Analysis of US Patent Referencing to IEEE Papers ......Analysis of US Patent Referencing to IEEE...

Analysis of US Patent Referencing to IEEE Papers, Conferences, and Standards 1997-2017

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Executive Summary IEEE engaged 1790 Analytics in this project to assess the impact of IEEE publications on developments in various technologies. This impact is measured by examining the extent to which patented inventions build upon papers from IEEE journals, IEEE-sponsored conferences, and IEEE standards. This is an update of previous reports, and examines US patents issued from January 1, 1997 through December 31, 2017. The main findings of this report are: • New technology continues to build upon science, and the dependence is increasing.

In this study, the top 30 firms (in 2017) were granted 75,102 patents, which made a total of 535,999 non-patent references (an average of 7.13 non-patent references per patent). Back in 2010 the top 30 firms had 58,179 patents which made a total of 239,789 non-patent references (an average of 4.13 non-patent references per patent) Thus, the number of patents is trending upward but the number of references from those patents is rising at a greater rate. Since a large number of these non-patent references are to scientific articles and conference papers, this suggests that today’s technology developments are increasingly linked to developments in published science.

• A large portion of this science base comes from papers presented at IEEE sponsored

conferences and published in IEEE journals. The top 30 patenting firms in 2017 have referenced over 1,276,109 articles in the last 21 years. About 31% (390,314) of those articles appeared in IEEE journals, IEEE sponsored conferences or IEEE Standards Documents.

• In this study, we also went beyond the top 30 patenting companies and analyzed all

patents from the last 21 years in several technology categories of interest to IEEE members and customers. For example, 33.5% of all scientific references from Computer Hardware patents go to IEEE publications. The second most referenced publisher is ACM (Association for Computer Machinery) with 16.57% of the referenced publications. In other Information Technology areas, such as Information Storage, Semiconductor Manufacturing, and Computer Software, the results are similar.

• In Telecommunications technology, IEEE is particularly important. The 449,917

references to IEEE articles and conferences represents 44% of all science references from Telecommunications patents since 1997. To help put this in perspective consider: Telecommunications is a very technology driven industry and that technology is often built upon scientific discoveries published in journal and conference papers. If we consider this set of papers as the science base of telecommunications, than almost half of that science base is published in IEEE journals or presented at IEEE sponsored conferences. In addition, the 496,628 references to IEEE dwarf the combined total of the next 25 publishing organizations in this technology.

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• This year for the first time we examined three new technology categories: Artificial

Intelligence (AI), Autonomous Vehicles, and Internet-of-Things related patents. In AI, IEEE enjoys a 3-fold lead over second place ACM. In Autonomous Vehicles, IEEE has a dominant lead (8-fold lead) over second place SPIE. And in the Internet-of-Things category IEEE has a 6-fold lead over second place ACM.

• IEEE is referenced a surprising amount in areas which are not central to its mission.

− For example, just over 7% of the science references from patents in medical devices go to IEEE publications. This ranks IEEE fourth behind RELX and Lippincott-Williams, and Wiley (with 23%, 11%, and 9% respectively). The latter publishers have hundreds of journals in the medical area, whereas IEEE has only a few, so the 7% figure is quite solid for a non-core area.

− Optics is also somewhat surprising. IEEE publications receive the most

references from Optics patents, and IEEE is referenced even more than the two large Optics Societies that would be expected to lead the area: OSA – The Optical Society of America, and SPIE – The International Society of Optical Engineering.

− In Measuring, Testing, and Control, IEEE gets 18.99% of all references, which

is just ahead of the 14.37% of RELX while, again, RELX has many more journal titles in the space.

− In the Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing category, 42.74% of the patent

references are to articles published in IEEE journals or in proceedings of IEEE sponsored conferences. Second place RELX receives about one-fifth as many references in the category.

− Patents related to Power Systems and Transmission also reference IEEE

publications most frequently. The 39,778 references to IEEE journal and proceedings papers are more than the next two top referenced publishers (RELX and Electrochemical Society) combined. We also examined a specialized subset of the Power Transmission category related to smart meters and smart grids. In this category, 64% of the scientific references from patents go to IEEE journal or conference papers. The second most referenced publisher is RELX with only 4.24% of all references.

− A few years back we started tracking some green energy categories: Solar and

Photovoltaic energy and Wind energy. In the latter category IEEE science has a big advantage over the other publishers with more than 42% of the references. In solar energy, IEEE has a small lead over RELX. RELX has more than 50 journal titles related to the area including several high impact journals such as Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Thin Solid Films, Solar Energy,

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Synthetic Metals, Journal of Crystal Growth, and Solar Cells, IEEE has only a few.

