Anatoly Fomenko - How It Was in Reality

2015.05.15. HOWITWASINREALITY

http://chronologia.org/en/how_it_was/index.html 1/4

A.T.Fomenko,G.V.NosovskiyHOWITWASINREALITY

AST,2012(RU)Translation:StuartAlexander,AnnaGray

CONTENTS

PREFACE.

1) THE UNIVERSALLY ACCEPTED VERSION OFWORLD HISTORYWAS CREATEDONLYINTHEXVIICENTURY.ITWASREFINEDUPUNTILTHEXIXCENTURY.THISVERSIONISINCORRECT.2)THEPSYCHOLOGICALNOTES.

INTRODUCTION.THEEPOCHBEFORETHEXICENTURY

CHAPTER1.EPOCHOFTHEXICENTURY.

1.THEFIRSTROMANKINGDOMOFTHEOLDROME.2.ASTRONOMICALDATINGOFTHENEWCHRONOLOGY

CHAPTER2.EPOCHOFTHEXIICENTURY.

1.THESECONDROMEORTHEROMAICTSARGRADEMPIRE.YOROS=JERUSALEM=TROY.2.BIRTHOFCHRISTIN1152ANDHISCRUCIFIXIONINTSARGRADIN1185.3.CAESAREANSECTION4.THEBIBLICALSTORYOFTHEMAGIREFLECTSTHEADORATIONOFRUS'HORDETOANDRONICUSCHRISTINTHEXIICENTURY.THEINTRODUCTIONOFCHRISTIANITYTORUSSIA.5.THECRUSADESASREVENGEFORCHRIST'SDEATH.6.SAVIOURNOTMADEBYHANDS,SUDARIUMANDTHETURINSHROUD.7.MARKTHEEVANGELIST8.TWOBRANCHESOFTHEORIGINALCHRISTIANITY.9.TWOWRITINGTRADITIONSOFCHRISTIANITYAPOSTOLICANDANCESTRALROYAL.10.WHENGOLDBECAMEMONEY11.CHRISTWASBORNINCRIMEA.INTHESAMEPLACEMARYMOTHEROFGODDIED12.THEHOLYGRAILISTHEGOLDENCRADLEOFCHRIST13. TO CONCLUDE: CAPE FIOLENT IS THE BIRTHPLACE OF CHRIST,MOUNTAIN BEYKOZ IS THE PLACE OF HIS CRUCIFIXION,CHUFUTKALEISTHEPLACEOFDEATHANDFIRSTBURIALOFMARYMOTHEROFGOD.14.KINGARTHUR15.HERACLES16.CHRISTIANCROSSANDCRESCENTMOONWITHASTAR17.THEOLYMPICGAMES.18.ONEHUNDREDANDFIVEREFLECTIONSOFANDRONICUSCHRIST = ANDREI BOGOLYUBSKIYWEHAVEDISCOVERED IN THESCALIGERIANHISTORY.19.FIFTYNINEREFLECTIONSOFVIRGINMARY=MARYTHEBIRTHGIVEROFGOD20.THIRTYNINEREFLECTIONSOFJOHNTHEBAPTIST21.SIXTYONEREFLECTIONOFJUDASISCARIOT.22.ASTRONOMICALDATINGOFTHENEWCHRONOLOGY

CHAPTER3.THEEPOCHOFTHEXIIICENTURY

1. THEMIGHTYTROJANWARASAREVENGEFORCHRIST.RUSSIAHORDELAUNCHESCRUSADESTOCZARGRAD,ANDWITHINASHORTTIMETHECENTREOFTHEEMPIREISTRANSFERREDTOVLADIMIRSUZDALRUSSIA.2.THECRUSADESADVANCEDONTOJERUSALEM=CZARGRADNOTFROMTHEWEST,ASWEAREBEINGTOLDTODAY,BUTFROMTHEEAST.3.HELENOFTROYANDMARYMOTHEROFGOD.4.THETROJANHORSE5.SCHLIEMANN'SFALSETROY6.EXODUSOFTROJANSFROMTROY=CZARGRAD7.THEESTABLISHMENTOFRUSSIAASTHECENTREOFANEWEMPIRE,SUCCESSOROFTHEPREVIOUSONE.8.UNIFICATIONOFSLAVICANDTURKPEOPLESUNDERTHEHORDERULE.9.RUSSIAHORDEBECOMESAPOWERFULEMPIRE.10.VIRGINMARY,MOTHEROFCHRIST='ANCIENT'ROMULUS,DESCRIBEDBYLIVYASLARENTIA,AWOMANBYTHENAMEOF'SHEWOLF'.11.THETREEOFJESSE(ESHAI,YISHAIORYISAY)INTHERUSSIANPREROMANOVSCHURCHES12.HEREWASNOFOREIGN'TATARMONGOLIAN'CONQUESTOFRUSSIA.13.WHENTHE'ANCIENT'ECLIPSESTOOKPLACEANDWHENTHEASTRONOMICALZODIACSHOROSCOPESWERECREATED.14.ASTRONOMICALDATINGOFTHENEWCHRONOLOGY.

CHAPTER4.THEEPOCHOFTHEXIVCENTURY

1.THECREATIONOFTHERUSSIANSTATE=RUSSIAHORDEUNDERTHEMILITARY,NAMELYTHEHORDIANRULE2. THE INVASION OF THE 'MONGOLS' INTO WESTERN AND SOUTHERN EUROPE, ASIA AND AFRICA. THE RISE OF THE HORDIANEMPIRE3.THEEMPERORSOFTHEGREATEMPIRE=THERUSSIANCZARSKHANSOFTHEXIVCENTURY4.THEEXPANTIONOFTHEEMPIRE.5.SCYTHIAWASCALLEDSCOTIA,I.E.SCOTLAND.6.AWONDERFULCONSISTENCYINTHELOCATIONSOFTHEOLDCAPITALS



7.THESTRUCTUREOFTHEHORDEEMPIRE8.FLORENCE,ROME,VATICAN.9.TIN,COPPER,BRONZE.10.WHYTHERECURRINGNAMESAPPEAREDONTHEMAPSOFTHEXIVXVICC11.THERIDDLEOFTHEETRUSCANS12.ANCIENTEGYPT13.THEPYRAMIDSANDTHEBURIALMOUNDS14.EGYPTTHELANDOFCROSSES15.THESARCOPHAGIANDTHERUSSIANDOLLS16.TUTANKHAMUNANDCZAREVICHDMITRY17.PHARAOHS'BOATSSTRUGI.18.CONCRETEANDTHEPHILOSOPHERSSTONE19.BAALBEK20.WHEREANDWHENROMANNUMERALSWEREINVENTED21.THEMONASTERIES22.THE'CLASSICAL'ABDUCTIONOFSABINEWOMEN23.THEHISTORIANS'PROBLEM:WHYISKHOLOPIIGORODSITUATEDNEARYAROSLAVLANDNOTNEARVOLKHOVSKIINOVGORODONTHESWAMPLAND?24.THETWOBAPTISMSOFRUSSIA25.ONTHEOLD ICONSONTHEHALOOFJESUSCHRISTTHERE ISWRITTENADATEDENOTINGYEAR1370THEEPOCHOFTHEADOPTIONOFTHEAPOSTLES'CHRISTIANITY26.'THEAPPEARANCEOFTHECROSS'WHICHBROUGHTVICTORYTOCONSTANTINETHEGREATANDDMITRYDONSKOY'SVICTORY'WITHTHEAIDOFTHECROSS'.CANNONSARE'THESCHEMASWITHCROSSES'INTHEARMYOFDMITRYDONSKOY27.WHYTHECHRONICLESMISTOOKACANNONFORACROSS28.THEOUTSTANDINGCZARKHANCONSTANTINEI=DMITRYIVANOVICH29.THETRANSFEROFTHECAPITAL30.'ANCIENT'PERSEUSANDDMITRYDONSKOY.MEDUSAGORGONISAFIREARM31.THEBATTLEOFKULIKOVOONTHEPAGESOFTHEOLDTESTAMENT32.WHATISNOAH'SARK?33.THETATARSTHETURKSTORIT'(TOCUTWAYINRUSSIAN)34.THECOSSACKSARYANS:FROMRUSSIATOINDIA.EPICMAHABHARATA35.THIRTYREFLECTIONSOFTHEBATTLEOFKULIKOVODISCOVEREDBYUSINTHE'ANCIENT'HISTORY36.TWENTYFIVEREFLECTIONSOFDMITRYDONSKOY37.ASTRONOMICALDATINGOFTHENEWCHRONOLOGY

CHAPTER5.THEEPOCHOFTHEXVCENTURY

1.THEGOLDENAGEOFTHEEMPIRE2.THERISEOFTHEOTTOMANEMPIRE.THEOTTOMANS,I.E.COSSACKATAMANS.3. THE UNION OF THE TWO STATES: RUSSIAHORDE AND THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE=ATAMANIA. THE BIBLICAL CONQUEST OF THEPROMISEDLANDISTHEHORDEATAMANCONQUESTOFTHEXVCENTURY4.WESTERNEUROPEUNDERTHERULEOFRUSSIAHORDEANDTHEOTTOMANEMPIRE=ATAMANIA.5.THEBEGINNINGOFTHERELIGIOUSSCHISM6.THEEMPERORSOFTHEGREATEMPIRE=THERUSSIANCZARSKHANSOFTHEXVCENTURY.7.THE'MONGOL'EMPIREANDTHEFAMOUSCHRISTIANKINGDOMOFPRESTERJOHN8.THEGREATTRANSMIGRATIONOFPEOPLES.INDIA9.THEBACCHANALIANCULTINTHEMEDIAEVALWESTERNEUROPE10.THEINQUISITIONINTHEPAGESOFTHEBIBLE11.THEASTONISHINGSURGICALINSTRUMENTSINPOMPEII12.THE'ANTIQUE'STATUESWITHTHERIPPLINGMUSCLESWERECREATEDNOTEARLIERTHANTHEXVICENTURY13.MOSESBEGINSTHEOTTOMANCONQUESTINTHEXVCENTURY.'PASSAGEOVERTHESEA'ISTHEPASSAGEOVERTHERIVERICE.14.THEOTTOMANCONQUESTANDAUSTEREANICONISM.15.IRONCHARIOTS,HORNETSANDTHEBRAZENSERPENTINTHEBIBLEARECANNONS16.THEMEDIAEVALGEOGRAPHYINTHEOLDTESTAMENT17.MOSESANDJOSHUABENNUN18.CONQUESTOFAMERICABYRUSSIAHORDEANDTHEOTTOMANEMPIREATAMANIAINTHEXVCENTURY.BIBLICALPATRIARCHNOAHISCHRISTOPHERCOLUMBUS.19.THEBOOKOFMORMONABOUTTHECONQUESTOFAMERICABYNOAHCOLUMBUS20.THE'ANCIENT'BOOKPOPOLVUH'ABOUTTHECOLONIZATIONOFAMERICAINTHEXVXVICENTURIES21.THECLOSETIESBETWEEN'ANCIENT'AMERICAAND'ANCIENT'EURASIAAREWELLKNOWN.BUTTHEYBEGANONLYINTHEXIVXVCC22.MYSTERIOUSCENTREWHICHTHEWAVESOFTHEGLOBALMIGRATIONSWERESPREADINGFROM23.THECOLOSSALDIVISIONOFTHEWORLDBETWEEN'CASTILE'AND'PORTUGAL'24.HOWANDWHENTHEHISTORYOFAMERICAWASFALSIFIED25.THEDESTRUCTIONOFTHEAMERICANINDIANS26.THEKORANANDTHEBIBLE.27.MEHMEDIITHECONQUERORANDTHEPROPHETMUHAMMAD.YAROSLAVLMETEOROF1421.28.THEARABCONQUEST.29.THEBLOODSTAINEDRIGHTHANDTHERELIGIOUSSYMBOLINISLAM.30.JANISSARY.31.YAROSLAVLMETEOROF1421INTHEBIBLE.32.DAMASKSTEEL.33.THESTONEDEBRISISPRESERVEDINTHEMUSLIMKAABAINMEMORYOFYAROSLAVLMETEOR.34.THEBIBLICALTABERNACLE.35.AYYUBSULTAN.36.TACITUSANDPOGGIOBRACCIOLINI.37.PLUTARCHANDPETRARCH.38.APOCALYPSEIS'THEBOOKOFTHEOTTOMANCONQUEST'.39.WHENDIDTHEGEOGRAPHICALNAMES'SOLIDIFY'.40.HERODOTUSTHECHRONICLEROFTHEHORDE.41.THECLOCKANDASTRONOMY.42.ASTRONOMICALDATINGOFTHENEWCHRONOLOGY.



CHAPTER6.THEEPOCHOFTHEXVICENTURY.

