Analytical results and sample locality map of stream ...Los Tamales area is provided by an...
32
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Analytical results and sample locality map of stream-sediment, panned-concentrate, and mesqulte samples from the Los Tamales area, San Juan quadrangle, northern Sonora, Mexico By Robert L. Turner, James A. Erdman, and Thelma F. Harms Open-File Report 84-289 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USGS. 1984
Transcript of Analytical results and sample locality map of stream ...Los Tamales area is provided by an...
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Analytical results and sample locality map
of stream-sediment, panned-concentrate, and mesqulte samples
from the Los Tamales area, San Juan quadrangle,
northern Sonora, Mexico
By
Robert L. Turner, James A. Erdman, and
Thelma F. Harms
Open-File Report 84-289
This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USGS.
1984
CONTENTS
Page
Studies related to the USGS-CRM Cooperative program....................... iIntroduction.............................................................. 1Methods of study.......................................................... 1
Sample collection.................................................... 1Stream-sediment samples......................................... 1Heavy-mineral-concentrate samp!es............................... 4Plant samples................................................... 4
Sample preparation................................................... 4Sample analysis...................................................... 5
Spectrographic method........................................... 5Chemical methods................................................ 5
References cited.......................................................... 6
TABLES
TABLE 1. Analytical data for the ninus-30 mesh stream-sediment samples collected during the USGS-CRM detailed study of the Los Tamales area, northern Sonora, Mexico............ 7
TABLE 2. Analytical data for the nonmagnetic fraction of theheavy-mineral-concentrate samples collected during the USGS-CRM detailed study of the Los Tamales area, northern Sonora, Mexico........................................... 16
TABLE 3. Limits of determination for the spectrographic analysesof stream sediments...................................... 22
TABLE 4. Analytical data for the mesquite-leaf samples(ash basis) collected in the Los Tamales area,northern Sonora, Mexico.................................. 23
TABLE 5. Limits of determination for the spectrographic analysis ofplant ash based on 5-mg samples.......................... 29
ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE 1. Index map showing location map of the Los Tamales area,San Juan quadrangle, northern Sonora, Mexico............. 2
FIGURE 2. Stream sediment, plant, heavy-mineral-concentrate sample location map for the Los Tamales area, San Juan quadrangle, northern Sonora, Mexico...................... 3
STUDIES RELATED TO THE USGS-CRM COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
The analytical results presented in this report are part of a larger cooperative program between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Consejo de Recursos Minerales of Mexico. The program was established in 1973 using a multidisciplinary (geology, geochemistry, and geophysics) approach in the evaluation of exploration techniques in the Sonoran environment. The project was initially funded by the government of Mexico, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the U.S. National Science Foundation.
INTRODUCTION
In November 1981 and March 1982 we conducted a detailed geochernical study of the Los Tarnales area, northern Sonora, Mexico.
The Los Tamales area comprises about 6 rni^ (16 knr). This study area is located approximately 7 mi (11 km) north-northwest of Saric, Sonora, Mexico (see fig. 1). Access to the vicinity of the study area is provided by Mexican National highway 15 for 12 mi (19 krn) south of Nogales, Arizona and 30 m (48 km) west on a graded road to Saric, Sonora, Mexico. Access to the Los Tamales area is provided by an unimproved dirt road.
The study area occupies the south-southeast flank of the Cerro Chile intrusive, a north-northwest to south-southeast granitic intrusive. The study area is composed of granite, granodiorite, and felsic to intermediate extrusives.
The topographic relief is about 715 ft (218 m), with a maximum elevation of 3600 ft (1097 m). The ground surface is an upland area deeply incised by intermittent streams. The area is in the Sonoran desert climatic zone. Vegetation is sparse, consisting of an assemblage of desert shrubs, including mesquite and cacti.
METHODS OF STUDY
Sample Collection
We collected samples at 105 sites (fig. 2). At nearly all of those sites, we collected both a stream-sediment sample and a heavy-mineral concentrate. Samples of mesquite leaves were limited to those 68 sites sampled November, 1981. We analyzed 105 stream-sediment samples, and 72 paoned-concentrate samples for a sampling density of about 1 sample per .06 mi^ (.16 knr) for the stream sediment and 1 sample per .08 rni^ (.21 knr) for heavy-mineral-concentrate samples.
Stream-sediment samples
Analyses of the stream-sediment samples represent the chemistry of the rock material eroded from the drainage basin upstream from each sample site. Such information is useful in identifying those basins which contain concentrations of elements that may be related to mineral deposits.
The stream-sediment samples consisted of active alluvium collected primarily from streams no longer than 250 yards (229 m) in length. Each sample was composited from several localities within an area that may extend as much as 20 ft (6 m) from the site plotted on the map.
The use of plant samples in mineral exploration adds another dimension to the task of locating hidden ore bodies. Plant roots often penetrate bedrock where none outcrops at the surface of a stream channel, or they may even reflect the ground-water chemistry. Biogeochemistry--the analysis of plant tissue can complement the results gained from conventional geochemical reconnaissance and detailed surveys.
FIGURE 1. Index map showing location map of the Los Tamales area, San Juan quadrangle, northern Sonora, Mexico.
