Analysis optimization and monitoring system

NO. Content Page

Chapter one Introduction 2

1.1 Energy sector in Palestine 2

1.2 Power system 3

1.3 Load flow analysis 4

1.4 Etab power station 5

1.5 SCADA System 6

1.5.1 SCADA hardware 6

1.5.2 SCADA software 6

1.6 About project 8

Chapter two Elements of the network 9

2.1 Distribution transformer 10

2.2 Medium voltage lines 11

2.2.1 Over head lines 11

2.2.2 Underground cables 12

2.2.3 Daily load curve 12

Chapter three Maximum Load Case Analysis 13

3.1 Maximum load case 14

3.2 Problems 14

3.3 The Maximum Load Case Improvement 15

3.4 Overloaded Transformers Problem 17

3.5 New connection Point Study for the maximum load case

18

3.6 Improving the network with the new connection point

19

Chapter four Minimum Load Case Study 20

4.1 Minimum Case Study 21

4.2 Minimum Load Study After The Connection Point And Solving Overloaded Transformers Problem

22

Chapter five Economical Study 24

Chapter six Monitoring System 27

6.1 Monitoring System 28

6.2 Current Measurement 28

6.3 Voltage Measurement 29

6.4 Power Factor Measurement 31

6.5 Frequency Measurement 33

6.6 The Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) 34

Appendices Tables 36

References 101

Chapter One

Introduction

1.1 Energy Sector in Palestine

Energy sector in Palestine faced many difficulties because of occupation. Till now

there is no unified power system in Palestine. Most of electrical energy depends on

IEC Company except Jericho which connected with Jordan and Gaza to Egypt

(17MW) through the interconnection project. The only generation plant is in Gaza

with generating capacity of 140MW. Distribution companies take the role of

distributing electricity in the different regions of Palestine.

The average annual growth rate of energy demand in west bank is 6.4%, and in Gaza

is 10% from 1999 to 2005. The following figure shows the growth pattern in West

Bank, Gaza Strip and the total Palestine forecast:

Fig. 1.1

The following table shows the forecast summary - peak demand (MW):

Table1.1

2025 2020 2015 2010 2009 2008 Year

1,714 1,347 1,059 885 845 806 Total

1,012 809 646 548 525 502 W.B.

701 538 413 336 320 303 Gaza

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Po

we

r (M

W)

Year

Power Demand

Total

W.B.

Gaza

1.2 Power System

The power system in general consists of these parts:

1. Generating station: And this part consists of

a. Generators in which electric power is produced by 3-phase alternators

operating in parallel. And usually electric power is generated at voltages of

12kv to 25kv.

b. Sub-station, where the power transformers step up the voltage to between

66kv 1000kv.

1. Primary transmission. The electric power at high voltages is transmitted by 3-

phase 3-wire overhead system to the outskirts of the city. This forms the primary

transmission.

2. Secondary transmission. The primary transmission line terminates at the

receiving station which usually lies at the outskirts of the city. At the receiving

station the voltage is reduced to 33kv or 22kv by step-down transformers.

3. Primary distribution. the secondary transmission line terminates at the sub-

station where voltage is reduced from the secondary voltage to the primary

distribution voltage usually 11kv could be 6.6kv 3-phase 3-wire .the 11kv lines

run along the important road sides of the city. And forms the primary

distribution.

4. Secondary distribution. The electric power form primary distribution line is

delivered to distribution sub-stations. These sub-stations are located near the

consumers localities and step down the voltage to 400v 3-phase 4-wire for

secondary distribution. And this forms secondary distribution.

1.3 Load Flow Analysis

Load flow analysis is probably the most important of all network calculations since it concerns the network performance in its normal operating conditions. It is performed to investigate the magnitude and phase angle of the voltage at each bus and the real and reactive power flows in the system components. Load flow analysis has a great importance in future expansion planning, in stability studies and in determining the best economical operation for existing systems. Also load flow results are very valuable for setting the proper protection devices to insure the security of the system. In order to perform a load flow study, full data must be provided about the studied system, such as connection diagram, parameters of transformers and lines, rated values of each equipment, and the assumed values of real and reactive power for each load.

Bus Classification

Each bus in the system has four variables: voltage magnitude, voltage angle, real power and reactive power. During the operation of the power system, each bus has two known variables and two unknowns. Generally, the bus must be classified as one of the following bus types:

1. Swing Bus

This bus is considered as the reference bus. It must be connected to a generator of high rating relative to the other generators. During the operation, the voltage of this bus is always specified and remains constant in magnitude and angle. In addition to the generation assigned to it according to economic operation, this bus is responsible for supplying the losses of the system.

2. Voltage Controlled Bus

During the operation the voltage magnitude at this the bus is kept constant. Also, the active power supplied is kept constant at the value that satisfies the economic operation of the system. Most probably, this bus is connected to a generator where the voltage is controlled using the excitation and the power is controlled using the prime mover control (as you have studied in the last experiment). Sometimes, this bus is connected to a VAR device where the voltage can be controlled by varying the value of the injected VAR to the bus.

3. Load Bus

This bus is not connected to a generator so that neither its voltage nor its real power

can be controlled. On the other hand, the load connected to this bus will change the

active and reactive power at the bus in a random manner. To solve the load flow

problem we have to assume the complex power value (real and reactive) at this bus.

1.4 ETAP Power Station

ETAP Load Flow software performs power flow analysis and voltage drop calculations

with accurate and reliable results. Built-in features like automatic equipment

evaluation, alerts and warnings summary, load flow result analyzer, and intelligent

graphics make it the most efficient electrical power flow analysis tool available

today.

ETAP load flow calculation program calculates bus voltages, branch power factors,

currents, and power flows throughout the electrical system. ETAP allows for swing,

voltage regulated, and unregulated power sources with unlimited power grids and

generator connections.

Fig. 1.2

http://etap.com/load-analyzer/load-analyzer.htm

1.5 SCADA System

SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) generally refers to industrial control systems (ICS): computer systems that monitor and control industrial, infrastructure, or facility-based processes, Industrial processes include those of manufacturing, production, power generation, fabrication, and refining, and may run in continuous, batch, repetitive, or discrete modes.

1.5.1 SCADA hardware. A SCADA system consists of a number of remote terminal units (RTUs) collecting field data and sending that data back to a master station, via a communication system. The master station displays the acquired data and allows the operator to perform remote control tasks. The accurate and timely data allows for optimization of the plant operation and process. Other benefits include more efficient, reliable and most importantly, safer operations. These results in a lower cost of operation compared to earlier non-automated systems. On a more complex SCADA system there are essentially five levels or hierarchies:

Field level instrumentation and control devices.

Marshalling terminals and RTUs.

Communications system.

The master station(s).

The commercial data processing department computer system. The RTU provides an interface to the field analog and digital sensors situated at each remote site. The communications system provides the pathway for communication between the master station and the remote sites. This communication system can be wire, fiber optic, radio, telephone line, microwave and possibly even satellite. Specific protocols and error detection philosophies are used for efficient and optimum transfer of data. The master station (or sub-masters) gather data from the various RTUs and generally provide an operator interface for display of information and control of the remote sites. In large telemetry systems, sub-master sites gather information from remote sites and act as a relay back to the control master station.

1.5.2 SCADA software SCADA software can be divided into two types, proprietary or open. Companies develop proprietary software to communicate to their hardware. These systems are sold as turnkey solutions. The main problem with this system is the overwhelming reliance on the supplier of the system. Open software systems have gained popularity because of the interoperability they bring to the system. Interoperability is the ability to mix different manufacturers equipment on the same system. Citect and WonderWare are just two of the open software packages available in the market for SCADA systems. Some packages are now including asset management integrated within the SCADA system. The typical components of a SCADA system are indicated in the next diagram.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_control_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_control_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabrication_(metal)

Fig 1.3 Key features of SCADA software are: User interface Graphics displays Alarms Trends RTU (and PLC) interface Scalability Access to data Database Networking Fault tolerance and redundancy Client/server distributed processing

1.6 About Project

The aim of this project is to do load flow study for the network of Tubas Electrical

Distribution Company (TEDCO). Then make a simulation for monitoring system for

the network. In this system the supervision part of monitoring systems will be done.

The electrical supply of the network is provided by IEC through 33KV overhead

transmission cables. The main connection point of the network is in Tyaseer with

capacity of 15MVA. And TEDCO distribute the electricity for the consumers. The

company is planning to add new connection point in Al Zawya.

TEDCO already has a small SCADA system. Which monitors the main lines of every

town, and for the transmission of the data from the RTUs they use SMS through

JAWWAL network. SMS method for the transmission of data is not reliable because

the system will not be online monitored they receive data every one hour also it is

expensive. The company plans to get internet through the power line, when they do

they will use it to monitor the network online.

Chapter two

Elements of the Network

2.1 Distribution Transformers

The network consists of 141 distribution transformer (33/0.4Y (KV)). The

transformers range from 50KVA to 630 KVA the following table shows them in

details:

Table 2.1

Number of Transformers Rating (KVA)

4 50

15 100

19 160

43 250

33 400

27 630

Fig 2.1

2.2 Medium Voltage Lines

2.2.1 Overhead Lines

The overhead lines used in the network are ACSR cables with different

diameters as the following table:

Table 2.2

Cable Name Cross sectional area

(mm2)

R (/Km) X (/Km) Nominal Capacity (A)

Ostrich 150 0.19 0.28 350

Cochin 110 0.25 0.29 300

Lenghorn 70 0.39 0.31 180

Aprpcot 50 0.81 0.29 130

Fig 2.2

2.2.2 Underground Cables

The underground cables used in the network are XLPE Cu (95 mm2)

Table 2.3

Diameter (mm2) R (/Km) X (/Km)

95 0.41 0.121

Fig 2.3

2.3 The daily load curve The daily load curve of the network is shown in the figure below:

Fig2.4

The daily load curve shows the maximum and the minimum demand over the day,

these values help in the analysis of the network.

Chapter three

Maximum Load Case Analysis

3.1 Maximum load case

Considering the maximum demand in the daily load curve (fig2.4), it is found that the

maximum load equals two and half of the average load.

Then analyze the network using ETAP power station.

Cables lengths and resistances are shown in appendix 1.

The transformers loading are shown in appendix 2.

3.2 Problems

After the analysis of this case the following problems appeared:

Under voltage buses (Appendix 3).

Overloaded transformer (Appendix 4).

Power factor less than 92%

Table 3.1 summarizes the results of the network analysis in the maximum load case

(total generation, demand, loading, percentage of losses, and the total power

factor.)

Table 3.1

MW MVAR MVA % PF

Swing Bus(es): 16.755 7.474 18.346 91.33 lag.

Generators: 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total Demand: 16.755 7.474 18.346 91.33 lag.

Total Motor Load: 9.368 4.148 10.245

91.44 lag.

Total Static Load: 6.760 2.245 7.123 94.9 lag.

Apparent Losses: 0.627 1.081

1. The P.F in the network equal 90.75 and this value causes a lot of problem

specially paying banalities and this value must be (0.92-0.95) the P.F is

related to the current in the network according that when P.F is poor the

current in the network is high this also can cause increasing the loses in the

network .

2. The PF improvement will show that the current will decrease, as a result the

losses will decrease

3. It is seen that the voltages on the buses are not acceptable. These voltages will be

less at the consumer side, under the machines rating which will cause a many

problems for the consumer.

3.3 The Maximum Load Case Improvement

There are different methods in order to improve the network to increase the

voltages and to put the PF within the range. Which will reduce the losses then the

problems for the consumer will decrease and the cost of KWH will decrease.