1.KAZAN=KHAZARREBELLIONINRUSSIAHORDE.2.THEREVOLTREFORMATIONINWESTERNEUROPE.3.RUSSIAHORDE'SPREPARATIONOFTHEPUNITIVECAMPAIGNTOSUPRESSTHEWESTERNREFORMATION.4.THESTORYOFESTHERANDTHEOPRICHNINAASTHEMASSACREOFTHERULINGMILITARYCLASSOFTHEGREATEMPIRE.5.THEDETAILSOFTHESTORYOFBIBLICALESTHER=HERETICELENAVOLOSHANKAANDDMITRYMORDECAI,HERSON.6. THE ORIGINAL ESTHER IN THE RUSSIAN HISTORY OF THE XVI CENTURY AND A NUMBER OF HER STRIKING DUPLICATES INEARLIEREPOCHS.7.JUDITH.8.THEEMPERORSOFTHEGREATEMPIRE=THERUSSIANCZARSKHANSOFTHEXVICENTURY.9.MOSCOWOFTHEXVICENTURYISDESCRIBEDINTHEBIBLEASJERUSALEMINTHETIMESOFNEHEMIAH.10.JERUSALEMINPALESTINE.11.THENEWJERUSALEMOUTSIDEOFMOSCOW.12.BABYLONIANEXILE.13.THEBIBLICALTEMPLEOFSOLOMONANDHAGIASOPHIAINISTANBUL.14.THEAMAZONS.15.THECONQUESTOFCENTRALAMERICABYATAMAN(COSSACKLEADER)YERMAK=CONQUISTADORCORTES.16.YERMAK'SVOYAGEANDCORTES'CAMPAIGNCORRESPONDENCESCHEME.17.THECHRONICLEROFTHEVOYAGEOFYERMAKCORTES.18.WHYTHEAMAZONRIVERWASNAMEDTHEAMAZON.THEELEPHANTSINAMERICA.19.THECONCLUSIONS.COSSACKCONQUISTADORYERMAKCORTES.20.'THESTORYOFESTHER'ASONEOFTHESYMBOLSOFTHEREFORMATION.21.ANCIENTHISTORYISBEINGREWRITTEN.22.THEBIBLE.23.THESTOPPEDSUN.24.WHENTHESYMBOLSOFTHECONSTELLATIONOFSTARSANDTHEIRNAMESWEREINVENTED.25.WHENANDHOWTHEARABICNUMERALSWEREINVENTED.26.TRACESOFREPOSITIONINGSIXINTOFIVEINTHEOLDDOCUMENTS.27.THEAMENDMENTOFTHEOLDDATESINTHEXVIICENTURY.28.SCANDINAVIANGEOGRAPHICALTREATISESANDMAPSOFOLDRUSSIA.29. CATHERINE DE'MEDICI IS A REFLECTION OF THE RUSSIAN CZARINA SOPHIA PALAIOLOGINA AND MARY STUART IS AREFLECTIONOFELENAVOLOSHANKA,I.E.ESTHER.30.THELEGENDARYJOANOFARCISDESCRIBEDINTHEBIBLEUNDERTHENAMEOFTHEPROPHETESSANDWARRIORDEBORAH.31.THEEPOCHOFTHEJUDGESOFISRAELDESCRIBEDINTHEBIBLEISTHEEPOCHOFTHEINQUISITIONOFTHEXVXVICC.32. THE BIBLICAL ABDUCTION OF THEWOMEN OF SHILOH IS THE 'ANCIENT' ROMAN RAPE OF THE SABINEWOMEN. AKA THECATALANABDUCTIONANDDIVISIONOFTHEWIVESALLEGEDLYINTHEXVICENTURY.33.HAREMTEREM)34.THEBIBLICALSTORYOFSAMSON ISTHEBATTLEOFZEMSHCHINAAGAINSTTHEOPRICHNINA INRUSSIAUNDER IVAN IVTHETERRIBLE.35.SEVENDECEASEDWIVESOFBLUEBEARD.THEENGLISHKINGHENRYTHEVIIIANDHISSIXWIVESARETHEREFLECTIONSOFIVANTHETERRIBLEANDHISSEVENWIVES.36.WHEREANDWHEREICARUSASCENDEDINTOTHESKY.THERELIGIOUSMYSTERYPLAYS.37.THEROMANEMPERORCLAUDIUS,AKA IVANTHETERRIBLEWASAWRITER. ITTURNSOUTTHATTHEFIRSTVERSIONOFTHEFAMOUS'LITSEVOISVOD'(THEILLUSTRATEDCHRONICLECOMPILATION)WASCOMPILEDUNDERHIM.38.THELIGHTHOUSEOFALEXANDRIA(PHAROSOFALEXANDRIA).39.TACITUSANDSUETONIUSDESCRIBETHETIMESOFTROUBLESINRUSSIA.THEEMPERORVITELLIUSISTHEFALSEDMITRYI.40.MOSCOWOFTHELATEXVIEARLYXVIICC.ISDESCRIBEDBYFLAVIUSJOSEPHUSASJERUSALEM.41.DOMITIAN.42.THESTORYOFIVANSUSANININTHEBIOGRAPHYOF'ANCIENT'DOMITIAN,I.E.OFMIKHAILROMANOV.43.WHYDOMITIANWASBURIEDASA'GLADIATOR'.WHERETHEGLADIATORGAMESORIGINATEDFROM.44.WHATWELEARNTABOUTTHEXVIXVIICC.FROMTHE'ANCIENT'SOURCES.45)THE'MOSTANCIENT'IRANIANEPICPOEMSHAHNAMEHISTHECHRONICLEOFTHEGREATEMPIREOFXIIXVIICC.46)FORTYNINEREFLECTIONSOFIVANTHETERRIBLEWHICHWEDISCOVEREDINTHESCALIGERIANHISTORY.47)FOURTEENREFLECTIONSOFTHELAWFULWIFEOFIVANTHETERRIBLE.48)THIRTYEIGHTREFLECTIONSOFELENAVOLOSHANKA=BIBLICALESTHER.49)ELEVENREFLECTIONSOFANDREYKURBSKY.50)THEASTRONOMICALDATINGOFTHENEWCHRONOLOGY.

CHAPTER7.THEEPOCHOFTHEXVIICENTURY.

1)THEFAILEDATTEMPTOFTHERESTORATIONANDTHENEWHEIGHTOFTHEUNREST.THEROMANOVSRISETOPOWER.2)THETURNINGOFTHEROMANOVS'RUSSIAANDTURKEYAGAINSTEACHOTHERASTHETWOHALVESOFTHEFORMEREMPIRE.3)DIPLOMATICSUCCESSOFTHEREFORMATION.4)BYDISTORTINGHISTORYTHEWESTERNCHRONOLOGISTSMOVETHEUNPLEASANTEVENTSINTOTHEPAST.5)THELASTEMPERORSOFTHEGREATEMPIRE=THERUSSIANCZARSKHANSOFTHEEARLYXVIICENTURY.6)THECROSSANDTHECRESCENTMOONWITHASTAR.7)THEDOUBLEHEADEDEAGLEANDTHECRESCENTMOONWITHASTARCROSS.8)THEARABICINSCRIPTIONSONRUSSIANWEAPONRY.9)EVENINTHEXVIICENTURYTHERUSSIANTEXTSWERESOMETIMESWRITTENWITHARABICLETTERS.10)THERUSSIANBILINGUALCOINS.11)THEHORDEEMPIREBROKEUP.12)THEANNIHILATIONOFTHECATHARSSCYTHIANS.13)THEREBELSSTRIVETOPREVENTTHERESURRECTIONOFTHEGREATEMPIRE.14)HOWTHEROMANOVSDESTROYEDTHEHISTORYOFTHEHORDE.15)WHYTHENAMEOF'NOVGOROD'TAKENAWAYFROMYAROSLAVLWASMOVEDTOTHENORTHWEST,TOLAKEILMEN?16)THECOATOFARMSOFTHERUSSIANHORDEEMPIREOFTHEXVICENTURY.17)TWELVECZARDOMTRIBESINTHERUSSIANCOATOFARMSOFTHEXVICENTURYONTHEMAPOFEUROPE.18)ONTHEHISTORYOFENGLAND.19)HOWTHELATERWESTERNEUROPEANSBEGANTODEPICTTHEHORDIANS.20)WHENTHEWORKSATTRIBUTEDTODURERWERECREATED.21)THEALMAGESTBYCLAUDIUSPTOLEMY.22)THEFLOURISHING,STAGNATIONANDREFLOURISHINGINTHEHISTORYOFASTRONOMY.23)GEOCENTRISM,ORTHEPTOLEMAICSYSTEMANDTHEHELIOCENTRICSYSTEMBYTYCHOBRAHE(ANDCOPERNICUS).



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24)INTHEXIVXVICC.EUROPERESPECTFULLY'LOOKEDUPTO'THEDISTANTANDMIGHTYCZARKHANOFTHEHORDE.25)WHATARETHE'SEVENWONDERSOFTHEANCIENTWORLD'ANDWHERETHEYWERELOCATED.26)ABOVEGROUNDANDUNDERGROUNDMOSCOWINTHETIMEOFTHEROMANOVS.27)UNDERGROUNDMOSCOWOFTHEXVICENTURYISTHEFAMOUSEGYPTIANLABYRINTHDESCRIBEDBY 'ANCIENT'HERODOTUSANDSTRABO.28)WHATIS'THECONSTRUCTIONOFTHETOWEROFBABEL'DESCRIBEDINTHEBIBLE?29)THEBOOKOFDANIELTELLSUSTHE'STORYOFESTHER'INRUSSIAHORDEOFTHEXVICENTURY.30)GOTHICCATHEDRALSANDHORDIANTEMPLESANDMOSQUES.31)ONCEMOREABOUTHERODOTUS.32)WHENTHEGREATITALIANARTISTSOFTHERENAISSANCELIVED.33)WHATSHAKESPEAREREALLYWROTEABOUT.34)CALENDARASTRONOMICALDATINGOFTHEFIRSTCOUNCILOFNICAEAANDCHRIST'SNATIVITY.35)ASTRONOMICALDATINGOFTHENEWCHRONOLOGY.

CHAPTER8.THEEPOCHOFTHEXVIIICENTURY.

1) THE DIVISION OF THE REMAINS OF RUSSIAHORDE BETWEEN THE ROMANOVS AND THE USA, WHICH OCCURRED IN THEWRECKAGEOFTHEAMERICANTERRITORIESOFTHEEMPIREIMMEDIATELYAFTERTHEROMANOVS'VICTORYOVER'PUGACHEV'.2)THECITIESOFTHEURALSOFTHE,ALLEGEDLY,BRONZEERAARETHETRACESOFMOSCOWTARTARY, I.E.OFTHESIBERIANANDAMERICANSTATEOFTHEXVXVIIICC.3)ITAPPEARSTHAT'PUGACHEV'WASDEFEATEDBYSUVOROV.LATERONTHISFACTWASCONCEALED.4)THEROMANOVSENDEAVOUREDTOBRINGMOSCOWDOWN.5)ABOUTTHE'MOSTANCIENT'CHINESEHISTORY.6)WHENANDWHYTHEGREATWALLOFCHINAWASBUILT.7)PIEBALDHORDE.8)ABOUTTHEHISTORICALSOURCESOFTHEPRESENTDAYMONGOLS.9)JAPAN.10)THEMAPOFTHEGLOBALHORDEEMPIRE.11)DIVISIONOFTHERELIGIOUSHERITAGEOFTHEEMPIRE.12)REWRITINGAND'FRAGMENTATION'OFTHEANCIENTHISTORY.13)WHYINTHEXVIIXVIIICENTURIESTHEYADMIREDCLASSICALANTIQUITY.14)THEPUBLICRIDICULEOFSOMESELECTEDBOOKSOFTHEHORDIANBIBLEORGANISEDBYTHEWESTERNREFORMERSWITHTHEROMANOVS.15)THERADZIVILLCHRONICLEWASTENDENTIOUSLYEDITED.16)ANOVERVIEWOFTHEHISTORYOFBULGARIA.17)WHERETHEOTTOMANSCAMEFROM.18)ABOUTTHEGYPSIES.19)THEIDEAOFTHEGREATEMPIREPROVEDTOBERESILIENT.20) THE DOUBLEHEADED EAGLE THE SYMBOL OF THE 'MONGOL' EMPIRE. WHY LATER IT TURNED INTO THE SINGLEHEADEDEAGLEONTHEWESTERNEUROPE'SEMBLEMS.21)INTHEEPOCHOFTHEREFORMATIONANIMAGEOFTHE'SHIPOFFOOLS'WASCREATED,WHICHALLOFEUROPEWASINDUCEDTOLAUGHAT.THEREFORMERSRIDICULEDTHEHORDEEMPIRE.22)HOWTHE'CORRECTART'WASCREATED.23)THEMETHODOFWORDMATCHBETWEENTHELANGUAGES:WEDISCOVERWORDSFROMDIFFERENTLANGUAGESSIMILAR INSOUNDANDATTHESAMETIMESIMILARINMEANING.24)THESLAVONICLANGUAGEANDLATIN.25)THESAMEWORDCOULDBEREADINDIFFERENTWAYS.26)PAGANISM.27)THEASTRONOMICALDATINGOFTHENEWCHRONOLOGY.

CHAPTER9.THEEPOCHOFTHEXIXCENTURY.

1)CRITIQUEOFSCALIGER'SCHRONOLOGY.2) EVEN IN THE XVIII CENTURY THE ROMANOVS' RULE IN RUSSIA REMAINS IN MANY WAYS THE OCCUPATION OF RUSSIA BYFOREIGNERS.ALISTOFTHEACTIVEMEMBERSOFTHERUSSIANACADEMYOFSCIENCESINTHEXVIIIXIXCC.3)THEFINANCIALSTRUCTURE,THECASTSOFTHEGREATEMPIRE,THEMEDIAEVALJUDAISM.4)HOWTHEEMPIREWASRULED.5)THEFALSIFICATIONOFHISTORYINTHEXVIIXVIIICC.6)THECZARGRADKINGDOMOFTHEXIXIICC.ANDTHEHORDEEMPIREOFTHEXIIIXVICC.ARETHEARCHETYPESOFALLTHEMAIN'ANCIENTKINGDOMS'INTHESCALIGERIANHISTORY.7)'RUSSIATHEHOMELANDOFELEPHANTS'.8)THEGUNPOWDERANDTHECANONS.9)THEASTRONOMICALDATINGOFTHENEWCHRONOLOGY.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ABOUTTHEAUTHORS

2015.05.15. HOWITWASINREALITY.THEUNIVERSALLYACCEPTEDVERSIONOFWORLDHISTORYWASCREATEDONLYINTHEXVIICENT

http://chronologia.org/en/how_it_was/preface.html 1/3


PREFACE

1.THEUNIVERSALLYACCEPTEDVERSIONOFWORLDHISTORYWASCREATEDONLYINTHEXVIICENTURY.ITWASREFINEDUPUNTILTHEXIXCENTURY.THISVERSIONISINCORRECT.

ThepresentbookoccupiesauniqueplaceamongourpublicationsontheNewChronology.Itwaswrittenbypopulardemandofourreaders.Manypeopletellus:"Youcriticizedthecurrentlyacceptedversionofchronologyandtheversionofthehistorybasedonit.Yousuggestedyourdatingmethodsandpointedoutmanyduplicates(repetitions),considerably'shortening'thewrittenhistoryofmankind.Supposeyouareright.Butthenan importantquestionarises:Whathappened in reality?Couldyouwritea 'conciseguide'onyournewchronologyand thenewversionofhistory"?

