Analytical Challenges and Way Forward for Strengthening...
Transcript of Analytical Challenges and Way Forward for Strengthening...
Analytical Challenges and Way Forward
for Strengthening Food Safety Value Chain
Ranjan Mitra, PhD
President- Elect, India Section of AOAC INTERNATIONAL
The Food Supply Chain remains the most complex industrial supply
chain.
Image: CKMNT; adapted from Centres for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA
• Numerous possible routes
for introduction and trans-
mission of foodborne
hazard.
• The quality of food is
impaired by various
agrochemicals, veterinary
drug residues, adulterants,
microbial contaminants, and
environmental factors.
• Coordination of intervention
and control strategies.
Complexity of the International Agro-Food Trade Network and Its
Impact on Food Safety - Ercsey-Ravasz M, et. al. (2012). PLoS ONE 7(5):
e37810.
Backbone of the International Agro-Food
Trade Network
• Food trade is growing faster than the
food production.
• Food ingredients flow at an increasing
rate from countries to countries.
Food Fraud
Substitution
Concealment
Mislabeling
Grey Market Production/
Theft/ Diversion
Unapproved Enhancements
Dilution
Counterfeiting
Sunflower oil partially
substituted with mineral oil.
Harmful food
coloring
applied to fresh
fruit to cover
defects.
Expiry,
provenance
(unsafe origin).
Sale of excess
unreported product.
Melamine added to
enhance protein
value.
Copies of popular
foods - not
produced with
acceptable safety
assurances.
Olive oil
diluted with
potentially
toxic tea
tree oil.
Veterinary Drugs
Sudan Dyes
Allergens
MycotoxinsMelamine
PAHs
Perfluorinated
compounds
Food Contact
Materials
Pesticides
Credits to Dr. Paul Young, Waters
The Analytical
Strategy
More
Testing??
Measuring
Absolute, Chasing
Zero??
SPECIFIC
Applies the results of the vulnerability assessments
Adapts testing to type of fraud
MEASURABLE
Provides clear indicators of Food Fraud
Takes into account associated level of risk
ASSIGNABLE
Makes clears who is responsible and where testing should be carried out
REALISTIC
Takes into account available resources and testing procedures
TRACEABLE
Uses results to spot trends and avoid future incidents
Credits to Michele Lees, Eurofins
A Risk-based Strategy for Controlling Chemical Contaminants as
Relevant Hazards in Food Ingredients - Paul R. Hanlon, et. al. Food
Protection Trends, March 2015, Vol 35, No. 2, p.89–100
• Determination of overall risk using the product of probability and severity.
• The overall risk to a food ingredient from a chemical contaminant is the product
of the probability of that contaminant being present and the severity of toxicity
that contaminant would produce if it were to be present at a particular
concentration.
Probability of Contaminant in Commodity Category
Sev
erit
y o
f
Toxic
ity
Probable (4) Reasonably Probable (3) Potential (2) Remote (1)
Severe (4) High Medium Medium Low
High (3) Medium Medium Medium Low
Medium (2) Medium Medium Low Low
Low (1) Low Low Low Low
ADULTERANT ANALYTICAL SOLUTION
Sudan dyes in spices Chromatography
Melamine in milk powder Chromatography
Horsemeat in beef PCR
Gelatine in chicken breast Proteomics
Misdescription of fish species PCR, DNA bar coding
Conventional food/organic food HPLC, stable isotopes, etc
Seed oils in olive oil Chromatography
Cow's milk added to sheep's milk Electrophoresis
Adulteration of fruit juices Chromatography, stable isotopes, SNIF-NMR
Adulteration of wine NMR, stable isotopes
FEW EXAMPLES….
• Global harmonization of standards and methods
• Use of dispute resolution methods
• Use of universally recognized lab quality systems/proficiency
• Development of Fitness-for-purpose analytical methods for
emerging food safety issues
• A preventive approach based on risk rather than reactive approach
(end-product inspection and testing)
ANALYTICAL CHALLENGES: NEED FOR….
India Section of AOAC INTERNATIONAL keen to play a
significant role in resolving these analytical challenges.
AOAC INTERNATIONAL is a globally recognized,
independent, third party, not-for-profit association and
voluntary consensus based standards developing
organization founded in 1884.
To attain the vision of “worldwide confidence in analytical results,”
AOAC serves it’s stakeholders by providing the tools and processes
necessary to collaborate and through voluntary consensus building,
develop fit‐for‐purpose methods and services for ensuring quality
measurements.
Since its inception in 2011 India Section of AOAC
INTERNATIONAL has been a conduit between
AOAC INTERNATIONAL and the Indian
Analytical Community.
MAJOR ACHEIVEMENTS
• Organized workshops on pesticide residue analysis, food safety
and quality testing, heavy metal analysis in complex food
matrices, etc involving national & international experts.
• Organized Advanced Food Safety Analytics Master Class
Program in partnership with CII-FACE and VIMTA Labs
• Organized free Webinars on various analytical topics
• Significant progress in Vitamin B12 Collaborative Study as part
of applying the global methods (e.g. AOAC methods) for priority
nutrients to Indian foods/food product matrices of Infant Formula
and Adult Nutritionals
• Publications: A special section comprising 10 research papers
based on 2015 conference is in the process of publication in J
AOAC Int.
FUTURE ROADMAPNeed Based Analytical Method Development
• Development of need based analytical methods for the compliance
of regulatory bodies like FSSAI, BIS, EIC, APEDA, etc.
• Stakeholders can propose the study title and AOAC India can
initiate SLV/Collaborative studies to finally produce AOAC official
methods.
Need Based Expert Review Panels
• AOAC India can play a significant role in resolving method non-
compliance issues
• Expert review panels can be set up to review the potential
candidate methods & chose the ideal one fit-for-purpose
• Steps can be initiated to improve the SOPs by conducting
appropriate experiments in reference labs in consultation with
national/ international experts
NAC
• National
Problems
• Compliance
Requirements
• Help in setting
up the goals.
• Review Progress
IAC
• Global Compliance
& Sharing Best
Practices
• Help in promoting
the endeavors to
the AOAC Int.
• Review & facilitate
progress
Current Working Groups:
I: Analysis of food-borne contaminants (heavy metals, process contaminants, etc.)
II: Analysis of non-food-borne contaminants (pesticides, veterinary drugs, etc.)
III: Tolerances for the Nutrition Declaration on Foods and Food Supplements
IV: Microbiological methods
Working
group
Volunteers are the lifeblood of AOAC INTERNATIONAL and its Sections.
The chemists are a strange class of
mortals, impelled by an almost insane
impulse to seek their pleasures amid
smoke and vapor, soot and flame,
poisons and poverty; yet among all
these evils I seem to live so sweetly
that may I die if I were to change
places with the Persian king.
Johann Joachim Becher, 1635 to 1682
Food Safety
Quality Assurance
Regulatory Affairs
Analytical
Medical Safety
GMP Manufacturing
Managing Issues with a Cross-
Functional Team
Thank You