• Analyze • Detect • Measure • Control™

Orion 1816DOInstruction Manual

ORION 1816DOPure Water Dissolved Oxgen Monitor

sampleppm

ppb

error

electrode stable

calcal enterenter samplesample

errorerror cancelcancel selectselect

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© Copyright 2006, Thermo Electron Corporation. All rights reserved. Question everything, and Analyze.Detect.Measure.Control are trademarks of Thermo Electron Corporation.

The specifications, descriptions, drawings, ordering information and part numbers within this document are subject to change without notice.

This publication supersedes all previous publications on this subject.

1

CONTENTS

General InformationIntroductionPrinciples of MeasurementPrinciples of CalibrationSample RequirementsDescription of Model 1816DO Monitor

Instrument PreparationUnpacking InstrumentMounting, Plumbing, and Wiring of MonitorFlowcell MountingAssembly of the Dissolved Oxygen SensorInserting the Sensor into the Flowcell

Instrument OperationDescription of Basic Unit ControlsMenu DisplayStart-Up and Normal Instrument OperationInitial Instrument Set-UpMoving Around in the MenuArrow KeysEdit ModeInput On/Off SwitchMetric or Imperial UnitsError MessagesShutdown and Start-up ProcedureStandby Mode

OutputsDual Output SignalsWiring and CalibrationOutput Span AdjustmentOutput #1 Automatic Range SwitchingRemote Indication of RangeUnit SelectionTesting With Simulated 4 to 20 mA Output

AlarmsWiring and NO/NC ContactsUse of Alarm ContactsUnit SelectionUsing Alarms for On/Off Control

Serial CommunicationsWiring and Enabling

CalibrationRemoval of the Dissolved Oxygen SensorCalibration ProcedureInserting the Sensor into the FlowcellOutput HoldZero Test TechniqueTemperature CompensationSelecting Manual Temperature CompensationBarometric Pressure CompensationRange - Automatic or ManualManual RangingDisplayed Range

SecurityAccess LevelsEnabling SecurityEntering a Password

Instrument MaintenanceWeekly MaintenanceMonthly MaintenanceYearly MaintenanceAssembly of the Dissolved Oxygen SensorRe-Inserting the Sensor into the FlowcellRecommended Supplies

TroubleshootingError Messages for Dissolved Oxygen InputElectronic HardwareCalibration of 4 to 20 mA Outputs

Repair and Service

Notice of Compliance

Ordering Information

Appendix A - Default Settings

Appendix B - Saturated DO Values

Appendix C - Display Prompts

Appendix D - Resetting Computer

Appendix E - Unit Conversion

DrawingsWiring DiagramMounting Dimensions

SPECIFICATIONS

223445

667788

991012121213131414151616

1717171719192020

2121212123

2425

262626272727272828292929

30303031

32323232333333

34343637

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

464647

48

2

GENERAL INFORMATION

Introduction

Dissolved Oxygen is a measure of the amount of oxygen,usually thought of as a gas, that is dissolved in a liquidsuch as water. Oxygen is essential to life and is the mostcommon element found taking part in corrosion reactions.It is this corrosion reaction that provides the main need forthe 1816DO Dissolved Oxygen Analyzer, which is designedto run normally at trace part per billion (ppb) levels.

Mechanically hard and porous metal oxide deposits havelittle strength and form rapidly in the presence of water andoxygen. Rapid corrosion will occur inside an industrialutility boiler system unless dissolved oxygen can be virtuallyeliminated. Corrosion results in expensive repairs orequipment failures and subsequent replacement.

The 1816DO is designed to monitor continuously theoxygen in steam and water circuits. The operating range of0 ppb to 10 ppm allows monitoring of leaks fromcondensors, valves and fittings, plus very low levelprecision to clearly show the performance of oxygenremoval equipment and chemical scavengers. Designconsiderations also include an easy-to-use, simple andaccurate calibration approach, and capability tocommunicate with DCS systems and evolving technology.

FIGURE 1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SAMPLE FLOW

Note: Angle mounting is recommended to encourageany bubbles in the sample to rise to the exit and be sweptto drain.

drain

inlet

FIGURE 2 OPTIONAL: DIRTY AND PRESSUREAPPLICATIONS

Note: Additional sample stream components arerecommended where high pressure or entrained solidsmay be encountered. A bypass filter helps to protect theelectrode membrane, extending its lifetime, by bypassingsome rust and other solids to drain.

flowmeter

bypass valve

flow valve

pressure reducing valve

bypass filter

inlet valve

drain

3

Principles of Measurement

The 1816DO trace dissolved oxygen monitor measuringsensor is an electrochemical cell similar to a battery thatproduces a current when oxygen is present. By usingcarefully selected electrodes, in contact with an appropriateelectrolyte, a chemical reaction occurs that uses electronsgained from oxygen modules to produce a galvanic currentdirectly proportional to the concentration of oxygen present.Also, unlike an electrolytic cell in which a flow of currentproduces the chemical reaction, there is no zero-current asgalvanic current naturally is zero when zero oxygen ispresent. This is a big advantage for trace ppb level operation.

The 1816DO uses a galvanic cell separated from thesample by an oxygen permeable PTFE membrane. Thecell has a silver cathode in close contact with the PTFEmembrane where oxygen gains electrons (is reduced) tobecome hydroxyl ions, and a lead anode that produces afixed potential regardless of oxygen concentration, tocomplete the circuit.

The chemical reactions within the cell are:

At the cathode: O2 + 2H2O + 4e-At the anode: 2Pb = 2Pb2 + 4e-Overall: O2 + 2H2O + 2Pb = 2Pb2OH.

The advanced electrode design permits fast and accuratemeasurements on both rising and falling dissolved oxygen.

FIGURE 3 GALVANIC DISSOLVED OXYGEN SENSOR

silver cathode

teflon membrane

lead anode

KOH fill solution

sensor bodyinsulator

FIGURE 4 BASIC GALVANIC CELL

voltometer

silver cathodeO2 + 2H2O + 4e- -> 4OH-

lead anodePb -> Pb2 + 2e-

electrolyte solution

4

Principles of Calibration

At any given temperature and barometric pressure thepartial pressure of oxygen in water-saturated air is exactlythe same as it is in air-saturated water. Thus a sensor canbe calibrated in water-saturated air, using the 20.9%oxygen available in air as the full-scale standard, and it willcorrectly read dissolved oxygen in water samples. Bothtemperature and barometric pressure affect the partialpressure of oxygen in air saturated with water vapor. The1816DO has microprocessor memory programmed with allthe values, plus automatic temperature sensor, so it canautomatically obtain the correct data, look up the dissolvedoxygen table, compute the correct gain, and calibrate theanalyzer. The operator need only remove the cell andsuspend it over a beaker of water. This calibrationtechnique will give a 100% saturation reading for thetemperature and pressure which the 1816DO will display asppm dissolved oxygen.

To calibrate the sensor, simply suspend the probe abovewater and let the analyzer auto calibrate.

Sample Requirements

The Orion ppb dissolved oxygen sensor has been designedto give fast stable readings at low levels of dissolvedoxygen. It is able to return to service quickly after sampleinterruptions, such as encountered on swing service units.

Sample inlet connection - recommended sample deliverytubing is 316SS with quality tube fittings to eliminatediffusion of oxygen through the sample system tube wallsand leaks at fittings.

Upstream sample system components should have as few components and/or chambers as possible to limit dissolved oxygen hideout locations with accompanying long rinsedown times. However, if the sample will contain rust, etc.,or hydrocarbons, a filter should be installed upstream of thesensor to protect the membrane from puncture or plugging,and to prolong life. See Figure 2.

Flow rate100-200 mL/min recommended, with minimum of 50mL/min. Lower sample flows will result in slower responseto ppb dissolved oxygen changes.

TemperatureSample should be cooled to between 10 and 35 οC,maximum 45 οC, minimum + 1 οC.

PressureShould be low, as the flowcell effluent should discharge toatmospheric drain. Sample supply at 5 to 15 PSIG workswell and with 100 to 200 ml/min flow the sensor exhibits noresponse to flow changes. With low supply pressure, thelarge nut on the flowcell can be hand tightened to providean airtight seal.

5

Description of Orion 1816DO Monitor

Numbers in the description refer to Figure 5.

Dissolved oxygen sensor and lead (1)Senses ppb oxygen in sample stream and produces acurrent dependent on sample concentrations. Equippedwith attached 10 ft. cable. Contact Thermo ElectronCorporation for customized cable lengths up to 30 feet.

Stainless steel sensor housing (2) Provides total shielding for stable low-level ppb signalsincluded with each electrode.

Hand seal gland nut (3)Provides easy removal of sensor and pressure seal.

Stainless steel flow cell (4)Contains dissolved oxygen sensor and close contactsample flow paths.

30-Degree angle mounting bracket (5)Securely mounts flowcell at 30 degrees to easily let bubbles pass.

O-Ring seal (6)Inlet fitting, special 1/4” tube fitting to provide oxygen-tightinlet seal.

Ground/shield lead (7)Ensures no electrical potential from static which wouldaffect low ppb-level readings.

1816DO Dissolved Oxygen Monitor electronics (8) Handles all signal manipulation and results.

LED display (9)Provides digital readout of concentration, temperature, errorcodes, etc.

Keypad (10)Consists of scroll keys; mode keys; sample, cal, and error;ppm/ppb units, error indicator, and electrode stable LED’sare also incorporated.

Hazardous Voltage InsideDisconnect before opening

Warning!

ORION 1816DOPure Water Dissolved Oxgen Monitor

sample

ppm

ppb

error

electrode stable

cal

errorcancel select

sampleenter

FIGURE 5 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN MONITOR

1

2

3

4

7

6

5

8

9

10

6

INSTRUMENT PREPARATION

Unpacking Instrument

Report any obvious damage of shipping container to carrierand hold for inspection. The carrier (not Thermo Electron)is responsible for any damage incurred during shipment.

1. Open outer box and instrument manual.2. Remove bag containing 5 lead clamps.3. Lift out 1816DO monitor and carefully place in a

convenient location.4. Lift out flowcell box and module and fill solution box.

Place with monitor. Retain module box to store membrane module should monitor be shutdown for more than 24 hours.

5. Lift out sensor assembly box, and carefully place with monitor.

Manual

FIGURE 6 UNPACKING ORION 1816DO

7

Mounting, Plumbing, and Wiring of Monitor

Nominal input power for the 1816DO microprocessoranalyzer is 115 VAC ±10%, single phase 50/60 Hz. Powerconnections are made at TB400. See Figure 7. Three-wiregrounded power must be used, with the third wireconnected to a good earth ground. If this groundconnection is not made, published instrument specificationsmay no be achieved.

There are five 0.5 inch conduit entrances in the bottom ofthe instrument enclosure. Recommended use: line powerright-hand entrance, alarm wiring right center entrance,RS232 wiring left hand entrance, sensor wiring left centerentrance, 4 to 20 mA wiring middle entrance. All conduitconnections should be gasketed and sealed to maintainenvironmental integrity within the instrument enclosure.

The basic wiring scheme for all Orion sensors is shown inFigure 8. This wiring scheme is intended for cable runsless than 3 meters (10 feet) where electrical interference is expected not to be severe. The sensor at 1 ppb dissolved oxygen produces less than 1 microamp. It is recommendedthat the sensor be located as near as possible to thedissolved oxygen transmitter to minimize any effects ofambient electrical noise interference. All long low-levelsensor signals should be run through a dedicated conduit.Take care to route signal wiring away from AC power lines,to minimize unwanted electrical interference.

For alarm, RS232, or output wiring see the alarm, serialcommunications, or output section.