Wefragmentarilyoutlinedourreconstructionseveraltimes.Now,whenavastamountofmaterialhasaccumulated,therearrivedamomenttoputtogetherthemainfindingsandtoreconstructtheactualpast.In[1v]and[2v]weshowedthatthearchaeologicalandphysicalmethodsofdatingwhichexisttoday,includingthefamousradiocarbonmethod,areunfortunatelypoorlysuitedforthedatingofartefacts12thousandyearsold.Thesemethodsproduceerrorscomparabletotheageofthesamples.

Wewill relyonthenewchronologywhichweestablishedbasedonthemathematical,empiricalandstatisticalresultspresented in thefirstthreebooksofthe'Chronology'insevenvolumesandalsoin[6v3],ch.2.Themainchronologicalshiftsbyapproximately333years,1050yearsand1800yearsdiscoveredbyA.T.Fomenko in 'ancient'andmediaevalhistoryare indicated in theGlobalChronologicalMap ()createdbyA.T.Fomenkoin19751979.ThemainresearchontheNewChronologywascarriedoutbyA.T.Fomenko,G.V.Nosovskiy,V.V.KalashnikovandT.N.Fomenko.

Wedonotsubstantiateourpointofviewinthisbook.Thiswouldinfactleadtoanactualrepetitionofeverythingsaidbefore.Thatiswhywearepresentingjustasummaryofthereconstruction.Toseetheevidencepleaserefertoourpreviousmainbooks,ofwhichthereare24.Theseare thebooksof the 'firstwave', i.e.sevenvolume 'Chronology' followedby the17booksof the 'secondwave'whicharesometimescalled the'GoldenSeries' (due to itsgoldencover), i.e.B1,,B17,see theBibliography.The importantmaterialsarealsositedonourofficialwebsitewww.chonologia.org.Manythingssaidinthisbookarestillahypothesis.

Hereweusuallyleaveoutthereferencestotheprimarysources.Youcanfindtheminourpreviousbooks.Wedonotclaimtobeextremelyprecise in thesuggesteddating.Agreatdealofworkwill be required to refine thenewchronologyandsomehypothesis.That iswhywestillreconstructhistoryjust'bythecenturies',i.e.statingthecenturyofagivenevent,butwithoutspecifyingthedatewithinthecentury.

WeshowedthatatpresentthereisnoproofoftheScaligerianchronologywhichiswidelyacceptedtoday.Suchproofaswestatewithfullauthoritywasneverthereandisstillabsent.Thereforethehistoryofantiquityshouldberewritten.Wearecompelledtotakethisdifficulttaskuponourselves.

TheNewChronologystartedfromthecreationofthenewmathematical,statisticalandastronomicalmethodsofdatingtheeventsdescribedin the old sources. Based on thesemethods we reconstructed the correct chronology of antiquity. This is ourmain result. Here it would beappropriatetorecallthenameofoneofthebooksbyA.T.Fomenko'THETRUTHCANBECOMPUTED'.

Then,basedonthenewChronology,wegenerallyoutlinedthereconstructionofhistoryuptotheXVIIIcenturyinclusively.Itwasfollowedbythenextstage.Theystartedaskingus:sowhat INREALITYdid the famous 'classical'authorsHerodotus,Thucydides,TitusLivius,Homerand theothers tellusabout?Whenanswering thequestionweanalysedpracticallyallmajor 'classical'andmediaevalsourceswhich form thefoundationoftheScaligerianhistoryoftheantiquity,thebuildingofwhich,aswefoundout,wasratherlateintheXVIIXVIIIcc.

Inparticularwethoroughlyresearchedthefollowingtexts:theBible(boththeOldandtheNewTestaments),Talmud,Torah,theNewandtheOldTestaments'Apocrypha',Koran,theBookofMormon,PopolVuh(theSacredBookoftheAmericanK'icheMayanpeople,Herodotus,TitusLivius, Claudius Ptolemy, Homer, Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Plutarch, Thucydides,Xenophon,Plato,Aristophanes,Ovid,Polybius,Pausanias,Virgil,Seneca,Strabo,DiodorusSiculus,AmmianusMarcellinus,JosephusFlavius,TheAggadah(Aramaictales),AppianofAlexandria,Apollodorus,Eutropius,SextusAureliusVictor,AeliusSpartianus,IuliusCapitolinus,AeliusLampridius,PaulusOrosius,JohnMalalas,MarcoPolo,GiovannidaPiandelCarpine, theEpicof 'ancient' India 'Mahabharata', theEpicof the'ancient'Persia 'Shahnameh' (Ferdowsi), the 'ancient'Germanicheroicverse, the 'ancient'OldNorseEdda 'ElderEdda',GeoffreyofMonmouth,Nennius,TheAngloSaxonChronicle,RaphaelHolinshed,SaxoGrammaticus,TheLegendofKingArthur,TheLegendsofAlexandertheGreat,TheLegendofTroy, theoldFrenchLegends,some importantMuslimsources,going furtherNiketasChoniates,AnnaKomnene,ProcopiusofCaesarea(andsomeotherByzantineauthors),GeoffreyofVillehardouin,RobertdeClari,'ThePrimaryChronicle'(or'TaleofBygoneYears')andthe other major Russian chronicles (including the Siberian chronicles), the Russian epic multivolume 'The Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan theTerrible'(LitsevoySvod)(notlongagofinallypublishedbytheMoscowpublishinghouseAkteon),MavroOrbini,Philostratus(LifeofApolloniusofTyana),IamblichusChalcidensis,DiogenesLaertius,PorphyryofTyre,BartolomdelasCasas,BernalDazdelCastillo,theworksbysomeoftheChurchFathers,theoldchronologicalworksandtables(JosephJusteScaliger,DionysiusPetavius,MatthewBlastaresandmanyother)Weshallstopthislistingandreferourreaderstoourbooks.

Wehavestudiedthousandsof images: icons,paintings,drawings,etchings,frescos,mosaics,stainedglassartworks, tapestries,goblins,sculptures,basreliefs,gems,Cameos,coins,theimagesontheceramics,enamelwork,etc.Amongotherthingstherewerediscoveredseveraldozensof theoldzodiacswithsometranscriptionsofdates.Someof themwereearlierunknown.Wealreadydatedover40zodiacsusingtheastronomicmethod and the effective computer generated algorithmof data analysiswhichwe developed. It turned out that all these 'ancient'zodiacaldates fall into theepochof theXIXIXcc.andnotatall into the 'distantpast'.Weactivelycontinue this importantworkwhichgreatlycontributestothe'backbone'oftheNewChronology.

Hereisanotherbenefitofthenewreadingoftheoldtexts.Forinstance,aninterestingquestion:whatweretheoldtraditionsinRussiaearlierbeforetheXVIIcentury?It isnotsoeasytofindananswer.Aswealreadyunderstand, that thechroniclesof theRussianhistory inexistencetodaywere tendentiouslyeditedandaredistorting the truepicturebefore theXVIIcentury.Sowhereshouldwederive the required informationfrom?Apparentlyweshouldturntothe'ancient'sources:TitusLevy,Herodotus,Tacitusandtheothers.Theytellusalotabout'AncientRome',i.e.,asweshowed,aboutRussiaHordeof theXIIIXVIIcc.So this iswhereweshouldextract theold testimoniesabout theHordians,who inthese sources are called the 'Ancient Romans' or the 'Ancient Scythians' or the 'Ancient Egyptians'. Roughly speaking, the 'ancient Roman'traditions are indeed the ancientRussian traditions of the epoch of the XIVXVI cc. Incidentally the very notion of 'nations' and 'nationalities'developedlater,notearlierthantheXVIXVIIcc.

Butlet'sgetbacktoourlistoftheoldauthors.Itturnsoutthatpracticallyallofthesesurvivingtextsandchronicles(manyofthemarelinkedtoeachother)infacttellusabouttheeventsoftheXIXVIIcc.Itwascastbackintothedistant(sometimesenormouslydistant)phantompastbytheincorrectScaligerianchronology.Miscalculatingitnotjustbythetensandhundreds,butevenbythousandsofyears!

Atthesametimeitturnedoutthattherewerenotthatmanyprimarysources'onantiquity'.Theyoccupyjustafewselvesinthebookcase.Andsoweshouldn'tthinkthatinordertoreconstructthepasta'greatdeal'ofsourcesarerequired.Apparentlyaboutseveneightdozenisquite



sufficient.Besides the reputed chroniclers the accounts of the antiquity were given to us by the distinguished poets, dramatists and writers. For

instance,HomerandVirgil,whoseworksprovedtobeextremelyvaluableforthereconstructionofthetruehistory.OrthefamousShakespeare.The new chronology throws a bright and unexpected light on theirwritings. At lastwe can understandwhat in fact these great authorswroteabout.

BeforeproceedingwiththereconstructionwhichgreatlydiffersfromtheversionofScaligerPetaviusfamiliartoday[1v],[2v]weshouldgiveasummaryofhowtheScaligerianhistorycameabout.Thiswasfinallyclarifiedonlyoverthecourseofourresearch.

Thehistoricalprimarysourcesaccessibletodaywhicharepublishedandavailable in thepublicarchivesarethecomprisingelementof theScaligerianversionandwerecreatedalongwithit.Notablybywayofdistortionandpurposefuleditingofthetrulyolddocuments.Theoldtextsthemselves which gave the correct accounts of the history weremercilessly destroyed. All of this took place in the XVIIXVIII cc. over thecourseoftheinternationalEuropeanprogramofrewritingtheancientandmediaevalhistory.Whatandwhowasitnecessaryfor,see[6v2],ch.1.TheprogramhadthestatesupportbothinEuropeandinRomanovRussia.ThenintheXVIIIXIXcc.TheScaligerianversionwasintegratedinAsiaandChina.BasedonittheAsianandtheChinese'ancient'chronologieswereconstructed.

PRACTICALLYALLTHEEVENTSDESCRIBEDINTHEOLDEVENEDITEDDOCUMENTS,TOOKPLACE.ANOTHERQUESTIONISWHEREANDWHEN?Thisiswherethechronologicalandgeographicalconfusionoccurred.Alsothedeliberatedistortionledtothe'lengtheningofthehistory'.Therewereofcoursesomenaturalchronologicalmistakes.Butthemainrolewaspaidbythetendentiousediting.

In theepochof theXVIIXVIIIcc. tosupport the imbeddedScaligerianversionnearlyall theeditionsof theworksby the 'classical'GreekandRomanauthors,theMediaevalchroniclesandmemoirespublishedtoday,wereconsciouslycreated.

The sources,which accidentally avoided censorship,weremeticulously searched for over the two hundred years and either destroyed oreliminatedfromcirculation.Thisalsocontinued in theXIXcentury.Theperfectexample is thepurposefuldestructionof theSulakedzev library[4v2],v.2:9.IntheXIXcentury,all themoresotoday,sucholdsurvivingauthentictextswereperceivedassomethingludicrous,notworthyofseriousstudy.Thehistoriansimmediatelybegintoargueaboutforgeryortheignoranceofthechronicler.

It is important to understand that todaywhen publishing the primary sources they undergo whether consciously or subconsciously arigorouscensorshipofthemcorrespondingtotheScaligerianversion.Onlytheprimarysourceswhichfitthefamiliarpictureareconsideredtobe'worthyofattention'.AsaresultonlythetextswhichunderwentthetargetededitingoftheXVIIXVIIIcc.areintroducedintocirculation.

WEDISCOVEREDTHATTHERE ISADISTINCTLYDEFINEDBOUNDARY INHISTORYTHEFIRSTHALFOFTHEXVIICENTURY.Weknowmoreor lesswhathappenedafter thispoint, i.e.closer toour time. Inanycase,beginningwith theendof theXVIIIcentury.ButwehaveaverypoorknowledgeofwhattookplacepriortothemiddleoftheXVIIcentury.Thisborder lineappearedartificially. It isnotaresultofthenaturalforgettingtheinformation.Itseparatestheaccuratechronologyfromtheincorrectone.

Today it isacceptedasanaxiomthat theScaligerianversionandthe truehistory is thesamething.But it isnot true.Thehistorianswhothinkthattheystudythe'ancient'andthemediaevalhistoryinarefactanalysingnotthereality,butanartificialworld,somefairytalephantommirage,createdby thehistoriansandeditorsof theXVIIXVIIIcc.Today thehistoriansuse thedistortedandedited texts from theXVIIXVIIImistakenly considering themas the 'authentic ancient primary sources'. Thehistorians are immersed in a fantasyworld, spending their entireprofessionallifeinit.Theyhavenoideathatthis'virtualreality'wasconcoctedbytheirrecentpredecessors.

Themadeupworldturnedouttobecomplex,intricateandatfirstglancegivestheimpressionofsomethingverysolidandconsistent.Butitisnotso.Unbiasedoutsideperspective,basedontheobjectivemethodsofdating,ratherquicklydetectsallthetelltalesignsofthesandcastleinthefairytaleconstruction.Furtheranalysisresultsinthisbuildingcollapsing.

SowhytodaydothehistoriansworkintheendonlywiththosetextsandtheirderivativeswhichwereeditedintheXVIIXVIIIcc.?Thisisthepressure from a certain school and long standing beliefs. At some point they were imbedded by force, and now they have grown into the'acceptedfacts'.

Of course, it was not possible to destroy all the preScaligerian documents. Some of themmust exist even today. But imagine that theexpert on the 'Scaligerian mirage' came across an authentic document describing for instance the epoch of the XVXVI cc. The differencebetweenthe truehistoryof thatepochand itsScaligeriandepiction issogreat, that itwouldbedifficulteven tocrossreference thisdocumentwiththefamiliarpicture.Oreventounderstandwhatitisabout.Nottomentionthatitwouldmostlikelybewrittenwith'obscurehieroglyphs'.Asthe 'ancient calligraphy' familiar tous today is in fact thehandwritingof the falsifiers editorsof theXVIIXVIII cc.Taken that, asa rule thisscholarwouldhavenevercomeacrosstherealhandwritingandscriptsoftheXVXVIcc.,nottomentiontheearlierepochs.

