ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NEURON ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 2013-2014.
Anatomy and Physiology Module #1 Homeostasis
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Transcript of Anatomy and Physiology Module #1 Homeostasis
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Homeostasis in the
skeletal system
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Homeostatis
Calcium levels in the blood must be maintained within a certain range or it can be dangerous to the body.
Normal Range: 9.0–10.5 milligrams of Ca+ per deciliter (mg/dL)
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Homeostasis
Calcium levels in the blood are controlled by the endocrine system.
Two organs located in the neck responsible for calcium regulation are the thyroid and parathyroid.
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Homeostasis
Ca+ regulation is controlled by negative feedback systems.
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Homeostasis
When blood calcium levels are too low the parathyroid will release parathyroid hormone (PTH) resulting in:
1. Increased osteoclast activityreleasing Ca+ from the bone intothe blood(major way).
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Homeostasis
2. kidneys will decrease theamount of Ca+ released in theurine.
3. Increased vitamin Dproduction in the skin whichwill increase absorption of Ca+
from food.
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Homeostasis
When levels of calcium have increased or are too high osteoclast activity is slowed by:
1. Less PTH being released
2. The thyroid secreting calcitonin which decreases osteoclast activity as well.
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Homeostasis
Bone growth:
Regulated by Human Growth Hormone (HGH) secreted by anterior pituitary gland at the base of the brain.
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HomeostasisBone growth:
Dwarfism – a condition in which a person is much smaller than an average human due to too little HGH production by pituitary gland as a child.
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Homeostasis Bone growth:
Gigantisms – a condition in which a person is much larger than an average human due to too much HGH production by pituitary gland as a child.
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HomeostasisBone growth:
Gigantism
As an adult overproduction of HGH will cause the epiphyseal line to thicken, thicken the bones. Seen in the eyebrows being very thick.
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Homeostasis Bone growth:
Estrogen and testosterone are two other hormones affecting bone growth:
a. They will stimulate bone growth resulting in a growth spurt at puberty.
b. Then they will stimulate the epiphyseal plate to ossify stopping bone growth after puberty.