0 stream sediment, plant, and heavy-mineral-concentrate
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map for the Los Tamales area, San Juan quadranqle, northern Sonora, Mexico.
Honey mesquite (Prosopis juliflora of most manuals; more recently called JL« laevigata) was collected for several reasons. First, it is extremely common in the Los Tamales area and is easily recognized. Second, it has been used previously in the exploration of porphyry copper deposits in Arizona and northern Mexico (Huff, 1970; Chaffee, 1975, 1976, 1977; Chaffee et al., 1976); and third, its roots tap the ground water, the chemistry of which often forms a broad dispersion halo around mineral deposits. Tap roots of mesquite are reported to reach depths of 160 ft (49 m) with the lateral roots extending about 50 ft (15 m) (Simpson, 1977).
Heavy-mi neral-concentrate samples
We panned heavy-mineral-concentrate samples from alluvium collected specifically for this purpose from the same active alluvium as the stream- sediment samples. Each bulk sample was passed through a 2.0-mm (10-mesh) screen to remove the coarse material. The sediment passing through the screen was panned until most of the quartz, feldspar, organic material, and clay- sized material was removed. The sample was air dried.
Plant samples
A plant sample consisted of a "fist-full" of leaves collected from several branches around the canopy of the tree. Only a single tree was sampled at each site.
Sample Preparation
Only the heavy-mineral-concentrate samples required extensive preparation.
We sieved the stream-sediment samples at the collection site through a 30-mesh screen and the minus 30-mesh material was retained. The samples were air dried.
After panning the sediment, we used bromoform to separate and remove the remaining quartz and feldspar from the heavy-mineral concentrate. The heavy minerals (specific gravity 2.8) were separated into three fractions using a large electromagnet (in this case a modified Frantz Isodynamic Separator). The most magnetic material (largely magnetite) was discarded. The second fraction (largely ferromagnesian silicates and iron oxides) was saved for archival storage. The third fraction (the least magnetic material including nonmagnetic ore minerals, zircon, sphene, etc.) was divided into two splits using a Jones splitter. One split was hand ground for spectrographic analysis; the other split was saved for mineralogical analysis.
The magnetic separates discussed are the same separates that would be produced by removing the magnetite with a hand magnet and then using a Frantz Isodynamic Separator set at a slope of 15° and a tilt of 10° with a current of 0.1 ampere to remove the ilmenite, and a current of 1.0 ampere to split the remainder of the sample into magnetic and nonmagnetic fractions.
All plant samples were oven-dried at about 40°C until sufficiently brittle to grind in a Wiley mill. The samples were sieved through a screen with 1.3 mm openings. A portion of this homogenized sample which passed through the 1.3 mm sieve was then ashed in a muffle furnace at 500°C. The ash yield for mesquite leaves from this study generally ranged from 5-10%.
Sample Analysis
Spectrographlc method
We analyzed the stream-sediment samples for 31 elements and the heavy-mineral-concentrate samples for 32 elements using a semiquantitative, direct-current arc emission spectrographic method (Grimes and Marranzino, 1968) (tables 1, 2, and 3). Spectrographic results were obtained by visual comparison of spectra derived from the sample against spectra obtained from standards made from pure oxides and carbonates. Standard concentrations are geometrically spaced over any given order of magnitude of concentration as follows: 100, 50, 20, 10, and so forth. Samples whose concentrations are estimated to fall between those values are assigned values of 70, 30, 15, and so forth. The precision of the analytical method is approximately plus or minus one reporting unit at the 83 percent confidence level and plus or minus two reporting units at the 96 percent confidence level (Motooka and Grimes, 1976). Values determined for the major elements (iron, magnesium, calcium, and titanium) are given in weight percent; all others are given in parts per million (micrograms/gram) (table 3).
Arsenic and antimony were looked for but not found in both sample media. Gold, cadmium, niobium, tungsten, and thorium were looked for but not found in the stream-sediment samples. Beryllium and zinc were looked for but not found in the nonmagnetic fraction of the heavy-mineral-conceantrate samples.
The ashed mesquite leaves were analyzed for 30 elements using a semiquantitative, direct-current arc emission spectrographic method (Mosier, 1972) (Tables 4 and 5). The same geometric spacing was used in this analytical technique as was used in the analytical technique for the stream sediment and heavy-mineral-concentrate samples.
Elements that were looked for but not detected are antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, gold, niobium, tin, tungsten, and vanadium.
Chemical methods
Molybdenum and uranium in plant ash were analyzed using analytical chemical methods. The analytical method used for molybdenum was an atomic absorption spectrometric method described by Rao (1971) and has a lower limit of determination of 2 ppm if the sample weight specified by Rao is used. The analytical method used in the determination of uranium is a fluorometric technique described by Harms and others (1981) and the lower limit of detection is 0.05 ppm if the sample weight specified by Harms is used.
REFERENCES CITED
Chaffee, M. A., 1975, Geochemical exploration techniques applicable in the search for copper deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 907-B, 26 p.
______ 1976, Geochemical exploration techniques based on distribution ofselected elements in rocks, soils, and plants, Mineral Butte copper deposit, Pinal County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1278-D, 55 p.
_____ 1977, Geochemical exploration techniques based on distribution of selected elements in rocks, soils, and plants, Vekol porphyry copper deposit area, Pinal County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1278-E, 78 p.