Thatiswhyarandomoldauthentictexttheymightcomeacrossfortuitouslywouldbemostlikelydeclared'unreadable'.Whichincidentally,thenhappens.Iftheysucceedinreadingittheydeclareit'astrangefruitofthemediaevalignorance'.

Thebookswhicharemarkedaspublished in theXVXVI cc. often turnout tobe theXVIIXVIII cc. forgerieswith theyearof publicationbeingbackdated.Allegedly'earlier'.ThemasspublicationofsuchbooksintheXVIIXVIIIcc.comprisesanimportantpartofthe'substantiation'oftheScaligerianversion.TheauthenticbooksoftheXVXVIcc.werecondemnedanddestroyed.

Many genuine official documents of Western Europe of the XVI century issued by the Imperial Hordian chancery were written, as weunderstanditnow,inSlavic.ManybookspublishedthenintheWesternEuropewerealsoSlavonic[6v1],ch.2.Incidentally,thefactofthewidepublicationoftheSlavonicbooksintheXVIcenturyEuropeisknowntotheexperts.InthatepochSlavonicwastheinternationallanguage.Later'ancient'Latinwascreatedonitsfoundation[7v2].

The transition from theSlavonic language to Latin as the international language inEurope tookplaceonly after the collapseof theGreatEmpire at the end of theXVIXVII cc.Most likely Latin in its developed 'ancient' state emerged only in theXVIXVII cc. That iswhy all the'ancient'Latintexts,inthebestcasescenario,arethetranslationsintotheLatindesignatedasthe'ancient'language,carriedoutintheepochoftheXVIXVIIIcc.TheScaligerianversionwasimmediatelyintroducedintosuchtranslations.

Thesamecanbesaidaboutthe'ancient'Greeklanguage.Itwasalsocreatedtogetherwithall the'ancient'Greekliteratureintheepochofthe XVIXVIII cc. The 'ancient Greek primary sources' were immediately written, translated and edited in this language. The genuine ancientlanguage isprobably theMiddleGreek, theByzantineGreek. It'snotacoincidence that itdiffers from theModernGreek language,unlike the'Ancient'GreekwhichisclosetotheModernGreek.Allthe'classicalGreek'literatureisalsoheavilyeditedXVIXVIIIcc.translationsoftheoldtextsintotherecentlyinvented'classical'language.

TheinventionoftheScaligerianversionofhistorywasaconsequenceofthemajorpoliticalreconstructionoftheworldinthelateXVIearlyXVII cc. Following the collapse of the 'Mongol' Empire the new autonomous small states emerged from its fragments. The former imperialgovernorsbecametheindependentsovereigns.Atfirsttheyfearedthereturnoftheold'Mongol'order.Thatiswhytheystrivedtocreatethe'longstandingancient roots'of theirauthority in thehistoricalpast.Themainpurposeof thenewhistoricalversionbyScaligerandPetaviuswas todistortthehistoryoftheXIVXVIcc.intherequireddirection.Itwasfalsifiedintentionally.

OnlynowwebegintounderstandthescaleoftheGlobalprogramoftheXVIIcenturyofcreatingthefictitioushistoryofthepast.Weshouldnot be surprised at the coordination of action on falsifying history between different countries. Until the end of theXVI century nearly all theEuropeanandAsiancountrieswereapartof theoneunitedEmpire.That iswhyall thegovernorswere fromonecircleof imperialofficials.Atfirst,afterthecollapseoftheEmpirethetiesbetweenitsformerprovinceswerestillstrong.

Just thebeginningof the 'historical reform' fallsat theendof theXVIcentury.Themain falsification, including thecreationof the 'ancientsources' was carried out in the XVIIXVIII cc, when the Empire had already collapsed. I.e. after the Time of Troubles in Russia and the



Home HomeinEnglish ContentsHOWITWASINREALITY

Romanovs'victoryoverStepanRazin.TherewasalsoalotdoneinthisdirectionintheendoftheXVIIIcentury,particularlyaftertheRomanovs'victoryoverYemelyan 'Pugachev' in thewarof the17731775.ONLYBEGINNINGWITHTHEXIXCENTURYTHESCALIGERIANVERSIONOFHISTORYACQUIREDITSPRESENTDAYFORM.

Toclarify, todayweuseanestablished 'newera' chronology.However,weshould treat itonlyasapurelynotional timeline.Oneofmanypossible.Asitbecomesclear, inthe'beginningofthenewera', i.e.circa2010yearsago,nosignificantevent,theaccountsofwhichsurvived,evertookplace.Moreover,nodatawhatsoeversurvivesfromthatdistantepoch.MorespecificallyitisincorrecttocallthiseraastheChristianera, as we do today. As according to our results the Nativity of Christ took place nearly a thousand years later. Namely in the XII centuryaccordingtotheconditional'newera'.

Usually, when formulating our hypothesis, we always use the words 'possibly', 'likely', etc. But as this book is entirely dedicated to ourreconstructionwewill not all the time repeat thesewordswhile constantly implying them.Wedonot insist on someof our observations.Wewould like you to remember this. As our reconstruction is unfamiliar tomany readers,we sometimes repeat some of our conclusions for thebetterabsorption.

INVARIOUSANCIENTTEXTSTHEWORDSWEREWRITTENDOWNUSINGONLYCONSONANTS,WITHOUTVOWELS.PleaseseethedetailsinthebookbyA.T.Fomenko[1v],ch.1:8.Thevowelsappearedlaterandpinpointedonlyoneofmanypossiblevariantsofthereadingof thewords.Firstofall itconcerns thepropernounsand led to thesignificantambiguity in thereadingof theoldnames,geographicalnamesetc.Intheoldtexttherewasalsonobreakdownintoseparatewords.BesidestherecouldbeconfusionbetweenthesoundsLandR,FandT,BandV,etc.TheOldSlavonichadmultipleomissionsofvowelsandbesides,itdidn'thavetheseparationintowords.The'Ancient'Egyptiantextswerealsowrittenwith theconsonantsonly. 'Thenamesof the(EgyptianAuthor)kingsaregiven(in themodern literatureAuthor) in theirconditional, ENTIRELY FREEFORM, so called CLASSROOM delivery customarily accepted in the textbooks These forms oftensignificantlydifferfromeachotheranditisnotpossibletoregulatetheminanyway,astheyarealltheresultoftheARBITRARYREADING(!Author),whichbecametraditional' [72],p.176.Also 'theHebrewwritten languageoriginallyhadneithervowels,noranyothersymbolsreplacingthemTheBooksoftheOldTestamentwerewrittenusingonlyconsonants'[765],p.155.

We were able to discover the 'parallels' between the events within the different periods of the 'ancient' history only thanks to the newchronology.Without it, itwouldhavebeen impossible tounderstandwhoshouldbecomparedtowhomandwhatshouldbecomparedtowhat?The bulk of thematerial is so vast, that it is practically impossible to fumble for the right parallels in it at random. But now, whenwe havereconstructed the chronological 'framework of history', a wonderful opportunity opens up to enrich this formal result with the 'content of theevents'.This is theexactway to treat the 'biographical'matcheswhichwepresent.Theyarenot thestrictproofon theirownperse.But theylogicallyarise fromthenewchronologyestablishedvia themathematicalmethods.Firstwecalculate thedatesandonly then,basedon them,read theolddocumentsanewandbegin tosee the trueessence.The fact is that thedatesof theeventsstronglydefine the interpretationofhistoryandallowusnowtochoosethecorrectinterpretationofthesourcesfrommanypossibleones.

2.THEPSYCHOLOGICALNOTES.

Todaytheword'antiquity' isusuallyassociatedwiththeeventsearlierthantheVcenturyA.D.,for instance. 'Deepantiquity' isearlierthan,let'ssay, theXcenturyB.C. 'Deepestantiquity' isas farbackas the IImillenniumB.C.Thecustom,widelyaccepted today, for thisparticulartime scale is one of the serious psychological obstructions in theway of the perception of the new short chronology. But this psychologicalinterpretationof theword 'antiquity',whichbecamefamiliar today,didn'tappearallon itsown.Andnotso longago.It isaresultof theartificialimbeddingof theextremelyprolongedchronologyover the last300years.Thevery ideaof the 'extremely longwrittenhistory' layon the fertileground of the natural human respect towards the clan's remembrance of their own genealogical tree. You can understand the feelings of thepeoplestrivingtoglanceintothedistantpastoftheirancestors.Thefurthertheycanseethehigheristheirpersonalselfesteem.

Thenewchronologydictatesadifferentpsychologicalpictureoftheperceptionofthepast.Nowtheword'antiquity'shouldbecorrespondingwiththeXVXVIIcc,i.e.withtheeventsdistantfromusby300400years.Theexpression'highantiquity'meanstheXIXIIcc.EARLIERTHEXXICC.COMESTHEEPOCHOFTHESILENCEOFTHEWRITTENDOCUMENTS.Nowrittenevidence from those timeswhetheronpaper,parchment,papyrusorthestoneshassurvived.Thusthewords'antiquity', 'highantiquity'and'extremeantiquity'stayinourlexicon.Howevertheyareimbuedwithadifferentmeaning.Theseepochsarebecomingsignificantlyclosertousandthetimescalegreatlydecreased.Weshouldacceptthatbasedonthewrittensourcesweareabletopeerintothepastnotasfaraswethoughtwecouldyesterday.Buteverythingwesawyesterdayisvisibletoday.Onlycloser.

Toconclude:basedon themathematicalandastronomicalmethodswehaveput forward, it is shown that theScaligerianchronologyandhistory are fundamentally wrong. History up until the beginning of the XVII century was falsified in the epoch of the XVIIXVIII cc. Thefalsification was accompanied with the search and annihilation of the documents which provided the true accounts of the past. Primarily itconcerned theXVXVIcc., thememoryofwhichwasdestroyedwithparticular thoroughness.Theseactivities relentlesslycontinued fornearlytwohundredyears.Thisisasufficientamountoftimetodestroyallthemajortextswhichcouldhavetoldthetruth.ThereforewecannotexpectthatsomedetailedfactualchroniclewrittenbyaneyewitnessoftheeventsoftheXVIcenturywouldfallintoourhands.

Thereforethe'smalldetails',thescrapsoftruththatwerenotclearedoutandaccidentallysurvivedacquireaspecialimportance.Andtakentogethertheyallowustorestorethetruth.ThestudyoftheScaligerianhistorycanbecomparedtotheworkofadetectiveexposingacriminalwhohadinventedaplausiblelegendandtookcareofhisalibi.Thatiswhyitisnecessarytoatfirstsearchforthetruepictureinthelittlethings,whichescapedtheattentionofthecriminal,whowascoveringuphistracks.Asitisdifficulttotakeintoaccountallthedetailswheninventingafalseversion.And theexperienceddetective 'digs themup'.Gettingholdofpiecesofevidencegradually 'unfolds'all thecircumstancesof thecrime.

Weexpressourgratitude toT.N.Fomenko the coauthorofmuchour researchon the chronology.Wecowroteanumberof bookswithT.N.Fomenko.

A.T.Fomenko,G.V.NosovskyMoscow,LomonosovMoscowStateUniversity.


http://chronologia.org/en/how_it_was/preface.html#pref2 1/3


PREFACE

1.THEUNIVERSALLYACCEPTEDVERSIONOFWORLDHISTORYWASCREATEDONLYINTHEXVIICENTURY.ITWASREFINEDUPUNTILTHEXIXCENTURY.THISVERSIONISINCORRECT.

ThepresentbookoccupiesauniqueplaceamongourpublicationsontheNewChronology.Itwaswrittenbypopulardemandofourreaders.Manypeopletellus:"Youcriticizedthecurrentlyacceptedversionofchronologyandtheversionofthehistorybasedonit.Yousuggestedyourdatingmethodsandpointedoutmanyduplicates(repetitions),considerably'shortening'thewrittenhistoryofmankind.Supposeyouareright.Butthenan importantquestionarises:Whathappened in reality?Couldyouwritea 'conciseguide'onyournewchronologyand thenewversionofhistory"?

Wefragmentarilyoutlinedourreconstructionseveraltimes.Now,whenavastamountofmaterialhasaccumulated,therearrivedamomenttoputtogetherthemainfindingsandtoreconstructtheactualpast.In[1v]and[2v]weshowedthatthearchaeologicalandphysicalmethodsofdatingwhichexisttoday,includingthefamousradiocarbonmethod,areunfortunatelypoorlysuitedforthedatingofartefacts12thousandyearsold.Thesemethodsproduceerrorscomparabletotheageofthesamples.

Wewill relyonthenewchronologywhichweestablishedbasedonthemathematical,empiricalandstatisticalresultspresented in thefirstthreebooksofthe'Chronology'insevenvolumesandalsoin[6v3],ch.2.Themainchronologicalshiftsbyapproximately333years,1050yearsand1800yearsdiscoveredbyA.T.Fomenko in 'ancient'andmediaevalhistoryare indicated in theGlobalChronologicalMap ()createdbyA.T.Fomenkoin19751979.ThemainresearchontheNewChronologywascarriedoutbyA.T.Fomenko,G.V.Nosovskiy,V.V.KalashnikovandT.N.Fomenko.

Wedonotsubstantiateourpointofviewinthisbook.Thiswouldinfactleadtoanactualrepetitionofeverythingsaidbefore.Thatiswhywearepresentingjustasummaryofthereconstruction.Toseetheevidencepleaserefertoourpreviousmainbooks,ofwhichthereare24.Theseare thebooksof the 'firstwave', i.e.sevenvolume 'Chronology' followedby the17booksof the 'secondwave'whicharesometimescalled the'GoldenSeries' (due to itsgoldencover), i.e.B1,,B17,see theBibliography.The importantmaterialsarealsositedonourofficialwebsitewww.chonologia.org.Manythingssaidinthisbookarestillahypothesis.