FIGURE 7 POWER WIRING

- TEMP

+ TEMP

DO +

DO SHIELD

DO -

(RED)

(WHITE)

(COM CTR)

(GRN)

(COM SHD)

TB200

TB201

FIGURE 8 SENSOR WIRING

Flowcell Mounting

1. There are mounting screws on the bottom of the cell.2. Arrange the cell for up-flow to the inlet at the bottom,

with the cell at an angle of 15 to 45 degrees from vertical. This upflow arrangement will encourage entrained bubbles in the sample flow to pass through the sample system with minimum dissolved oxygen upset. Allow 8 to 12 inches clearance above the flowcell nut for sensor removal. Ensure the O-ring sealfitting at the cell inlet is fully sealed and no oxygen in leakage is occurring.

Note: Overtightening this fitting may deform seal, causingair leaks and erratic readings.

Hook up the sensor to cell grounding wire for best staticinterference resistance, gives good stable low ppb level dissolved oxygen readings.

8

Assembly of the Dissolved Oxygen Sensor

This procedure should be done over a sink. Wear thinplastic or rubber gloves as the electrolyte is a causticsolution. Wash hands thoroughly with lots of water if theelectrolyte comes in contact with the skin. Rinse until theslippery feel of the caustic disappears.

1. Remove the protective cap exposing the coils and silver tip. Inspect the electrode to ensure the coils are clean and the silver electrodes are bright and nottarnished. If tarnished, wipe in the direction of the coilswith Kimwipe.

Note: Ensure brown sealing ‘O’-ring is seated in electrode groove.

2. Install a membrane module in the cap with the membrane facing down so that it covers the center hole in the cap.

3. Flush the coils of the electrode with electrolyte solution.Then holding the electrode cap with membrane moduleinstalled, in an upright position, fill with electrolyte until the center cavity is full. Tilt at about 30° and add an extra 1/8 inch of electrolyte, observing that the crack around the membrane module fills with electrolyte.

4. Hold the cap like a cup, and slowly lower the electrode coils vertically down into the cap until the threads touch. Rotate the sensor body until you can see the flat area through the threads. Slowly rotate the cap on,allowing the excess electrolyte and bubbles to overflowup the flat. Continue to slowly rotate the cap until a firm stop is reached.

Warning: Do not force the cap beyond the stop. The partsare plastic and may break.

5. Dry the sensor and blot the tip. Examine the tip - the membrane should be smooth with no wrinkles or cuts and the surface contours of the silver electrode should be clear. There should be no lines from trapped bubbles between the membrane and the silver electrode. If there are no visible problems as described here, then the sensor is ready to be put into service.

Inserting the Sensor into the Flowcell

1. Inspect the inside of the flowcell for any foreign matter and wipe out if necessary. It should appear clean, shiny and bright.

2. Insert the assembled sensor through the nut and seal ring. Rock back and forth to pass the ring.

3. Press slowly all the way down until the sensor firmly contacts the flowcell bottom.

4. By hand, tighten the nut firmly to get a good seal. This should be good for 5 to 10 psig.

Warning: Do not use a large wrench to tighten the nut. Theplastic parts of the sensor could be broken or deformed.

Note: The flowcell is not intended for use at high pressure. The Teflon seal ring is not a tubing ferrule designed to holdagainst pressure.

FIGURE 9 SENSOR AND SAMPLE SYSTEM

atmospheric waste

mounting screws

inlet 50-250 ml/min

ground lead

9

INSTRUMENT OPERATION

Description of Basic Unit Controls

LCD display - Displays four-and-one-half digit andplus/minus sign used to read dissolved oxygenconcentration, temperature, error messages, as well as theentire menu used to control the monitor.

ppm LED - indicates that the sample is being displayed on the LCD, and that the units of the measurement are in partsper million dissolved oxygen.

ppb LED - indicates that the sample is being displayed on the LCD, and that the units of the measurement are in partsper billion dissolved oxygen.

Error LED - When the error LED is lit, it indicates that an error or alarm condition has been detected. Use the errorkey to list errors.

Electrode stable LED - When lit, indicates that thedissolved oxygen input is stable (i.e., has not changed bymore than 2% over the last 60 seconds).

Up and Down arrow keys - Moves up and down in the menu. In edit mode, adjusts blinking digit or selects an itemfrom the list. Refer to description of edit mode.

Cancel/left arrow key - Moves left in the menu. In editmode, moves left one digit or cancels edit. Refer todescription of edit mode.

Select/right arrow key - Moves right in the menu. In editmode, moves right one digit. Refer to description of edit mode.

Enter key - Enters edit mode when displaying an editablevalue. In edit mode, accepts the displayed setting. Referto description of edit mode.

Sample key - From anywhere in the menu, press the sample key to return to displaying the dissolved oxygenmeasurement.

Cal key - From anywhere in the menu, starts the 1816DO monitor into calibration mode.

Error key - If error LED is lit, then pressing the errorkey causes the LCD to display an error code. If noterror condition has been encountered, the LCD willshow [NONE].

Hazardous Voltage InsideDisconnect before opening

Warning!

ORION 1816DOPure Water Dissolved Oxgen Monitor

sample

ppm

ppb

error

electrode stable

cal

errorcancel select

sampleenter

FIGURE 10 FRONT PANEL KEYPAD

10

Menu Display

FIGURE 11 MAIN MENU

d.o.

oC

d.o.

oC

102.5

25.0

display home base

sample

main menu

CAL

EFF 100

cal

calibrate

d.o.

Err

Pr.C 101.3

% efficiency

kPa

SEt

Auto

25.0 oCtc

YES

NOHOLd 15 min timeout if no key pressed

+E1.5 error refer to listing of error and caution messages

in

unit

ArnG

ppb

1E-6

ppb

ppmavailable units depend on type of input selected

out1

out2out

on

OFFON.OF

1000

0

12.02cur

LO

HI

YES

noArnG *

mA

turn automatic switching range on/off

1*rnG range number for automatic range switching

CONF

SEr

AL

PASS 0000*

YES

noStbY

see alarm menu

see serial menu

see configuration menu

* accessible only when function is activated

11

ON.OF

bAud

1200

2400

4800

9600

SEr

on

OFF

FIGURE 13 SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS MENU

init

ALAL.A

AL.b

CONF

ALL do

NO.NCOPEN

CLSd

YES

noAUtO

rNG.1

rNG.2

rNG.3

rNG.4

rANGd.o.

2.515VDC

on

OFFON.OF

CAL 22.3

0.0OFFS

oC

in

4-20

0-20

1-5

0-5

out

oC

oFunit

000PAS.1

0000PAS.2

VDC

calibrate,oC

offset, oC

metric or imperial unit selection

selectable only if security enabled

out1

out2

FIGURE 14 CONFIGURATION MENU

on

OFF

LO

HI

dEv

FLt

Func

ArnG

d.o.

oCin

ppb

1E-6unit

AL.A

AL.bAL

on

OFFON.OF

10

100

diFF

100SEt

dEV

*

*

* Accessible only when function is activated.

ppbppm

available units depend ontype of input selected

list of available inputs

use alarm contacts for automatic range concentration

*

FIGURE 12 ALARM MENU

12

Start-Up and Normal Instrument Operation

1. Install the Orion 1816DO Monitor according to the instructions in INSTRUMENT PREPARATION. Verify power supply has been wired for proper voltage and instrument is suitably grounded.

2. Turn on flow at sample inlet. 3. Power up the 1816DO Monitor.4. The startup procedure will begin by alternately flashing

[tESt] and [- -] while performing the memory tests.5. The analyzer will display in sequence the analyzer

number, in this case [1816], and the program version number, e.g. P1.10.

6. The display test lights each of the implemented display segments in turn. At the same time, each of the LEDs will be lighted in turn.

7. If the analyzer passes all the tests, then the hardware is functioning properly, and the analyzer will proceed todisplay dissolved oxygen.

8. If the analyzer displays +Err, this indicates that the dissolved oxygen input is offscale. The error LED will be lighted as long as either the dissolved oxygen or thetemperature input is off-scale. An off-scale error can indicate that a sensor is not in solution, is off-scale, or is not connected properly. If the error LED remains lighted, then press the Error key to see what errors have been detected by the analyzer.

9. After completing the above steps, the monitor is now innormal operational mode. Analyzer settings and parameters can be viewed and/or changed at any time using the keypad. Refer to the menus starting with Figure 11. The areas shaded in dark gray indicate program settings which can be changed by the user. Menu areas shaded in light gray are view-only menus.

Initial Instrument Set-Up

Refer to Appendix A for a listing of factory default settingsused by the analyzer. Before putting the monitor into operation, verify the monitor’s settings to ensure that theyagree with the intended set-up. For a more detaileddescription of any setting, refer to the appropriate sectionof this instruction manual.

1. Change defaults for the alarms. Set alarm function (high, low, deviation, fault alarm) input (D.O., temperature), differential, setpoint, and on/off switch. Set the normally open/normally closed configuration of the alarm contacts in [CONF] [AL]. The program setting must reflect the actual NO/NC wiring.

2. Change defaults for the outputs. Set input (D.O., temperature), high limit, low limit, and on/off switch. Each output can be calibrated for 4-20 mA, 0-20 mA, 1-5 VDC, or 0-5 VDC.

3. Set preferences for metric or imperial units in [CONF] [unit].

4. If desired, install password security.

Moving Around in the Menu

The layout of the program is shown in the menus found inFigure 11 and the following.

The analyzer remembers where home base is. Itremembers which areas of the menus you used last, andit will loop around columns in the menu for you. You canexplore the menu with the arrow keys to find any capabilityand simply press SAMPLE to return to home base.Then use the Right arrow key to return to exactly whereyou were.

Home Base - Press SampleThe SAMPLE key’s function is to provide a knownstarting point displaying the home sample or home input.The SAMPLE key is usable from anywhere in the menu.

The dissolved oxygen display is the default home basedisplay for the analyzer. The analyzer’s inputs, dissolvedoxygen and temperature, are arranged underneath eachother at the left-hand side of the menu. Use the Up orDown arrow key to display each of the readings in turn.

From anywhere in the menu the SAMPLE key can be usedto return to the dissolved oxygen or home sample display.The program will safely abort whatever it was doing at thetime and return to display the dissolved oxygen sample.

d.o.

oC

2.7

25.0

home base

sample

FIGURE 15 HOME BASE

13

Features1. The analyzer has a built-in timer which returns the

program to displaying the home base if no key has been pressed for 15 minutes. This time-out has the same effect as pressing the SAMPLE key. If security has been enabled, as well, the timeout will change the access level back to 0 or 1 automatically, which gives the user read-only access. The user will have to enter an appropriate password to go to a higher access level.If output hold for dissolved oxygen is in effect, the same timer will release the output hold.

2. When displaying the home base, you can press Left to show which of the samples is displayed. Pressing Right displays the same sample again.

3. If the temperature input does not show up in the menu and cannot be selected, then it has been turned off in the configuration step. Each input can be turned off and thereby effectively ‘disappear’ from the menu if it isturned off in the configuration menu.

Arrow Keys

The four arrow keys on the keypad are used to movearound the menu. The same keys can have other functionsas well, e.g., see Edit Mode, but when moving from frameto frame in the menu these keys work as expected.

Example:Press SAMPLE to make sure that you are at home base.Press the Right arrow key. One of the prompts in the column starting with [out] will be displayed. Use the Up orDown arrow keys to display the prompt above or below. If the prompt at the top or the bottom is displayed the program will loop around. Press the Up or Down key until[AL] is displayed. Press the Left key to return to the dissolved oxygen display. Press the Right key again and[AL] will be displayed.

Edit Mode

Edit mode is used to change a numeric value or to selectbetween different options. The values and settings whichcan be edited are identified by the darker shading in themenus. Any frame which has a white background cannotbe modified by going into edit mode, but can be viewed.

Editing by Selecting a SettingExamples of selecting a value are on/off settings andswitching between different alarm types. Editing a value islike picking an option from a list. You can see only one itemon the list at a time.