Chaffee, M. A., Lee-Moreno, J. L., Caire, L. F., Hosier, E. L., and Frisken, J. G., 1976, Results of geochemical investigations comparing samples of stream sediment, panned concentrate, and vegetation in the vicinity of the Caridad porphyry copper deposit, northern Sonora, Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-559, 34 p.
Grimes, D. J., and Marranzino, A. P., 1968, Direct-current arc andalternating-current spark emission spectrographic field methods for the semiquantitative analysis of geologic materials: U.S. Geological Survey Ci rcular 591, 6 p.
Harms, T. F., Ward, F. N., and Erdman, J. A., 1981, Laser fluorometric analysis of plants for uranium exploration: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 15, p. 617-623.
Huff, L. C., 1970, A geochemical study of alluvium-covered copper deposits in Pima County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1312-C, 31 p.
Mosier, E. L., 1972, A method for semiquantitative spectrographic analysis of plant ash for use in biogeochemical and environmental studies: Applied Spectroscopy, v. 26, no. 6 p. 636-641.
Motooka, J. M., and Grimes, D. J., 1976, Analytical precision of one-sixth order semiquantitative spectrographic analyses: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 738, 25 p.
Rao, P. D., 1971, Determination of molybdenum in geological materials: Atomic Absorption Newsletter, v. 10, no. 5, p. 118-119.
Rose, A. W., 1982, Mineral adequacy, exploration success, and mineral policy in the United States: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 16, p. 163-182.
Simpson, B. B., 1977, Mesquite, its biology in two desert ecosystems: Dowden, Hutchison, and Ross, Inc., Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.
Tab
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1.
Analy
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data
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us
30
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dim
ent
sam
ple
s co
llecte
c
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r i n
a
the
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ud
y
of
the
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s T
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ort
hern
S
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a ,
Mexic
o.
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ot
cete
cte
d;
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dete
cte
d
but
belo
w
the
lim
it
of
dete
rmin
ati
on
show
n;
>t
dete
rmin
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to
be
gre
ate
r
S.
G. S
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. a
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ed
than
th
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valu
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sho
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5C
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m -
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31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 <1
91
010
91
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10 10 10 10
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1 1
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24 24
24 24
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7 84
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OOOOO O O O « r- r-T-T-T-r . ^^-rxjry r^i-vjrMnooj oj rj \j NI NI m »n M"I »n MI -Ovj^j--!-^ OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOnOO OO r 3OO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO
Sa
mp
le
Table
1.
Analy
tical
data
fo
r th
e
min
us
3D
m
esn
str
ea
m
se
dim
en
t sa
mp
les
co
lle
cte
d
during
the
0.S
.G.S
,-C
.R-M
. d
eta
ile
dstu
dy
of
the
Los
loca
les
are
a/
no
rth
ern
S
on
ora
, M
exic
o.-
-co
ntin
ue
d
L a
t i
t u
ceLongi
tude
F e
% -
iM
gX
-SC
a%
-ST
i '/.
- S
M n
p
p m -
3A
j
ppm
-S8
pp
m-S
LT0445
LT045S
LT046S
LT3433
LT049S
LT0503
LT051 5
LTQ533
LT0543
LT055S
LT056S
LT057S
LT053S
LT059S
LT060S
LTOolS
LT062S
LTOo3S
LT06<»S
LTU65S
LTOo7S
LT063S
LT069S
LT1UOS
LT101S
LT 102S
LT103S
LT 104b
LT1Q5S
LT1GoS
LT 107S
LT103S
LT109S
LT 1
1 OS
LT 1
1 1
S
LT11 IS
LT113S
LT114S
LT1153
LT 1
loS
LT117S
LT1IdS
L T
1 1 9 S
L T
1 2 0 5
LT1 21
S
31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31
8 9 910 10
10 1 0
1010
10 10
10 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 9 9
10 10 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 91010
10 10
10 'y 9 9
50 15 16 15 16 21 16 25 28 32 22 29 25 26 23 24 22 1b 14 12 57 54 53 7 6
59 53 55 53 37 36 35 29 27 26 17 29 4 4 4 4 o41 31 29
1 1
111 1
1 1
11
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
11
1 1
11 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
11
1 1
1 11
1 1
11 11
1 11
1 1
1
1 11
1 11
1 11
1 1
11 11
11 1
1 1
11 11
1 1
111 1
1 11
1 1
11 11
111
1 11
111
11 1
1 1
11
1 1
1 11
1 1
11
1 1
1 1
11
1 1
1 1
1
23 23 23 25 25 25 24 24 24 25 25 25 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 23 23 25 25 25 25 25 25 24 24 24 25 24 24 24 24 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23
923 225 5 2
57 5o 571 2 2
52 52 49
46
41 41 36 36 21 31 25 J 1 H 3 2 0
57 53 530
53 56 46
33 22 20
10 9 3
274 5
3.
3.
1 .
3.
7.
5.
5.
2.
2.
1 .
