATOMY I, CHAPTER 12a CNS - BRAIN 2 Protection and coverings of brain Cranial ________(menix): ________ that ________ the ________ and are __________ with ________ meninges. ________ layers: ________ ________, ________ matter &_____ matter

1. ______ matter (________________) -________ ________ ________ layer (leather like) and a ________ ________ meningeal layer

2. __________ layer (________ web-like): ________ ________ layer

3 3. ______ Matter: Very ______ ________ layer that is attached to ________ of the _______ and follows brain ________ ________ __________ layer and _____ matter is the ___________ space which contains ____________ ________ 4 Figure 12.24: page 460 5 Brain- Largest and most complex portion of the nervous system – ________ ________ ________. ___________ Development 1. At _____ weeks embryo develops a ________ ________ 2. Plate __________ to form ________ ________ 3. Superior ________ of grove ________ and form a___________. 4. __________portion of tube ________ but ________ ________ it into ___ separate ___________ that become ___________ 6. Figure: 12.1; pg. 430 7. Figure: 12.1; pg. 430

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8 Figure: 12.1; pg. 430 9. Figure: 12.1; pg. 430 10. Figure: 12.2; pg. 431 11 ____________ ________: Fluid that circulates ________ and ________ the ________ and ________ ________ __________ (4): ________ ________ in ________ filled with __________ ________. __________ ventricles: located in________ ____________ of the brain __________ __ ________ ventricle: ________ slit in the ________ ________ventricle: Lies in the________ 12 About ________ of cerebrospinal fluid produced each ______ by the ________ ________ normally, that amount is __________into the _______. If __________ occurs the________ ________ up. ________ ________ in ________. __________ acts as a ________ and ________ the brain Serves as a source of ________ ________, ________ and removal of ________ 13 Figure: 12.26; pg. 462 CSF Circulation 14 Figures 12.5a; pg.433 ventricles 15. Figures 12.5b; pg.433 ventricles 16 Figure: 12.27; pg. 463 Hydrocephalus 17 Brain is divided into ___ main sections: ________, ___________, ______ ______, & ___________

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__________ – _________ part of the brain consisting of____ ________ _____________ and __________ by a __________ __________ (deep grove) ______of brain mass ________ ________ are__________ by nerve fibers called _______ ________ 18 Cortex ________ ________ where ________ ________ is found – ____________ – _____ of brain _____ _____ layers: ________ – ________ ________; inner – ________ ________ The cortex has ____________ (elevated ridges or convolutions) and ____________ (shallow groves) 19 Figure 12.6, Pg.434 20 Figure 12.6 a, Pg, 434 21 Figure: 12.6a, pg. 436 corpus callosum 22 Cortex ________ by prominent ________ into ________– named according to overlying ________ ________ ________ sulcus separates the________& ________ (2) ________ (2) seperated from ________ by the ________ sulcus __________ lobes(2) separated from ________ & ________ bt the ________ sulcus Fifth lobe, ________, is ________ ________ within the ________ sulcus 23 Figure: 12.6a; pg. 434 24 Figure 12.6c: pg. 434 25 Fig. 12.6 b: pg. 434

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26 Cortex contains ________ of ________ ________:

1. ________, ________ & ________ areas 2. Each hemisphere is concerned w/ ________ & ________

function of the __________ (opposite) side of the body (ipsilateral – same side)

3. Function ________ totally equal bilaterally – some “specialization” _____________

4. Areas are never totally __________ always some ________ 27 Digress: Nuclei: mass of neurons (cell bodies) in CNS Ganglia: mass of neurons (cell bodies) in PNS 28 Primary motor (________) cortex Found in ________ ________ of ________ lobe ___________ control of ________ (skeletal) muscles Contains large ________ ________* with long __________ ________* (________ tracts) to the ________ ________ Control of ________ body structures are controlled by pyramidal cells in a __________ region of the primary motor cortex _________: mapping of regions 29 Figure: 12.8 a; Pg. 436 30 Figure 12.9; pg. 438 (motor homunculus) 31 __________: ________ ________ of brain – three parts ________, __________ & __________ ___________: (________ room) ______ in middle of brain – ________ ________ of the ____ ventricle ________ ________ for __________ coming ______ the cerebral cortex – ________, ________, ________ – sent to ________ area of the __________