These methods are:

1. Tab changing in the transformer:

In this method the ratio of the taps on the transformer is changed in a range

of -5% to 5%. In this project the taps were changed to 5%. The location of the

changed taps is shown in Appendix 5

2. Adding capacitors:

The capacitors were added to reduce the reactive power which increases the

PF and the voltages of the buses. First the capacitor is added at the lowest

voltage bus then the one which have the larger voltage and so on. When

adding capacitors the PF should be lagging and more than 95%. The location

of the capacitor banks is shown in Appendix 6.

As mentioned adding capacitors will improve the PF.

The low PF cause problems as:

Higher Apparent Current.

Higher Losses in the Electrical Distribution network.

Low Voltage in the network.

Paying penalties.

Improving the power factor will avoid these problems.

Capacitor banks will increase the PF as the following:

Where:

Qc: the reactive power to be compensated by the capacitor. P: the real power of the load. old: the actual power angle. New: the proposed power angle. According to the previous equation the value of capacitor banks needed to be added in the network is:

PF old = 91.33%

PF new = 92% at least

Capacitor banks should be connected in delta connection on the low voltage side of the

transformer.

Table 3.2 shows summary for the results after adding the capacitors:

Table 3.2

MW MVAR MVA % PF

Swing Bus(es): 17.423 6.946 18.757 92.89 lag

Total Demand: 17.423 6.946 18.757 92.89 lag

Total Motor Load: 9.368 4.148 10.245 91.44 lag

Total Static Load: 7.399 1.668 7.585 97.55 lag


Voltages on the busses after improvement are shown in appendix 7.

3.4 Overloaded Transformers Problem After the improvement of the network in the maximum case there is the problem of the overloaded transformers. This problem was solved by changing transformers locations where the transformers which are large and the load on them small were changed with small highly loaded transformers. Then another transformers connected in parallel with the left overloaded transformers this will need to buy new transformers. Appendix 8 shows the operation of transformer changing. Table 3.3 shows the transformers which are needed to be bought: Table 3.3

Number of transformers KVA

6 630

1 250

Table 3.4 shows the extra transformers left after solving the overloaded transformers problem: Table 3.4

Number of transformers KVA

1 100

1 50

Table 3.5 summarizes the analysis results after changing transformers

Table 3.5

MW MVAR MVA % PF

Swing Bus(es): 17.388 6.867 18.695 93.01 lag

Total Demand: 17.388 6.867 18.695 93.01 lag




The voltages on the buses after changing the transformers are shown in Appendix 9.

3.5 New connection Point Study for the maximum load case

Tubas Electrical Distribution Company (TEDCO) is planning to add new connection

point for the company in Zawya area. This connection point is 5MVA rated.

Appendix 10 shows the voltages on the busses after adding the new connection

point. It is seen that the voltages after the new connection point were enhanced and

the losses decreased. And the power factor increased.

The following table shows the results summary after the new connection point

Table 3.6

MW MVAR MVA % PF

Swing Bus(es): 17.430 6.622 18.646 93.48 lag

Total Demand: 17.430 6.622 18.646 93.48 lag




3.6 Improving the network with the new connection point

As before the improvement is done by tap changing and adding capacitor banks.

The changed taps and the added capacitor banks are shown in Appendix 11

The operating voltages are shown in the same appendix.

Now all buses are operating over 100% voltages. This will make the voltages reach to

the consumer with fewer losses.

The results of the improving are summarized in the following table

Table 3.7

MW MVAR MVA % PF

Swing Bus(es): 17.454 6.558 18.645 93.61 lag.

Total Demand: 17.454 6.558 18.645 93.61 lag




Chapter Four

Minimum Load Case Study

4.1 Minimum Case Study

In the minimum load case the load is assumed to be half the maximum load.

The network analysis in this case shows the results in table 4.1

Table4.1

MW MVAR MVA % PF

Swing Bus(es): 8.381 3.480 9.075 92.36 lag

Total Demand: 8.381 3.480 9.075 92.36 lag




Appendix 12 shows the voltages on the buses for this case. It is noticed that these

voltages better than the voltages on the maximum load case.

Now taking the taps fixed as in the maximum load case the results shows that all the

buses have good voltage level and the power factor is in the range so no need to add

capacitor banks for this case, so the capacitor banks used in the network are all

regulated.

The following table shows the analysis summary with the taps changed

Table4.2

MW MVAR MVA % PF

Swing Bus(es): 8.720 3.614 9.439 92.38 lag

Total Demand: 8.720 3.614 9.439 92.38 lag




Voltages on buses after changing taps are shown in appendix 13

4.2 Minimum Load Study After The Connection Point And Solving

Overloaded Transformers Problem

After solving overloaded transformers problem, as seen before some transformers

were changed and new transformers connected in parallel with some of overloaded

transformers. Also the new connection point is connected to the network.

The results for minimum load study in this case are shown in the following table4.3

Table 4.3

MW MVAR MVA % PF

Swing Bus(es): 8.738 3.541 9.428 92.68 lag

Total Demand: 8.738 3.541 9.428 92.68 lag




Appendix 14 Shows the voltages on the buses in the minimum case after changing

the transformers and connecting the new connection point.

It is noticed that the voltages and the power factor in this case are good, so no need

to add new capacitor banks to the network in this case, therefore all capacitor banks

connected are regulated. Also it can be seen that the losses decreased.

The final results for the minimum load case are summarized in the following

table:

Table 4.4

MW MVAR MVA % PF

Swing Bus(es): 8.755 3.548 9.447 92.68 lag

Total Demand: 8.755 3.548 9.447 92.68 lag




The final voltages for the maximum case are shown in appendix 15

Chapter Five

Economical Study

Economical study

In this chapter economical study for the network will be done. This study is needed

to know whether it is reliable to connect the capacitor banks to the network or not.

Capacitor banks are reliable to be added to the network if their cost is acceptable

compared with the losses cost and power factor penalties, and their payback period

less than.

From this study the company can define its plans for the network.

In order to calculate the penalties on the low power factor, it is needed to know the

relation between low power factor and the penalty which is shown in the following

table

Table 4.1

PF Penalties

Over 92% No penalties

From 80% to 92% 1% of the total bill for every 1% decrease of PF

From 70% to 80% 1.25% of the total bill for every 1% decrease of PF

Less than 70% 1.5% of the total bill for every 1% decrease of PF

The amount of reactive power added to the network by capacitor banks is

The following parameters needed for the economical study:

P max= 16.755 MW

P min= 8.381 MW

Losses before improvement = 0.627 MW

Losses after improvement = 0.435 MW

PF before improvement = 91.33%

PF after improvement= 93.61%

The following calculations need to be applied to do the economical study:

NIS

NIS

Cost of losses:

Losses before improvement = 627 0.748 = 468.996 KW

Energy = 468.996 8760 = 410.8404 104 KWH

Total cost=410.8404 104 0.45 = 1848782.232 NIS/YEAR

Losses after improvement = 435000 0.748 = 325.38 KW

Energy=325.38 8760 = 285.03288 104 KWH

Cost of losses=285.03288 104 0.45 = 128.2647 104 NIS/YEAR

= 566134 NIS/YEAR

Total capacitor = 905 KVAR

Cost per KVAR with control circuit = 15JD = 90NIS

Total cost of capacitors=905 90 = 81450 NIS

Total cost of transformers = 6 * 8200$ + 1 * 4000$

= 53200$ = 186200 NIS

Total investment cost = 81450 + 186200 = 267650 NIS

=3310072 + 566134 = 3876206 NIS

Chapter Six

Monitoring System

6.1 Monitoring System

The second part of the project is to simulate monitoring system for the network. PIC

microcontroller is used to do the monitoring. Monitoring the network is important to the

electricity distributers, it make them make a better informed real time decisions and helps

them for future planning for the grid.

The monitoring system designed in this project concentrates on the supervision part of

monitoring systems.

The monitoring system designed for this project consists of the following parts:

Measurement devices.

The remote terminal unit (RTU).

Computer interface.

6.2 Current Measurement

It is important for the network supervisor to know the current in the network, because high

short circuit currents can cause severe damages in the system if they are not cured. The

supervisor can do the needed procedures for high currents before they cause the damage,

that if the protective devices in the network did not work well.

In this project the following circuit is used to measure the current:

Fig 6.1

The current transformer (C.T) gives 4 volts at 10 amperes flowing in the primary side, then

the output voltage of the current transformer and according to Ohms law is divided on the

resistor connected in parallel with the transformer.

The signal then amplified by the op-amp (op amp amplification ratio is

) but this amplifier

inverse the signal so the buffer is used to get the signal in its actual shape. The buffer also

do the task of current isolation, to prevent relatively high current to damage the electronic

components in the next stage.

After this stage a rectifier circuit is used to take the peak of the voltage signal, to be in the

range of the microcontroller input. The rectifier circuit shown in the next figure

Fig 6.2

The low pass filter is to remove the high frequencies. The diode is to cut the negative half

wave of the voltage signal. The capacitor is to smooth the output DC signal.

6.3 Voltage Measurement

Voltage is another important parameter in the network, low voltages causes high currents. It

is needed to keep the voltages in a good range to keep the machines on the consumer side

work effectively and to reduce the losses in the network.

The way used to measure the voltage in this project is shown in the following circuit

Fig 6.3

Here conventional transformer is used here instead of the potential transformer because it

is cheaper. The transformer ration is 220v:3.6v, as before the buffer is used for current

isolation and impedance matching.

As in the current measurement it is needed to rectify the voltage output signal to match the

controller output. The circuit is shown in figure

Fig 6.4

6.4 Power Factor Measurement

The power factor is defined as cosine the angle between current and voltage signals. Here

the current and voltage signals will be transform to pulses, then they will be injected to PLL

(CD4046), the output of PLL will be the puls which its width represents the phase shift

between the signals.

The circuit to transform the signals from sign waves to a puls is shown below

Fig 6.5

Two distinct circuits will be needed to transform current and voltage signals to pulses. The

input of the circuit used for current signal is from circuit in figure 6.1. and the voltage signal

is from circuit in figure 6.3.

Fig 6.6

The output of the PLL will be connected to B0 input of the microcontroller. Figure 6.6 shows

this operation.

6.1.1 shows the two signals A and B.

6.1.2 shows signal A pulses.

6.1.3 shows signal B pulses.

6.1.4 shows the output of PLL

Fig 6.7

A counter in the microcontroller will count the duration of the phase shift signal. The 50Hz

signal will have a duration of 20ms and 3600 so the angle of the phase shift will be found

according to the following relation (assume the duration of the phase shift puls is T and the

angle between the signals is ).

Then the power factor will be cosine the angle.

6.5 Frequency Measurement

In the frequency measurement the circuit in figure 6.3 in addition to other PLL will be

used. The output of the circuit will be sent to microcontroller and to the PLL, the

second input of the PLL will be a fixed signal with 20ms(i.e. 50Hz) from the

microcontroller will be applied to it.

The output of the PLL will be the difference between the fixed signal from the

microcontroller and the voltage pulses, the difference duration will be either added

or subtracted from the 50Hz. Addition and subtraction will be according to the

voltage puls duration, if it is more than 20ms it will be subtracted if less it will be

added. The duration of the voltage puls will be counted in the microcontroller.

Assume the duration of the PLL output is X and the voltage signal duration is Y

If Y>20ms then,

Else if Y

6.6 The Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)

The remote terminal unit control and send the data collected from the network

process them and send them to the supervision computer. The microcontroller used

in the RTU is PIC16F877A. PIC microcontroller is used because it is simple, available

all the time, and cheap.

The basic circuit for this microcontroller is shown in fig 6.9 below.

Fig 6.9

The data from the measurement devices is not the actual values for the network

parameters, calibration is done for the measurement devices and the values of the

measurement devices is multiplied by the factors in the microcontroller to return to

their actual value, then these values will be send to the computer.

To connect the microcontroller to the computer MAX232 is used to send the data

serially to the computer through RS232. As in the circuit in figure 6.10.