0 U c u U 0 u u u 5
.7 .7 .71
.51
.5
1 .5
I .0
1.U .7 .7
7.0
2.0
7.0
7.U
5.U
1 .5
.71.0
.71.0
7.0
5.0
5.0
5.U
3.U
5.0
2.0
1 .5
1 5
.03.U
3.u
1 5
.01 3.0
>2
0.0
1 5
.0
1 5
.02
0.
u>
20.0
15
.0>
20
.0
20.
u1
5.G
3.U
2.0
>2U
.u
>20.0
20.
u7
.03
.03.0
.71
.01.5
1.5 .1
1.5 ,7
1 .0
1.5
1.5
1.5
1 .5
1.5
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1,5
1.5
1 .5
1.5
1.0
1 .0
3.0
3.0
2.0
1 .5
1.5
1 .5
.3
.3
.2
1 .0
.7
1 . 5
1 .5
1.5
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
.7
1 .5
.5
1.5
1 .0 .7
1.5
1 .5 .7
2.0
.71 .0
2.0
1 .5
1 . 5
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
1.5
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
2.0
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
3.0
2.0
3.0
1 .5
1 .
51 .0
2,000
1 ,500
1 ,000
700
1 ,000
700
700
700
700
70J
700
700
700
700
1 ,000
700
700
1,500
1,500
500
1 ,500
700
700
1 ,500
700
1 ,530
1 ,500
1 ,500
1 ,500
1 ,500
1 ,500
1 ,500
1 ,500
1 ,500
1 ,500
2,000
1 ,500
1 ,500
1 ,500
2,000
2,000
1 ,500
3,000
1 ,500
1 ,500
1 .5
<.5
N N<. 5
150
100
70 15 15 20
15
10 N
10 20 15 20 10
15 <0
<0
10
10
10 15 15 15 10 N 10 10 10 10 10 70 20 20 15 15 10 10 15 10
300 15 15 30 10
300
Sa
mp
le
Tdfc
le
1.
Analy
tical
data
fo
r th
e
a i
n u
s 3Q
m
esh
str
ea
m
se
dim
en
t sa
mp
les
co
lle
cte
d
du
rin
g
the
U.S
.G.S
.-C
.R.M
. deta
ilea
stu
dy
of
the
Los
Tom
ale
s
are
a*
nort
hern
S
a n
c r
3 ,
Mexic
o.-
-continued
a a
ppm
- S
Be
ppm
-S6
i p
pm
-SC
o ppm
-SC
r p
pm
-SC
u p
pm
-SLa
pp
m-S
Mo
pp
m-S
Ni
ppm
-S
LT
G4
4S
LT
045S
L
T 0
4fc
S
LT
CK
8S
LT
049S
LT050S
LT051S
LT053S
LTOS^S
LT055S
LT056S
LT057S
LT058S
LT059S
LT060S
LT061 S
LTG62S
LT063S
LT064S
LT065S
LT067S
LT063S
LT069S
LT1OOS
LT101S
LT102S
LT103S
LT 104S
LT105S
LT1U63
LT107o
LT103S
LT1Q9S
LT110S
LT111S
LT112S
LT113S
LT1 1
43
LT115S
LT1 1
6S
LT117S
LT113S
LT1 1
VS
LT1205
LT1 21
S
1 ,JOO
1,500
1,000
700
700
1 /QOO
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
1 ,000
700
1/000
1/000
700
1 /OOO
700
70G
1,500
1,000
1,500
1/50U
1/500
1/500
1 /500
1,500
1/500
1/500
1/000
1/500
1/500
2,000
1 /500
2,000
2/000
1,500
1 ,500
1 ,500
1 /OOO
1 ,UUu
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
1 .0
1 .5
1 .0
1 .5
1 .0
1 .0
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
1 .0
1 .5
1 .0
1 .0
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
2.0
1 .5
2.0
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
2.0
2.0
2 .0
2.0
1 .5
1 .0
2.0
2.0
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
7 7 510
1 5
10 157
10 7
157
1 5
10 15 15 15 15 157
157 7
157 7
15 15 15 10
715 15 15 15 15 155 7
20 15 15 1 5 7 7
20 15 30
1 00 1 5
<10
00
1 50 1 5
20 3020 10 20 20 15 20 30 15 20 15 15 1 5
70 50 30 15 15 30 50 10 50 20 10 50 30 2030 10 10
30 30 1 5
20 50 30307070 70
7020
70 70 50
70
100 50 50 30
30 103070 1 5
50
70 70
150
100 50
200
150 70
70
70
200 30 1 5
100 70
70 70 30 30
30
30 20
30 20 30
70
70
70
5U 50 20
20 20 20 20 3020
20 30 30 30 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 70 50 50 30 30
30 30 50 70 50 30 70
30 70 70 50
30 7
<5
<5
<5 7155 7 7 7
<5 7 5 5 7
305 5 5 5
<5 710
1 5
1 5
15 2030
20 1 5
30
30 1 5
15 1 5
50
3030
30 30 20 20
1 5
30
10 107
20 15 15 20 15 10 10 30 15 10 15 10 10 15 15 15 20 15 15 20
30
15 20 30 30 30 15 15 30
30 1 5
15 20 15 15 15 20 30 15 30 15 20
00
2
DO
S D
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00
0'I
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DO
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OZ
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N N N
N
NN N N
N
NN N
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N
NNN N N NN N N
N
NN N N N NN N
N N NN
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Sample
Tacle
1.Analytical data for tne
minus 30 mesn scream sediment sample5 collected during th
e Study of
the Los Tomales area/ northern Sonora/ Mexico.--continueJ
U.S.o.S.-C.R .