Hereweusuallyleaveoutthereferencestotheprimarysources.Youcanfindtheminourpreviousbooks.Wedonotclaimtobeextremelyprecise in thesuggesteddating.Agreatdealofworkwill be required to refine thenewchronologyandsomehypothesis.That iswhywestillreconstructhistoryjust'bythecenturies',i.e.statingthecenturyofagivenevent,butwithoutspecifyingthedatewithinthecentury.

WeshowedthatatpresentthereisnoproofoftheScaligerianchronologywhichiswidelyacceptedtoday.Suchproofaswestatewithfullauthoritywasneverthereandisstillabsent.Thereforethehistoryofantiquityshouldberewritten.Wearecompelledtotakethisdifficulttaskuponourselves.

TheNewChronologystartedfromthecreationofthenewmathematical,statisticalandastronomicalmethodsofdatingtheeventsdescribedin the old sources. Based on thesemethods we reconstructed the correct chronology of antiquity. This is ourmain result. Here it would beappropriatetorecallthenameofoneofthebooksbyA.T.Fomenko'THETRUTHCANBECOMPUTED'.

Then,basedonthenewChronology,wegenerallyoutlinedthereconstructionofhistoryuptotheXVIIIcenturyinclusively.Itwasfollowedbythenextstage.Theystartedaskingus:sowhat INREALITYdid the famous 'classical'authorsHerodotus,Thucydides,TitusLivius,Homerand theothers tellusabout?Whenanswering thequestionweanalysedpracticallyallmajor 'classical'andmediaevalsourceswhich form thefoundationoftheScaligerianhistoryoftheantiquity,thebuildingofwhich,aswefoundout,wasratherlateintheXVIIXVIIIcc.

Inparticularwethoroughlyresearchedthefollowingtexts:theBible(boththeOldandtheNewTestaments),Talmud,Torah,theNewandtheOldTestaments'Apocrypha',Koran,theBookofMormon,PopolVuh(theSacredBookoftheAmericanK'icheMayanpeople,Herodotus,TitusLivius, Claudius Ptolemy, Homer, Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Plutarch, Thucydides,Xenophon,Plato,Aristophanes,Ovid,Polybius,Pausanias,Virgil,Seneca,Strabo,DiodorusSiculus,AmmianusMarcellinus,JosephusFlavius,TheAggadah(Aramaictales),AppianofAlexandria,Apollodorus,Eutropius,SextusAureliusVictor,AeliusSpartianus,IuliusCapitolinus,AeliusLampridius,PaulusOrosius,JohnMalalas,MarcoPolo,GiovannidaPiandelCarpine, theEpicof 'ancient' India 'Mahabharata', theEpicof the'ancient'Persia 'Shahnameh' (Ferdowsi), the 'ancient'Germanicheroicverse, the 'ancient'OldNorseEdda 'ElderEdda',GeoffreyofMonmouth,Nennius,TheAngloSaxonChronicle,RaphaelHolinshed,SaxoGrammaticus,TheLegendofKingArthur,TheLegendsofAlexandertheGreat,TheLegendofTroy, theoldFrenchLegends,some importantMuslimsources,going furtherNiketasChoniates,AnnaKomnene,ProcopiusofCaesarea(andsomeotherByzantineauthors),GeoffreyofVillehardouin,RobertdeClari,'ThePrimaryChronicle'(or'TaleofBygoneYears')andthe other major Russian chronicles (including the Siberian chronicles), the Russian epic multivolume 'The Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan theTerrible'(LitsevoySvod)(notlongagofinallypublishedbytheMoscowpublishinghouseAkteon),MavroOrbini,Philostratus(LifeofApolloniusofTyana),IamblichusChalcidensis,DiogenesLaertius,PorphyryofTyre,BartolomdelasCasas,BernalDazdelCastillo,theworksbysomeoftheChurchFathers,theoldchronologicalworksandtables(JosephJusteScaliger,DionysiusPetavius,MatthewBlastaresandmanyother)Weshallstopthislistingandreferourreaderstoourbooks.

Wehavestudiedthousandsof images: icons,paintings,drawings,etchings,frescos,mosaics,stainedglassartworks, tapestries,goblins,sculptures,basreliefs,gems,Cameos,coins,theimagesontheceramics,enamelwork,etc.Amongotherthingstherewerediscoveredseveraldozensof theoldzodiacswithsometranscriptionsofdates.Someof themwereearlierunknown.Wealreadydatedover40zodiacsusingtheastronomicmethod and the effective computer generated algorithmof data analysiswhichwe developed. It turned out that all these 'ancient'zodiacaldates fall into theepochof theXIXIXcc.andnotatall into the 'distantpast'.Weactivelycontinue this importantworkwhichgreatlycontributestothe'backbone'oftheNewChronology.

Hereisanotherbenefitofthenewreadingoftheoldtexts.Forinstance,aninterestingquestion:whatweretheoldtraditionsinRussiaearlierbeforetheXVIIcentury?It isnotsoeasytofindananswer.Aswealreadyunderstand, that thechroniclesof theRussianhistory inexistencetodaywere tendentiouslyeditedandaredistorting the truepicturebefore theXVIIcentury.Sowhereshouldwederive the required informationfrom?Apparentlyweshouldturntothe'ancient'sources:TitusLevy,Herodotus,Tacitusandtheothers.Theytellusalotabout'AncientRome',i.e.,asweshowed,aboutRussiaHordeof theXIIIXVIIcc.So this iswhereweshouldextract theold testimoniesabout theHordians,who inthese sources are called the 'Ancient Romans' or the 'Ancient Scythians' or the 'Ancient Egyptians'. Roughly speaking, the 'ancient Roman'traditions are indeed the ancientRussian traditions of the epoch of the XIVXVI cc. Incidentally the very notion of 'nations' and 'nationalities'developedlater,notearlierthantheXVIXVIIcc.

Butlet'sgetbacktoourlistoftheoldauthors.Itturnsoutthatpracticallyallofthesesurvivingtextsandchronicles(manyofthemarelinkedtoeachother)infacttellusabouttheeventsoftheXIXVIIcc.Itwascastbackintothedistant(sometimesenormouslydistant)phantompastbytheincorrectScaligerianchronology.Miscalculatingitnotjustbythetensandhundreds,butevenbythousandsofyears!

Atthesametimeitturnedoutthattherewerenotthatmanyprimarysources'onantiquity'.Theyoccupyjustafewselvesinthebookcase.Andsoweshouldn'tthinkthatinordertoreconstructthepasta'greatdeal'ofsourcesarerequired.Apparentlyaboutseveneightdozenisquite



sufficient.Besides the reputed chroniclers the accounts of the antiquity were given to us by the distinguished poets, dramatists and writers. For

instance,HomerandVirgil,whoseworksprovedtobeextremelyvaluableforthereconstructionofthetruehistory.OrthefamousShakespeare.The new chronology throws a bright and unexpected light on theirwritings. At lastwe can understandwhat in fact these great authorswroteabout.

BeforeproceedingwiththereconstructionwhichgreatlydiffersfromtheversionofScaligerPetaviusfamiliartoday[1v],[2v]weshouldgiveasummaryofhowtheScaligerianhistorycameabout.Thiswasfinallyclarifiedonlyoverthecourseofourresearch.

Thehistoricalprimarysourcesaccessibletodaywhicharepublishedandavailable in thepublicarchivesarethecomprisingelementof theScaligerianversionandwerecreatedalongwithit.Notablybywayofdistortionandpurposefuleditingofthetrulyolddocuments.Theoldtextsthemselves which gave the correct accounts of the history weremercilessly destroyed. All of this took place in the XVIIXVIII cc. over thecourseoftheinternationalEuropeanprogramofrewritingtheancientandmediaevalhistory.Whatandwhowasitnecessaryfor,see[6v2],ch.1.TheprogramhadthestatesupportbothinEuropeandinRomanovRussia.ThenintheXVIIIXIXcc.TheScaligerianversionwasintegratedinAsiaandChina.BasedonittheAsianandtheChinese'ancient'chronologieswereconstructed.

PRACTICALLYALLTHEEVENTSDESCRIBEDINTHEOLDEVENEDITEDDOCUMENTS,TOOKPLACE.ANOTHERQUESTIONISWHEREANDWHEN?Thisiswherethechronologicalandgeographicalconfusionoccurred.Alsothedeliberatedistortionledtothe'lengtheningofthehistory'.Therewereofcoursesomenaturalchronologicalmistakes.Butthemainrolewaspaidbythetendentiousediting.

In theepochof theXVIIXVIIIcc. tosupport the imbeddedScaligerianversionnearlyall theeditionsof theworksby the 'classical'GreekandRomanauthors,theMediaevalchroniclesandmemoirespublishedtoday,wereconsciouslycreated.

The sources,which accidentally avoided censorship,weremeticulously searched for over the two hundred years and either destroyed oreliminatedfromcirculation.Thisalsocontinued in theXIXcentury.Theperfectexample is thepurposefuldestructionof theSulakedzev library[4v2],v.2:9.IntheXIXcentury,all themoresotoday,sucholdsurvivingauthentictextswereperceivedassomethingludicrous,notworthyofseriousstudy.Thehistoriansimmediatelybegintoargueaboutforgeryortheignoranceofthechronicler.

It is important to understand that todaywhen publishing the primary sources they undergo whether consciously or subconsciously arigorouscensorshipofthemcorrespondingtotheScaligerianversion.Onlytheprimarysourceswhichfitthefamiliarpictureareconsideredtobe'worthyofattention'.AsaresultonlythetextswhichunderwentthetargetededitingoftheXVIIXVIIIcc.areintroducedintocirculation.

WEDISCOVEREDTHATTHERE ISADISTINCTLYDEFINEDBOUNDARY INHISTORYTHEFIRSTHALFOFTHEXVIICENTURY.Weknowmoreor lesswhathappenedafter thispoint, i.e.closer toour time. Inanycase,beginningwith theendof theXVIIIcentury.ButwehaveaverypoorknowledgeofwhattookplacepriortothemiddleoftheXVIIcentury.Thisborder lineappearedartificially. It isnotaresultofthenaturalforgettingtheinformation.Itseparatestheaccuratechronologyfromtheincorrectone.

Today it isacceptedasanaxiomthat theScaligerianversionandthe truehistory is thesamething.But it isnot true.Thehistorianswhothinkthattheystudythe'ancient'andthemediaevalhistoryinarefactanalysingnotthereality,butanartificialworld,somefairytalephantommirage,createdby thehistoriansandeditorsof theXVIIXVIIIcc.Today thehistoriansuse thedistortedandedited texts from theXVIIXVIIImistakenly considering themas the 'authentic ancient primary sources'. Thehistorians are immersed in a fantasyworld, spending their entireprofessionallifeinit.Theyhavenoideathatthis'virtualreality'wasconcoctedbytheirrecentpredecessors.

Themadeupworldturnedouttobecomplex,intricateandatfirstglancegivestheimpressionofsomethingverysolidandconsistent.Butitisnotso.Unbiasedoutsideperspective,basedontheobjectivemethodsofdating,ratherquicklydetectsallthetelltalesignsofthesandcastleinthefairytaleconstruction.Furtheranalysisresultsinthisbuildingcollapsing.

SowhytodaydothehistoriansworkintheendonlywiththosetextsandtheirderivativeswhichwereeditedintheXVIIXVIIIcc.?Thisisthepressure from a certain school and long standing beliefs. At some point they were imbedded by force, and now they have grown into the'acceptedfacts'.

Of course, it was not possible to destroy all the preScaligerian documents. Some of themmust exist even today. But imagine that theexpert on the 'Scaligerian mirage' came across an authentic document describing for instance the epoch of the XVXVI cc. The differencebetweenthe truehistoryof thatepochand itsScaligeriandepiction issogreat, that itwouldbedifficulteven tocrossreference thisdocumentwiththefamiliarpicture.Oreventounderstandwhatitisabout.Nottomentionthatitwouldmostlikelybewrittenwith'obscurehieroglyphs'.Asthe 'ancient calligraphy' familiar tous today is in fact thehandwritingof the falsifiers editorsof theXVIIXVIII cc.Taken that, asa rule thisscholarwouldhavenevercomeacrosstherealhandwritingandscriptsoftheXVXVIcc.,nottomentiontheearlierepochs.

Thatiswhyarandomoldauthentictexttheymightcomeacrossfortuitouslywouldbemostlikelydeclared'unreadable'.Whichincidentally,thenhappens.Iftheysucceedinreadingittheydeclareit'astrangefruitofthemediaevalignorance'.

Thebookswhicharemarkedaspublished in theXVXVI cc. often turnout tobe theXVIIXVIII cc. forgerieswith theyearof publicationbeingbackdated.Allegedly'earlier'.ThemasspublicationofsuchbooksintheXVIIXVIIIcc.comprisesanimportantpartofthe'substantiation'oftheScaligerianversion.TheauthenticbooksoftheXVXVIcc.werecondemnedanddestroyed.

Many genuine official documents of Western Europe of the XVI century issued by the Imperial Hordian chancery were written, as weunderstanditnow,inSlavic.ManybookspublishedthenintheWesternEuropewerealsoSlavonic[6v1],ch.2.Incidentally,thefactofthewidepublicationoftheSlavonicbooksintheXVIcenturyEuropeisknowntotheexperts.InthatepochSlavonicwastheinternationallanguage.Later'ancient'Latinwascreatedonitsfoundation[7v2].

The transition from theSlavonic language to Latin as the international language inEurope tookplaceonly after the collapseof theGreatEmpire at the end of theXVIXVII cc.Most likely Latin in its developed 'ancient' state emerged only in theXVIXVII cc. That iswhy all the'ancient'Latintexts,inthebestcasescenario,arethetranslationsintotheLatindesignatedasthe'ancient'language,carriedoutintheepochoftheXVIXVIIIcc.TheScaligerianversionwasimmediatelyintroducedintosuchtranslations.