Fig 6.10

In the computer an application programmed using C# programming language to read

the data from the serial port and preview them.

Pictures for the project in appendix A16

Appendix 1

Cables lengths and resistances

X () R () area (mm2) L (km) NR NS

0.28 0.19 150 1 2 1

0.7 0.475 150 2.5 3 2

0.1204 0.0817 150 0.43 03 3

0.10304 0.06992 150 0.368 4 03

0.14 0.095 150 0.5 5 4

0.084 0.057 150 0.3 6 5

0.0308 0.0209 150 0.11 7 6

0.0145 0.0125 110 0.05 8 7

0.029 0.025 110 0.1 9 8

0.0775 0.0975 70 0.25 10 9

0.1705 0.2145 70 0.55 11 10

0.093 0.117 70 0.3 12 11

0.062 0.078 70 0.2 13 12

0.093 0.117 70 0.3 14 12

0.43834 0.55146 70 1.414 15 14

0.124 0.156 70 0.4 16 15

0.217 0.273 70 0.7 17 16

0.124 0.156 70 0.4 18 17

0.124 0.156 70 0.4 19 18

0.093 0.117 70 0.3 20 19

0.0465 0.0585 70 0.15 21 20

0.1395 0.1755 70 0.45 021 21

0.0496 0.0624 70 0.16 22 021

0.062 0.078 70 0.2 23 22

0.124 0.156 70 0.400 64 021

0.37944 0.47736 70 1.224 65 64

0.217 0.273 70 0.700 66 64

0.31 0.39 70 1.000 67 66

0.18414 0.23166 70 0.594 71 66

0.0155 0.0195 70 0.050 72 66

0.372 0.468 70 1.200 68 67

0.36301 0.45669 70 1.171 70 68

0.09424 0.11856 70 0.304 69 68

0.2232 0.2808 70 0.720 73 72

0.155 0.195 70 0.500 74 73

0.37107 0.46683 70 1.197 75 72

0.31 0.39 70 1.000 76 75

0.372 0.468 70 1.200 77 76

0.3875 0.4875 70 1.250 78 77

0.372 0.468 70 1.200 80 78

0.031 0.039 70 0.100 79 78

0.124 0.156 70 0.4 24 23

0.031 0.039 70 0.1 25 24

0.062 0.078 70 0.2 26 25

0.062 0.078 70 0.2 27 24

0.0775 0.0975 70 0.25 28 22

0.031 0.039 70 0.1 29 28

0.0465 0.0585 70 0.15 30 28

0.031 0.039 70 0.1 31 22

0.155 0.195 70 0.5 32 20

0.0775 0.0975 70 0.25 33 32

0.0465 0.0585 70 0.15 34 19

0.031 0.039 70 0.1 35 34

0.248 0.312 70 0.8 36 35

0.372 0.468 70 1.2 37 36

0.0527 0.0663 70 0.17 38 36

0.465 0.585 70 1.5 39 34

0.093 0.117 70 0.3 40 39

0.1085 0.1365 70 0.35 41 39

0.124 0.156 70 0.4 42 17

0.124 0.156 70 0.4 43 16

0.124 0.156 70 0.4 44 15

0.465 0.585 70 1.5 45 14

0.713 0.897 70 2.3 46 45

0.372 0.468 70 1.2 47 45

0.83545 1.05105 70 2.695 48 14

0.31 0.39 70 1 49 48

0.155 0.195 70 0.5 50 49

0.24738 0.31122 70 0.798 51 50

0.155 0.195 70 0.5 52 51

0.2325 0.2925 70 0.75 53 52

0.0775 0.0975 70 0.25 54 53

0.031 0.039 70 0.1 55 53

0.93 1.17 70 3 56 51

1.24 1.56 70 4 57 56

0.093 0.117 70 0.3 58 50

0.062 0.078 70 0.2 59 50

0.0532 0.0361 150 0.19 60 5

0.0968 0.328 UG 95 0.8 61 60

0.196 0.133 150 0.7 62 61

0.476 0.323 150 1.7 63 62

0.058 0.05 110 0.2 180 82

0.2407 0.2075 110 0.83 181 180

0.058 0.05 110 0.2 182 180

0.1044 0.09 110 0.360 81 7

0.058 0.05 110 0.200 82 81

0.1247 0.1075 110 0.430 83 82

0.145 0.125 110 0.500 85 83

0.3277 0.2825 110 1.130 86 85

0.319 0.275 110 1.100 87 85

0.377 0.325 110 1.300 88 87

0.058 0.05 110 0.200 89 87

0.0348 0.03 110 0.120 90 89

0.1247 0.1075 110 0.430 92 90

0.29 0.25 110 1.000 93 92

0.58 0.5 110 2.000 94 93

0.1363 0.1175 110 0.470 95 93

0.6815 0.5875 110 2.350 96 95

0.0435 0.0375 110 0.150 97 96

0.203 0.175 110 0.700 98 97

0.3393 0.2925 110 1.170 99 98

0.145 0.125 110 0.500 100 99

0.058 0.05 110 0.200 101 100

0.07859 0.06775 110 0.271 102 101

0.087 0.075 110 0.300 103 101

0.1131 0.0975 110 0.390 104 103

0.0558 0.0702 70 0.180 106 103

0.7285 0.9165 70 2.350 107 106

0.2325 0.2925 70 0.750 108 107

0.124 0.156 70 0.400 109 108

0.2077 0.2613 70 0.670 110 109

0.434 0.546 70 1.400 111 110

0.031 0.039 70 0.100 112 109

0.992 1.248 70 3.200 113 112

0.155 0.195 70 0.500 114 113

0.1085 0.1365 70 0.350 115 113

0.558 0.702 70 1.800 116 115

0.0775 0.0975 70 0.250 117 116

0.1178 0.1482 70 0.380 118 116

0.62 0.78 70 2.000 119 118

0.124 0.156 70 0.400 120 119

0.1612 0.2028 70 0.520 121 119

0.093 0.117 70 0.300 122 121

0.0775 0.0975 70 0.250 123 118

0.5084 0.6396 70 1.640 124 123

0.62 0.78 70 2.000 125 123

0.124 0.156 70 0.400 126 125

0.2542 0.3198 70 0.820 127 125

0.155 0.195 70 0.500 128 123

0.372 0.468 70 1.200 129 128

0.248 0.312 70 0.800 130 128

0.217 0.273 70 0.700 131 130

0.5332 0.6708 70 1.720 132 131

0.372 0.468 70 1.200 133 132

0.0775 0.0975 70 0.250 151 100

0.031 0.039 70 0.100 152 151

0.775 0.975 70 2.500 153 152

0.0372 0.0468 70 0.120 154 153

0.0992 0.1248 70 0.320 155 153

0.062 0.078 70 0.200 156 155

0.031 0.039 70 0.100 157 156

0.434 0.546 70 1.400 158 156

0.0992 0.1248 70 0.320 159 155

0.031 0.039 70 0.100 160 159

0.527 0.663 70 1.700 161 159

0.1953 0.2457 70 0.630 162 161

0.2635 0.3315 70 0.850 163 162

0.62 0.78 70 2.000 164 163

0.31 0.39 70 1.000 165 163

0.31 0.39 70 1.000 166 165

0.465 0.585 70 1.500 167 166

0.093 0.117 70 0.300 168 167

0.775 0.975 70 2.500 169 168

0.1705 0.2145 70 0.550 170 151

0.837 1.053 70 2.700 171 170

0.0465 0.0585 70 0.150 172 171

0.527 0.663 70 1.700 173 172

0.248 0.312 70 0.800 174 172

0.372 0.468 70 1.200 175 174

0.093 0.117 70 0.300 176 175

0.2015 0.2535 70 0.650 177 175

0.372 0.468 70 1.200 134 96

0.186 0.234 70 0.600 0.0134 134

0.372 0.468 70 1.200 135 134

0.093 0.117 70 0.300 136 135

0.093 0.117 70 0.300 137 136

0.93 1.17 70 3.000 138 136

0.124 0.156 70 0.400 139 138

0.0465 0.0585 70 0.150 140 139

0.155 0.195 70 0.500 141 140

0.093 0.057 150 0.300 142 140

0.186 0.114 150 0.600 143 140

0.062 0.038 150 0.200 144 143

0.155 0.095 150 0.500 145 144

0.713 0.437 150 2.300 146 138

0.124 0.076 150 0.400 147 146

0.0775 0.0475 150 0.250 148 146

0.155 0.095 150 0.500 149 148

0.02077 0.01273 150 0.067 150 148

0.1302 0.0798 UG 95 0.420 84 83

0.155 0.095 UG 95 0.500 91 90

0.0682 0.0418 UG 95 0.220 105 104

Appendix 2

Transformers Loading

Transformer PF S

rated S average S max LF max S min LF min

Tubas-Housing 0.999 250 104.7899 209.5798 0.838319 104.7899 0.41916

Tubas- Abu Omar 0.934 400 199.8465 399.693 0.999233 199.8465 0.499616

Tubas-Almaslamani

0.944 630 186.4631 372.9262 0.591946 186.4631 0.295973

Tubas-Allan 0.914 250 112.6163 225.2326 0.90093 112.6163 0.450465

Tubas-Almasaeed 0.937 250 183.8042 367.6084 1.470434 183.8042 0.735217

Tubas-Alhawooz 0.955 400 190.5618 381.1236 0.952809 190.5618 0.476405

Tubas-Station 0.947 630 187.8887 375.7774 0.596472 187.8887 0.298236

Tubas- Aldaqanyia 0.944 250 81.0795 162.159 0.648636 81.0795 0.324318

Tubas-Alenabosi 0.968 250 47.02444 94.04888 0.376196 47.02444 0.188098

Tubas-Althoghra 0.933 160 56.73022 113.4604 0.709128 56.73022 0.354564

Tubas-Sameeh 0.94 250 14.06143 28.12286 0.112491 14.06143 0.056246

Tubas-Alaqaba 0.681 400 53.82302 107.646 0.269115 53.82302 0.134558

Tubas- Brick Factory

0.946 400 70.51845 141.0369 0.352592 70.51845 0.176296

Tubas- Aldayr 0.934 250 25.70299 51.40598 0.205624 25.70299 0.102812

Tubas- Almasriya 0.938 250 32.43101 64.86202 0.259448 32.43101 0.129724

Tubas-Spanish 0.949 100 10.68236 21.36472 0.213647 10.68236 0.106824

Tubas- Khalet Alloz

0.836 160 1.30705 2.6141 0.016338 1.30705 0.008169

Tubas-Alsafeh Northern

0.979 160 7.770959 15.54192 0.097137 7.770959 0.048568

Tubas-Transformers

Factory 0.897 400 7.405304 14.81061 0.037027 7.405304 0.018513

Tubas-Concrete Factory

0.983 250 14.55556 29.11112 0.116444 14.55556 0.058222

Tubas- Salhab(Alkaraj)