M.
detailed
La t
i t u ce
Longi t
ude
Ti *-
ppm-S
8 ppm-S
LT122S
LT123S
LT124S
LTIass
LT126S
LT127S
LT128S
LT1295
LT13US
LT1
31 S
LT1325
LT133S
LT134S
LT1355
LT136S
31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31
9 9 9 9 9 9 8 6 8 9 8 8 8 8 8
28 40 44 30 31 29 44 50 55 0 58 57 45 44 16
1 1
11
1 1
1 1
11 11
11 1
1 11
1 1
11
1 1
1 1
11
1 1
1 11
111
1 1
11
1 1
1 1
1
23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 23
4 2 143
46
4 7 7
1 5
12 19 30 30 39 376
3.u
1 .0
3.u
7.U
1 .0
5.0
7.U
7.0
1 .5
3.0
>2
0.u
>2
0.U
>2
0.0
>2
0.U
3.0
1 .5 .
7.7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7
1.0
1 .5
1.5
2.0
3.0 .7
1 .5
1 .5
2.0 .7 .5 .7
.3
.5 .3
1 .5
3.0
1 .0
.20
,30
,30
.30
.30
.20
.20
.30
,20
.30
.50
.50
.70
.70
.30
2,000
700
73J
1 ,500
1 , 500
3,000
1 , 50J
2,0 00
700
1 rOGO
1 , 500
1 ,500
1 ,500
2,000
1 ,500
300 15 10 15 10 15 10 10 15 10 10 10 10 15 15
Sample
T a D
I e
1 .
Analytical data for the minus 30 m e s n
stream sediment samples collected ourin^ tne 0.5.G.S.-C.R.M. detailed
study of
tne Los Tomales area/ northern Sonora/ Mexico.--continued
8 a
ppm-S
Be ppm-S
u i
ppm S
Co ppm-S
Cr ppm-S
Cu ppm-S
La ppm-S
Mo ppm-S
Ni ppm-S
LIT zas
LT123S
LT124S
LT125S
LT126S
LT127S
LT128S
LT129S
LT130S
LT131S
LT1323
LT133S
LT1343
LT135S
LT136S
700
1 ,000
1/500
1 ,000
1/500
1 ,500
1 ,000
1 ,000
1 ,500
1 ,500
1 ,500
1,000
1 ,500
1 ,000
1 ,000
1 . 5
1 .5
1 .5
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1 .5
2.0
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
2.0
105 7 7 5 7 7
105 7
15 15 15 307
10 10
200
300
1 00
700
00
30 1 5
30
30 7
30 50 70 50 30 50 30 50 50 10
30 5 7 7 5 7 5 5
1 5 7
15 10 15 20 15
20 7157
10 15 10 157
15 30 30 20 707
Sample
Table
1 .
Analytical data for
the minus 30 mesh stream sediment samples collected during the U.S.G.S.-C.R.M. detailed
study of th
e Los To in
ales area* northern Sonora/ Mexico.--continued
Pb ppm-S
S c
p pm-S
Sn ppm-S
S r
ppm-S
V ppm-S
Y p pm-S
Z n
ppm-S
Zr ppm-S
LT122S
LT1 23S
LT124S
LT125S
LT126S
LT127S
LT1 23S
LT129S
LT13CS
LT131S
LT132S
LT133S
LT134S
LT135S
LT136S
7C
3C3C
30C
1 5C
20C
30C
70C
1 5C
10C
50C
30C
10C
50C
15C
5 <55
<5
<5
5 5 5 5 7 7 715 157
N N
111
1U N 10 N
200
200
2CU
2GO
2GU
200
1 5U
1 50
300
300
300
300
700
300
1 50
70
30
7U
70
30 70 70 70 70
1 00
500
500
300
500 70
15 10 10 15 10 15 15 15 10 10 15 15 15 15 20
150 70 70
300
150
200
150
150
200 70
300
300
700
500
300
>< <* c> 0) 3
<u m -c £ E (/>
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Sa
mp
le
Ta
ole
2
.A
naly
tical
da
ta
for
the
nonm
agnetic
fra
ctio
n
of
the
he
avy
min
era
l co
nce
ntr
ate
sanple
s
co
lle
cte
d
duriny
the
U
.S.G
.S.-
C.R
.M.
deta
ilea
stu
ay
of
the
L
os
To
ma
les
are
a/
nort
hern
S
o n
o r
a /
Mexic
o.