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___________: ________ the ________ – ________walls of the third ventricle main ________ ________ center and subsequently controls body ____________ 32 ___________: ______ of ____________ that connects to __________ gland __________bodies: _____shaped nuclei that relay impulses from __________ (smell) sense 32 ROLES of hypothalamus

1. ___________ NS control – blood pressure, heart rate, pipil size

2. Center for __________response 3. Body ___________ 4. ________ ________ regulation

33 5. Regulation of ________________cycles 6. Control __________hormone) system ___________most ________ aspect of diencephalon – posterior boarder includes ________gland/body – produces ________, a ________ inducing hormone 34 Figure: 12.12; pg. 443 35 ________ ________ Group of structures located on the ________ aspect of the ________ and the ___________ It’s our ________ aspects of ________ or ________ relating to ________, ________, pain & memory Two important parts: __________ anterior cigulate gyrus ________: __________angry or fearfull facial expressions ________ ________: plays role in expressing ________ and ________ mental ________

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36 Figure: 12.18; pg. 452 limbic system 37 ________ ________: Rigidly programmed ________ ________ necessary for ________ – contains all ________ ________ except I & II Includes: __________, ______& ________ ________ __________: located between ___________ and ______. Contains the cerebral _________ which connects __________ ventricles ______ (bridge): conduction________ – contains ________ __________: paired fibers in ventral portion, __________ upper parts of ______ w/ ______ ______ _________ ________: Communication w/ superior ______ ______ 38 Figure: 12.15a; pg. 446 cerebral peduncles 39 ________ ___________: _____, dorsal dome-like protrusions. 2 ________ ________: are ________ ________ for ________, head & neck __________ from ________ stimuli. 2 ________ ________: reflex centers for ________ and ________ from ________ stimuli __________ ________: (pillars – “holding up”) (dorsal view) _____ _______connecting ________ to ________ 40 Figure:12.15c dorsal–corpora quadrigemina 41 __________ ________: near cerebral peduncles –control ___________ ________ – degeneration of ________ (neurotransmiter) releasing neurons of substantia nigra is ultimate cause of ___________ disease

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________ ________: (red- iron) Ending place for fibers from cerebellum and cerebral cortex- deep in substantia nigra function in ________ ________ 42 Figure:12.16a;pg. 448–red nucleus& substntia 43 ______: Neural _________ between ______and ________ ________ - Bulging portion of brain stem __________ midbrain & medulla oblongata – Pneumotaxic area & Apneustic area : nucleui in pons that controls breathing 44 Figure: 12.15b; pg. 446 pons lateral 45 __________ ________: __________ w/ superior ________ ________ __________- ventral bulges w/ motor ________ from ________ cells in ________ cortex to spinal cord ________ of ________: region where ________ tracts ________to ________ sides. 46 Figure: 12.15a; pg. 446 ventral –pyramid/decus 47 ____________: ________ ________ from ________ cortex, ______ ______nuclei and sensory ________ to provide precise ________ patterns of muscle ________ for smooth __________ ________ _____ bilaterally symmetrical, apple sized __________ connected medially by a worm shaped ________ Surface has pleat-like _______ called folia (leaves) Deep fissures divide the cerebellum into a ________, ________ and _____________ lobes

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48 _______ and _________ lobe function in ____________ movement ______________ lobe, on inferior surface, functions in sense of __________ (balance) 49 Figure 12.17; pg. 451 cerebellum 50 _________ cortex: _______ layer of _______ matter _______ _______: _______ _______ matter that has a _________ appearance so, gray matter reaches deep _______white matter. __________ peduncles _______ _______ peduncle: connects _______ to_______ _______ _______ _______ peduncle: connects _________ to _______ _________ peduncle: connects _________ to_______ 51 Figure: 12.17a&b; pg. 451 52 Figure: 12.17a&b; pg. 451