Thesamecanbesaidaboutthe'ancient'Greeklanguage.Itwasalsocreatedtogetherwithall the'ancient'Greekliteratureintheepochofthe XVIXVIII cc. The 'ancient Greek primary sources' were immediately written, translated and edited in this language. The genuine ancientlanguage isprobably theMiddleGreek, theByzantineGreek. It'snotacoincidence that itdiffers from theModernGreek language,unlike the'Ancient'GreekwhichisclosetotheModernGreek.Allthe'classicalGreek'literatureisalsoheavilyeditedXVIXVIIIcc.translationsoftheoldtextsintotherecentlyinvented'classical'language.

TheinventionoftheScaligerianversionofhistorywasaconsequenceofthemajorpoliticalreconstructionoftheworldinthelateXVIearlyXVII cc. Following the collapse of the 'Mongol' Empire the new autonomous small states emerged from its fragments. The former imperialgovernorsbecametheindependentsovereigns.Atfirsttheyfearedthereturnoftheold'Mongol'order.Thatiswhytheystrivedtocreatethe'longstandingancient roots'of theirauthority in thehistoricalpast.Themainpurposeof thenewhistoricalversionbyScaligerandPetaviuswas todistortthehistoryoftheXIVXVIcc.intherequireddirection.Itwasfalsifiedintentionally.

OnlynowwebegintounderstandthescaleoftheGlobalprogramoftheXVIIcenturyofcreatingthefictitioushistoryofthepast.Weshouldnot be surprised at the coordination of action on falsifying history between different countries. Until the end of theXVI century nearly all theEuropeanandAsiancountrieswereapartof theoneunitedEmpire.That iswhyall thegovernorswere fromonecircleof imperialofficials.Atfirst,afterthecollapseoftheEmpirethetiesbetweenitsformerprovinceswerestillstrong.

Just thebeginningof the 'historical reform' fallsat theendof theXVIcentury.Themain falsification, including thecreationof the 'ancientsources' was carried out in the XVIIXVIII cc, when the Empire had already collapsed. I.e. after the Time of Troubles in Russia and the



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Romanovs'victoryoverStepanRazin.TherewasalsoalotdoneinthisdirectionintheendoftheXVIIIcentury,particularlyaftertheRomanovs'victoryoverYemelyan 'Pugachev' in thewarof the17731775.ONLYBEGINNINGWITHTHEXIXCENTURYTHESCALIGERIANVERSIONOFHISTORYACQUIREDITSPRESENTDAYFORM.

Toclarify, todayweuseanestablished 'newera' chronology.However,weshould treat itonlyasapurelynotional timeline.Oneofmanypossible.Asitbecomesclear, inthe'beginningofthenewera', i.e.circa2010yearsago,nosignificantevent,theaccountsofwhichsurvived,evertookplace.Moreover,nodatawhatsoeversurvivesfromthatdistantepoch.MorespecificallyitisincorrecttocallthiseraastheChristianera, as we do today. As according to our results the Nativity of Christ took place nearly a thousand years later. Namely in the XII centuryaccordingtotheconditional'newera'.

Usually, when formulating our hypothesis, we always use the words 'possibly', 'likely', etc. But as this book is entirely dedicated to ourreconstructionwewill not all the time repeat thesewordswhile constantly implying them.Wedonot insist on someof our observations.Wewould like you to remember this. As our reconstruction is unfamiliar tomany readers,we sometimes repeat some of our conclusions for thebetterabsorption.

INVARIOUSANCIENTTEXTSTHEWORDSWEREWRITTENDOWNUSINGONLYCONSONANTS,WITHOUTVOWELS.PleaseseethedetailsinthebookbyA.T.Fomenko[1v],ch.1:8.Thevowelsappearedlaterandpinpointedonlyoneofmanypossiblevariantsofthereadingof thewords.Firstofall itconcerns thepropernounsand led to thesignificantambiguity in thereadingof theoldnames,geographicalnamesetc.Intheoldtexttherewasalsonobreakdownintoseparatewords.BesidestherecouldbeconfusionbetweenthesoundsLandR,FandT,BandV,etc.TheOldSlavonichadmultipleomissionsofvowelsandbesides,itdidn'thavetheseparationintowords.The'Ancient'Egyptiantextswerealsowrittenwith theconsonantsonly. 'Thenamesof the(EgyptianAuthor)kingsaregiven(in themodern literatureAuthor) in theirconditional, ENTIRELY FREEFORM, so called CLASSROOM delivery customarily accepted in the textbooks These forms oftensignificantlydifferfromeachotheranditisnotpossibletoregulatetheminanyway,astheyarealltheresultoftheARBITRARYREADING(!Author),whichbecametraditional' [72],p.176.Also 'theHebrewwritten languageoriginallyhadneithervowels,noranyothersymbolsreplacingthemTheBooksoftheOldTestamentwerewrittenusingonlyconsonants'[765],p.155.

We were able to discover the 'parallels' between the events within the different periods of the 'ancient' history only thanks to the newchronology.Without it, itwouldhavebeen impossible tounderstandwhoshouldbecomparedtowhomandwhatshouldbecomparedtowhat?The bulk of thematerial is so vast, that it is practically impossible to fumble for the right parallels in it at random. But now, whenwe havereconstructed the chronological 'framework of history', a wonderful opportunity opens up to enrich this formal result with the 'content of theevents'.This is theexactway to treat the 'biographical'matcheswhichwepresent.Theyarenot thestrictproofon theirownperse.But theylogicallyarise fromthenewchronologyestablishedvia themathematicalmethods.Firstwecalculate thedatesandonly then,basedon them,read theolddocumentsanewandbegin tosee the trueessence.The fact is that thedatesof theeventsstronglydefine the interpretationofhistoryandallowusnowtochoosethecorrectinterpretationofthesourcesfrommanypossibleones.

2.THEPSYCHOLOGICALNOTES.

Todaytheword'antiquity' isusuallyassociatedwiththeeventsearlierthantheVcenturyA.D.,for instance. 'Deepantiquity' isearlierthan,let'ssay, theXcenturyB.C. 'Deepestantiquity' isas farbackas the IImillenniumB.C.Thecustom,widelyaccepted today, for thisparticulartime scale is one of the serious psychological obstructions in theway of the perception of the new short chronology. But this psychologicalinterpretationof theword 'antiquity',whichbecamefamiliar today,didn'tappearallon itsown.Andnotso longago.It isaresultof theartificialimbeddingof theextremelyprolongedchronologyover the last300years.Thevery ideaof the 'extremely longwrittenhistory' layon the fertileground of the natural human respect towards the clan's remembrance of their own genealogical tree. You can understand the feelings of thepeoplestrivingtoglanceintothedistantpastoftheirancestors.Thefurthertheycanseethehigheristheirpersonalselfesteem.

Thenewchronologydictatesadifferentpsychologicalpictureoftheperceptionofthepast.Nowtheword'antiquity'shouldbecorrespondingwiththeXVXVIIcc,i.e.withtheeventsdistantfromusby300400years.Theexpression'highantiquity'meanstheXIXIIcc.EARLIERTHEXXICC.COMESTHEEPOCHOFTHESILENCEOFTHEWRITTENDOCUMENTS.Nowrittenevidence from those timeswhetheronpaper,parchment,papyrusorthestoneshassurvived.Thusthewords'antiquity', 'highantiquity'and'extremeantiquity'stayinourlexicon.Howevertheyareimbuedwithadifferentmeaning.Theseepochsarebecomingsignificantlyclosertousandthetimescalegreatlydecreased.Weshouldacceptthatbasedonthewrittensourcesweareabletopeerintothepastnotasfaraswethoughtwecouldyesterday.Buteverythingwesawyesterdayisvisibletoday.Onlycloser.

Toconclude:basedon themathematicalandastronomicalmethodswehaveput forward, it is shown that theScaligerianchronologyandhistory are fundamentally wrong. History up until the beginning of the XVII century was falsified in the epoch of the XVIIXVIII cc. Thefalsification was accompanied with the search and annihilation of the documents which provided the true accounts of the past. Primarily itconcerned theXVXVIcc., thememoryofwhichwasdestroyedwithparticular thoroughness.Theseactivities relentlesslycontinued fornearlytwohundredyears.Thisisasufficientamountoftimetodestroyallthemajortextswhichcouldhavetoldthetruth.ThereforewecannotexpectthatsomedetailedfactualchroniclewrittenbyaneyewitnessoftheeventsoftheXVIcenturywouldfallintoourhands.

Thereforethe'smalldetails',thescrapsoftruththatwerenotclearedoutandaccidentallysurvivedacquireaspecialimportance.Andtakentogethertheyallowustorestorethetruth.ThestudyoftheScaligerianhistorycanbecomparedtotheworkofadetectiveexposingacriminalwhohadinventedaplausiblelegendandtookcareofhisalibi.Thatiswhyitisnecessarytoatfirstsearchforthetruepictureinthelittlethings,whichescapedtheattentionofthecriminal,whowascoveringuphistracks.Asitisdifficulttotakeintoaccountallthedetailswheninventingafalseversion.And theexperienceddetective 'digs themup'.Gettingholdofpiecesofevidencegradually 'unfolds'all thecircumstancesof thecrime.

Weexpressourgratitude toT.N.Fomenko the coauthorofmuchour researchon the chronology.Wecowroteanumberof bookswithT.N.Fomenko.

A.T.Fomenko,G.V.NosovskyMoscow,LomonosovMoscowStateUniversity.


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Chapter1.EPOCHOFTHEXICENTURY.

1.THEFIRSTROMANKINGDOMOFTHEOLDROME.Thischapter isalsobrief,asvery littledatahassurvived. Itappears that in theMediterranean in theeraofXXIcc.aKingdomemerged,

whichcouldprovisionallybecalledRomaicorRoman,or 'TheFirstRome'. Its firstcapitalwasacity in the fertileNileValley inAfricanEgypt.Here farming developed rapidly in order to feed the large population. Sciences and the first technologies originated here. Very little writtenevidenceaboutthisfirstKingdomhassurvived.

It is possible that in addition to that Egypt was one of the main religious centres of both Romea of XIXIII cc. and after that TheGreat='Mongol'EmpireofXIVXVIcenturies.Itwasthefocalpointforthecultofthedead.Maybethisoriginatedduetoobservationstheancientpeoplemade:thatinthatarea,duetothehotanddryclimate,acorpseleftintheburninghotsandwouldnotdecompose.Hencetheydecidedthatthisareawouldbemostsuitableasaburialsite.

Thecapitalof theancientAfricanKingdomwasnot far fromthemouthof theNileandtoday iscalledAlexandria. Itwasherethat thefirstwritingoriginated in the formofhieroglyphs, i.e. 'writingwithsymbols'. It isprobable that thismethodofcommunicationand transmissionofthoughts was the first to appear. If a person wanted to communicate something to others, he would draw a variety of symbols representingdifferentthings.

TherewereasyetnomonumentalstructuresasweknowthemtodayinAfricanEgyptpyramids,sphinxes,templesorobelisks.Theywereto appear significantly later, in the epoch of theXIXVI cc., when inAfricanEgypt an imperial cemeterywas founded for the czarskhans ofRomea,andlateroftheGreat('Mongol')RussianHordeEmpire.ThedeceasedczarskhansoftheGreatEmpireandotherimportanthighrankingpeoplewerebroughthere.Theywereburiedinluxurioustombs,sometimeswithalargeamountofgoldandjewels.

Prior to a long transportation their bodies were embalmed to prevent decomposition during the journey. See an image from the 'ancient'Egyptian 'BookoftheDead', fig.2. It ispossible thatdepictedhere is ferryingof thedeadacross 'RiverStyx', i.e.MediterraneanSea. 'Ancient'GreekmythstellusaboutCharon,theferrymanofthedead,whocarriedthedeceasedonhisboatacrosstheRiverStyxintotheKingdomoftheUnderworld,thatis,asweunderstanditnow,totheNileValley,Egypt.ThenameCharonprobablyoriginatedfromtheRussianwordCHORNIU,CHORONIT(whichmeans'tobury'translator'snote)[5v2],ch.7.

Theextentof theburialconstruction inEgypt itselfshowsthat theNile'sestuarybecameapartof thegiganticandpowerfulempire,whichestablisheditsroyalcemeteryhere.Oblivioustothisscientistswerecompelledtopaintafantasticpictureof 'ancient'Egyptianswhosemain ifnot exclusive occupationwas purportedly the burial of their LOCAL pharaohs. This being true the volume of valuables (gold, etc.)whichwasburiedherewassupposedlyonlyamountedtoafractionofthestatetreasury.

IntheXIcenturytheKingdom'smetropolismovedtotheBosporus,whereinastrategicallyadvantageouslocationthenarrowestpartoftheBosporusemergedacityofYoros(Jerusalem),akaCzarGrad(Cityof theCzartranslator'snote),akaTroy,approximately30kilometresnorthofmodernIstanbul.It isherethattheimposingruinsofthiscityandafortresscalledYorossurvivetothisday.Later, intheXIIIXIVcc,theKingdom'scapitalmovedslightlysouth,whereanewcityemergedunderthesamenameofJerusalem.OverthecourseoftimeitwascalledConstantinople,andlaterIstanbul.ThenameofJerusalemwasfloatingandatdifferenttimeswasappliedtodifferentcities.

Variousprovinces,femadistricts,werepartofRomaicKingdom.Rus(Russia)wasoneofthem,anditwasthelargest,fig.3.In the era of the XXI cc. for the first time Paschal cycle was calculated [6v3], ch.2. The first ecclesiastical calendar was created.