8 a
pp;n
-Sb
i p
pm
-SC
d ppm
-SC
o
pp
m-S
C r
ppm
-SC
u ppm
-SL
a
pp
m-S
Mo
ppm
-SN
b
pp
m-S
Ni
pp
m-S
PT
1
1 65H
NP
T1
1 6
6m
NP
T 1
1 6
7 H
MP
T 1
1 6
8 rt
rjP
T 1
1 6
V ri
N
L T
0 0
1 H
NL
T 0
0 2
H ,M
LT
OU
3H
NL
T 0
C 4
H N
LT
00
5H
N
L T
0 0
6 H
NL
TO
Q7
HN
LTO
OS
ri.M
LT
009H
ML
T0
1 J
HN
LT
01
1H
NLT
01 2
HN
LT
01 3
HN
L T
0 1
4 H
NLT
01 5
hN
LT
01
6H
,'JL
T0
1 7
HN
LT
018H
ML
T 0
1 9
ri ,N
L T
0 ~<L
0 ri
,NJ
LT
021 n
NL
T U
2 2
H N
LT
OZ
3H
NL
T0
24
HU
LT
02
5H
N
L T
0 2
6 H
MLT
027H
NLT
028H
NL
T0
29
HN
LT
03
0H
N
LT
031 H
NL
T 0
3 2
H M
LT
03
3H
.JLT
034nU
LT
035rt
,J
LT
u 3
6H
KLT
039H
HL
Tu
<,C
H.v
jLT
041 H
NL
T U
4 2
ri f i
>1
0,O
GO
>1
0,0
00
5,
DO
G5,0
00
7,
Ju
U
1 ,5
00
1,5
00
70
07,0
00
1 ,5
00
1,5
UG
2,0
00
1,5
00
3,0
00
3,0
00
10,0
00
7,0
00
700
700
5,0
00
1,0
00
1,0
00
>1 0
,000
1 5,0
00
5,G
OU
7,0
00
5,0
00
1,5
00
3,
DO
C>
10
,00
0
700
5,0
00
>10,O
OU
5,0
00
1,0
00
>10,O
UO
10,
QU
O1 ,5
00
700
1,5
00
7UO
30
01,3
00
1 ,5
00
1 ,
U U
u
100
<20
20
<20
300 70 20N N
<20
<20 N N N N
70
<20
<20 N N
<20
<20
<20 20
<20
<2Q
<20
<20
70
100 70
200 N
<2
0
<20
<2
0 N
<20
3U
<2
0
70
<20 N
70
N N
N
<50
<50
N<
50
<5
0
<5
0<
50 N N N N
<5
0
<5
0
<50
<50 N N
<50
<5
0 N N
<5
0
<50
<50
<50 N N N N
<50 N
100
<50
<5
0 N
<5
0
<5G
<
50
<5
0 N
N N N N N
10 30 15N
N
1 5
20
1
5 N 30
15 1 5
00 15
00 15 10
10
15 15
10
1 5
15 15 1 5
00
3
0
10
00 N
15 15 15
1 5
30
N0
0
10
1
0
1 5
N N N N N
<2C
20
20<
20
N
70 70N
<2
0
<2
0<
20 20 30N
<2
0<
20 N
<2
0 N N<
20
20
<2
0
<2
0
50
20
<2
0 N
<2
0<
20
20
50
50
<20
<2
0<
20
20 30
30200
70
0700
50
0 70300
500
1 50
200
20
030
030
0 7050
0
10
03
00
300
300
150
300
15
030
030
030
0 70
150
300
300
150 30
20
0 70 30 20
70
70 70
1 50
1 50
20
1 50
20
0 70
20
0
150
30
03
00
200
1 5
0
30
03
00
30
0300
30
0
30
0300
300
200
30
0
300
300
300
30
03
00
300
200
20
0300
300
20
0300
300
300
500
15
0300
15
0150
70
1 50
15
02
00
30
0200
100
300
300
30
0300
1 ,5
00
70
01
,500
1 ,0
00
>5,0
00
70
07
07
00
1 ,0
00
15
0
700
300
100
70
070
10
0150
3,0
00
100
200 50
700
1 ,0
00
>D
,00
01
,500
1 ,5
00
1 ,5
00
3,0
00
150
1 ,0
00
2,0
00
15
07
00
700
150
50
01
00
70
50
150
1 50
1 ,5
00
300
700
150
15U
<5
0<
50
<50
<5U
<5U 70
<5
0<
50
50
70
70
50
<50
<50 50
50
20
0100
<50 50
50
50
1 00
70 50
70
70 50
50
<50
<50
1 5
02
00
<50
<50
<50 70
70
<50
<50 70
70 5U
<5
U
<50 10
<5
0 N<
50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50 N N N N
150
150 N N N
<50
<50
<50 N N N N N
81
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O n O
Sa
mp
le
Table
2
. A
na
lytica
l data
fo
r th
e
nonm
agnetic
fra
ctio
n
of
-th
e
heavy
min
era
l concentr
ate
sa
mp
les
co
lle
cte
d
du
rin
g
the
U
.S.G
.S.-
C.R
.M.