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Anatomy I, Notes: Chapter 12b – Spinal cord 2 The Spinal Cord - pg 466

- Enclosed by the__________ __________ - __________ long, _______ wide - Goes from __________ __________ (distal end of brain

stem) and __________ Figure: 14.1; page 526 at level of L2 as__________ __________

- Spinal nerve fibers continue __________ __________ __________ of the_____ __________ holds __________ __________ in a loose sac called __________ __________ – it’s anchored at bottom of neural canal

3 Function - ______ _______ nerve impulse__________ ___ and ________the __________ by __________ and __________ nerve ________- major__________ __________ - 4 Figure 12.29; pg. 467 5 Fig. 12.29b; pg. 467 6 Fig. 12.29c; pg. 467 7 Fig. 12.29d; pg. 467 8 Fig. 12.29b; pg. 467

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9 __________ __ – same as _________ –_____ matter, __________ matter & ________ matter -Dura matter is _____ __________ to ______ wall of spinal column like the__________ -Arachnoid and pia matter extend down to____ –__________ the ______ layers is a ____ __________ ______ with __________ __________ fluid (Central canal) __________ bony ________ __________ and the __________ __________ is an __________ __________ filled with ______ __________ and ________ __________ 10 Figure: 12.31b; pg. 469 11 Figure: 12.31a; pg. 469 12 _______ __________ /lumbar puncture – __________ fo __________ ___ fluid for __________ purposes __________ ___-___ longer any__________ __________ just __________ __________ __________ and these_________away from puncturing __________ 13 Figure: 12.30; pg. 468 14 Cross section Anatomy of Spinal Cord ________/__________ with a __________ /__________ __________ __________ and a posterior/dorsal __________ __________

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15 Spinal cord consist o_________& __________ __________ __________ __________ looks kind of like a __________ or an ________ Both sides are__________ __________ and have a thin __________ called a __________ __________ which has a __________ __________ in the center (____________________) Each side has a__________ , __________ horns – though the __________and upper_________region also has a_________ horn 16 Figure: 12.31 b; page 469 17 __________ of _____ __________ is dependant on number of __________ __________ Since the _____/__________ and_____/_________ have a________ of __________ there will be ________ amount of__________ __________ in the sections of the spinal cord that __________ these muscles. Therefore, the spinal cord is __________ in the________ region that controls the __________ __________ as well as the __________ region that controls the__________ __________. This produces the__________ and__________ __________ 18 Figure: 12.29; page: 467 19 __________ __________ - __________ – provides _______________between different parts of__________ __________ & w/ the __________ 3 columns or __________ /__________ __________, __________ &__________ Will be __________ or __________ ______ (bundles of nerve fibers/________) -__________ tracts are __________ -__________ tracts are__________

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20 Figure: 12.31 b; page 469 21 Figure: 12.33; page: 471 22 Figure: 12.34; page: 471 23 Figure: 12.34; page: 47 24 __________ _________ – __________ and _________ horns __________ Horns – __________ - they __________ __________ impulses from __________ nerves (__________) bringing nerve ____ the spinal cord from nerve __________ in the __________ From there the __________ will be sent to the__________ by the __________, __________ tracts __________ __________ – __________- they send motor impulses, received from the efferent descending tracts, ___ the __________ in the body by the way of __________ nerves 25 Figure: 12.32; page: 470 26 The afferent__________ nerve impulses __________ the _________ ______by __________ The efferent motor _________impulses________ the __________ __________ by __________ 27 Figure: 12.31b; page: 469 28 The__________ merge to form a__________ and the roots __________ to form a__________ (bundle of ________/_______) The nerve is__________ ________ _________ sensory fibers and __________, motor fibers so, it is called a __________ nerve. 29 Figure: 12.31b; page: 470

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