Example:Turn alarm A off. From the menu select [AL] [AL.A][ON.OF]. The analyzer will now display either [ON] or[OFF], which are the two choices. To change the setting,press ENTER to go into edit mode. The display will startblinking. Use the up or down arrow key to switch betweenthe possible options, which in this case are [ON] and [OFF].When [OFF] is displayed, press ENTER again to acceptthe new setting and leave edit mode.

Editing a Numeric ValueNumeric values such as an alarm setpoint are adjusted bygoing into edit mode and then adjusting each digit until thenew value is displayed. Use the left and right arrow keys tomove between digits and use the up and down arrow keysto adjust each digit.

When you press ENTER to go into edit mode two things willhappen. First, the last digit will start blinking to show thatthis digit can be changed. Second, any blank spaces willchange to zeros and a plus or minus sign will appear. Noweach digit can be accessed. Change between positive andnegative numbers by switching between plus and minussign using the up or down arrow key when the plus/minussegment is blinking.

Press ENTER again to leave edit mode. Now before thenew value is changed, the analyzer will check the newvalue to make sure that it is within range. If the new valueis lower than the lowest value allowed for that frame, thenthe analyzer will use the lowest allowable value instead ofthe new value you have entered. Likewise if the new valueyou entered is higher than allowable, then the highestallowable value is used instead. The analyzer will displaywhatever value it has stored in memory.

Example:Change the alarm A setpoint from 10 to 20. From themenu select [AL] [AL.A] [Set]. The current setpoint (e.g.,[10]) will be displayed. Press ENTER to enter edit mode.The display will change to [+0010] and the last digit willstart blinking. Press CANCEL to move left one digit. Thesecond digit from the end will now be blinking. Press theup arrow key to change the ‘1’ to ‘2’. Press ENTER againand the display will change from [+0020] to [20] indicatingthat the new value has been stored in memory. The alarmA setpoint has now been changed from 10 to 20. Pressthe left arrow key to display [Set], [AL.A] etc.

14

Summary of Key Functions in Edit Mode

Enters edit mode. The entire display or a singledigit will blink to indicate that the analyzer is inedit mode. Press the Enter key again to leaveedit mode and accept the new value.

Adjusts blinking digit upward or selects the previous item from the list. If a ‘9’ is displayedthen the digit will loop around to show ‘0’.

Adjusts blinking digit downward or selects thenext item from the list. If a ‘0’ is displayed thenthe digit will loop around to show ‘9’.

Numeric Values only: move to the right onedigit. If blinking is already at last digit, displaywill loop to the ± sign on the left.

Numeric Values: move left one digit. If blinking is at the ± sign, then blinking goes to the last character.Settings: Otherwise leave edit mode without doing anything.

Input On/Off Switch

The temperature input has been provided with an on/offswitch. The most common use of this feature is to ‘turn off’the temperature input if no temperature compensator ortemperature sensor has been installed. Turning off an inputwill make the temperature [οC] display at the left side of themenu disappear, as if it did not exist.

Refer to Figure 14 for the configuration menu.

Metric or Imperial Units

By default the analyzer will use metric units. This meansthat temperature will be displayed using degrees Celsiusand that the prompt for the temperature input will be [οC].Using metric units, the pressure is displayed as kPa. Theanalyzer can also be made to use imperial units. Usingimperial units, temperature will be displayed using degreesFahrenheit and the prompt for the first temperature inputwill be οF instead of οC. Pressure will be displayed as PSIthroughout the program.

For practical reasons, the temperature input is alwaysidentified as οC throughout this instruction manual and inthe menus.

To select imperial units for the analyzer, select [unit] fromthe configuration menu, then go into edit mode and changethe [οC] prompt to [οF]. Since this is a global setting, boththe units used for temperature and for pressure will change.

error

select

cancel

15

Error Messages

To display errors detected by the analyzer, select [Err] fromthe main menu. If there are no error messages, [NONE]will be displayed; otherwise scroll through the error listusing the Up and Down arrow keys.

Error messages are numbered. Errors are identified as[En.e] where n is the input number and e is the error number. For example, E1.1 is error 1 for the dissolved oxygen input.

Off-scale errors are not numbered and are identified as[+Err] and [-Err], depending on whether the input is at thetop or the bottom of the scale. The off-scale error is displayed instead of the sample reading and does not showup in the error menu with the numbered error messages, if any.

Errors can be acknowledged but cannot be removed from this list directly; each error/caution will be removed automatically when appropriate, e.g. errors associated with improper calibration will be cleared after a successful calibration.

The error LED will be on as long as there is an unacknowledged error message or as long as any input is off-scale. Each source of error must be removed oracknowledged before the error LED will go off.

If no electrode or sensor is attached to an input, it may bemost convenient to ‘turn off’ the input. For example, if thereis no temperature input, the temperature display would consistently be off-scale without a resistor across the input terminals, causing the error LED to always remain lighted.

Acknowledging an Error MessageTo turn off the error LED and shut down the external faultalarm contact, the error must be acknowledged. Toacknowledge the error, select [Err] from the main menu orpress the Error key. Us the Up or Down arrow key until theerror message to be acknowledged is displayed.

Errors are displayed with either a ‘+’ or a ‘-’ sign in front.The ‘+’ sign is used to indicate an active or unacknowledged error, the ‘-’ sign indicates an inactive oracknowledged error. Acknowledging the error will changethe sign from ‘+’ to ‘-’. Press ENTER to go into edit mode.The ‘+’ to ‘-’ sign will be flashing. Use the Up or Downarrow key to change the sign, then press ENTER again.

Table IError Codes

Error Code Message

E1.1 Electrode has not stabilized after 5 minutes of calibration

E1.2 Sensor efficiency would be more than 500%. Previous setting retained.

E1.3 Sensor efficiency would be less than 30%. Previous setting retained.

E1.5 Temperature compensator for dissolved oxygen not working.

+Err Reading off scale (high).

- Err Reading off scale (low).

E4.1 Alarm ‘A’ high alarm

E4.2 Alarm ‘A’ low alarm

E4.3 Alarm ‘A’ deviation alarm

E4.4 Alarm ‘A’ fault alarm

E5.1 Alarm ‘B’ high alarm

E5.2 Alarm ‘B’ low alarm

E5.3 Alarm ‘B’ deviation alarm

E5.4 Alarm ‘B’ fault alarm

16

Shutdown and Start-up Procedure

NOTE: If Orion 1816DO monitor will be shut down for morethan 24 hours, it is essential to remove the membrane module in order to maximize lifetime.

1. Remove white electrode cap and membrane module.2. Rinse electrode with pure water and wipe to remove

any trace of internal fill solution.3. Rinse membrane module, carefully blot dry, and store

in original plastic case in which it was shipped.4. Replace white electrode cap. The following steps

should be taken if a loss of sample flow is expected formore than three days. These procedures will prevent possible build-up of oxidation products in the sensor.

Shutdown1. Shut off sample flow prior to the flowcell inlet.2. Shut off drain flowcell to stop oxygen entering.3. Leave power on.4. Keep flowcell full of ppb dissolved oxygen water.5. Since the sensor consumes small quantities of

dissolved oxygen, it will store for months in a sealed flowcell if the power is on or if the cell leads are shorted.

6. If it is necessary to turn the power off, first remove and disassemble the sensor. Rinse internals with pure water, and blot dry. Turn off power. A disassembled sensor stored in a clean dry container has years of shelf life.

Start-Up, if Stored in a Sealed Flowcell1. Open drain valve.2. Open sample inlet valve.3. Read ppb dissolved oxygen.

Start-up, if Stored Disassembled and Dry1. See INSTRUMENT PREPARATION section in

this manual.

Flow OffIf the analyzer is expected not to have flow for time periods less than seventy-two (72) hours, leave the instrument onand either neglect its output or put the analyzer in standbymode. If the time is expected to be greater than seventy-two (72) hours, follow shutdown procedures.

Standby Mode

Standby mode can be selected from the main menu. Instandby mode the alarms will not function and the 4-20 mAoutputs will go to 4.00 mA. When SAMPLE is pressed boththe outputs will show [StbY] instead of the normal inputmeasurement.

The monitor will not resume normal operations until it istaken out of standby mode. While in standby mode theentire menu and all settings are accessible to the operator,as before. None of the settings will take effect until theanalyzer is returned to normal operation.

The standby feature is protected by security level 2.

17

OUTPUTS

Dual Output Signals

Two assignable 4 to 20 mA output channels are provided.The user may configure the analyzer to determine whichinput signal will be transmitted by each 4 to 20 mA outputchannel. Each output channel can be configured to transmit a dissolved oxygen or a temperature signal. Out2can also be used to transmit the range number for out1.

The output channels function independently of each other.Each output channel has a separate on/off switch andadjustable low- and high span adjustments. It is normal, for example, to transmit two dissolved oxygen signals usingboth out1 and out2, with each output using a different set oflow- and high span adjustments. Output settings areselected from the [out] menu.

FIGURE 16 OUTPUT WIRING

Wiring and Calibration

Refer to Figure 16 for wiring instructions for the outputchannels. The factory default is to calibrate the outputs for4-20 mA output. The outputs can also be calibrated for 0-20 mA output. For calibration, refer to Calibration of 4 to20 mA Outputs in the TROUBLESHOOTING section.

0-5 VDC or 1-5 VDC output can be achieved by placing a250 ohm, 1% resistor across the 4 to 20 mA output.

To make the program display of the current output, i.e. [out][out1/2] [cur], agree with the calibrated output, the programconfiguration needs to agree with the hardware calibration.The setting in [CONF] [out] [out1/2] can be changed to 0-5,1-5, 0-20, and 4-20 to agree with the hardware calibrationof the particular output.

Output Span Adjustment

To adjust the output span or output ‘window’, set [LO] to correspond to the low end of the scale or 4 mA output, andset [HI] to correspond to the high end of the scale or 20 mAoutput. The analyzer will automatically scale the outputaccording to the new settings. Practically any combinationof output settings can be set.

FIGURE 17 OUTPUT MENU

d.o.

oCin

ArnG

list of available inputs

ppbppb

1E-6ppm

unit

on

OFFout1

out2out

1000

0

12.02cur

LO

HI

ON.OF

available units depend ontype of input selected

turn automatic rangeswitching on/off

YES

no

mA

ArnG

1rnG range number for automatic range switching

*

*

context sensitive menus* output 1 only

18

Reversing the 4 to 20 mA OutputThe low scale setting will normally be lower than the highscale setting. It is possible to reverse the output or ‘flip thewindow’ by reversing the settings of the low and high scale.

FIGURE 18 OUTPUT WITHOUT RANGE SWITCHING

TYPICAL 4-20 mA OUTPUTWITHOUT AUTOMATIC RANGE SWITCHING

100

% O

UT

PU

T

0TIME

FIGURE 19 OUTPUT WITH RANGE SWITCHING

TYPICAL 4-20 mA OUTPUTWITH AUTOMATIC RANGE SWITCHING

100

% O

UT

PU

T 1

10

0TIME

range 1 2 3 4 5

100

% O

UT

PU

T 2

0

contacts 0 - 0 0 - 1 1 - 0 1 - 1 0 - 0

Example:Define an output window from 0 to 100 pbb dissolvedoxygen with 100 ppb corresponding to 4 mA output and 0ppb corresponding to 20 mA output. Set [LO] to 100 andset [HI] to 0.

19

Output #1 Automatic Range Switching

Automatic range switching greatly enhances the resolutioncapability of the 4-20 mA output. A typical application wouldtrack the dissolved oxygen input from 0 to 20000 ppb. Assoon as the level drops below about 1000 ppb, a typicalrecorder would be able to show very little resolution. Figure18 shows typical recorder output. The alternative of havingan operator change the scale adjustment is impractical inmost cases.