de
taile
d
stu
cy
of
the
Los
To
ma
les
are
a ,
nort
hern
S
onora
/ M
exic
o.-
-continuea
Lati
tud
eLong i
to
de
FeX
-SM
yX-S
C a
% -
ST
i%-S
Mn
pp
m-S
Ag
ppm
-SA
u p
pm
-S8
pp
m-S
L T
0 4
3 ri
.NLT
044H
NL
TC
45
rt,\
L T
0 4
6 n
UL
T U
4 S
H ,\
L T
0 4
9 H
ML
T0
50
rir»
LT
051 H
NLT
053n,M
L T
U 5
4 H
N
L T
0 5
5 H
f 4L
T0
56
HN
LT
057H
NL
T 0
5 S
h N
LT
G5
9n
N
LT
Ob
Gh
NL
T 0
6 1
h N
L TO
6 2
UN
LTO
t>3r
if4LT
Oo<
+ri,'
<
LT
U0
5H
NL
T 0
6 7
ri N
L T
0 o
0 H
r JL
T 0
c V
H n
L T
1
1 o n
N
LT
1
1 7rlN
LT
1 3
3H
U
31 31 31 31 3 1
31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 3 I
A & 9 91U 10
1U 10 10 u 10 10
109 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 a 9 9
10
10 8
52 50
1 5
1 0
1 5
1 to
21 16
35 35
32
32
29 25
26 23
24
22 18
1 4
1 2
57
54 534 4
57
111
1 11
111
111
111
1 11
111
111
11 1
111
111
111
111
111
111
111
1 11
1 1
111
111
1
111
11 1
1 11
111
111
111
111
23 23
23
23
25
25
25 24
24
24
25
25
25 24
24 24
24
24 24
24
24 24 23
23
23 23
24
10 9
23
22 5 5 2
57
56
57 1 2 2
52
52
49
46
41 41 36
36
21 31 25 10 9
30
.72.0
3.0
5.0
1 . 5
.32.0 .7
1 .
51 .U .7
1 .0
1 . 5
.7 .7 .71 .5
1 . 5
.71 .5
2.0
1 .0
1 .2
2.0
1 .0 . 7
1 .0
.50
.70
.70
1 .0
01 .5
0
.30
1 .0
0.70
.70
.70
.70
.70
1 .00
.30
.70
.50
.70
.50
.70
1 .5
0
.70
.70
1.50
1.50
.20
.10
.10
3 71 5 7 7 5
10 15 1 5
15 157
10 107
15 1 5
157
10 10 157
105 3 3
2.0
>2.0
1 .5
1 .5
>2.0 .7
>2.0
>2.0
>2.0
>2.0
>2.0
>2.0
>2.0
1 .5
1 .5
>2.0
2.0
>2.0
1.5
>2.0
>2.0
>2.0
1 .5
>2.0
2.0
2.0
>2.0
2,000
3,000
7,000
7,000
1 ,500
300
1 ,500
1 ,500
1 ,500
1 ,500
1 ,000
1 ,500
1,500
1 ,500
1 ,000
1 ,500
1 ,500
1 ,500
1,500
3,000
2,000
1 ,500
2,000
3,000
500
300
500
1.0
5.0
7.0
1 0.0
3.0
7.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
5.0
1 .0
10.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
1 5.
010.0
<1 .0
15.0
7.0
5.0 N N
70.0
3^000
1,5
00
1
,50
0
1 ,5
00
70 30 70 20 30 30 30 20
70
50
50 30 20
20 30 30
100 20
150
300 N N N
Samp le
Taole 2.
Analytical data for
the
nonmagnetic fraction of the heavy mineral concentrate samples collected during th
e U.S.G.S.-C.R.M. detailed study of the Los Tcroales area* northern
S o n o
r a
/ Mexico.--continued
d a
ppm-S
B i ppm-S
Cd pp
.-n-
SCo ppm-S
Cr ppm-S
Cu ppm-S
La ppm-S
Mo ppm-S
Nb ppm-S
N i ppm-S
L T 0 4 3 n
,\LT044HU
LT045HN
L T 0
4 6 H N
L T 0 4 a H
tJ
700
1/500
J/OOU
2/QGO
700
<20
<20
<20
100
<20
<50
<50
<50
<50
100
10 1 5
1 5
1 5
<20
<2o
<20
70
30
701 50
1 50 70
1 00
150
200
300
300
300
<1 0
300
150
700 10
<50
70
70100 50
N N N100 N
to O
L T 0
4 9 H
,M LTOSOmM
LT051HM
LT053HN
L T 0
5 A H
,N
LT055H.M
L T 0
5 6 H N
LT057HM
LT058HN
L T 0
5 9 H N
LTQ60HN
L T 0 6
1 H
,M LT062HN
L T 0 6 3 H
,ML
T 0 o A H N
LT065HN
LTQ67HIJ
LT069HfJ
LT 1
16HN
1/000
3,QUO
7/000
150
150
2/000
2/000
300
5/000
10/000
3/000
2/000
3/000
3/000
1 /500
500
2/000
1/500
7/JOO
10/000
N N20 N
30 N
500
30 N
<20 30 N
100
<20 N N70
30
<20 N
10C
<50
<50
<50
<50 N N
<50
<50 N
<50
<50
<50
<50
100
<50
100 N
<50 N
30 10 10
N15
1 5
15 15 15 1 5
30 15 10 15 15 N
<20
20
<20
<20
<2C
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20 20
<20 20 20N
1 5
200
10C
150
1 50
1 50 70
150 50 70 70
1 50
200 70
150
300
100 70
300 70
150
300
300
300
1 50
150
150
200
1 50
150
150
150
150
150
150
1 50
150
150
150
300
1 5
50 30500
500
300
.000
100
<10
150 70
100
700 50 70
700 20
100
150
150
N<50
<50 50
<50
<50
50<50 N70
<50 50 70N
<50 70
<50
<50 50 N
N<5
0 <50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50 N
LT
117hN
L
T1
35
HN
>1
0/f
ju0
2/0
00
30
20
0200 70
15
030
0150
150
Sa
mp
le
Taole
2.