Astronomyemerges,firstintendedtoservetheecclesiasticalcalendarandtoobserveseasonalchangesinweatherandclimate.Wewillshowyouastronomicaldatesoftheearlyzodiacscalculatedbyus,whichfallwithintheeraoftheXIcentury.Sometimesthereare

differentsolutionsarisingwithinthelaterepochs.Wewouldliketoclarifythatahoroscopeisthepositionoftheplanetsinaconstellation.Forexample,MarsinVirgo,SaturninPisces,

etc.Thehoroscopesarecalculated in the followingway:having locatedthepositionof theplanets in theirconstellationatacertainmoment intime, forexample today,andknowing thenumerical valueofplanets'orbit periodsaround theSun,byplottingbackwardsor forwardswholemultiples of these periods, you can obtain the positions of the planets in their constellation in the past and in the future. Currently there arecomputer programswhich allow us to date horoscopes found in the ancientmanuscripts, frescos, paintings, tombs, etc.We have created aprogramHOROS()designedspecificallyfortheanalysesoftheancientzodiacsandhoroscopeswhichfullyutiliseall theastronomicaldatarecordedinthem(theprincipalhoroscope,additionalauxiliaryhoroscopesandsoon.)[]

2.ASTRONOMICALDATINGOFTHENEWCHRONOLOGY1.(Years969or1206)ZODIACSPFROMTHETOMBOFPHARAOHSETII.Acolouredfrescoonthearchoftheburialchamber.'Ancient'

Egypt,Luxor,Valleyof theKings,allegedly 'deepantiquity'. In fact the firstvariant:1416August969 thesecondvariant:57August1206[]and[3v2].

2. (Years1007or 1186)ZODIACOFMITHRAOFGEDDERNHEIM. It is depictedon stone tablet, basrelief.Europe,Germany, allegedly'antiquity'.Infactthefirstvariant:1415October1007thesecondvariant:1415October1186[]

3. (Year1007)THEFIRSTZODIACSNFROMTHETOMBOFSENEMUT. It isdepictedon thearchesof the tomb,butnot in theburialchamberitself.'Ancient'Egypt,Luxor,allegedly'deepantiquity'.Infact:1416June1007[].

4.(Year1007)ZODIACOFMITHRAOFAPULUM.It isdepictedonthestonetablet,basrelief.Europe,Dacia,allegedly 'antiquity'. Infact:1416August1007[].

5.(Year1007)ZODIACMTONTHEMETTERNICHSTELA.ItisdepictedonthestonetabletfoundinAlexandria.'Ancient'Egypt,allegedly'deepantiquity'.Infact:1416August1007.See[]

6. (Years1071,1189or1308)CONCISEZODIACKZ.Stonebasreliefon theceilingof the temple in thecityofErment. 'Ancient'Egypt,allegedly'antiquity'.Infactfirstvariant:1516May1071secondvariant:3031May1189.Thirdvariant:68May1308[].

7.Ptolemy'sSTARCATALOGUE"Almagest",allegedly'antiquity'.Infact:approximatelynotearlierthanXIcentury[3v1].




Chapter2.EPOCHOFTHEXIICENTURY.

1.THESECONDROMEORTHEROMAICTSARGRADEMPIRE.YOROS=JERUSALEM=TROY.Asaforementioned,themostancientKingdom,ofwhichsurviveonlythevaguestofrecords,isTheAncientFirstRomeorOldRomeinthe

NileValley.IntheScaliger'sversionofhistory,whichwascreatedintheXVIIcentury,therewasakingdomintheNileValleywhichwascalledEgypt.Thisseemstobeincorrect.TheoriginalBiblicalEgyptbearsnorelationtothiskingdom.The'Egypt'oftheOldTestamentPentateuchis in fact the Rus'Horde (the RussianHorde Empire) of XIVXVI cc. [6v1], ch.4. But hereafter the Biblical name Egypt=Gypt=Kipchak wasascribedtoAfricaandattributedtoatrulyancientKingdomintheNileValley.Thisresultedinconfusion.

IntheXXIcc.thecapitalofthisKingdommovestothecityofYorosontheAsiaticshoreoftheBosphorus.WewillprovisionallycallitTheSecondRome.AkaJerusalemoftheGospels,aka'ancient'Troy.ThenthecapitalmovedtoRus',toYaroslavlVelikyNovgorod,aka'ancient'Rome.This in totalwasTheThirdRome,which themajorityof 'ancientauthors'consider tobe the firstdisregarding theprevious incarnations.After a while the capital of the Empire returned to Bosphorus, but not to its former location, it moved to the other side of Bosphorus, to itsEuropeanshore,not itsAsiatic shore. Itwas there thatmedievalConstantinopleemerged,akamedievalTsarGradof theendofXIVXVcc.,subsequently Turkish (Ottoman) Istanbul. Overall it was The Fourth Rome, or in a shorter count the second. As we knowMoscow wassubsequentlycalledtheThirdRome(accordingtotheshortcount).InsomeoldtextsTsarGradwasreferredtoasKiev.Thatiswhysomeofthesignificanthistoricaleventsin'Kiev'infactunfoldedinTsarGradontheBosphorus.

To summarise, 1st Rome: the Nile Valley (Alexandria, Cairo) 2ndRome: Yoros = Jerusalem = Troy 3rd Rome: VladimirSuzdal Rus' =VelikyNovgorod(Yaroslavl,Vladimir)=RomeofEneiRurik4thRomeConstantinople5thRome:Moscow.

Butwhen in theXVIcenturyRomeswerecounted,whereMoscowwasnumberedas theThirdRome(andnot theFifth), theyhaveclearlystarted counting not from the deepantiquity ofAfricanEgypt, but fromRomeofEneiRurik, i.e. fromYaroslavl, from theEmpire of the greatconquestepoch:VelikyNovgorodFirstRome,ConstantinopleSecondRome,MoscowThirdRome.HereafterthehistoriansreplacedVelikyNovgorodwithRomeinItalyandthepresentpicturepannedwasformed.

Torepeat:theoriginalBiblicalJerusalem(thecityofYoros)issituatedontheeastern,AsiaticshoreofBosphorus,closertotheBlackSea,veryneartotheBeykozmountain(Golgotha)[]

In2006infrontoftheentrancetotheYorosfortressthereremainedtothisdayashieldbearinganame:FortressYorosinTurkish:Yoroskalesi[],ch.3.Itisnotablethatyoucomeacrossthisnameliterallyeverystepintheimmediatevicinityofthefortress.Forexample,astreetleading to the fortress, a restaurant situated close to the fortress, etc. all bear the name Fortress Yoros. But YOROS (IOROS) is a simpleabbreviationofJEROSALEM.Bytheway,inLatinthiswordisalsospelledwithan'o'Hierosolyma.Fig.4showsanoldpainting,apparentlyfromtheXVIIIXIXcc.,depictingtheTurksrestingonBeykozmountaincloseto'thegraveofholyJesus(YushaorYusa)'.Theundoubtablefocalpointofthewholecompositionisthepicturesqueremainsofanimposingageoldfortress.ItstandsontheveryshoreoftheBosphorusonahillnexttoBeykoz.TheimpressiveruinsoftheoldYorosfortresssurvivetothisday[],ch.3.ThustheTurkishnameofthisoldfortressontheBosphorusYoros(Ioros),preciselycorrespondswiththefirsthalfofthewordIEROSALIMinits old prereform spelling.Moreover this fortress is locatedPRECISELY in the very placewhere theBiblical Jerusalemwas supposed to besituatedaccordingtoourresearch.

ThefortificationsofYoros,theremainsofwhicharevisibletoday,werebuiltin1261A.D.Infact,thedistancefromYorosJerusalemtothetopofBeykozGolgothaisabouttwohourswalk,whichcorrespondswellwiththeGospels.

Surprisinglywecouldnot find thenameof 'Yoros' in theBosphorusonanymodernmapwhichwehaveseen.Onmanymaps theYorosFortressisnotmarkedatall,despiteits imposingsize.Onothermapsit ismarkedundercompletelydifferentnames,notatallresemblingtheword'Ierosalim'.However,whenweaskedanarchaeologistfromIstanbulifheknewofthefortressYorosoutsideIstanbul,herepliedthatyes,heknew it, and that this oldChristian fortress iswell known to the regional historiansand locals. It turnsout that historians cartographersareattempting to conceal important information,which can cause 'awkward' questions or plant the seeds of doubt about the validity of Scaliger'sversionofhistory.

WediscoveredthatthesamecityontheAsiaticshoreoftheBosphorus(atitsNorthernexitintotheBlackSea)wascalledbyanumberofnames: 1)Yoros, i.e. Jerusalem. 2)Chrisople, i.e.City ofChrist (City ofGold). 3)P+Christo (PChristo),meaning quite clearly:City ofChrist(Polis+Christo).4)SanctuaryofthegodJupiter(Zeus),sendingfairwinds.5)Simply'Sanctuary'.Weseeoneofthesenamesontheoldmaps.[]ch.4:1.

Incidentally it is interesting to lookcarefullyat the representationof thecrucifixion. It appears that inmanypaintings, iconsand frescoesChrist's crucifixion isshownwithabackgroundofeitherabigseastraitorawide river.Besides theartistswerepainting inparticulareitherastraitorariver,butbynomeansasea, fig.5.So,bydepictingwater, theoppositeshorewasalwaysshown[5v1],ch.14.Asweunderstand itnow, itcouldnothavebeenotherwise,as theBeykozmountain issituated righton theshoreof thewideBosphorus.From therecanbeseenveryclearlytheEuropeanshoreofthestrait,wherethecentreofConstantinopleissituated,whichcouldhavebeenalsoconsideredtheBiblicalJerusalemlateron,whenthecapitalwasrelocatedherefromthecityfortressYoros.Anyartist,hadamoreorlessaccuraterecollectionoftheoriginalstory,wouldhavedepictedtheBosphorusstraitasasignificantpartofthelandscape,whichservedasabackdroptothesiteofChrist'scrucifixion.

ThestrategiclocationofYorosJerusalemisideal.ItcontrolledthenarrowestpartoftheBosphorusclosetotheentranceintotheBlackSea.Subsequently,itisconceivable,thatattheendoftheXIVcentury,duringtherelocationoftheEmpire'scapitalfromAncientRome(i.e.VladimirSuzdalRus'oftheXIIIXIVcc.)toNewRome=ConstantinoplebyDmitriyDonskoy=ConstantinetheGreat,thelocationofthenewcapitalwasslightlymoved in relation to ancient TroyJerusalemYoros towards theMarbleSea and relocated it to theEuropean shore of theBosphorus,wheretherewasaflatterterrain[KR].

Butlet'sgobacktotheXIIcentury.ThepowerofRomeaintheXIXIIcc.spreadsovermanyregionsintheWestandtheEast,wherethefemasprovinces of TsarGrad are located.Generally speaking each femawas an independent state formation, butwas headed by aRomaiclegateaking,atsaroraduke.HewasavassalofBiblicalJerusalem=TsarGrad(Yoros)intheBosphorus.Among such femasprovinceswere: AfricanEgypt, Rus'Horde, territories ofWesternEurope,where consequently (in theXVIXVII cc.) therewouldemergeGermany,Italy,EnglandandSpain,etc.Thesubordinationofthesefemastotheimperialcentrewasreasonablyflexible.Oneofthe characteristics of such vassal state was the payment of tax to Jerusalem = TsarGrad (Yoros). Besides, starting in the end of the XIIcentury, the femas were united by shared Christian religion. TsarGrad universally recognized as the religious centre of the Kingdom as awhole.Itcouldbethattheword'fema'or'TEMA'hasaconnectionwithaHordeTatarword'Tumen',i.e.aRussianword'T'MA',whichdenotedamilitaryunit(t'ma=many).



Independent local history in femas was hardly recorded. Meanwhile chronicles are being written only in TsarGrad, as the capital of theKingdom.Theymainly reflect theeventswhich interestedJerusalem=Troy in theBosphorus.Copiesof thesechroniclessometimesemerge insomeoftheRomaicfemasprovinces.Butthesetextsmainlytellusabouttheeventsinthemetropolis.Andonlyfleetinglyaboutlocalevents.Jerusalem=TsarGrad(Yoros)intheBosphorusintheXIXIIcc.wasthecapitalofastrongRomaicKingdom.WeshouldalsonotethebrilliantstrategicpositionofthelaterIstanbulaswell, itsformidabledefences.ThegiganticwallsofConstantinople,whichinplaceshaveseveralrows,wererepeatedlyrebuiltandreinforced[5v].Itsimpressiveremainssurviveintact)tothisday.

2.BIRTHOFCHRISTIN1152ANDHISCRUICIFICTIONINTSARGRADIN1185.In theXIIcenturysignificanteventstakeplace,asdescribed in theGospels: thecomingofJesusChrist,his lifeandcrucifixion,although

theexistingtextoftheGospelswaseditedandmostlikelydatestotheXIVXVcc.In themidXII century, in the year 1152, JesusChrist is born. In secularByzantine history he is knownasEmperorAndronicus and St.

AndrewtheApostletheFirstCalled.InRussianhistoryhewasportrayedastheGreatPrinceAndreyBogolyubsky.Tobemorespecific,AndreyBogolyubskyisachronicularcounterpartofAndronicusChristduringhisstayinVladimirSuzdalRusoftheXIIcentury,wherehespentmostofhis life. In fact theStar ofBethlehemblazed in themiddle of theXII century. This gives us anabsolute astronomical dating ofChrists Life.[], ch.1. Star ofBethlehem is anexplosionof a supernova,whichat present is incorrectly dated to themiddleof theXI century. ThepresentdayCrabNebulaintheTaurusConstellationistheremnantofthisexplosion.[TsOS]

Couldtherebesuchadateamidsttheabsoluteastronomicdating,whichwouldaccuratelycorrespondtothecrucifixionofChristattheendoftheXIIcentury?Afterall,itisentirelypossiblethatsuchasignificanteventwouldbeimmortalisedinsomeastronomicalimage,letssayonazodiacwithahoroscope.Forexample, in AncientEgypt,near theEmpire tsarsburialground.Letus turn to the results for thedatingof theancientEgyptianzodiacswhichwehavepreviouslycalculated.Youwillrecall,thatthecrucifixionofJesusChristtookplaceduringthedaysofJewishPassover,notlongfromthefirstvernalfullmoon.>

CONCLUSION.Amongthezodiacsdatedbyus,thereisone,whichgivestheexactdateoftheJewishPassover=thedateofthefirstdayofthevernalfullmoon.WearereferringtoafamousCircularDenderahzodiacor,asit isalsocalled,OsirisZodiac,fig.6.ThisZodiacgivesusthedateof thePassover themorningof the20thMarch1185,andperfectlycorrespondswith thedateof crucifixionof JesusChrist in year1185 [], ch.1. Besides, the date of the Circular Zodiac corresponds well with the dating of the Star of Bethlehem, which appearedapproximatelyaroundyear1150,asitallowsforChristsagetobeapproximately33years.

