Analyzing Redundancy in Bridge Deck Superstructures Using Finite Element Modeling By Whitney Hill Mentor: Dr. William McCarthy Preview Introduction Computer Methods Methods Results Conclusions Introduction Redundancy in Bridges Definition Reasons for Redundancy Diaphragms Introduction Purpose Previous Research on Redundant Systems Cost Examples of Non- Redundant Systems Mianus River Bridge Hoan Bridge in Milwaukee, Wisconsin Silver Bridge in Ohio Hoan Bridge Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Before and after failure Finite Element Modeling Risa 2D Two Dimensional Computer Program Sap 2000 Three Dimensional Computer Program Computer Methods Part 1: Models of the bridges are tested using Risa 2D Part 2: The best representative model(s) are analyzed in Risa 2D Part 3: A model similar to the best representative model found in Part 2 is done tested in Sap 2000 Project Parts Methods Part 1 Working with Risa 2D Horizontal Bracing Cross Bracing Loads Reasons Examples of Models M2 Examples of Models M2 Methods Part 2 Analysis Testing Results Output Methods Part 3 Sap 2000 Results Member Forces Horizontally Braced M2M2 Results Member Forces Cross Braced M2M2 Results Joint Reactions Horizontally Braced Cross Braced Results Member Forces Horizontally Braced Member Label Axial (kip) Shear (kip) Moment (kip*ft) M Results Member Forces Cross Braced Member Label Axial (kip) Shear (kip) Moment (kip*ft) M Results Deflected Shape Results Deflected Shape Conclusion Horizontally versus Cross Braced A horizontally braced frame has a more uniform load distribution than a cross braced frame. Future Work Continuing with Sap 2000 References Barker, Richard M. and Jay A. Puckett. Design of Highway Bridges. New York. Wiley- Interscience Publication Summary of Hoan Bridge Failure Investigation and Retrofit. Lichtenstein Consulting Engineers. 04/05/07.http://www.lce.us/Hoan/summary.htm Daniel Webster Hoan Bridge. Lichtenstein Consulting Engineers. 04/05/07. Questions? Or Comments?