Analy
tical
da
ta
for
the
nonm
agnetic
fraction
of
the
h
ea
vy
min
era
l concentr
ate
sa
mp
les
co
lle
cte
d
during
the
U.S
.G.S
.-C
.R.M
. d
eta
ile
d
stu
dy
of
the
Lcs
To.n
ale
s
are
a/
nort
hern
S
o n
o r
a ,
Me
xic
o.-
-co
ntin
ue
d
Po
p
pm
-SS
c p
pm
-SS
n
ppm
-SS
r ppm
-SV
ppm
-SW
ppm
-SY
pp
m-S
Z r
ppm
-ST
h
pp
m-S
LT
CK
3hN
L
T 0
4 4
h N
L T
0 4
5 ri
N LT
LU
6H
N
L T
0 4
3 h
N
L T
U 4
9 H
rj
L T
0 5
0 ri
N
LT
051 r
IN
LT
Q5
3H
N
L T
0 5
^ H
N
LTQ55HN
L T 0 5 6 H H
LTQ5/HN
LTG58HN
LTQ59HN
LT
060ri,-
M
LT
061H
.M
L T
0 6
2 H
M L
T0
63
rtN
LT
06
5H
N
LT
067H
.M
L T
0 6
8 ri
.M L
TQ
69
r)f4
L
T1
16
HM
LT
1 1
7H
N
LT
1 3
3H.M
30
C
2,O
GC
1,5
UC
3,O
OC
1 5C
30C
3U
L1
,50
C1
0,G
QC
1/5
0C
3/O
OC
30C
1 /5
0C
1 5,O
OC
1 ,5
0C
70C
1,5
0C
7,O
OC
3/O
OC
7
, u
Q C
U50C
1
,5G
C
2., Q
0 C
1,O
OC
1
5/O
OC
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h >
20
0
>aoo
>200
50 30<
2Q <2
0 20 N
30 20 30 30 20
<20 20
N<
20
<2
0 N
30
N<
20 50
<
20
<
^U 50
200
200
700
500
3UO
200
500
700
500
300
500
300
300
300
700
300
500
500
300
500
700
500
700
700
1,000
700 N
1 50
1 50
1 50
200
300
1 50
150
200
200
300
1 50
1 50
300
100
150
150
20C
200
150
200
300
300
200
300 700
500
200
N10
01
0,0
00
15,0
00
1 50
700
150
100 N
000 N
3,0
00
300
100
3,0
00
150
3,0
00
5,0
00
1 50
<10
0
<1
00
150
150 N
N
500
300
300
300
300
300
200
200
300
300
300
300
200
1 50
200
200
1 50
200
300
300
300
300
200
300
1 50
300 5
00
500
500
>2
,00
0>
2,0
00
>2,0
00
>2,0
00
>2
,00
0
>2
,00
0>
2,0
00
>2,0
00
>2,0
00
>2,0
00
>2
,00
0>
2,0
00
>2
,00
0>
2,0
00
>2
,00
0
>2,0
00
>2
,00
0>
2,0
00
>2,0
00
>2,0
00
>2,0
00
>2,0
00
>2,0
00
>2
,00
0>
2,0
00
>2,0
00
>2/0
00
N N N N <
500 N
N N N N N700
<50
Q N 500 N N N N N N N N N
TABLE 3. Limits of determination for the spectrographic analysis ofstream sediments, based on a 10-mg sample
[The spectrographic limits of determination for heavy-mineral-concentrate samples are two reporting units higher than the limits given for rocks and stream sediments]
Elements Lower determination limit Upper determination limit
Percent
Iron (Fe)Magnesium (Mg)Calcium (Ca)Titanium (Ti)
0.05.02.05.002
2010201
Parts per mil lion
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100.5
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TABLE 5. Limits of determination for the spectrographic analysis ofplant ash based on 5-mg samples
Elements
Iron (Fe)
Magnesium (Mq)
Titanium (Ti)
Manganese (Mn)
Silver (Aq)
Arsenic (As)
Gold (Au)
Boron (B)
Barium (Ba)
Beryllium (Be)
Bismuth (Bi)
Cadmium (Cd)
Cobalt (Co)
Chromium (Cr)
Copper (Cu)
Lanthanum (La)
Molybdenum (Mo)
Niobium (Nh)
Nickel (Ni)
Lead (Pb)
Antimony (Sb)
Tin (Sn)
Strontium
Vanadium
Tunqsten (W)
Yttrium (Y)
Zinc (Zn)
Zirconium (Zr)
Sodium (Na)
Lithium (Li)
Lower determination limit ppm
50
100
10
10
.1
200
2
5
20
.5
1
1
5
1
1
20
2
20
5
1
20
5
100
5
50
5
100
10
500
200
Upper determination limit ppm
50,000
100,000
10,000
10,000
500
5,000
500
1,000
20,000
100
500
500
1,000
1,000
5,000
500
500
500
1,000
5,000
5,000
500
5,000
1,000
1,000
500
20,000
1,000
50,000
10,000
29