Automatic range switching will automatically expand thespan adjustment by a factor of 10 each time the outputlevel is within the bottom 10 per cent of the scale. Withautomatic range switching in effect for out1 the output willadjust automatically over 5 ranges, moving from range 1which is 100% of full scale through range 4 which is 10%of full scale ro range 5 which is 0.01% of full scale. Fordissolved oxygen, this means that with full scale settingof 20 ppm, the output will automatically switch downthrough the different ranges to range 5 which represents0 to 2.0 ppb.

While automatic range switching is most practical for thedissolved oxygen input, the concept will work for the temperature input as well.

A hysteresis is built into the output logic to avoid havingthe output switch between ranges too frequently, therebypainting the chart recorder. The output will stay on thecurrent range if the output level is between 9.5 and 100%of the current scale. The output will not switch downscaleor to the next highest range number until the outputreaches 9.5% of the current scale. The output will switchupscale again when the output reaches 100% of the current scale.

Enabling Automatic Range SwitchingOnly out1 has automatic range switching available. Fromthe menu select [out] [out] [ArnG], then edit the setting toshow [YES]. A common setting for [LO] is 0, which is thelowest possible value for the DO input. Set the [HI] valueto the full scale value for range 1. The [unit] selection forDO should be [1E-6] which represents ppm.

With automatic range switching for output1 enabled, youcan tell at the analyzer which range output1 is on byselecting [out] [out1] [rnG] from the menu. This frame givesa live update of the range number. The [rnG] frame canonly be selected from the menu if [ArnG] is set to [YES].

Example of Range Switching for D.O. InputFigure 19 shows the effect of adding range switching tothe first 4-20 mA output. The first graph shows the DOlevel coming down after a calibration, but has virtually noresolution at the operating level. The second graph showsthe 4-20 staying with 10 to 100% of scale by automaticallyswitching between ranges. Only on the last range, range 5,is the output of the 4-20 allowed to go below 10% of scale.

To achieve results similar to those in the graph, use thefollowing settings. For output 1 [in] = [d.o.], [ON.OF] = [on],[unit] = [1E-6] (for ppm), [HI] = 2-, [LO] = 0, [ArnG] = [YES].For output 2 [ in] = [ArnG], [ON.OF] = [on], [LO] = 1, [HI] =5. To use the alarm contacts for range indication, set [AL][ArnG] to [on].

Table 1 summarizes the results for these settings.

Remote Indication of Range

Once output 1 is set to switch between rangesautomatically, you need to be able to indicate to arecorder or a digital control system which range numberoutput 1 is on. This task can be accomplished either byusing the alarm contacts or by using the second 4-20 mAoutput. The analyzer will also allow both methods to beused simultaneously.

TABLE 2EXAMPLE OF RANGE SWITCHING FOR DO INPUT

Range number Output 1, % Full Scale Output 1, Scale ppb DO Output 2, mA Relay Contacts

100.0010.001.000.100.01

4.008.00

12.0016.0020.00

200002000200202

A=0, B=0A=0, B=1A=1, B=0A=1, B=1A=0, B=0

12345

20

Using the Relay ContactsThe alarm contact method uses the two alarm contacts todistinguish between ranges. With two contacts there arefour possible combinations. Ranges 1 and 5 use the samecombination. This duplication of codes should not presenta problem. First of all, the input may never get down thisfar and secondly, the operator should be able todistinguish between ranges 1 and 5 after output1 has gonethrough ranges 2, 3, and 4. The on/off combinations for theA and B contacts are shown in Table 1.

Set the alarm contacts for range indication by selecting [AL][ArnG] from the menu, then editing the setting to show [on].While the alarm contacts are being used for remote rangeindication of output1, the alarms will continue to functionas normal, i.e. LED indication and alarm type display inSAMPLE frame will continue. It is not possible to use analarm contact for alarm indication and range indicationat the same time. Also note that while the alarmcontacts are being used for range indication, the normallyopen/ normally closed configuration will be observed.See Figure 14.

Using the Second 4-20 mA OutputA more versatile method for indicating the range number foroutput1 remotely is to use output2. The following settingsfor output2 will transmit the range number: [in] = [ArnG],[ON.OF] = [on]. Also set the [HI] and [LO] parameters toindicate which values represent 4.00 and 20.00 mA.

Unit Selection

The output module will be using different units for its highand low settings, depending on the input selected. Select[unit] from the output menu to display the units in use forthis output.

The temperature input will use different units dependingon whether metric or imperial units are selected -Celsiusunits for metric and Fahrenheit units for imperial units.The choice between metric or imperial units is made in theconfiguration menu. See Figure 14.

The DO input allows the user to select between ppm andppb units. Edit the unit setting to choose the desired unitsfor the HI and LO settings.

Testing With Simulated 4 to 20 mA Output

Select [cur] from the output menu to display the signalcurrently transmitted by the output channel. The signalis displayed in mA. The display will be updated as theoutput signal changes based on the input signal and theoutput settings.

To simulate a different 4 to 20 mA output signal pressENTER to enter edit mode. Use the Up or Down key todisplay the desired signal needed for testing the outputsignal. Press ENTER to have the displayed value takeeffect. The output signal will change to transmit thedisplayed value. This process can be repeated as oftenas necessary.

The output signal is held at the displayed level until theprogram leaves this part of the menu.

Troubleshooting and ServicingSee also the Troubleshooting, ElectronicHardware Alignment section for troubleshooting andservicing procedures.

TABLE 3USING SECOND 4-20 mA FOR RANGE INDICATION

Range Number LO=0, HI=5 LO=1, HI=5 LO=5, HI=1 LO=5, HI=0

OUT2=OFF12345

4.007.20

10.4013.6016.8020.00

4.004.008.00

12.0016.0020.00

4.0020.0016.0012.008.004.00

4.0020.0016.8013.6010.407.20

21

ALARMS

Two alarms, alarm A and alarm B, are a standard featurefor the 1816DO monitor. Each alarm has an alarm contactassociated with it which can be used for remote alarmindication or for control functions. The two alarms functionindependently of each other. Either alarm can monitor thedissolved oxygen or the temperature input.

Each alarm features an adjustable setpoint, user-selectablealarm type, adjustable differential (also called hysteresis),and an on/off switch. The alarm types which are availableare high, low, deviation, and fault alarm. Alarms can be setanywhere between 0 and 9999 ppb or ppm for the dissolved oxygen input or -5οC and 105οC for thetemperature input. The differential setting is adjustable from0 up to 100 ppb or ppm for dissolved oxygen.

FIGURE 20 ALARM WIRING

Wiring and NO/NC Contacts

Refer to Figure 20 for the alarm wiring diagram.

The alarm contacts for alarms A and B may be wired asnormally open or normally closed. By default the 1816DOmonitor assumes the alarm contacts are wired normallyopen. A normally open alarm contact will be inactive ifthere is no alarm condition and will be active when there isan alarm condition. If the program configuration and thewiring for each alarm do not match then the incorrectlyconfigured alarm contact will generate an alarm when thereis no alarm condition and vice versa.

Refer to Figure 14 for the configuration menu. Select[CONF] [AL] from the menu.

The normally open/normally closed configuration selectedwill remain in effect even when the alarm contacts are usedto indicate the range number for the first 4-20 mA output.

Use of Alarm Contacts

By default the alarm contacts will be used to indicate alarmconditions. If there is an alarm condition for either alarm,then the alarm will be indicated using both the alarm LEDand the alarm contact. This usage of the alarm contacts isselected by setting [AL] [AL.A] to [OFF].

The alarm contacts can also be used for remote indicationof the range number for the first 4-20 mA output. In thiscase the alarms will continue to function. An alarm isindicated using the alarm LED, but not the alarm contact.This usage of the alarm contacts is selected by setting [AL][AL.A] to [on]. Remote range indication is described in thesection describing the 4-20 mA outputs.

Unit Selection

The alarm module will be using different units for itssettings, depending on the input selected. Select [unit] fromthe alarm menu to display the units in use for this alarm.

The DO input allows the user to select between ppm andppb units. Edit the unit setting to choose the desired unitsfor alarm settings.

The temperature input allows the user to select between οCand οF units. Edit the unit setting to choose the desiredunits for alarm settings.

22

High or Low AlarmA high alarm is set when the dissolved oxygen rises abovethe setpoint and is cleared when the dissolved oxygendrops to below the setpoint minus the differential. A lowalarm is set when the dissolved oxygen drops below thesetpoint and is cleared when the dissolved oxygen rises toabove the setpoint plus the differential (see figures below).The differential has the effect of setting the sensitivity ofthe alarm. The differential provides a digital equivalentof a hysteresis.

SETPOINT

differential

time

sam

ple

alarm off

alarm on

FIGURE 21 HIGH ALARM

SETPOINT

alarm on

alarm off

differential

time

sam

ple

FIGURE 22 LOW ALARM

LO

HI

dEv

use alarm contacts for automatic range indication

ppb

ppm

d.o.

oC

AL.A

AL.bAL

100

100dEv

SEt

in

available units depend ontype of input selected

ppb

1E-6unit

10diFF * * accessible only whenfunction is activated

on

OFFArnG

Func

FLt

list of available inputs

on

OFFON.OF

*

*

FIGURE 23 ALARM MENU

23

Deviation AlarmA deviation alarm is practical when the process is expectedto stay within a certain range. An alarm will be set if theinput deviates too far from a setpoint. Please note thatthe [dEv] frame only shows up in the menu after the alarmfunction has been changed to deviation alarm, since itwould have no effect for a high, low or fault alarm.

Example: if the dissolved oxygen is expected to staybetween 100 and 200 ppb, then we would set [in] to [d.o.],[Func] to [dEv], [Set] to 150, and [dEv] to 50. Effectivelywe simultaneously have a high alarm at 200 ppb and a lowalarm at 100 ppb.

The differential setting will continue to function as for highand low alarms.

Fault AlarmA fault alarm for an input will be set when anything goeswrong with that input. Something is wrong with an input ifthe input is off-scale or an unacknowledged error or cautionmessage exists for that input.

To use an alarm as a fault alarm, select [FUNC] from thealarm menu, then select [Flt]. To enable the alarm, makesure the on/off switch is set to [ON].

The setpoint and differential for the alarm have no effectwhen the alarm is used as a fault alarm.

Alarm IndicationIf there is an alarm condition on either alarm A or B, theerror menu will indicate the alarm type using an errornumber. In case of an alarm the error LED on the frontpanel will be lighted. Table 3 lists the error codes used toindicate alarm conditions. In addition, an alarm conditionfor an input will cause the sample display for that input toalternate with the alarm function display, either [LO], [HI],[dEv], or [Flt]. Press SAMPLE, then use the Up or Downkey to display each of the two samples, if necessary.Each sample frame will first display the sample reading,then after two seconds the alarm type for that input, if any.

TABLE 4

ERROR CODES FOR ALARM CONDITIONS

Error Code Meaning

E4.1 Alarm ‘A’ high alarmE4.2 Alarm ‘A’ low alarmE4.3 Alarm ‘A’ deviation alarmE4.4 Alarm ‘A’ fault alarmE5.1 Alarm ‘A’ high alarmE5.2 Alarm ‘A’ low alarmE5.3 Alarm ‘A’ deviation alarmE5.4 Alarm ‘A’ fault alarm

Using Alarms for On/Off Control

The alarms can also be used for process control. Thealarms contracts will then function as on/off signals forswitches controlling a valve, pump, motor, etc. The setpointdetermines the control point of the system and the settingof the differential controls the amount of corrective actionbefore a controlled shut-off occurs.

SETPOINT

differential

timesa

mp

le

control off

control on

FIGURE 24 LOW CONTROL

differential

time

sam

ple

control off

control on

SETPOINT

FIGURE 25 HIGH CONTROL

24

SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS

Serial communications give the analyzer the ability tocommunicate with a communication program running onan IBM compatible personal computer or with any computerwhich is able to capture and process serial data.

No knowledge of data formats is required if acommunications program applied by Orion is used. Thedescription of the data format supplied in this section isneeded only if data sent out by the 1816DO needs to becaptured by a customer’s computing device.