0.999 100 2.134035 4.26807 0.042681 2.134035 0.02134

Tubas- Well 0.951 630 7.554617 15.10923 0.023983 7.554617 0.011991

Aqaba- Eastern 0.9419 400 175.7835 351.567 0.878918 175.7835 0.439459

Aqaba- Western 0.888 400 194.3629 388.7258 0.971815 194.3629 0.485907

Aqaba- Gas Station

0.8 630 6.616667 13.23333 0.021005 6.616667 0.010503

Alfara Camp- Old Station

0.936 630 341.9371 683.8742 1.085515 341.9371 0.542757

Alfara Camp- Western

0.952 400 136.6954 273.3908 0.683477 136.6954 0.341739

Alfara Camp- Aleen

1 630 31.52777 63.05554 0.100088 31.52777 0.050044

Alfara Camp- School

0.921 250 59.96289 119.9258 0.479703 59.96289 0.239852

Alfara Camp- Water Well

0.979 400 68.63228 137.2646 0.343161 68.63228 0.171581

Alfara Camp- Alhawooz

0.953 400 1.187308 2.374616 0.005937 1.187308 0.002968

Wadi Alfara- Refat

0.888 400 116.4501 232.9002 0.582251 116.4501 0.291125

Wadi Alfara- Alhafreya

0.931 250 92.28379 184.5676 0.73827 92.28379 0.369135

Wadi Alfara- Alkazya

0.952 400 163.7862 327.5724 0.818931 163.7862 0.409466

Wadi Alfara- Aleen

1 630 42.88888 85.77776 0.136155 42.88888 0.068078

Wadi Alfara - Albasaten

0.972 630 136.1433 272.2866 0.432201 136.1433 0.2161

Wadi Alfara - Alsafeena

0.946 400 73.03442 146.0688 0.365172 73.03442 0.182586

Wadi Alfara - Sameet Tareq

0.917 250 14.71249 29.42498 0.1177 14.71249 0.05885

Wadi Alfara - Sameet Khader

0.911 250 70.99563 141.9913 0.567965 70.99563 0.283983

Wadi Alfara Sameer

0.931 250 60.32318 120.6464 0.482585 60.32318 0.241293

Wadi Alfara - Yaseedi Eastern

0.96 160 7.173338 14.34668 0.089667 7.173338 0.044833

Wadi Alfara-Yaseedi Western

0.968 250 13.53976 27.07952 0.108318 13.53976 0.054159

Wadi Alfara School

0.914 400 2.519051 5.038102 0.012595 2.519051 0.006298

Wadi Alfara -Abu Asad Crushers

0.661 250 11.19427 22.38854 0.089554 11.19427 0.044777

Ras Alfara- Alshareef

0.288 400 113.1005 226.201 0.565503 113.1005 0.282751

Ras Alfara- Alhaj Hakeem

0.912 630 193.1465 386.293 0.613163 193.1465 0.306582

Ras Alfara- Tubas Well

0.999 400 14.61996 29.23992 0.0731 14.61996 0.03655

Ras Alfara- Almalhame

0.923 630 57.32193 114.6439 0.181974 57.32193 0.090987

Ras Alfara- Khalet Alqaser2

0.971 630 33.57208 67.14416 0.106578 33.57208 0.053289

Ras Alfara- Khalet Alqaser 1

0.904 400 27.94077 55.88154 0.139704 27.94077 0.069852

Ras Alfara- Alkharaz Well

0.983 160 23.99241 47.98482 0.299905 23.99241 0.149953

Ras Alfara- Mwafaq Alfakhri

0.929 630 158.7152 317.4304 0.503858 158.7152 0.251929

RasAlfara-AgriculturalProject

0.956 630 199.1391 398.2782 0.632188 199.1391 0.316094

Ras Alfara- Alkhizran

1 160 42.7625 85.525 0.534531 42.7625 0.267266

Ras Alfara- Abu Hamed Well

0.921 630 87.50424 175.0085 0.277791 87.50424 0.138896

Ras Alfara- Samara Crushers

0.896 400 5.820702 11.6414 0.029104 5.820702 0.014552

RasAlfara-AhmadThyab Well

0.929 630 110.9732 221.9464 0.352296 110.9732 0.176148

Ras Alfara-Alashqar Crushers

0.86 630 101.1073 202.2146 0.320976 101.1073 0.160488

Tamoon- Albatma 0.934 160 67.6927 135.3854 0.846159 67.6927 0.423079

Tamoon- Almeshmas

0.903 250 169.2749 338.5498 1.354199 169.2749 0.6771

Tamoon- Borhan 0.92862 250 74.72974 149.4595 0.597838 74.72974 0.298919

Tamoon- Alrafeed 0.95251 250 126.4783 252.9566 1.011826 126.4783 0.505913

Tamoon- Jalamet Albatma

0.95713 100 50.04802 100.096 1.00096 50.04802 0.50048

Tamoon- First of Town

0.95841 250 94.17447 188.3489 0.753396 94.17447 0.376698

Tamoon- Municipality Well

0.49507 630 204.9979 409.9958 0.650787 204.9979 0.325393

Tamoon- National Security

0.93711 160 60.46897 120.9379 0.755862 60.46897 0.377931

Tamoon- Alashareen

0.92176 160 22.33335 44.6667 0.279167 22.33335 0.139583

Aatoof- Aatoof 0.89731 160 7.076683 14.15337 0.088459 7.076683 0.044229

Aatoof- Aljalhoom 0.88555 160 5.393672 10.78734 0.067421 5.393672 0.03371

Serees- Western 0.95158 250 96.49447 192.9889 0.771956 96.49447 0.385978

Serees- Centre 0.92174 250 56.5201 113.0402 0.452161 56.5201 0.22608

Serees- Southern 0.94938 250 49.00664 98.01328 0.392053 49.00664 0.196027

Serees- Almoghor 0.91503 630 46.16687 92.33374 0.146561 46.16687 0.073281

Serees- Wells 0.96733 100 32.7316 65.4632 0.654632 32.7316 0.327316

Serees- Cultural Centre

0.83605 100 3.344082 6.688164 0.066882 3.344082 0.033441

Zababdeh- Eastern 0.98073 630 98.07689 196.1538 0.311355 98.07689 0.155678

Zababdeh- Centre 0.9381 400 137.935 275.87 0.689675 137.935 0.344838

Zababdeh- Western

0.86738 400 111.349 222.698 0.556745 111.349 0.278373

Zababdeh-Agricultural

College 0.9318 400 97.86287 195.7257 0.489314 97.86287 0.244657

Zababdeh- School 0.92228 250 10.03997 20.07994 0.08032 10.03997 0.04016

Zababdeh- Safyria 0.93286 250 82.46704 164.9341 0.659736 82.46704 0.329868

Zababdeh- Almanasheer

0.92228 250 10.03997 20.07994 0.08032 10.03997 0.04016

Aljdeedeh- Ras Albalad

0.98718 250 63.84898 127.698 0.510792 63.84898 0.255396

Aljdeedeh- Centre 0.91083 250 67.42555 134.8511 0.539404 67.42555 0.269702

Aljdeedeh- Almatrooha

0.96184 250 87.01625 174.0325 0.69613 87.01625 0.348065

Aljdeedeh- Wells 0.91084 630 115.5646 231.1292 0.366872 115.5646 0.183436

Aljdeedeh- Western

0.99833 250 26.05163 52.10326 0.208413 26.05163 0.104207

Aljdeedeh- Eastern(Qalalweh)