In fact OsirisZodiacmeans ZodiacofChrist,as,according toour research, the ancientEgyptiangodOsiris represented JesusChrist.[5v],[].>

The VirginMary, themother of AndronicusChrist, was originally fromRus. Its no coincidence that in the ancient documents Rus wassometimes referred toas theHouseofHolyMotherofGod.AfterwardsMary lived inTsarGrad= ancient Troy.AndronicusChrist andMaryspenta lotof time inRus.They fled there, i.e. return to theirmotherland,escapingpersecution inTsarGrad.Thiseventwasdescribed in theGospelsastheEscapeoftheHolyFamilyfromKingHerodtoEgypt.

BiblicalEgypt,akaEgyptoftheancientpharaohsisRusHordeoftheXIIIXVIcc.InawellknownGospelstory,thedetailsofChristslifeaftertheescapetoEgypt,uptohisreturnJerusalemattheageofapproximately30yearsold,areenshroudedinmystery.Most likely, thesignificantpartof that timeAndronicusChristandhismotherspent inRus.Besides, thename India referred to thewholeofRusHorde,andnot just to the territory of modern Hindustan. It is possible that this is reason why some of the medieval texts, which are today deemedapocryphal,claimthatChristlivedinIndiaforalongtime.

HavingthenreturnedfromRusbacktoTsarGrad(Yoros),theemperorAndronicusChrist(accordingtotheRussianschroniclestheGreatPrince Andrey Bogolyubsky) implemented important state reforms, impeded corruption, made life easier for the common people. Trade andagriculturewerebooming.But the reforms raised the ireandhatredof thenobility. This resulted in a plot in the capitalwhich led to a bloodyrebellion. In1185 theEmperorAndronicusChristwasdeposedandcrucified inTsarGradon theBeykozmountain=BiblicalGolgotha,on theAsiaticshoreoftheBosphorus,closetoYoros.

Untilnowthereremainedanenormousgrave,whichisknownas:agraveofYusha(Jesus).BeykozisthehighestofthemountainsoftheUpperBosphorus,180metresabovesealevel.ItissituatedclosetheruinsofthecityandfortressofYoros(BiblicalJerusalem).Yushasgraveisnot therealgraveofJesusChrist,buta largefencedoffplotof land,approximately3by17metres,whereJesuswascrucified, fig.7, fig.8.Thisistosay,theycommemoratedthissacredlocation[6v2],ch.5.

NotfarfromthegraveofholyYushaJesus,atthefootoftheBeykozmountain,therearethreeotherenormousgravesnearly78metreslong. These are the graves of Kirklar Sultan, Uzun Elviya Leblebici Baba and Akbaba Sultan. On the other side of the Bosphorus, i.e. itsEuropeanshore,therewere,asthelocallegendssay,severalsimilarlookingimmensegravesofthesaints.Theyare,probably,symbolicrestingplacesofthedisciplesofJesusChrist.

So,ontheBeykozmountainofTsarGrad,nearYorosJerusalem, there isamiraculouslywellpreservedmemorial (possibly reconstructed)providinguswithatangiblereminderofthecrucifixionofAndronicusChristinthisveryplace.

Asaresultofacoupandabloodyrebellion in1185anewdynastyofAngelscametopower. It isconsideredthat Angel is inthiscaseafamilyname.However, it isquitepossiblethat inthetimesofAndronicusChrist thiswordrepresentedtheTsaristofficials ingeneral.Hence isderivedangels,celestialhierarchy, i.e.Godsministers,according to theHolyBible. It ispossible, that thewellknownstory in theHolyBibleaboutSatananevilangel,whorebelledagainstGodandwishedtousurpHim,originatedfromthere.

Lets refer to theByzantinechroniclerNiketasChoniates. In regards toAndronicusChrist it says, thathewasa foreigner,who lived foralong timeamongst thebarbarians (asweunderstandhemeant inRus).Havingarrived toTsarGrad,hesurroundedhimselfwithabarbarianarmyandintroducedbarbariccustomsintothecountry.Forexample,theRussianpantaloons[],ch.2:61.Nowthepicturebecomesclearer.AndronicusChristwas thesonofVirginMary,whowasoriginally fromRus. Itwashere inRuswhereAndronicusChrist spenthischildhood.Later he lived in TsarGrad. Then he again returned to Rus and spent many of his adult years here. Perhaps AndronicusChrists particularaffection towards Rus wasnt to everyones liking in TsarGrad. And during a tense period of political crisis and rebellion, the matter ofAndronicusChristsforeignrootssurfaced.TherebelsstartedusingittomaligntheEmperor.

Therefore,theeventsdescribedinGospels,tookplaceinYoros(Jerusalem)inBosphorusduringthesecondhalfoftheXIIcentury.AndthecityofmodernPalestine,whichtodayisreferredtoasJerusalem,wasinfactfabricatedfromasmallArabsettlementcalledAlQudsinaratherdesolateareaintheMiddleEastnotearlierthantheXVIIoreventheXVIIIcentury.Itwasdeclaredacenterofworship.ItbearsnorelationtotheeventsintheGospel.ThefalsifiersoftheXVIIXIXcc.pursuedaclearobjective:torelocateonpaper!TheGospeleventsfarawayfromtherealJerusalem=TsarGrad,inordertocastintooblivionasignificantpartofauthentichistory.

To conclude, the emperor AndronicusChrist, aka the great Russian prince Andrey Bogolyubsky, aka apostle Andrey Pervozvanny (St.AndrewtheFirstCalled),wascrucifiedinTsarGrad(Yoros)=Jerusalemin1185.

The Gospel life of Jesus Christ in GALILEE represents Andronicus stay in VladimirSuzdal Rus, in the suburbs of the city GalitchKostromskoy, which in a local dialect was pronounced as GALION. Gospel city of CANA in Galilee, therefore, was a Canian or KhahniansettlementinVladimirSuzdalRus.Consequently,yearzerooftheeraoftheYearofOurLord(AD)wasyear1152AD.

Up until the epoch of the XVII century, when writing down the dates, the Roman numeral X, i.e. ten, in Latin denoting a century (forexample,XIcentury),wassimplythefirstletterXofthenameofJesusChrist(writteninCyrillic:Ch=Xtranslatorsnote).That iswhyinitiallyanabbreviation:XIcenturymeantChristsFirstcentury,i.e.:FirstCenturyofChristsIncarnation.Therefore,theletterXwasseparatedfromthefollowingnumeralswithadot,i.e.theywroteX.I,X.II.etc.[1v.]ThatwasthewaytheChristiancalendarappeared.Duringthatepochallthe



dateswerewrittendownstartingwiththenameofJesusChrist,i.e.letterXorletterI.ThefactisthattheRomannumeralI,i.e.one,intheArabicrepresentationofayear,forexampleyear1255,initiallywasthefirst letterIofthenameJesus.SotheexpressionYearI.255 inthosedistant timesmeant: fromJesus year255.Upuntil theXVIXVII cc. there remained the traditionof recordingdatesby thewayof: eitherX.(followedby numerals), or I. (followed by numerals), in other words, by separating with a dot letters X and I from the other numerals whichrepresentedthedateitself.SometimesJwasusedinsteadofI.SeemultipleexamplesinthebookbyA.T.Fomenko[1v],ch.6:1213

Overmanycenturies,intheXVIIcenturytobeprecise,thecreationofthereformedversionofhistorybegan.ItaimedtodistortthehistoryoftheXIXVIcc.beyondrecognition.Inparticularitwasachievedbydistortingthechronology.ThefirstletterX(i.e.Christ)slylydeclaredtobetherepresentationoftencenturiesinthedates,andthefirstletterI(i.e.Jesus)waspurportedtorepresentathousand.Astheresultof it thedates were artificiallymade older by approximately 1000 years. Massive blocks of events of the XIXVII cc. slid down by approximately athousandyears.Phantomantiquitythusappeared.

Ourconclusionperfectlycorrespondswithawellknownfact, that themedieval Italiansusedhundredstorepresentcenturies:TRECENTE(i.e.YEARSTHREEHUNDREDs) theXIVcentury,QUATTROCENTE(i.e.YEARSFOURHUNDREDs) theXVcentury,CINQUECENTE(i.e.YEARS FIVEHUNDREDs) the XVI century [242], p.25. But then such naming of the centuries INDICATESDIRECTLY THAT THESTARTING POINT FOR COUNTING COMMENCES EXACTLY FROM THE XI CENTURY, as it disregards todays conventional method ofaddingathousandyears.Itturnsout,thatthemedievalItaliansdidntknowanythousandyears.Asweunderstanditnow,thereasonforitwassimplybecause,therewasnosparethousandyears.

Wehavedescribedamechanismofthewayofoneofthethreeprinciplechronologicalshiftoriginated,approximatelybya thousandyears.Thecausesfortheothertwoshiftsapproximatelyby330and1800yearsareanalogousand,besides,canbeexplainedbythemistakesofthe chronologists of the XIVXV cc., who relied on the erroneous astronomical data and methods. In the book by A.T.Fomenko [1v] thechronologicalshiftswereprovisionallycalledthefollowing:1)TheRomanByzantineshiftby330360years,2)TheRomanshiftbyeither1053or1153years,3)TheGreekBiblicalshiftby17801880years.

TheRomanByzantineshiftmadethehistoryofRomeByzantinelongerbyforcingit intothepast.TheRomanshiftmadethehistoryoftheRomanEmpiremoreancient.TheGreekBiblicalshiftmadethehistoryofGreeceandallBiblicalhistoryfarolderbyforcingitintothepast.

3.CAESAREANSECTION

Weareall familiarwith themedical term caesareansection or caesarean. Inotherwords,when labourdoesnotoccur naturally, but bymeansofanincisionintheabdomen.Whyisthis incisioncalled Caesarean?Because,accordingtosomesources, thatwasexactly thewayJuliusCaesarwasdeliveredatbirth.ForexampleinanoldRussianPalaeaweread:TheoriginalRomankingdomofIuliiKesar.InthethirdyearofCleopatrasreignIuliiKesarnamedVYPOROTOK(meaningrippedortorntranslatorsnote)startedhisruleinRome.[625:1],page254.

The nickname vyporotok could perhapsmean, that hewas rippedor torn out of hismotherswomb. In otherwords hewas removed bymeansofamedicalprocedurethroughanincisionorsection.Thisistheoriginoftheexpressioncaesareansection.

Buton theotherhand,similar informationhassurvivedaboutChrist too.Though littleknown today,butclearlyexpressed in thecanonicalchurchservice.Forexample in theoldChurchSlavonic triadiccanonof thesecondmode, recitedonSundaysmidnight vespers. Irmosof theninthsongofthiscanonsoundslikethis:(inEnglishtranslation):Him,whobeforetheSunGodslanternshined,andinfleshcameFROMVIRGINSSIDE,infinitelyincarnated,blessedandpure,wepraiseYou,MotherofGod.[537:2],p.66[537:3],p.134.

Thewords:(He)cameinfleshfromvirginssidearehardtointerpret inanyotherwaybutasthebirthofChristviacaesareansectionbyVirginMaryTheotokos.

JesusbirthbythecaesareansectionleftitsimprintnotonlyintheliturgicaltextsoftheOrthodoxChurch.Thiseventwasmuchtalkedaboutin theMiddle Ages and spawned amultitude of views, theories andmyths. The first thing that should be noted is the claim of the orthodoxdoctrine, that Theotokos (the Birthgiver) REMAINEDA VIRGIN AFTERCHRISTS BIRTH. These words are directly present in the Orthodoxsacredworship,seeabove.Besides,thisthemeisindetaildiscussedinsocalledApocrypha.

Toclarify,prior to theXVIIcenturytherewerea lotofvariouspiecesofwritingsaboutChrist. In theXVIIcenturyanewregimeprohibitedthemanddeclaredthemtobeapocryphal.AtthesametimemanyofthemwereconsideredcanonicalenoughworksevenintheXVIcentury.Theyformedpartoftheauthoritativecanonicalbooks,werecopiedinthemonasteriesalongwiththefourcanonicalGospels,creationoftheholyfathersandChristiancatechisms.Oneofthewaysofdisparagingtheinconvenient texts intheXVIIcenturywasthefollowing: theystartedtonamesomeoftheirritatingsourcesGospels(althoughtheywerenotcalledthatintheChurchSlavonictradition).ForexampletheybegantocalltheworksattributedtoThomastheApostle GospelaccordingtoThomas.The idea isclear.Thereformistswereachievingthefollowinggoal:intheChristianworlditwaswellknownthatinoneoftheEcumenicalCouncilsthefourcanonicalGospels,deemedappropriateforworship,wereselected.TheGospelswerethetextsthatoughttobereadinthechurch.And,clearly,theyoughttobeofficiallyapproved.Inthissenseallthe otherGospelswere renouncedBut it didntmean that theywere rejected entirely. They could remain as so called reference books. Theycouldbekeptathomeandcopied.Butcunningreformists,byattachingthenameGospeltoanyoldtextwhichdispleasedthem,automaticallylabelledthemasincorrect,forbiddenGospels.

Letsrefer tosocalled InfancyGospelofThomas : And found(JosephAth.)acave thereAndappeared thenewborn,emergedandtook breast of hismotherMary. And exclaimed and oldwomanand she came out of the cave andmet Salome, and said to her: Salome,Salome,IwouldliketotellyouaboutaMIRACLE:AVIRGINGAVEBIRTHANDKEPTHERVIRGINITY.[307],p.217.

HereisanothertextcalledGospelofPseudoMatthew.AndwhenZelomaapproachedMaryshecriedoutloudly:Ihaveneverthoughtorheard of anything like this: Her breast is full of milk and She has a baby boy, thoug

Anatoly Fomenko - How It Was in Reality

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