1200

2400

4800

on

OFFON.OF

9600

bAud

SEr

FIGURE 26 SERIAL

FIGURE 27 SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS WIRING

25

Wiring and Enabling

To connect the 1816DO monitor to a serial port, consultFigure 27 for the wiring diagram and component locations.The 1816DO monitor uses 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stopbit. To enable serial transmission by the analyzer, set theserial ON/OFF switch to ON and set the desired baud rate.See Figure 26.

Format of Data FramesAll data transmitted by the analyzer is transferred in theform of frames. A frame is an encapsulation of data whichallows the detection of the end of the message and theaddition of error checking. The end of a frame is detectedby counting the number of data bytes specified in the bytecount field. Application code can optionally test the integrityof the data by calculating the check byte and comparing thecalculated value with that received in the check byte field.

The frame format consists of the following fields. All fieldsexcept for the data field are 8-bit unsigned bytes.

‘:’ STATUS CMD# # BYTES DATA CHECK BYTE

1. Recognizable start character which is the colon2. Status byte. Normally this byte is set to 0. Application

code can choose to either ignore the status byte or discard all frames with a non-zero status.

3. Command number. Determines the meaning of the data in this frame.

4. Byte count. This field specifies the number of bytes in the data field.

5. Data field. The structure of this field is determined by the type of command being sent. Lengths from 0 to 255 bytes are possible.

6. Check byte. The value of the check byte is calculated by a bitwise XOR of all bytes of the transmitted frame from the leading colon to the last data byte.

Command StructuresThe structures of individual commands are explained below,presented in the form of ‘C’ source code. Length in bytesof character is 1, integer is 2, floating point is 4 (IEEEstandard), and long is 4. Additional commands may besent out by the analyzer which are not documented here.

/*command 0: Dissolved Oxygen input */struct cmd_0 {

unsigned int a_to_d; /*internal A/D conv. value */float ppb_do; /*calculated D.O., in ppb*/unsigned int range_number;

/*internal range number of DO input circuit*/}/*command 1:analyzer LCD display*/struct cmd_1 {

char display[8];/*analyzer display,null-terminated string*/

char blink;/*FALSE = display steady,

TRUE = display blinking*/unsigned long pattern;

/*segment-by-segment bit pattern indicating*//*which LCD segments are blinking*/

}/*command 2: calculated values of the input signals

to the analyzer*/struct cmd_2{

float ppb_do;/*value of DO input in ppb*/float degrees_celsius;

/*value of temperature input in degrees C*/}/*command 3:values transmitted by the analyzer

4-20 mA outputs*/struct cmd_3{

float ma_output1;/*value transmitted by first 4-20 mA output*/

float ma_output2;/*value transmitted by second 4-20 mA output*/

}

26

CALIBRATION

Removal of the Dissolved Oxygen Sensor

1. Stop the sample flow to the dissolved oxygen sensor.2. Release the large nut on the top of the flowcell a few

times. It should only be hand tight.3. Gently rock the dissolved oxygen sensor back and

forth to ease the teflon seal back up the compression throat This lets air enter the flowcell and breaks any vacuum that would form.

CAUTION: Removal of the dissolved oxygen sensor froma sealed flowcell will vacuum stretch the thin dissolvedoxygen sensing membrane. Stretching the membrane willcause slow response and higher readings at low ppb levels. Splitting the membrane will cause dissolved oxygensensor failure.

4. Back the large nut off the rest of the threads. This gently lifts the sensor.

5. When the nut is free, slowly remove the sensor, allowing air to enter the flowcell.

6. Turn the nut and seal ring back onto the threads to keep them from getting lost.

FIGURE 28 D.O. SENSOR SETUP FOR CALIBRATION

Calibration Procedure

When executing the calibration procedure the analyzer willadjust the efficiency constant for the DO cell.

1. Obtain atmospheric pressure measurement and enter into the program.

2. Remove sensor from flowcell.3. Take the sensor and suspend it above water.

See Figure 28.4. Press the Cal key. The analyzer will show the

dissolved oxygen reading. The display will be blinking to indicate that the analyzer is calibrating and testing for stability.

NOTE: The calibration is automatic from here on. As soon as the sensor reading has stabilized sufficiently the displaywill stop flashing and the new sensor efficiency constantwill be calculated.

5. When the reading stops blinking, the calibration has been completed. The reading will be displayed using the new calibration value.

6. Press the SAMPLE key to return to normal operation. If this key is not pressed, the analyzer will return to the sample display after the 15 minute timeout.

7. Output hold will be in effect until it is turned off or until no key has been pressed for 15 minutes.

8. After a successful calibration, select [d.o.] [EFF] from the menu to inspect the new calibration value. This value is used internally to determine the analyzer gain.

It is possible to override the automatic operation of the analyzer. The ENTER key may be pressed before the electrode has stabilized, forcing the analyzer to calibrateusing the current dissolved oxygen reading. Also, the calibration may be redone or started over at anytime.Press CANCEL to display the [CAL] frame, then pressSELECT to restart the calibration.

The calibration setting will be based on the temperatureused for temperature compensation and the pressureused for pressure compensation. The proper ppmdissolved oxygen reading is obtained from an internaltable. See Appendix B for a table of values used by the1816DO monitor.

seal nut acts as holder

credit card

beaker

keep 1/4 to 1/2 inch above water

27

Error CheckingIf the analyzer detects a problem during calibration, anerror message will appear. If an error has been detectedthen the calibration was not successful and the previouscalibration has been retained. Press any key toacknowledge the error message. Take corrective actionand redo the calibration. Consult the Troubleshootingsection of the manual for details. Press any key to resumenormal operation after an error message has appeared.

Inserting the Sensor into the Flowcell

1. Inspect the inside of the flowcell for any foreign matter and wipe out if necessary. It should appear clean, shiny and bright.

2. Insert the assembled and calibrated sensor through the nut and seal ring. Rock back and forth to pass the ring.

3. Press slowly all the way down until the sensor firmly contacts the flowcell bottom.

4. By hand, tighten the nut firmly to get a good seal. This should be good for 5 to 10 psig.

Warning: Do not use a large wrench to tighten the nut. The plastic parts of the sensor could be brokenor deformed.

Note: The flowcell is not intended for use at high pressure.The Teflon seal ring is not a tubing ferrule designed to holdagainst pressure.

Output Hold

The 1816DO monitor allows the user to hold the output for dissolved oxygen. Output hold affects both outputsand alarms if and when these monitor the dissolvedoxygen input.

Enable output hold by changing the [d.o.] [HOLd] settingto [YES]. Output hold has the following effect:

1. 4-20 mA output signals transmitting dissolved oxygen are frozen at their current levels.

2. Alarms monitoring D.O. will maintain existingon/off condition.

The output hold remains in effect until the operatorchanges the [d.o.] [HOLd] setting to [no], or until no keyhas been pressed for 15 minutes. The 15-minute timeoutensures that output hold for dissolved oxygen will notremain in effect for longer than 15 minutes if the analyzer isleft unattended.

Zero Test Technique

The best way to zero check at the point of use in the plant,is to use a sodium sulfite scrubber with a cobalt chloridecatalyst (Zero Oxygen Standard).

Preparation of Zero Oxygen Standard:To 1 liter of distilled water add 20 grams of Na2SO3 and 10milligrams of Co2Cl2 and mix thoroughly. Ensure that thezero standard is used within 8 hours because the oxygenscavenger will be used up quickly with exposure to air.

Submerge the dissolved oxygen sensor in a deep beakerso that it is 2 to 3 inches below the surface of the zerostandard. Provide gentle mixing to ensure the oxygenpresent is consumed. The sensor should rapidly fall tolow ppb levels, thus confirming operation of the sensor.

Temperature Compensation

Almost all industrial applications encounter fluctuatingtemperature and need rapidly responding automaticcompensation. Orion dissolved oxygen sensors have a TCbuilt into the dissolved oxygen sensor. The TC is wired tothe analyzer, allowing the 1816DO monitor to provide digitaltemperature compensation.

28

Selecting Manual TemperatureCompensation

To see the current temperature compensation method usedby the 1816DO monitor during calibration, select [d.o.] [tc]from the menu. See Figure 29.

At this point either [Auto] (for automatic temperaturecompensation), or [Set] (for manual temperaturecompensation setpoint) will be displayed, depending onthe current setting. To change the setting from [Auto] to[Set] press ENTER to edit the current setting. The displaywill start blinking, indicating that a selection needs to bemade. Use the Up or Down arrow key to display [Set].Press ENTER to select manual temperature compensation.

With [Set] still displayed, press SELECT (to displayand/or adjust the temperature setting to be used withmanual temperature compensation. If the current valueneeds to be changed, press ENTER to edit the currentsetting. The display will start blinking. Use the Up or Downarrow key to display the desired temperature for manualtemperature compensation. Press ENTER to accept thedisplayed value.

Barometric Pressure Compensation

The 1816DO monitor uses a manual pressurecompensation method. When the monitor is calibrated, thespecified pressure is used to determine the concentration ofdissolved oxygen. The 100% saturation reading is affectedboth by temperature and by pressure. While the barometricpressure only affects the 100% saturation reading atcalibration, its use eliminates calibration errors due toatmospheric pressure fluctuations that may cause allreadings to be off by as much as 2%.

Atmospheric pressure is affected by altitude andweather conditions.

Setting Manual Pressure CompensationSelect [ d.o. ] [Pr.C] from the menu. Figure 29. Thepressure setting to be used for manual pressurecompensation will be displayed. If the current valueneeds to be changed, press ENTER to edit the currentsetting. The display will start blinking. Use the Up orDown arrow key to display the desired pressure for manualpressure compensation. Press ENTER to accept thedisplayed value.

When metric units are selected (the default), pressure isdisplayed in kPa. When imperial units are selected, PSIis used.

FIGURE 29 DISSOLVED OXYGEN MENU

SEt

Auto

CAL

25.0tc

d.o.

calibrate

ppm DO

oC

101.3

ppb

1E-6

Pr.C kPa

ppb

ppmunit

100EFF % efficiency

YES

NOHOLd

15 min. timeout if nokey pressed

29

Range - Automatic or Manual

Refer to Figure 30.

The 1816DO dissolved oxygen monitor is an auto-ranginganalyzer. The analyzer has four ranges and will automatically switch between these ranges to avoid goingoff-scale. Under normal operating conditions the analyzerwill always be configured to switch between ranges automatically. The ranges described here are part of theDO measuring circuitry. The range numbers associatedwith the 4-20 mA output are part of the output module andare independent of the ranges described here.

You can determine the range which the DO measuring circuit is currently using by selecting [CONF] [in] [d.o.][rANG]. If the analyzer is using manual ranging for the DOmeasurement then you can go into edit mode and switchranges. If the analyzer is using automatic ranging then thissetting can be viewed only.

Manual Ranging

By default the analyzer is configured to automaticallyswitch between ranges. The automatic switching capabilitycan be disabled in the configuration menu by changingthe setting of [CONF] [in] [d.o.] [AUtO] from [YES] to [no].Once automatic ranging has been disabled you canmanually adjust the range by changing the setting in[CONF] [in] [d.o.] [rANG].

Displayed Range

The measuring range of the instrument, e.g. 0 to 10000 ppbdissolved oxygen, is determined by the gain used by theanalyzer itself and the cell current of the dissolved oxygensensor. The displayed measuring range is determined bymultiplying the cell current by the analyzer range gains.

FIGURE 30 CONFIGURATION MENU FOR D.O. INPUT

d.o.

CONF in

2.515VDC

YES

NOAUto

V DC

rNG.1

rNG.2

rNG.3

rNG.4

rANG

oC

30

SECURITY

Password SecurityAs part of the installation procedure you need to decidewhether password security is to be implemented or not.The factory default is not security.