0.96094 250 47.6396 95.2792 0.381117 47.6396 0.190558

Aljdeedeh- Alsahel 0.94787 250 53.96268 107.9254 0.431701 53.96268 0.215851

AAUJ 1 0.95715 400 161.0022 322.0044 0.805011 161.0022 0.402506

AAUJ 2 0.94212 400 61.60397 123.2079 0.30802 61.60397 0.15401

Jalqamous- Western

0.96358 160 44.09477 88.18954 0.551185 44.09477 0.275592

Jalqamous- Centre 0.941 400 58.87012 117.7402 0.294351 58.87012 0.147175

Jalqamous- Eastern

0.92497 160 29.06232 58.12464 0.363279 29.06232 0.18164

Raba- Centre 0.90998 250 52.62782 105.2556 0.421023 52.62782 0.210511

Raba- Eastern 0.92431 250 54.65786 109.3157 0.437263 54.65786 0.218631

Raba- Western 0.96214 100 29.93456 59.86912 0.598691 29.93456 0.299346

Raba- Almanasheer

0.78694 630 83.56368 167.1274 0.265282 83.56368 0.132641

Raba- Chiclen Farm

0.95062 160 38.05698 76.11396 0.475712 38.05698 0.237856

Mesleyah- Eastern 0.98762 400 63.17331 126.3466 0.315867 63.17331 0.157933

Mesleyah- Western

0.90988 400 72.74752 145.495 0.363738 72.74752 0.181869

Mesleyah- Almanasheer

0.89566 630 66.668 133.336 0.211644 66.668 0.105822

Mesleyah- Wells 0.89678 630 199.1022 398.2044 0.63207 199.1022 0.316035

Mesleyah- Centre 0.9095 100 19.00451 38.00902 0.38009 19.00451 0.190045

Almghayer- Eastern

0.99998 250 51.37515 102.7503 0.411001 51.37515 0.205501

Almghayer- Western

0.99998 250 29.12249 58.24498 0.23298 29.12249 0.11649

Almghayer- Marah Alkaras

0.99999 100 45.71063 91.42126 0.914213 45.71063 0.457106

Tyaseer- Main 0.91242 250 122.2624 244.5248 0.978099 122.2624 0.48905

Seer- Main 0.91185 400 77.07256 154.1451 0.385363 77.07256 0.192681

Seer- Chicken 1 0.88296 250 12.83718 25.67436 0.102697 12.83718 0.051349

Seer- Alheesh 0.92852 100 14.5108 29.0216 0.290216 14.5108 0.145108

Seer- Chicken 2 0.79625 160 21.73708 43.47416 0.271714 21.73708 0.135857

Em Altoot- Main 0.88765 400 75.44835 150.8967 0.377242 75.44835 0.188621

Aljarba- Main 0.93201 400 84.13808 168.2762 0.42069 84.13808 0.210345

Aljarba- Eastern 0.8697 160 69.94693 139.8939 0.874337 69.94693 0.437168

Aljarba- Blastic Factory

0.85901 250 51.44506 102.8901 0.41156 51.44506 0.20578

Qashda- 154 0.93589 50 11.57537 23.15074 0.463015 11.57537 0.231507

Qashda- Prickles Factory

0.90864 400 30.02487 60.04974 0.150124 30.02487 0.075062

Qashda- Fakhree 1 400 137.5166 275.0332 0.687583 137.5166 0.343792

Talfeet- Centre 0.88318 100 5.241429 10.48286 0.104829 5.241429 0.052414

Talfeet- Kherbat Aysha

0.99994 50 1.777884 3.555768 0.071115 1.777884 0.035558

Al-Aqaba- Tyaseer 0.81638 160 11.65701 23.31402 0.145713 11.65701 0.072856

Dream Land 0.92987 250 19.16776 38.33552 0.153342 19.16776 0.076671

Dream Land- Mosque

0.9262 250 9.25373 18.50746 0.07403 9.25373 0.037015

Tanin- Main 0.92684 160 6.488566 12.97713 0.081107 6.488566 0.040554

Merkeh- Pump 0.93009 100 11.4116 22.8232 0.228232 11.4116 0.114116

Merkeh- School 0.98518 400 66.05493 132.1099 0.330275 66.05493 0.165137

Merkeh- Abu Omar

0.93579 50 25.82467 51.64934 1.032987 25.82467 0.516493

Merkeh- Wadi Afsheh

0.99751 50 5.991284 11.98257 0.239651 5.991284 0.119826

Merkeh- Almesrara

0.99295 100 15.38622 30.77244 0.307724 15.38622 0.153862

Alzawya- Centre 0.99999 250 20.24722 40.49444 0.161978 20.24722 0.080989

Alzawya- Alwad 0.84018 100 14.91575 29.8315 0.298315 14.91575 0.149158

Alzawya-Faqaset AlKarmel

0.80103 160 14.94418 29.88836 0.186802 14.94418 0.093401

Wadi Daooq 0.92175 100 8.653469 17.30694 0.173069 8.653469 0.086535

Alhafeere- Centre 0.91052 100 20.22634 40.45268 0.404527 20.22634 0.202263

Beer AlBasha- Centre

0.92299 400 60.03824 120.0765 0.300191 60.03824 0.150096

Beer AlBasha- Eastern

0.95899 250 37.63051 75.26102 0.301044 37.63051 0.150522

Zakarneh Crushers 0.8351 630 20.1105 40.221 0.063843 20.1105 0.031921

Qabatiya Well 0.91874 630 216.6569 433.3138 0.6878 216.6569 0.3439

DiamondStone- Crusher

0.84582 630 68.2419 136.4838 0.216641 68.2419 0.10832

Diamond Stone- Factory

0.96871 630 27.78023 55.56046 0.088191 27.78023 0.044096

Appendix 3

Under voltage buses at maximum case

Bus # rated(kv) operating(kv) operating %

Bus179 0.400 0.367 91.8

Bus180 0.400 0.375 93.7

Bus186 0.400 0.374 93.5

Bus187 0.400 0.377 94.2

Bus189 0.400 0.379 94.6

Bus190 0.400 0.378 94.6

Bus191 0.400 0.377 94.2

Bus196 0.400 0.376 94.0

Bus197 0.400 0.371 92.8

Bus198 0.400 0.376 94.0

Bus199 0.400 0.374 93.5

Bus200 0.400 0.371 92.8

Bus201 0.400 0.364 90.9

Bus202 0.400 0.373 93.1

Bus207 0.400 0.377 94.2

Bus208 0.400 0.379 94.8

Bus209 0.400 0.379 94.7

Bus210 0.400 0.375 93.6

Bus212 0.400 0.377 94.2

Bus213 0.400 0.377 94.3

Bus214 0.400 0.375 93.8

Bus215 0.400 0.379 94.9

Bus216 0.400 0.380 94.9

Bus217 0.400 0.378 94.5

Bus218 0.400 0.373 93.3

Bus219 0.400 0.378 94.6

Bus220 0.400 0.379 94.7

Bus221 0.400 0.379 94.9

Bus222 0.400 0.369 92.2

Bus223 0.400 0.369 92.2

Bus224 0.400 0.361 90.2

Bus225 0.400 0.377 94.3

Bus226 0.400 0.379 94.7

Bus227 0.400 0.374 93.6

Bus229 0.400 0.371 92.9

Bus230 0.400 0.372 93.0

Bus231 0.400 0.376 94.1

Bus232 0.400 0.380 95.0

Bus233 0.400 0.379 94.9

Bus234 0.400 0.379 94.8

Bus235 0.400 0.371 92.6

Bus237 0.400 0.376 94.0

Bus238 0.400 0.372 93.1

Bus239 0.400 0.380 94.9

Bus240 0.400 0.376 94.0

Bus241 0.400 0.380 94.9

Bus243 0.400 0.367 91.7

Bus244 0.400 0.371 92.7

Bus245 0.400 0.376 93.9

Bus246 0.400 0.375 93.7

Bus247 0.400 0.378 94.4

Bus248 0.400 0.368 92.0

Bus249 0.400 0.375 93.7

Bus250 0.400 0.374 93.4

Bus251 0.400 0.367 91.8

Bus252 0.400 0.369 92.3

Bus253 0.400 0.367 91.7

Bus254 0.400 0.372 93.0

Bus255 0.400 0.373 93.2

Bus256 0.400 0.369 92.3

Bus257 0.400 0.368 92.1

Bus258 0.400 0.365 91.3

Bus259 0.400 0.369 92.1

Bus260 0.400 0.364 90.9

Bus261 0.400 0.365 91.2

Bus262 0.400 0.371 92.8

Bus263 0.400 0.358 89.4

Bus264 0.400 0.370 92.6

Bus265 0.400 0.370 92.4

Bus266 0.400 0.370 92.4

Bus267 0.400 0.370 92.4

Bus268 0.400 0.372 93.0

Bus269 0.400 0.368 92.0

Bus270 0.400 0.370 92.4

Bus271 0.400 0.373 93.2

Bus272 0.400 0.370 92.4

Bus273 0.400 0.369 92.2

Bus274 0.400 0.375 93.7

Bus277 0.400 0.374 93.4

Bus278 0.400 0.374 93.6

Bus279 0.400 0.365 91.3

Bus280 0.400 0.371 92.8

Bus281 0.400 0.374 93.6

Bus282 0.400 0.373 93.3

Bus283 0.400 0.374 93.6

Bus284 0.400 0.371 92.8

Bus286 0.400 0.370 92.5

Bus287 0.400 0.367 91.8

Bus288 0.400 0.373 93.3

Bus289 0.400 0.372 93.0

Bus295 0.400 0.369 92.2

Bus296 0.400 0.370 92.4

Bus297 0.400 0.369 92.4

Bus298 0.400 0.369 92.4

Bus299 0.400 0.371 92.8

Bus300 0.400 0.374 93.4

Bus301 0.400 0.372 93.0

Bus302 0.400 0.376 94.1

Bus303 0.400 0.373 93.3

Bus304 0.400 0.372 92.9

Bus305 0.400 0.372 93.0

Bus306 0.400 0.371 92.7

Bus307 0.400 0.375 93.6

Bus308 0.400 0.371 92.8

Bus309 0.400 0.368 92.1

Bus310 0.400 0.368 91.9

Bus311 0.400 0.372 92.9

Bus312 0.400 0.374 93.6

Bus313 0.400 0.366 91.6

Bus314 0.400 0.370 92.5

Bus315 0.400 0.375 93.7

Bus316 0.400 0.368 91.9

Bus317 0.400 0.370 92.5

Bus318 0.400 0.369 92.3

Bus321 0.400 0.376 94.1

Bus327 0.400 0.367 91.7

Bus328 0.400 0.368 92.0

Appendix 4

Overloaded transformers

transformer Srated old LF old

AAUJ1 400 1.00625

Serees Western 250 1.049945

Tamoon Albatmah 160 1.057695

Tamoon

Almeshmas

250 1.69275

Tamoon Alrafeed 250 1.264785

Tamoon jalamet

Albatmah

100 1.2512

Tamoon first of the

town

250 1.056745

Tamoon National

Security

160 1.007328

Aqaba Eastern 400 1.098647

Aqaba Western 400 1.214769

Faraa Camp Old

Station

630 1.356893

wadi alfaraa

alhafreia

250 1.01784

Wadi alfaraa gas

station

400 1.023663

Housing 250 1.0479

Abu Omar 400 1.249041

Allan Alsood 250 1.126165

Almasaeed 250 1.83804

Alhawooz 400 1.191013

Althoghra 160 1.019219

Almghier Marah

Alkaras

100 1.142766

Tayaseer Main 250 1.222625

Aljarba Eastern 160 1.092922

Merkeh Abu Omar 50 1.291233

Appendix 5

Tap changing at maximum case

Bus # Rated (KV)

Operating (KV)

Operating %

Tab %

Bus179 0.400 0.367 91.8 5

Bus180 0.400 0.375 93.7 5

Bus186 0.400 0.374 93.5 5

Bus187 0.400 0.377 94.2 5

Bus189 0.400 0.379 94.6 5

Bus190 0.400 0.378 94.6 5

Bus191 0.400 0.377 94.2 5

Bus196 0.400 0.376 94.0 5

Bus197 0.400 0.371 92.8 5

Bus198 0.400 0.376 94.0 5

Bus199 0.400 0.374 93.5 5

Bus200 0.400 0.371 92.8 5

Bus201 0.400 0.364 90.9 5

Bus202 0.400 0.373 93.1 5

Bus207 0.400 0.377 94.2 5

Bus208 0.400 0.379 94.8 5

Bus209 0.400 0.379 94.7 5

Bus210 0.400 0.375 93.6 5

Bus212 0.400 0.377 94.2 5

Bus213 0.400 0.377 94.3 5

Bus214 0.400 0.375 93.8 5

Bus215 0.400 0.379 94.9 5

Bus216 0.400 0.380 94.9 5

Bus217 0.400 0.378 94.5 5

Bus218 0.400 0.373 93.3 5

Bus219 0.400 0.378 94.6 5

Bus220 0.400 0.379 94.7 5

Bus221 0.400 0.379 94.9 5

Bus222 0.400 0.369 92.2 5

Bus223 0.400 0.369 92.2 5

Bus224 0.400 0.361 90.2 5

Bus225 0.400 0.377 94.3 5

Bus226 0.400 0.379 94.7 5

Bus227 0.400 0.374 93.6 5

Bus229 0.400 0.371 92.9 5

Bus230 0.400 0.372 93.0 5

Bus231 0.400 0.376 94.1 5

Bus232 0.400 0.380 95.0 5

Bus233 0.400 0.379 94.9 5

Bus234 0.400 0.379 94.8 5

Bus235 0.400 0.371 92.6 5

Bus237 0.400 0.376 94.0 5

Bus238 0.400 0.372 93.1 5

Bus239 0.400 0.380 94.9 5

Bus240 0.400 0.376 94.0 5

Bus241 0.400 0.380 94.9 5

Bus243 0.400 0.367 91.7 5

Bus244 0.400 0.371 92.7 5

Bus245 0.400 0.376 93.9 5

Bus246 0.400 0.375 93.7 5

Bus247 0.400 0.378 94.4 5

Bus248 0.400 0.368 92.0 5

Bus249 0.400 0.375 93.7 5

Bus250 0.400 0.374 93.4 5

Bus251 0.400 0.367 91.8 5

Bus252 0.400 0.369 92.3 5

Bus253 0.400 0.367 91.7 5

Bus254 0.400 0.372 93.0 5

Bus255 0.400 0.373 93.2 5

Bus256 0.400 0.369 92.3 5

Bus257 0.400 0.368 92.1 5

Bus258 0.400 0.365 91.3 5

Bus259 0.400 0.369 92.1 5

Bus260 0.400 0.364 90.9 5

Bus261 0.400 0.365 91.2 5

Bus262 0.400 0.371 92.8 5

Bus263 0.400 0.358 89.4 5

Bus264 0.400 0.370 92.6 5

Bus265 0.400 0.370 92.4 5

Bus266 0.400 0.370 92.4 5

Bus267 0.400 0.370 92.4 5

Bus268 0.400 0.372 93.0 5

Bus269 0.400 0.368 92.0 5

Bus270 0.400 0.370 92.4 5

Bus271 0.400 0.373 93.2 5

Bus272 0.400 0.370 92.4 5

Bus273 0.400 0.369 92.2 5

Bus274 0.400 0.375 93.7 5

Bus277 0.400 0.374 93.4 5

Bus278 0.400 0.374 93.6 5

Bus279 0.400 0.365 91.3 5

Bus280 0.400 0.371 92.8 5

Bus281 0.400 0.374 93.6 5

Bus282 0.400 0.373 93.3 5

Bus283 0.400 0.374 93.6 5

Bus284 0.400 0.371 92.8 5

Bus286 0.400 0.370 92.5 5

Bus287 0.400 0.367 91.8 5

Bus288 0.400 0.373 93.3 5

Bus289 0.400 0.372 93.0 5

Bus295 0.400 0.369 92.2 5

Bus296 0.400 0.370 92.4 5

Bus297 0.400 0.369 92.4 5

Bus298 0.400 0.369 92.4 5

Bus299 0.400 0.371 92.8 5

Bus300 0.400 0.374 93.4 5

Bus301 0.400 0.372 93.0 5

Bus302 0.400 0.376 94.1 5

Bus303 0.400 0.373 93.3 5

Bus304 0.400 0.372 92.9 5

Bus305 0.400 0.372 93.0 5

Bus306 0.400 0.371 92.7 5

Bus307 0.400 0.375 93.6 5

Bus308 0.400 0.371 92.8 5

Bus309 0.400 0.368 92.1 5

Bus310 0.400 0.368 91.9 5

Bus311 0.400 0.372 92.9 5

Bus312 0.400 0.374 93.6 5

Bus313 0.400 0.366 91.6 5

Bus314 0.400 0.370 92.5 5

Bus315 0.400 0.375 93.7 5

Bus316 0.400 0.368 91.9 5

Bus317 0.400 0.370 92.5 5

Bus318 0.400 0.369 92.3 5

Bus321 0.400 0.376 94.1 5

Bus327 0.400 0.367 91.7 5

Bus328 0.400 0.368 92.0 5

Appendix 6

Maximum case before and after adding capacitors

After Taps After Capacitors

Bus Rated (KV)