No password security should be necessary if you arethe only user and no protection of settings is needed.Password security should be implemented for criticalapplications where program settings may only be changedby authorized personnel.

For minimal security Thermo Electron Corporation advisesthat the user set a level 2 password. Leaving the level 1password at ‘000’ gives the operator complete access to allareas of the program but does not allow him to changeprogram settings in the configuration menu. With minimalsecurity in place you prevent unauthorized users fromenabling password security.

Access Levels

Access Level Description

0 View-only access to all settings.1 Access to all settings except for

configuration menu. Usage: operator access. No changes can be made to configuration and passwords cannot be changed.

2 Access to all settings. This gives you the same access to the program when password security is not enabled. Passwords can be changed. Usage: installation, management.

Having security disabled gives you the same access to theprogram as being at access-level 2 at all times.

With security enabled any operator can view settingsanywhere in the program. When you do not have properaccess rights, the program will display [PASS] for 2seconds, indicating that you must first enter a properpassword before you are allowed to proceed.

Enabling Security

When security is disabled both password 1 and password 2are set to ‘0000’. Security is enabled by setting password 2to a non-zero value.

Select [CONF] [PAS.2] from the menu. The analyzer willdisplay [0000]. Use the arrow keys to change the display tothe desired password for level 2. You can press SAMPLEat any time to safely cancel password entry. Press ENTERto enter the password into memory and to enable passwordsecurity. The analyzer program automatically returns to theconfiguration menu.

With only password 2 set to a non-zero value, level 2access is required to made changes in the configurationmenu but all other settings are unprotected. Effectively theuser will always have at least level 1 access.

At this point password 1 is still ‘000’. You may optionallyenable operator access control or level 1 security bychanging the level 1 password from ‘000’ to a non-zerovalue. Change the password by selecting [CONF][PAS.1] from the menu, then entering an appropriate3-digit password.

You may want to write down the passwords you set andstore them in a secure place. Once a password has beenset there is no way to redisplay it. Since passwords areset in the configuration menu, level 2 access is required tochange either password. If you have forgotten the level 2password, there is no simple way to regain access to theanalyzer. Contact Thermo Electron if you find yourselflocked out of the analyzer.

Disabling Password SecurityPassword security can be disabled by setting the level 2password to ‘0000’. In order to change the password, youmust first have level 2 access to the program.

Select [CONF] [PAS.2] from the menu, then press ENTERwhen the program displays [0000]. Both passwords 1 and2 are set to ‘0000’ and security is now disabled. The mainmenu will be changed to exclude the [PASS] frame, and theconfiguration menu will no longer have the [PAS.1] frame.

Password Example - a Quick TourWith security disabled, select [CONF] [PAS.2] from themenu. Set the level 2 password to ‘0002’. Select [CONF][PAS.1] from the menu. Set the level 1 password to ‘001’.Security is now enabled.

Select [PASS] from the main menu. Press Enter with[0000] displayed. The analyzer will display [ACC.0] toindicate we are now at access level 0.

Try changing the input 1 low setting. Select [out] [out1] [LO]from the menu. The current value will display. Press Enterto go into edit mode. The analyzer will display [PASS] for 2seconds because we need to enter a password first. Level1 security is needed to change this setting.

Select [PASS] from the main menu again. Change thedisplayed value to [0001], which is the level 1 password.Press Enter. The analyzer will display [good], followed by[ACC.1], indicating that the password is valid and that wenow have level 1 access.

Try changing the output 1 low setting again. You will findthat this time we can go into edit mode unhindered.

Select [PASS] from the main menu again. Enter the level2 password, which is ‘0002’. We are going to set the level2 password to ‘0000’ again to disable password security.Password 2 is found in the configuration menu andtherefore requires level 2 access before it can be accessed.Select [CONF] [PAS.2] from the menu. Press Enter with[0000] displayed. Both passwords are set to ‘0000’ againand password security is disabled.

31

Entering a Password

With security enabled, the operator will need to enter apassword to gain full access to all monitor functions. Toenter a password, select [PASS] from the main menu.The analyzer will display [0000]. Use the arrow keys todisplay your level 1 or level 2 password, then pressENTER. The program will display [good], followed by youraccess level before returning to the main menu. If anincorrect password was entered the program displays [bAd]instead. Refer to the chart at left to determine how theprogram validates a password.

You will now have level 1 or level 2 access for as long asyou are working with the analyzer. The access level willautomatically be restored to level 0 after no key has beenpressed for 15 minutes. This 15-minute timeout will alsoredisplay the main sample.

It is good practice to return the analyzer to level 0 access(or level 1 access is password 1 is set to ‘000’) when youhave finished using the analyzer. This is accomplished byselecting [PASS] from the main menu, then pressing Enterwith [0000] displayed.

Passwords - A Quick TourAssuming that password 1 is defined and we are at accesslevel 0, try changing the output 1 low setting. Select [out][out1] [LO] from the menu. The current value will display.Press Enter to go into edit mode. The analyzer willdisplay [PASS] for 2 seconds because we need to entera password first. Level 1 security is needed to changethis setting.

Select [PASS] from the main. Change the displayed valueto the level 1 password, then press Enter. The analyzerwill display [good], followed by [ACC.1], indicating that thepassword is valid and that we now have level 1 access.

Try changing the output 1 low setting again. You will findthat this time we can go into edit mode unhindered.

Before walking away from the analyzer, we should disablelevel 1 access to prevent unauthorized users from using theanalyzer. Select [PASS] from the menu again, then pressEnter with [0000] displayed. The analyzer will display[ACC.0] indicating that we have returned to the lowestaccess level.

FIGURE 31 PASSWORD VALIDATION

enter password

password 2 entered?

no

access level 0‘view-only’

access level 0‘view-only’

access level 1‘operator’

access level 2‘complete’

display display display display

password 1 entered?

‘0000’ entered?

no

no

yes

yes

yes

bAd

ACC.0 ACC.0

good

ACC.1

good

ACC.2

32

INSTRUMENT MAINTENANCE

The dissolved oxygen sensors provided by Orion aredesigned for simple maintenance. The sensors are robustand will withstand difficult applications when properlyapplied and maintained. Follow instructions in this sectionto promote proper operation.

TABLE 5 RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE

Frequency Operation

Weekly Check flow rateVisual inspection

Monthly Inspection of sensor calibrationYearly Replace Membrane Module

Replace Electrolyte

Weekly Maintenance

1. Check that sample flow rate is between 50 and 200 mL/min.

2. Inspect unit for leakage.3. Check that there are no error indications and displayed

concentration is reasonable.

Monthly Maintenance

Certain applications may require occasionalsensor cleaning.

1. Do a visual examination of the sensor cell area. If needed a soft wipe can be used to blot, plus detergent and water to remove any deposits.

2. After cleaning, rinse the sensor cell area thoroughly with demineralized water.

3. Perform a calibration and return monitor to service. Refer to the CALIBRATION section for step-by-step instructions.

4. Black or red discoloration inside the sensor cap may not cause problems. However, if after calibration the electrode response is slow, replace the electrolyte and wipe the coils and surface lightly using a soft wipe. Recharge with fresh electrolyte.

5. Place the electrode back into sample and run one hourprior to calibration. If the response time is still slow, themembrane module may need replacement. Follow Yearly Maintenance procedure. Use of an inlet filter upstream of sensor will prolong membrane life.

6. Calibrate and return the sensor to service.

Yearly Maintenance

Replacement of Membrane Module and Electrolyte

1. Unscrew the electrode cap and dump the contents.2. Flush the cell internals with demineralized water and

rinse with electrolyte.3. Remove the old membrane module from the cell and

replace with a new one. Place electrode back into sample and run at least one hour prior to calibration.

4. Calibrate, and place in service.

33

Assembly of the DissolvedOxygen Sensor

This procedure should be done over a sink.

Warning: The electrolyte solution is caustic. Wear thinplastic or rubber gloves. Wash hands thoroughly with lotsof water if the electrolyte comes in contact with the skin.Rinse until the slippery feel of the caustic disappears.

1. Remove the protective cap exposing the coils and silver tip. Inspect the electrode to ensure the coils are clean and the silver electrodes are bright and not tarnished. If tarnished, wipe with Kimwipe.

2. Install a membrane module in the cap with the membrane facing down so that it covers the center hole in the cap.

3. Flush the coils of the electrode with electrolyte solution.Then holding the electrode cap with membrane moduleinstalled, in a upright position, fill with electrolyte until the center cavity is full. Tilt at about 30o and add an extra 1/8 inch of electrolyte, observing that the crack around the membrane module fills with electrolyte.

4. Hold the cap like a cup, and slowly lower the electrode coils vertically down into the cap until the threads touch. Rotate the sensor body until you can see the flatarea through the threads. Slowly rotate the cap on, allowing the excess electrolyte and bubbles to overflowup the flat area. Continue to slowly rotate the cap until a firm stop is reached.

Warning: Do not force the cap beyond the stop. The partsare plastic and may break.

5. Dry the sensor and blot the tip. Examine the tip - the membrane should be smooth with no wrinkles or cuts and the surface contours of the silver electrode should be clear. There should be no lines from trapped bubbles between the membrane and the silver electrode. If there are no visible problems as described here, then the sensor is ready to be put into service.

Re-Inserting the Sensor into the Flowcell

Refer to the step-by-step instructions in thecalibration section.

Recommended Supplies

TABLE 6RECOMMENDED SUPPLIES

Orion Item

181622 Maintenance Kit contains membrane module, O-ring, and electrode internal fill solution.

FIGURE 32 D.O. CELL ASSEMBLY

flat for bubble release

30 degrees

34

TROUBLESHOOTING

The following section covers troubleshooting that can beperformed, mostly without special tools or skills.

In the U.S., The Technical EdgeSM for Orion Products can beconsulted for troubleshooting advice at 1-800-225-1480 orcall 978-232-6000. Outside the U.S. contact your localThermo Electron Process Dealer.

TABLE 7

Error Messages for Dissolved Oxygen Input

Error Description Causes Remedy

+ Err Reading off scale. -Dissolved oxygen is beyond -Switch to automatic range switching or select higher range inmeasuring capability of range. [CONF] [in] [d.o.] [rANG].

-New sensor needed or analyzer needs electronic range adjustment. Contact Service Department.

0.00 No dissolved oxygen -Sensor reading is below -Open circuit - sensor not connected.measurement. measuring capability of analyzer. -Manual range switching in effect and analyzer needs to be on

lower range.-Open circuit. -Sensor not connected or bad connection.

E1.1 Electrode has not -Poor electrode performance; -Check electrode and setup until stable reading is achieved,stabilized after 5 minutes sample is not stable; interference. then redo calibration.of calibration.

E1.2 Electrode efficiency -Improper electrode setup or -Set up electrode, then redo calibration. Also refer to would be > 500%. electrode failure. Troubleshooting Section.Previous setting retained.

E1.3 Sensor efficiency would -No DO signal, or signal from -Check electrode connection, then redo calibration.< 33%. Previous sensor is very weak.setting retained. -Manual range switching in effect -Change to automatic range switching or change range to

and analyzer is on low range. range 4.

E1.5 Temperature -Process outside of TC operating -Use manual temperature compensation.compensator is off scale. range of -5 oC to 105 oC.

-TC not connected. -Check TC connections or install TC.

- Err Temperature reading off -Temperature < -5oC. -Verify process and sensor location.scale. Temperature -Electronic calibration necessary. -Follow procedure in Troubleshooting, Electronic Hardware < -5oC. section.

+ Err Temperature reading off -Temperature -Attach temperature compensator. scale. Temperature > compensator not attached. -Turn off temperature input. Follow Input On/Off Switch105oC. procedure in instrument operation section.

-Connect resistor to TC terminals to stimulate a constant temperature. Refer to Troubleshooting, Electronic Hardware section.

-Temperature > 105 oC. -Verify process and sensor location.-Electronic calibration necessary. -Follow procedure in Troubleshooting, Electronic

Hardware section.

35

Slow Response Typically due to excessive sample line length and low flow,thus producing long sample transport lags. Resolve byadding a fast-flow loop with the sensor in a short sidestream, or by shortening the line. Slow response canalso be caused by a buildup of dirt in the sample line. Inthis case the problem may be alleviated by changing thetake-off point or by installing a knock-out pot or sinteredstainless steel filter. Consult Thermo Electron forspecific solutions.

Readings consistently low or spike lowCharacteristic of wiring problems between the analyzerand the sensor, an open circuit in the field wiring will resultin zero cell current and a reading less than 1 ppb. Reviewthe installation instructions in the INSTRUMENTPREPARATION section.

Readings gradually falling The analyzer can no longer be calibrated properly. Thisproblem is typical of sludge/slime deposits on the sensorface. The sensor will need to be cleaned. Refer to theyearly maintenance procedure in the INSTRUMENTMAINTENANCE section.

Readings trend where expected but spike high This problem is typical of air bubbles in the sample line. Ifa bubble hangs up in the D.O. flow cell, you may see a highsurge that slowly falls over some hours. Correct by findingair in-leakage point and stopping leak.

TIP: You can clear an air bubble stuck in the flow cell byloosening the cell retaining nut, and letting the cell rise upa bit, then pressing it back in until it bottoms.

36

Electronic Hardware

Alignment of Dissolved Oxygen Detection Circuit

1. Set up a precision multimeter, Fluke 8051A or equivalent, to read VDC.

2. Use the ‘D.O. +’ sensor connection, TB200-1, and ‘D.O.-’ sensor, TB200-3, as common. See wiring diagram.

3. Place analyzer on manual range selection by selecting [CONF] [in] [d.o.] [Auto] from the menu and editing the setting to read [no].

4. Set the d.o. input range to range 4 by selecting [CONF][ [in] [d.o.] [rANG] from the menu and editing the setting to read [rNG.4].

5. Set the D.O. efficiency constant to 100% by selecting [d.o.] [EFF] from the menu and editing the value to read 100.0%.

6. Adjust the electronic standardize with blue trimpot VR200, located mid-board above the D.O. terminal block. Adjust the trimpot to a reading of 3.00V at TP200 while imputing 0.160VDC through a 10K 1% resistor. 0.160 VDC simulates 8240 ppb D.O. at approx 100% efficiency under above conditions.

7. Return analyzer to automatic range selection by selecting [CONF] [in] [d.o.] [Auto] from the menu and editing the setting to read [YES].

Alignment of Temperature Input CircuitThe temperature input can be adjusted both by makingelectronic adjustments and/or by having the programcompensate for differences in offset. Both procedures aredescribed below.

Adjusting Electronic Calibration1. Remove any offset calculated by a previous software

calibration of the temperature input. Select [CONF] [in] [oC] [OFFS] from the menu and edit the offset to read 0.0.

2. Set up a precision multimeter, Fluke 8051A or equivalent to read VDC.

3. Use the ‘TEMP’ sensor connection, TB201-2, as common. See wiring diagram. Place a 100 ohm 1% resistor across T+ and T-. Adjust blue trimpot VR201, located mid-board, for a reading of 0.200 V at TP202. Refer to wiring diagram for component locations.

4. Place a 138.5 ohm 1% resistor across T+ and T-. Adjust blue trimpot VR202, located mid-board, for a reading of 4.85 V at TP202. Refer to wiring diagram for component diagrams.

5. Close case and press Sample key followed by the Down key to display the temperature reading.

6. Re-insert the 100 ohm 1% resistor and adjust as in step 3 until the display reads 0.0 ±0.1 oC.

7. Re-insert the 138.5 ohm 1% resistor and adjust as in step 4 above until the display reads 100.0 ±0.1 oC.

Software CalibrationTo do a software calibration of the temperature input, thecorrect temperature needs to be known.

1. Select [CONF] [in] [°C] [CAL] from the menu. The actual temperature as measured by the temperature sensor will be shown. Edit the displayed value to the known, correct temperature. Press ENTER to leave edit mode, then SELECT to start the calibration.

2. The current temperature will be shown using a flashing display. When it looks like the input is stable, press ENTER to set the new temperature. The software offset for the temperature input will be adjusted automatically.

3. The calculated offset in degrees Celsius can be viewedby selecting [CONF] [in] [°C] [OFFS] from the menu. Whenever the hardware alignment is ‘correct’, the offset will be 0.0. The displayed offset can be edited.

37

Calibration of 4 to 20 mA Outputs

Use one of the following two approaches to get the analyzer to output the desired current level, and then makeelectronic adjustments to calibrate the output.

Approach 1: Simulated 4-20 mA Output (Self Calibration)1. Select [cur] from the output 1 menu to display the

present output current in mA. The display will be updated as the output current changes based on the input signal and the program settings.

2. To simulate a different 4-20 mA output signal, press ENTER to enter edit mode. Use the arrow keys to display the desired output needed for testing the outputsignal. Press ENTER to select the displayed value. The output signal will be adjusted to put out the desired current. This process can be repeated as oftenas necessary to output different signal levels.

3. The output signal is held at the displayed level until theprogram leaves this menu selection. Make calibration adjustments while the analyzer shows the output at 20.00 mA.

4. Repeat the above steps for output 2.

Approach 2: Use Voltage Source to Adjust InputThis faster calibration approach requires a voltage sourcefor the input.

1. To calibrate output 1, set [in] = [°C]. Input a low enough signal to cause analyzer to indicated [-Err]; the analyzer will output 4.00 mA. Reverse the polarity or input a high enough signal to cause the analyzer to indicate [+Err]; analyzer will output 20.00 mA.

2. Repeat step 1 for output 2.

Tip: both outputs can be simultaneously calibrated if youset [in] = [°C] for both inputs.

Adjusting Electronic Calibration1. Outputs are isolated from main circuit, therefore

measurements are made with common at the output 2 terminal, TB304.

2. Measure output 1 ‘zero’ at TP301 (pin 8 of U304), while output 1 is outputting 4.00 mA. Reading should be between -0.870 and 0.890V. Adjust #2 voltage with VR300.

3. Change analyzer output to 20.00 mA, switch meter to mA and measure + Terminal (+ terminal of O/P 1) and adjust VR301 so that the current reads 20.00 mA. Return analyzer output to 4.00 mA and trim actual output to 4.00 mA using VR300. Check again at 20.00 mA and repeat adjustments until satisfied.

4. Measure output 2 zero at TP300 (pin 7 of U304), while output 2 is outputting 4.00 mA. The test point should read between -0.870 and 0.890V. Adjust #2 ‘zero’voltage with VR302.

5. Change output at output 2 to 20.00 mA, switch meter to mA at TB304, + terminal of output 2, and adjust VR303 (span pot) until the current reads 20.00 mA.

Note: Zero and span are very wide range adjustmentswhich show small interactions. Recheck zero and span toconfirm good calibration.

6. If so desired, all software settings can be returned to factory default condition by following the procedure in appendix D: Resetting Computer.

Testing Relay Outputs1. Relay output operation can be verified by testing for

contact closure or continuity at each relay. To activate a relay, select [CONF] [NO.NC] [AL.A] from the menu. Press ENTER to go into edit mode, then press the Up or Down arrow key to change the normally open/normally closed configuration from open to closed. Press ENTER again to accept the new value. A closed contact should open, an open contact should close.

2. Repeat step 1 for the Alarm B contact.3. If so desired, all software settings can be returned to

factory default condition by following the procedure in Appendix D: Resetting Computer.

38

REPAIR AND SERVICE

For the most current warranty information,visit www.thermo.com/water.

After troubleshooting all components of your measurementsystem, contact The Technical Edge

SMfor Orion products.

Within the United States call 1.800.225.1480 or fax978.232.6015. Outside the United States call 978.232.6000or fax 978.232.6031. In Europe, the Middle East and Africa,contact your local authorized dealer. For the most currentcontact information, visit www.thermo.com/water.

39

NOTICE OF COMPLIANCE

This meter may generate radio frequency energy and if notinstalled and used properly, that is, in strict accordance withthe manufacturer’s instructions, may cause interference toradio and television reception. It has been type-tested andfound to comply with the limits for Class A computing devicein accordance with specifications in Part 15 of FCC Rules,which are designed to provide reasonable protectionagainst such interference in an industrial installation.However, there is no guarantee that interference will notoccur in a particular installation. If the meter does causeinterference to radio or television reception, which can bedetermined by turning the unit off and on, the user isencouraged to try to correct the interference by one or moreof the following measures:

- Reorient the receiving antenna- Relocate the meter with respect to the receiver- Move the meter away from the receiver- Plug the meter into a different outlet so that the meter

and receiver are on different branch circuits

If necessary, the user should consult the dealer or anexperienced radio/television technician for additionalsuggestions. The user may find the following bookletprepared by the Federal CommunicationsCommission helpful:

“How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TVInterference Problems”

This booklet is available from the U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, D.C. 20402.Stock No. 004-000-00345-4.

This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits forradio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in theRadio Interference Regulations of the CanadianDepartment of Communications.

‘Le present appareil numerique n’emet pas de bruitsradioelectriques depassant les limites applicables auxappareils numeriques (de la class A) prescrites dans leReglement sur le brouillage radioelectrique edicte par leministere des Communications du Canada’.

40

ORDERING INFORMATION

Dissolved Oxygen Monitor, Orion 1816DO 100 ppt to 10,000 ppb

Orion Description

1816DO Low-Level Dissolved Oxygen Monitorincludes electronic housing with two 4-20 mA outputs and two relay outputs, oxygenelectrode complete with membrane module, stainless steel housing and attached 10 ft. shielded cable, stainless steel flow cell, maintenance kit which includes spare membrane module,O-ring, and fill solution (181622), and instruction manual. Wired for 115/220V, 50/60 Hz, 50 watts.

181621* Dissolved Oxygen Electrode with stainless steel housing with attached 10 ft. cable and maintenance kit which includes membrane module, O-ring and internal fill solution.

181622 Maintenance kit includes membrane module, O-ring, and internal fill solution.

222609-001 O-ring seal for inlet fitting.1816FP Fluidics panel with needle valve and

bypass with carrying handle. Used to prolong membrane life and provide portability of monitor.

*Contact Thermo Electron for availability of custom cablelengths up to 30 feet.

41

APPENDIX A

Default Settings

The following program settings are the default settings forthe analyzer. New analyzers will have these settings unlessthe setup has already been customized for your application.

Output 1 Output 2

Input to be transmitted D.O. TempLow setting 0 ppb 0.0°CHigh setting 100 ppb 100°CUnits ppb °CON/OFF switch ON ONAutomatic range indication OFF -

Alarm A Alarm B

Input for alarm D.O. D.O.Alarm function High HighON/OFF switch OFF OFFSetpoint 10 ppb 100 ppbDifferential 1.0 ppb 1.0 ppb

Global UnitsMetric units, Temperature in degrees Celsius, Pressurein kPa.

Alarm ContactsConfigured normally open.

SecurityNot enabled.

Temperature CompensationAutomatic TC using temperature input.

Input on/off configurationThe temperature input is on and will show up in thesample menu.

Serial CommunicationsOn/off switch = OFF, baud rate 1200.