Operating (KV)

Operating %

Cap (KVAR)

Operating (KV)

Operating %

Bus179 0.400 0.3848 96.2 50 0.3888 97.2

Bus180 0.400 0.392 98

0.3924 98.1

Bus184 0.400 0.3828 95.7 10 0.3836 95.9

Bus186 0.400 0.3924 98.1

0.3984 99.6

Bus187 0.400 0.3952 98.8

0.3956 98.9

Bus188 0.400 0.382 95.5 20 0.3852 96.3

Bus189 0.400 0.3964 99.1

0.3968 99.2

Bus190 0.400 0.3968 99.2

0.3972 99.3

Bus191 0.400 0.394 98.5

0.3944 98.6

Bus196 0.400 0.3936 98.4

0.394 98.5

Bus197 0.400 0.3892 97.3

0.3896 97.4

Bus198 0.400 0.3944 98.6

0.3948 98.7

Bus199 0.400 0.392 98

0.3928 98.2

Bus200 0.400 0.3892 97.3

0.3896 97.4

Bus201 0.400 0.3808 95.2 100 0.388 97

Bus202 0.400 0.3904 97.6

0.3912 97.8

Bus203 0.400 0.3812 95.3 10 0.3828 95.7

Bus204 0.400 0.3828 95.7 5 0.3836 95.9

Bus205 0.400 0.3824 95.6 5 0.3832 95.8

Bus206 0.400 0.3812 95.3 25 0.3828 95.7

Bus207 0.400 0.3952 98.8

0.3956 98.9

Bus208 0.400 0.3972 99.3

0.3976 99.4

Bus209 0.400 0.3972 99.3

0.3976 99.4

Bus210 0.400 0.3928 98.2

0.3932 98.3

Bus212 0.400 0.3952 98.8

0.3956 98.9

Bus213 0.400 0.3956 98.9

0.396 99

Bus214 0.400 0.3936 98.4

0.394 98.5

Bus215 0.400 0.398 99.5

0.3984 99.6

Bus216 0.400 0.398 99.5

0.3988 99.7

Bus217 0.400 0.3964 99.1

0.3968 99.2

Bus218 0.400 0.3912 97.8

0.392 98

Bus219 0.400 0.3968 99.2

0.3972 99.3

Bus220 0.400 0.3972 99.3

0.3976 99.4

Bus221 0.400 0.398 99.5

0.3984 99.6

Bus222 0.400 0.3868 96.7

0.3872 96.8

Bus223 0.400 0.3856 96.4

0.386 96.5

Bus224 0.400 0.39 97.5

0.3904 97.6

Bus225 0.400 0.3956 98.9

0.396 99

Bus226 0.400 0.3972 99.3

0.398 99.5

Bus227 0.400 0.3924 98.1

0.3932 98.3

Bus229 0.400 0.3888 97.2

0.3892 97.3

Bus230 0.400 0.39 97.5

0.3908 97.7

Bus231 0.400 0.3944 98.6

0.3952 98.8

Bus232 0.400 0.398 99.5

0.3984 99.6

Bus233 0.400 0.398 99.5

0.3984 99.6

Bus234 0.400 0.398 99.5

0.3984 99.6

Bus235 0.400 0.3884 97.1

0.3892 97.3

Bus237 0.400 0.3944 98.6

0.3948 98.7

Bus238 0.400 0.3904 97.6

0.3908 97.7

Bus239 0.400 0.3984 99.6

0.3988 99.7

Bus240 0.400 0.3944 98.6

0.3952 98.8

Bus241 0.400 0.398 99.5

0.3984 99.6

Bus242 0.400 0.3812 95.3 5 0.3824 95.6

Bus243 0.400 0.384 96 100 0.3888 97.2

Bus244 0.400 0.3876 96.9

0.3884 97.1

Bus245 0.400 0.3936 98.4

0.3944 98.6

Bus246 0.400 0.3928 98.2

0.3936 98.4

Bus247 0.400 0.3956 98.9

0.3964 99.1

Bus248 0.400 0.3848 96.2

0.3856 96.4

Bus249 0.400 0.3928 98.2

0.394 98.5

Bus250 0.400 0.3916 97.9 50 0.3924 98.1

Bus251 0.400 0.3844 96.1

0.3876 96.9

Bus252 0.400 0.3868 96.7

0.3876 96.9

Bus253 0.400 0.3844 96.1 20 0.0264 6.6

Bus254 0.400 0.3896 97.4

0.3904 97.6

Bus255 0.400 0.3908 97.7

0.3916 97.9

Bus256 0.400 0.3864 96.6

0.3876 96.9

Bus257 0.400 0.386 96.5

0.3868 96.7

Bus258 0.400 0.3824 95.6 50 0.3848 96.2

Bus259 0.400 0.3856 96.4

0.3864 96.6

Bus260 0.400 0.3808 95.2 40 0.3856 96.4

Bus261 0.400 0.382 95.5 60 0.3868 96.7

Bus262 0.400 0.3884 97.1

0.3896 97.4

Bus263 0.400 0.374 93.5 15 0.38 95

Bus264 0.400 0.388 97

0.3888 97.2

Bus265 0.400 0.3872 96.8

0.388 97

Bus266 0.400 0.3872 96.8

0.388 97

Bus267 0.400 0.3872 96.8

0.3884 97.1

Bus268 0.400 0.3896 97.4

0.3908 97.7

Bus269 0.400 0.3852 96.3

0.3864 96.6

Bus270 0.400 0.3872 96.8

0.3884 97.1

Bus271 0.400 0.3904 97.6

0.3916 97.9

Bus272 0.400 0.3868 96.7

0.388 97

Bus273 0.400 0.386 96.5

0.3876 96.9

Bus274 0.400 0.3928 98.2

0.3936 98.4

Bus277 0.400 0.3916 97.9

0.3924 98.1

Bus278 0.400 0.3924 98.1

0.3932 98.3

Bus279 0.400 0.3824 95.6 50 0.3936 98.4

Bus280 0.400 0.3892 97.3

0.39 97.5

Bus281 0.400 0.392 98

0.3932 98.3

Bus282 0.400 0.3912 97.8

0.392 98

Bus283 0.400 0.392 98

0.3932 98.3

Bus284 0.400 0.3888 97.2

0.3896 97.4

Bus286 0.400 0.3872 96.8

0.3884 97.1

Bus287 0.400 0.3844 96.1

0.3852 96.3

Bus288 0.400 0.3912 97.8

0.392 98

Bus289 0.400 0.3896 97.4

0.3912 97.8

Bus295 0.400 0.3856 96.4

0.3864 96.6

Bus296 0.400 0.3872 96.8

0.388 97

Bus297 0.400 0.3868 96.7

0.388 97

Bus298 0.400 0.3868 96.7

0.388 97

Bus299 0.400 0.3888 97.2

0.3896 97.4

Bus300 0.400 0.3912 97.8

0.392 98

Bus301 0.400 0.3896 97.4

0.3904 97.6

Bus302 0.400 0.3956 98.9

0.3988 99.7

Bus303 0.400 0.3908 97.7

0.3916 97.9

Bus304 0.400 0.3892 97.3

0.3896 97.4

Bus305 0.400 0.3896 97.4

0.3904 97.6

Bus306 0.400 0.3884 97.1

0.3892 97.3

Bus307 0.400 0.3924 98.1

0.3932 98.3

Bus308 0.400 0.3892 97.3

0.39 97.5

Bus309 0.400 0.386 96.5

0.3868 96.7

Bus310 0.400 0.3852 96.3

0.386 96.5

Bus311 0.400 0.3892 97.3

0.39 97.5

Bus312 0.400 0.392 98

0.3928 98.2

Bus313 0.400 0.3836 95.9 20 0.3856 96.4

Bus314 0.400 0.3876 96.9

0.3884 97.1

Bus315 0.400 0.3928 98.2

0.3936 98.4

Bus316 0.400 0.3852 96.3

0.386 96.5

Bus317 0.400 0.3868 96.7

0.388 97

Bus318 0.400 0.3864 96.6

0.3872 96.8

Bus320 0.400 0.3824 95.6 20 0.3828 95.7

Bus321 0.400 0.3944 98.6

0.3952 98.8

Bus324 0.400 0.39 97.5 50 0.3904 97.6

Bus327 0.400 0.3844 96.1 50 0.3864 96.6

Bus328 0.400 0.3848 96.2

0.386 96.5

Bus65 0.400 0.3844 96.1 50 0.3876 96.9

Bus69 0.400 0.382 95.5 40 0.386 96.5

Appendix 7

Maximum case voltages after taps and capacitors

Bus number V rated (KV) Operating %

Bus65 0.4 97.646 Bus68 0.4 99.519

Bus69 0.4 97.426

Bus70 0.4 97.275

Bus73 0.4 97.309 Bus179 0.4 99.029

Bus180 0.4 99.483

Bus181 0.4 100.755

Bus182 0.4 97.209

Bus183 0.4 97.114

Bus184 0.4 96.815 Bus185 0.4 97.207

Bus186 0.4 99.632

Bus187 0.4 100.218

Bus188 0.4 97.264 Bus189 0.4 100.444

Bus190 0.4 100.526

Bus191 0.4 99.557

Bus192 0.4 97.197 Bus193 0.4 97.617

Bus195 0.4 94.478

Bus196 0.4 99.841

Bus197 0.4 99.029 Bus198 0.4 100.029

Bus199 0.4 99.619

Bus200 0.4 99.01

Bus201 0.4 99.11

Bus202 0.400 99.299 Bus203 0.4 96.639

Bus204 0.400 96.793

Bus205 0.4 96.718

Bus206 0.400 96.653 Bus207 0.4 100.191

Bus208 0.4 100.601

Bus209 0.4 100.579

Bus210 0.4 99.762 Bus211 0.4 96.316

Bus212 0.4 100.199

Bus213 0.4 100.296

Bus214 0.4 99.876 Bus215 0.4 100.782

Bus216 0.4 100.815

Bus217 0.4 101.112

Bus218 0.4 99.482 Bus219 0.4 100.538

Bus220 0.4 100.467

Bus221 0.4 100.792

Bus222 0.4 98.578 Bus223 0.4 98.254

Bus224 0.4 99.171

Bus225 0.4 100.313

Bus226 0.4 100.649 Bus227 0.4 99.7

Bus228 0.4 96.582

Bus229 0.4 98.889

Bus230 0.4 99.296 Bus231 0.4 100.102

Bus232 0.4 100.883

Bus233 0.4 100.795

Bus234 0.4 100.766 Bus235 0.4 98.914

Bus236 0.4 100.977

Bus237 0.4 100.091

Bus238 0.4 99.263

Bus239 0.4 100.8 Bus240 0.4 100.09

Bus241 0.4 100.795

Bus242 0.4 96.525

Bus243 0.4 99.13 Bus244 0.4 98.712

Bus245 0.4 99.937

Bus246 0.4 99.815

Bus247 0.4 100.386 Bus248 0.4 98.206

Bus249 0.4 99.85

Bus250 0.4 99.588

Bus251 0.4 98.717 Bus252 0.4 98.643

Bus253 0.4 98.492

Bus254 0.4 99.202

Bus255 0.4 99.404 Bus256 0.4 98.612

Bus257 0.4 98.472

Bus258 0.4 98.163

Bus259 0.4 98.385 Bus260 0.4 98.502

Bus261 0.4 98.718

Bus262 0.4 99.003

Bus263 0.4 97.418 Bus264 0.4 98.897

Bus265 0.4 98.744

Bus266 0.4 98.734

Bus267 0.4 98.76 Bus268 0.4 99.223

Bus269 0.4 98.354

Bus270 0.4 98.766

Bus271 0.4 99.416 Bus272 0.4 98.653

Bus273 0.4 98.522

Bus274 0.4 99.837

Bus277 0.4 99.584

Bus278 0.4 99.738 Bus279 0.4 98.34

Bus280 0.4 99.08

Bus281 0.4 99.688

Bus282 0.4 99.479 Bus283 0.4 99.701

Bus284 0.4 99.01

Bus286 0.4 98.75

Bus287 0.4 98.194 Bus288 0.4 99.461

Bus289 0.4 99.207

Bus291 0.4 94.681

Bus295 0.4 98.364 Bus296 0.4 98.735

Bus297 0.4 98.674

Bus298 0.4 98.67

Bus299 0.4 99.006 Bus300 0.4 99.454

Bus301 0.4 99.164

Bus302 0.4 100.108

Bus303 0.4 99.446 Bus304 0.4 99.031

Bus305 0.4 99.136

Bus306 0.4 98.938

Bus307 0.4 99.742 Bus308 0.4 99.061

Bus309 0.4 98.44