42

APPENDIX B

SATURATED DO VALUES

The table below lists show the concentration of dissolvedoxygen in water over a range of temperature and pressure.Dissolved oxygen values are reported as parts per million.During calibration the 1816DO monitor uses the table belowto determine the efficiency of the cell.

oC/TORR01234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647584950

70013.4113.0512.7012.3612.0411.7311.4311.1510.8710.6110.3610.119.889.669.459.249.048.858.678.498.338.168.017.857.717.577.437.307.177.056.936.816.706.586.486.376.276.176.075.975.885.785.695.605.515.425.335.245.165.074.99

70513.5113.1412.7912.4512.1211.8111.5111.2310.9510.6910.4310.199.959.739.519.319.118.928.738.568.398.228.067.917.767.627.497.357.227.106.986.866.756.636.536.426.326.216.116.025.925.835.735.645.555.465.375.285.205.115.03

71013.6013.2312.8812.5412.2111.9011.6011.3111.0310.7610.5110.2610.035.809.589.379.178.988.808.628.458.288.127.977.827.687.547.417.287.157.036.916.806.686.576.476.366.266.166.065.975.875.785.685.595.505.425.335.245.155.07

71513.7013.3312.9712.6312.3011.9811.6811.3911.1110.8410.5810.3310.109.879.659.449.249.058.868.688.518.348.188.037.887.737.607.467.337.207.086.966.856.736.626.526.416.316.216.116.015.925.825.735.645.555.465.375.285.205.11

72013.8013.4213.0612.7212.3812.0711.7611.4711.1910.9210.6610.4110.179.949.729.519.319.118.928.748.578.408.248.097.947.797.657.527.387.267.137.016.906.786.676.566.466.366.256.156.065.965.875.775.685.595.505.415.325.245.15

72513.8913.5113.1512.8012.4712.1511.8411.5511.2610.9910.7310.4810.2410.019.799.589.379.188.998.808.638.468.308.147.997.857.717.577.447.317.197.066.956.836.726.616.516.406.306.206.106.015.915.825.725.635.545.455.375.285.19

73013.9913.6113.2412.8912.5612.2311.9311.6311.3411.0710.8110.5510.3110.089.869.649.449.249.058.878.698.528.368.208.057.907.767.627.497.367.247.127.006.886.776.666.556.456.356.256.156.055.965.865.775.685.595.505.415.325.23

73514.0813.7013.3412.9812.6412.3212.0111.7111.4211.1510.8810.6310.3810.15

9.939.719.509.309.118.938.758.588.428.268.117.967.827.687.547.417.297.177.056.936.826.716.606.506.396.296.196.106.005.915.815.725.635.545.455.365.27

74014.1813.8013.4313.0712.7312.4012.0911.7911.5011.2210.9610.7010.4610.229.999.789.579.379.188.998.818.648.488.328.168.017.877.737.607.477.347.227.106.986.876.766.656.546.446.346.246.146.045.955.865.765.675.585.495.405.31

74514.2813.8913.5213.1612.8212.4912.1711.8711.5811.3011.0310.7710.5310.2910.06

9.849.649.439.249.058.878.708.538.378.228.077.937.797.657.527.397.277.157.036.926.816.706.596.496.396.296.196.095.995.905.815.715.625.535.445.36

75014.3713.9813.6113.2512.9012.5712.2511.9511.6611.3811.1110.8510.6010.3610.139.919.709.509.309.128.939.768.598.438.288.137.987.847.707.577.447.327.207.086.976.866.756.646.536.436.336.236.136.045.945.855.765.675.575.495.40

75514.4714.0813.7013.3412.9912.6612.3412.0311.7411.4511.1810.9210.6710.4310.209.989.779.569.379.189.008.828.658.498.338.188.047.897.767.637.507.377.257.137.026.906.796.696.586.486.386.286.186.085.995.895.805.715.625.535.44

76014.5714.1713.7913.4313.0812.7412.4212.1111.8111.5311.2610.9910.7410.5010.2710.059.839.639.439.249.068.888.718.558.398.248.097.957.817.687.557.427.307.187.076.956.846.736.636.526.426.326.226.136.035.945.845.575.665.575.48

76514.6614.2713.8813.5213.1612.8312.5012.1911.7911.6111.3311.0710.8110.5710.3410.119.909.699.499.309.128.948.778.618.458.288.158.007.867.737.607.477.357.237.117.006.896.786.676.576.476.376.276.176.075.985.885.795.705.615.52

77014.7614.3613.9713.6113.2512.9112.5812.2711.9711.6811.4111.1410.8910.6410.4110.189.969.769.569.369.189.008.838.668.508.358.208.067.927.787.657.527.407.287.167.056.946.836.726.626.516.416.316.216.126.025.935.835.745.655.56

77514.8614.4514.0713.6913.3413.0012.6712.3512.0511.7611.4811.2110.9610.7110.4810.2510.039.829.629.439.249.068.898.728.568.418.268.117.977.847.707.587.457.337.217.106.986.886.776.666.566.466.366.266.166.065.975.885.785.695.60

78014.9514.5514.1613.7813.4213.0812.7512.4312.1311.8411.5611.2911.0310.7810.5410.3210.10

9.899.689.499.309.128.958.788.628.468.318.178.027.897.767.637.507.387.267.157.036.926.816.716.606.506.406.306.206.116.015.925.835.735.64

78515.0514.6414.2513.8713.5113.1612.8312.5112.2111.9111.6311.3611.1010.8510.6110.3810.16

9.959.759.559.369.189.018.848.678.528.378.228.087.947.817.687.557.437.317.197.086.976.866.756.656.556.456.356.256.156.055.965.875.785.68

79015.1514.7314.3413.9613.6013.2512.9112.5912.2911.9911.7111.4311.1710.9210.6810.4510.2310.019.819.619.429.249.068.908.738.578.428.278.137.997.867.737.607.487.367.247.137.026.916.806.706.596.496.396.296.196.106.005.915.825.72

79515.2414.8314.4314.0513.6813.3313.0012.6712.3612.0711.7811.5111.2410.9910.7510.5210.2910.089.879.679.489.309.128.958.798.638.488.338.188.057.917.787.657.537.417.297.187.066.956.856.746.646.536.436.336.246.146.055.955.865.77

43

APPENDIX C

DISPLAY PROMPTS

[0-20] Use 0-20 mA configuration for output.[0-5] Use 0-5 VDC configuration for output.[1-5] Use 1-5 VDC configuration for output.[1E-6] Part per million DO unit selection in

scientific notation.[4-20] Use 4-20 mA configuration for output.[5VDC] Diagnostic to display 0-5 VDC raw input voltage

for DO input.[ACC.n] Access level for security. Displayed after password

entry by user.[AL] Alarms.[AL.A] Alarm A.[AL.B] Alarm B.[Auto] Automatic ranging for DO circuit: yes/no switch.[ArnG] Automatic range switching for 4-20 mA output.[bAud] Baud rate for serial communications.[oC] Temperature in degrees Celcius; use metric units.[dEv] Deviation alarm.[CAL] Calibrate analyzer.[CLSd] Normally closed alarm contact.[CONF] Configuration of program to match hardware.[cur] Signal output in mA, or current.[d.o.] Dissolved oxygen output.[EFF] D.O. cell efficiency constant, as % efficiency.

Adjusted by calibration.[Err] Error or warning number. Error messages 1-6 are

errors, messages 7-9 are warnings.[Er.94] Startup condition: RAM checksum failed. Some

settings may be lost.[oF] Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit; use

imperial units.

[FLt] Fault alarm.[HI] High alarm; high limit (20 mA) for 4-20 mA

output window.[Hold] Output hold.[in] Input manu or setting.[kPa] Units for pressure.[LO] Low alarm; low limit (4 mA) for 4-20 mA

output window.[NO.NC] Normally Open/Normally Closed alarm contact.[OFF] Off.[OFFS] Offset.[on] On.[ON.OF] On/Off setting.[OPEN] Normally open alarm contact.[out] Output menu.[out 1] First 4-20 mA analog output channel.[out 2] Second 4-20 mA analog output channel.[PAS.1] Set password 1, operator access.[PAS.2] Set password 2, operator access.[PASS] Enter password to change access level.[Pr.C.] Pressure compensation setting.[PrES] Pressure.[PSI] PSI units for pressure.[rANG] Analyzer DO input range selection.[rES] Reset calibration settings.[rNG] Range number generated by 4-20 mA output.[rNG.n] Range number for DO measuring circuit.[SEr] Serial communications menu.[SEt] Setpoint; select manual temperature

compensation.[StbY] Standby mode for analyzer.[t.c.] Temperature compensation setting.[unit] Unit display or selection.

44

APPENDIX D

RESETTING COMPUTER

Occasionally it may be desirable to reinitialize all of theprogram’s settings to bring them back to defaults.Executing the initialization procedure will cause theanalyzer to reset all the program variables and settings tofactory-default settings as found in APPENDIX A.

CAUTION: Do not use the initialization procedure unlessyou are absolutely sure that you want to restore thefactory-default configuration. All user setting will be lost.

After the analyzer program has been initialized, you willneed to re-enter the output signal settings, alarm settings,as well as the program configuration if it was different fromthe factory-default settings. For your convenience, theanalyzer will remember your most recent menu selections.

Select [CONF] [init] [ALL] from the menu. The display willflash [do]. Nothing will happen if at this point you pressCANCEL or one of the escape keys SAMPLE, CAL, orERROR. The 1816DO monitor will be re-initialized whenthe user presses ENTER.

45

APPENDIX E

UNIT CONVERSION

Dissolved Oxygen Units

1000 ppb = 1ppm1 ppb = 0.001 ppm

1 ppm is approximately 1 mg/L. Some variation occurs because the density of water varies slightly with temperature.

% saturation is directly related to the temperature andpressure of the system. A given ppb will give a different %saturation value depending on the variation in temperatureand pressure. See APPENDIX B.

Temperature Units

5oC = _ (oF - 32)9

9oF = (_ x oC) + 325

Pressure Units

1 kilopascal = 0.145 PSI1 PSI = 6.895 kilopascal1 atmosphere = 101.3 kilopascal1 atmosphere = 14.70 psi1 atmosphere = 1.01325 bar1 atmosphere = 760 mm Hg1 mm Hg = 1 Torr1 bar = 100 kilopascal

46

DRAWINGS

1816DO Wiring Diagram

47

1816DO Mounting Dimensions

48

SPECIFICATIONS

Orion 1816DO

Measuring Range0.1 to 10,000 ppb Dissolved Oxygen.

DisplayFour and one half LCD digits for concentration, temperature, efficiency, error codes, prompts, and diagnostic information.

Signal OutputsTwo continuous assignable, programmable 4-20 mA, or 0-20 mAmps, isolated max, load 600 ohms. Convertible to 1 to 5 or 0 to 5 Volt DC.

Two relays, SPBT, Form C, rated 10 Amp 115V/5 Amp 230V, 5 Position BCD contact closure.

RS-232 Bidirectional Serial Data Port.

AccuracyStandard deviation ± 2% of reading or 0.1 ppb, whichever is greater.

PrecisionStandard deviation ± 2% of reading or 0.1 ppb, whichever is greater.

Sample ConditionsTemperature: 2 to 45 oC (35 to 113 oF).Sample Flow: 50 mL/min minimum; 200 mL/min maximum.Pressure: < 60 PSIG (4 bar).pH: > 4.

Response Time90% within two minutes, function of flow.

Sample Inlet1/4” NPT tube “0” seal fitting.

Sample Outlet1/4” NPT tube fitting.

CalibrationIn water vapor saturated air / monthly.

EnvironmentTemperature: 5 to 45 oC.Humidity: 95% relative max, non-condensing; splashproof IP65.

Dimensions of Monitor26 x 16 x 9 cm (w.h.d.).10.24 x 6.3 x 3.54” (w.h.d.).

Weight4.9 kg.10.8 lbs.

Shipping Weight6.1 kg.13.4 lbs.

Electrical Requirements115/230 V 10%, 50/60 Hz, 50 Watts.0.5 Amp single phase.

NOTE: Specifications subject to change without notice.

Thermo Electron Corporation

Environmental InstrumentsWater Analysis Instruments

166 Cummings CenterBeverly, MA 01915 USATel: 978-232-6000Toll Free: 800-225-1480Dom. Fax: 978-232-6015Int’l. Fax: 978-232-6031

www.thermo.com/water

227332-001 Rev F