Bus310 0.4 98.31

Bus311 0.4 99.039 Bus312 0.4 99.672

Bus313 0.4 98.343

Bus314 0.4 98.745

Bus315 0.4 99.825 Bus316 0.4 98.295

Bus317 0.4 98.628

Bus318 0.4 98.506

Bus319 0.4 96.317

Bus320 0.4 96.592 Bus321 0.4 100.114

Bus322 0.4 96.532

Bus323 0.4 97.181

Bus324 0.4 97.022 Bus325 0.4 97.196

Bus327 0.4 98.482

Bus328 0.4 98.269

Appendix 8

Transformers changing

transformer Srated old Savg LF old Srated new LF new

AAUJ1 400 402.5 1.00625 250+250 0.644

Serees Western

250 262.48625 1.049945 400 0.4824

Tamoon Albatmah

160 169.23125 1.057695 250 0.5415

Tamoon Almeshmas

250 423.1875 1.69275 250+250 0.6771

Tamoon Alrafeed

250 316.19625 1.264785 400 0.6323

Tamoon jalamet Albatmah

100 125.12 1.2512 160 0.6256

Tamoon first of the town

250 264.18625 1.056745 160+160 0.5885

Tamoon National Security

160 161.1725 1.007328 250 0.4837

Aqaba Eastern 400 439.45875 1.098647 630 0.558 Aqaba Western 400 485.9075 1.214769 630 0.617

Faraa Camp Old Station

630 854.8425 1.356893 630+400 0.6639

wadi alfaraa alhafreia

250 254.46 1.01784 400 0.4614

Wadi alfaraa gas station

400 409.465 1.023663 630 0.5199

Housing 250 261.975 1.0479 400 0.5239 Abu Omar 400 499.61625 1.249041 630 0.6344

Allan Alsood 250 281.54125 1.126165 250+250 0.4504 Almasaeed 250 459.51 1.83804 630 0.5835 Alhawooz 400 476.405 1.191013 630 0.6049 Althoghra 160 163.075 1.019219 250 0.4538

Almghier Marah Alkaras

100 114.276625 1.142766 160 0.5713

Tayaseer Main 250 305.65625 1.222625 400 0.6113 Aljarba Eastern 160 174.8675 1.092922 250 0.5595

Merkeh Abu Omar

50 64.561625 1.291233 100 0.5164

Appendix 9

The voltages on the buses after changing the transformers

Bus number Vrated Operating (%)

Bus65 0.4 98.353

Bus68 0.4 99.519

Bus69 0.4 97.774 Bus70 0.4 97.286

Bus73 0.4 97.322

Bus179 0.4 101.288

Bus180 0.4 100.658 Bus181 0.4 100.769

Bus182 0.4 97.223

Bus183 0.4 97.128

Bus184 0.4 96.829 Bus185 0.4 97.221

Bus186 0.4 100.719

Bus187 0.4 100.234

Bus188 0.4 97.279 Bus189 0.4 100.924

Bus190 0.4 100.543

Bus191 0.4 101.273

Bus192 0.4 97.209 Bus193 0.4 97.63

Bus195 0.4 95.529

Bus196 0.4 100.276

Bus197 0.4 99.045 Bus198 0.4 100.046

Bus199 0.4 100.403

Bus200 0.4 100.06

Bus201 0.4 100.469 Bus202 0.4 100.191

Bus203 0.4 96.653

Bus204 0.4 96.809

Bus205 0.4 96.735 Bus206 0.4 96.667

Bus207 0.4 100.206

Bus208 0.4 100.615

Bus209 0.4 100.593

Bus210 0.4 99.776 Bus211 0.4 96.33

Bus212 0.4 100.213

Bus213 0.4 100.31

Bus214 0.4 99.89 Bus215 0.4 100.796

Bus216 0.4 100.829

Bus217 0.4 101.126

Bus218 0.4 99.496 Bus219 0.4 100.552

Bus220 0.4 100.481

Bus221 0.4 100.806

Bus222 0.4 98.592 Bus223 0.4 99.332

Bus224 0.4 99.92

Bus225 0.4 100.327

Bus226 0.4 100.663 Bus227 0.4 99.714

Bus228 0.4 96.596

Bus229 0.4 99.798

Bus230 0.4 99.31 Bus231 0.4 100.116

Bus232 0.4 100.897

Bus233 0.4 100.809

Bus234 0.4 100.78 Bus235 0.4 99.733

Bus236 0.4 100.991

Bus237 0.4 100.105

Bus238 0.4 99.277 Bus239 0.4 100.814

Bus240 0.4 100.104

Bus241 0.4 100.809

Bus242 0.4 96.542 Bus243 0.4 100.076

Bus244 0.4 99.721

Bus245 0.4 99.958

Bus246 0.4 99.836

Bus247 0.4 100.407 Bus248 0.4 98.228

Bus249 0.4 99.872

Bus250 0.4 99.609

Bus251 0.4 98.74 Bus252 0.4 98.665

Bus253 0.4 98.514

Bus254 0.4 99.227

Bus255 0.4 99.43 Bus256 0.4 98.638

Bus257 0.4 98.498

Bus258 0.4 98.189

Bus259 0.4 98.414 Bus260 0.4 98.376

Bus261 0.4 98.748

Bus262 0.4 99.038

Bus263 0.4 98.502 Bus264 0.4 98.934

Bus265 0.4 98.782

Bus266 0.4 98.771

Bus267 0.4 98.797 Bus268 0.4 99.259

Bus269 0.4 98.391

Bus270 0.4 98.802

Bus271 0.4 99.453 Bus272 0.4 98.69

Bus273 0.4 98.56

Bus274 0.4 99.859

Bus277 0.4 99.607 Bus278 0.4 99.761

Bus279 0.4 98.69

Bus280 0.4 99.103

Bus281 0.4 99.711 Bus282 0.4 99.502

Bus283 0.4 99.723

Bus284 0.4 99.033

Bus286 0.4 98.772

Bus287 0.4 99.006 Bus288 0.4 99.483

Bus289 0.4 99.23

Bus291 0.4 94.703

Bus294 33 97.385 Bus295 0.4 98.385

Bus296 0.4 98.757

Bus297 0.4 98.696

Bus298 0.4 98.692 Bus299 0.4 99.028

Bus300 0.4 99.475

Bus301 0.4 99.185

Bus302 0.4 100.128 Bus303 0.4 99.467

Bus304 0.4 99.051

Bus305 0.4 99.156

Bus306 0.4 98.959 Bus307 0.4 99.762

Bus308 0.4 99.082

Bus309 0.4 98.461

Bus310 0.4 98.331 Bus311 0.4 99.06

Bus312 0.4 99.693

Bus313 0.4 99.028

Bus314 0.4 98.767 Bus315 0.4 99.846

Bus316 0.4 98.316

Bus317 0.4 98.65

Bus318 0.4 98.528 Bus319 0.4 96.335

Bus320 0.4 96.606

Bus321 0.4 100.131

Bus322 0.4 96.548 Bus323 0.4 97.195

Bus324 0.4 97.036

Bus325 0.4 97.21

Bus327 0.4 98.504

Bus328 0.4 98.628

Appendix 10

Voltages on buses after the new connection point

Bus Vrated Operating (%)

Bus65 0.4 98.484 Bus68 0.4 99.519

Bus69 0.4 98.241

Bus70 0.4 97.853

Bus73 0.4 97.991

Bus179 0.4 102.013

Bus180 0.4 101.362 Bus181 0.4 101.475

Bus182 0.4 97.905

Bus183 0.4 97.81

Bus184 0.4 97.515 Bus185 0.4 97.962

Bus186 0.4 101.609

Bus187 0.4 101.211

Bus188 0.4 98.211 Bus189 0.4 102.067

Bus190 0.4 101.736

Bus191 0.4 101.924

Bus192 0.4 97.84 Bus193 0.4 98.259

Bus195 0.4 100.861

Bus196 0.4 100.981

Bus197 0.4 99.773

Bus198 0.4 100.769 Bus199 0.4 101.124

Bus200 0.4 100.783

Bus201 0.4 101.199

Bus202 0.4 100.913 Bus203 0.4 97.34

Bus204 0.4 97.49

Bus205 0.4 97.418

Bus206 0.4 97.352 Bus207 0.4 100.928

Bus208 0.4 101.325

Bus209 0.4 101.305

Bus210 0.4 100.499 Bus211 0.4 97.012

Bus212 0.4 100.934

Bus213 0.4 101.031

Bus214 0.4 100.613 Bus215 0.4 101.515

Bus216 0.4 101.548

Bus217 0.4 101.843

Bus218 0.4 100.221 Bus219 0.4 101.272

Bus220 0.4 101.193

Bus221 0.4 101.524

Bus222 0.4 99.32 Bus223 0.4 100.036

Bus224 0.4 100.628

Bus225 0.4 101.047

Bus226 0.4 101.381 Bus227 0.4 100.437

Bus228 0.4 97.278

Bus229 0.4 100.507

Bus230 0.4 100.035 Bus231 0.4 100.837

Bus232 0.4 101.615

Bus233 0.4 101.526

Bus234 0.4 101.498

Bus235 0.4 100.455 Bus236 0.4 101.708

Bus237 0.4 100.826

Bus238 0.4 100.002

Bus239 0.4 101.532 Bus240 0.4 100.824

Bus241 0.4 101.525

Bus242 0.4 97.761

Bus243 0.4 101.547 Bus244 0.4 101.224

Bus245 0.4 101.888

Bus246 0.4 101.901

Bus247 0.4 102.465 Bus248 0.4 100.553

Bus249 0.4 102.245

Bus250 0.4 101.871

Bus251 0.4 101.2 Bus252 0.4 101.149

Bus253 0.4 100.97

Bus254 0.4 102.266

Bus255 0.4 102.627 Bus256 0.4 101.99

Bus257 0.4 101.828

Bus258 0.4 101.545

Bus259 0.4 102.465 Bus260 0.4 102.549

Bus261 0.4 103.021

Bus262 0.4 103.633

Bus263 0.4 103.285 Bus264 0.4 103.657

Bus265 0.4 103.509

Bus266 0.4 103.499

Bus267 0.4 103.524 Bus268 0.4 104.562

Bus269 0.4 103.812

Bus270 0.4 104.012

Bus271 0.4 104.162

Bus272 0.4 103.363 Bus273 0.4 103.292

Bus274 0.4 102.199

Bus277 0.4 101.948

Bus278 0.4 102.099 Bus279 0.4 101.062

Bus280 0.4 101.452

Bus281 0.4 102.043

Bus282 0.4 101.845 Bus283 0.4 102.063

Bus284 0.4 101.381

Bus286 0.4 101.124

Bus287 0.4 101.356 Bus288 0.4 101.813

Bus289 0.4 101.575

Bus291 0.4 96.934

Bus295 0.4 100.685 Bus296 0.4 101.112

Bus297 0.4 101.052

Bus298 0.4 101.048

Bus299 0.4 101.379 Bus300 0.4 101.375

Bus301 0.4 101.116

Bus302 0.4 102.049

Bus303 0.4 101.395 Bus304 0.4 100.949

Bus305 0.4 101.056

Bus306 0.4 100.891

Bus307 0.4 101.685 Bus308 0.4 101.013

Bus309 0.4 100.399

Bus310 0.4 100.271

Bus311 0.4 100.959 Bus312 0.4 101.603

Bus313 0.4 100.965

Bus314 0.4 100.7

Bus315 0.4 101.767

Bus316 0.4 100.256 Bus317 0.4 100.959

Bus318 0.4 100.834

Bus319 0.4 97.712

Bus320 0.4 97.451 Bus321 0.4 101.347

Bus322 0.4 97.698

Bus323 0.4 97.967

Bus324 0.4 97.814 Bus325 0.4 97.982

Bus327 0.4 100.961

Bus328 0.4 103.296

Appendix 11

Maximum new capacitors and taps after the connection point

Bus number New capacitor (KVAR) New tap (%)

182 2.5 183 2.5

184 2.5

185 2.5 188 2.5

192 2.5 193 2.5

195 5

203 5 204 5

205 5

206 5

211 5

222 60 - 228 5

242 2.5 291 5

319 2.5 320 5

322 2.5

323 2.5 324 2.5

325 2.5 65 2.5

68 2.5

69 2.5 70 2.5

73 2.5

Appendix 12

Minimum case original voltages


Bus65 0.400 98.454

Bus68 0.400 99.760

Bus69 0.400 98.284

Bus70 0.400 98.666

Bus73 0.400 98.682

Bus179 0.400 96.900

Bus180 0.400 97.504

Bus181 0.400 98.063

Bus182 0.400 98.635

Bus183 0.400 98.589

Bus184 0.400 98.367

Bus185 0.400 98.631

Bus186 0.400 97.630

Bus187 0.400 97.785

Bus188 0.400 98.303

Bus189 0.400 97.916

Bus190 0.400 97.917

Bus191 0.400 97.700

Bus192 0.400 98.626

Bus193 0.400 98.834

Bus195 0.400 97.247

Bus196 0.400 97.174

Bus197 0.400 97.239

Bus198 0.400 97.697

Bus199 0.400 97.512

Bus200 0.400 97.237

Bus201 0.400 96.532

Bus202 0.400 97.366

Bus203 0.400 98.241

Bus204 0.400 98.368

Bus205 0.400 98.333

Bus206 0.400 98.254

Bus207 0.400 97.774

Bus208 0.400 97.989

Bus209 0.400 97.974

Bus210 0.400 97.586

Bus211 0.400 98.207

Bus212 0.400 97.781

Bus213 0.400 97.826

Bus214 0.400 97.635

Bus215 0.400 98.048

Bus216 0.400 98.063

Bus217 0.400 98.200

Bus218 0.400 97.457

Bus219 0.400 97.937

Bus220 0.400 97.916

Bus221 0.400 98.053

Bus222 0.400 97.041

Bus223 0.400 97.410

Bus224 0.400 97.413

Bus225 0.400 97.835

Bus226 0.400 97.988

Bus227 0.400 97.555

Bus228 0.400 98.336

Bus229 0.400 97.216

Bus230 0.400 97.367

Bus231 0.400 97.738

Bus232 0.400 98.095

Bus233 0.400 98.055

Bus234 0.400 98.042

Bus235 0.400 97.201

Bus236 0.400 98.139

Bus237 0.400 97.735

Bus238 0.400 97.357

Bus239 0.400 98.058

Bus240 0.400 97.732

Bus241 0.400 98.059

Bus242 0.400 98.257

Bus243 0.400 96.806

Bus244 0.400 97.117

Bus245 0.400 97.643

Bus246 0.400 97.575

Bus247 0.400 97.838

Bus248 0.400 96.891

Bus249 0.400 97.586

Bus250 0.400 97.470

Bus251 0.400 96.832

Bus252 0.400 97.036

Bus253 0.400 96.818

Bus254 0.400 97.285

Bus255 0.400 97.382

Bus256 0.400 97.015

Bus257 0.400 96.950

Bus258 0.400 96.660

Bus259 0.400 96.922

Bus260 0.400 96.107

Bus261 0.400 96.606

Bus262 0.400 97.199

Bus263 0.400 95.939

Bus264 0.400 97.145

Bus265 0.400 97.076

Bus266 0.400 97.070

Bus267 0.400 97.083

Bus268 0.400 97.296

Bus269 0.400 96.896

Bus270 0.400 97.085

Bus271 0.400 97.382

Bus272 0.400 97.043

Bus273 0.400 96.974

Bus274 0.400 97.580

Bus277 0.400 97.462

Bus278 0.400 97.533

Bus279 0.400 96.670

Bus280 0.400 97.234

Bus281 0.400 97.515

Bus282 0.400 97.416

Bus283 0.400 97.517

Bus284 0.400 97.203

Bus286 0.400 97.084

Bus287 0.400 96.971

Bus288 0.400 97.414

Bus289 0.400 97.295

Bus291 0.400 97.383

Bus294 33.000 98.713

Bus295 0.400 96.929

Bus296 0.400 97.080

Bus297 0.400 97.051

Bus298 0.400 97.049

Bus299 0.400 97.201

Bus300 0.400 97.427

Bus301 0.400 97.282

Bus302 0.400 97.712

Bus303 0.400 97.409

Bus304 0.400 97.238

Bus305 0.400 97.283

Bus306 0.400 97.180

Bus307 0.400 97.546

Bus308 0.400 97.234

Bus309 0.400 96.954

Bus310 0.400 96.899

Bus311 0.400 97.239

Bus312 0.400 97.519

Bus313 0.400 96.764

Bus314 0.400 97.092

Bus315 0.400 97.585

Bus316 0.400 96.890

Bus317 0.400 97.042

Bus318 0.400 96.991

Bus319 0.400 98.190

Bus320 0.400 98.328

Bus321 0.400 97.732

Bus322 0.400 98.297

Bus323 0.400 98.618

Bus324 0.400 98.392

Bus325 0.400 98.625

Bus327 0.400 96.814

Bus328 0.400 97.015

Appendix 13

Minimum after changing taps


Bus65 0.400 98.445

Bus68 0.400 99.760

Bus69 0.400 98.251

Bus70 0.400 98.626

Bus73 0.400 101.099

Bus179 0.400 101.654

Bus180 0.400 102.194

Bus181 0.400 102.842

Bus182 0.400 98.582

Bus183 0.400 98.534

Bus184 0.400 98.318

Bus185 0.400 98.581

Bus186 0.400 102.434

Bus187 0.400 102.598

Bus188 0.400 98.247

Bus189 0.400 102.690

Bus190 0.400 102.736

Bus191 0.400 102.412

Bus192 0.400 98.582

Bus193 0.400 98.790

Bus195 0.400 97.188

Bus196 0.400 101.830

Bus197 0.400 102.012

Bus198 0.400 102.503

Bus199 0.400 102.304

Bus200 0.400 102.010

Bus201 0.400 101.254

Bus202 0.400 102.148

Bus203 0.400 98.185

Bus204 0.400 98.308

Bus205 0.400 98.273

Bus206 0.400 98.191

Bus207 0.400 102.581

Bus208 0.400 102.775

Bus209 0.400 102.764

Bus210 0.400 102.376

Bus211 0.400 98.136

Bus212 0.400 102.585

Bus213 0.400 102.633

Bus214 0.400 102.429

Bus215 0.400 102.871

Bus216 0.400 102.888

Bus217 0.400 103.033

Bus218 0.400 102.237

Bus219 0.400 102.752

Bus220 0.400 102.704

Bus221 0.400 102.875

Bus222 0.400 101.790

Bus223 0.400 102.118

Bus224 0.400 102.122

Bus225 0.400 102.640

Bus226 0.400 102.804

Bus227 0.400 102.341

Bus228 0.400 98.269

Bus229 0.400 101.896

Bus230 0.400 102.140

Bus231 0.400 102.537

Bus232 0.400 102.919

Bus233 0.400 102.876

Bus234 0.400 102.862

Bus235 0.400 101.961

Bus236 0.400 102.966

Bus237 0.400 102.533

Bus238 0.400 102.128

Bus239 0.400 102.879

Bus240 0.400 102.530

Bus241 0.400 102.874

Bus242 0.400 98.191

Bus243 0.400 101.543

Bus244 0.400 101.784

Bus245 0.400 102.412

Bus246 0.400 102.359

Bus247 0.400 102.641

Bus248 0.400 101.555

Bus249 0.400 102.368

Bus250 0.400 102.244

Bus251 0.400 101.560

Bus252 0.400 101.778

Bus253 0.400 101.545

Bus254 0.400 102.043

Bus255 0.400 102.133

Bus256 0.400 101.753

Bus257 0.400 101.683

Bus258 0.400 101.373

Bus259 0.400 101.607

Bus260 0.400 100.778

Bus261 0.400 101.312

Bus262 0.400 101.929

Bus263 0.400 100.597

Bus264 0.400 101.889

Bus265 0.400 101.815

Bus266 0.400 101.808

Bus267 0.400 101.822

Bus268 0.400 102.043

Bus269 0.400 101.622

Bus270 0.400 101.824

Bus271 0.400 102.142

Bus272 0.400 101.750

Bus273 0.400 101.705

Bus274 0.400 102.362

Bus277 0.400 102.234

Bus278 0.400 102.309

Bus279 0.400 101.385

Bus280 0.400 101.989

Bus281 0.400 102.282

Bus282 0.400 102.185

Bus283 0.400 102.292

Bus284 0.400 101.954

Bus286 0.400 101.827

Bus287 0.400 101.706

Bus288 0.400 102.168

Bus289 0.400 102.053

Bus291 0.400 97.287

Bus294 33.000 98.661

Bus295 0.400 101.603

Bus296 0.400 101.826

Bus297 0.400 101.795

Bus298 0.400 101.792

Bus299 0.400 101.955

Bus300 0.400 102.166

Bus301 0.400 102.044

Bus302 0.400 102.506

Bus303 0.400 102.182

Bus304 0.400 101.956

Bus305 0.400 102.007

Bus306 0.400 101.933

Bus307 0.400 102.325

Bus308 0.400 101.990

Bus309 0.400 101.690

Bus310 0.400 101.631

Bus311 0.400 101.957

Bus312 0.400 102.281

Bus313 0.400 101.487

Bus314 0.400 101.838

Bus315 0.400 102.366

Bus316 0.400 101.622

Bus317 0.400 101.737

Bus318 0.400 101.677

Bus319 0.400 98.120

Bus320 0.400 98.274

Bus321 0.400 102.538

Bus322 0.400 98.233

Bus323 0.400 98.567

Bus324 0.400 98.340

Bus325 0.400 98.574

Bus327 0.400 101.541

Bus328 0.400 101.717

Appendix14

Minimum after transformer change and connection point

Bus Vrated Operating (%) Bus65 0.400 99.003

Bus68 0.400 99.760

Bus69 0.400 98.819

Bus70 0.400 98.920

Bus73 0.400 101.456

Bus179 0.400 103.328

Bus180 0.400 103.158

Bus181 0.400 103.214

Bus182 0.400 98.938

Bus183 0.400 98.890

Bus184 0.400 98.675

Bus185 0.400 98.967

Bus186 0.400 103

Analysis optimization and monitoring system

Engineering

Transcript of Analysis optimization and monitoring system