− In broadcasting technologies IEEE leads with 36% of the references, which is 5

times as many as second place International Telecommunication Union. The latter produces standards documents while the IEEE references are to standards documents as well as peer reviewed scientific papers from journals and conferences.

• It has been shown that high-quality, high-impact, and valuable patents tend to be

cited more frequently by later patents. Citation impact is thus often used as a quantitative measure for evaluating patents (see [3]). In this study, we found that the patents that reference IEEE papers are cited more often than patents that do not. This was shown to be true for each of the seventeen technology categories we examined. This suggests that, not only do IEEE publications frequently provide the science base for new inventions, but that inventions that build upon IEEE publications are more likely to be valuable in the future than inventions that do not build upon IEEE.

• Although this study concentrates on patents in specific technology areas, it should

be noted that the importance of scientific and technical literature to patented technology is increasing in all areas. Our research shows that the average US patent had only 2.76 non-patent references (NPRs) back in 1997. That number jumped to 11.21 by 2017 – a 306% increase. These numbers are for all issued US patents and not just those in the seventeen categories covered in this report.1 This means that in the overall patent system, patented technologies are increasingly referencing scientific articles.

• Since we only look at specific categories of technology plus the top 30 firms, there

is no way to know exactly how much referencing to IEEE has increased since 1997. However, we can make an estimate for the whole patent system by identifying any Non-Patent References that mention “IEEE” or “I.E.E.E.” (This will of course miss things like the Journal of Lightwave Technology or Spectrum which may not have IEEE in the reference, but it will be a reasonable estimate.) If we do a comparison as above we find that there were just 14,635 patent references with IEEE or I.E.E.E in 1997, but 143,349 in 2017 (an 879% increase). Thus science referencing and IEEE referencing have both increased greatly since 1997.

1 Including science intensive areas like Biotechnology, Pharmaceuticals, Chemicals, and other areas where IEEE typically has little influence.

Table of Contents Section Page I. Introduction 2 II. Methodology 2 III. Results 5 IV. Conclusions 12 V. References 13 VI. Figures 14 Appendix A A-1 Appendix B B-1 Appendix C C-1

I. Introduction In previous studies, it was found that patents reference papers from IEEE journals much more often than papers from other journal publishers. In this report, we update the previous results, and study US patents issued from January 1997 through December 2017. Although this report is an update of previous results, we have made our best efforts to make this report self-contained. The aim of this report, as in previous reports, is to analyze references from patents to journal articles, conferences and standards documents, in order to assess IEEE’s impact upon technological developments. This report covers seventeen subcategories of Technology where IEEE members and readers are active. Many, but not all are related to Information Technology. The categories patent counts are shown below in Table 1. Table 1: Number of Patents for Each Category Covered in this Study

Category # Patents 1997-2017AI/Artificial Intelligence 8553Autonomous Vehicles 1242Broadcasting 145686Computer Hardware 399435Computer Software 227936Diagnosis/Surgery/Medical Instruments 206775Information Storage 132680IOT/Internet of Things 5924Measuring, Testing and Control Devices 207316Optics/Photography/Electrophotography 157693Power Systems 108289Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing 30356Semiconductors/Solid-State Devices/Electronics 275250Smart Grid/Smart Meters/Energy Infrastructure 3886Solar/Photovoltaic 12159Telecom and Other Communications 570557Wind Energy 5989 II. Methodology This study is based on referencing patterns from patents to prior art documents. When an inventor files a patent for a new invention, he/she will typically reference earlier documents to show that the new invention either builds upon, or improves upon, what came earlier. The inventor’s patent attorney and/or the examiner may also add prior art references to either clarify or limit the claims of the new invention. As an example, Figure 1 shows the front page of a patent owned by IBM. The prior art references on this patent come in two forms - references to earlier patents, and “other references”. These other references are often to scientific publications, such as those produced by

IEEE. In this report we are primarily concerned with these other references, which are also sometimes called “Non-Patent References”. It has been suggested that patents with many non-patent references are likely to contain new leading-edge ideas, whereas patents that only reference earlier patents are likely to be incremental improvements on earlier patented technologies. For a comprehensive study on various hypotheses surrounding the motivations of inventors in citing other references, see [1]. Patent Sets used in the Analysis This study is based on two patent sets. Our analysis is based on determining the number of references from these patent sets to publications from publishers such as IEEE, RELX (formerly Elsevier), the American Institute of Physics, and others. The first set contains patents from the top 30 patenting companies in 2017. Analysis of this patent set provides an insight into how the top tier companies rely upon science from IEEE and other publishers. The second set contains all patents in seventeen technology categories from all companies, universities, government agencies, and individuals. The seventeen technology categories examined are shown in Table 1 above. Analysis of this patent set reveals the wider influence of IEEE science in these technologies. Identifying Relevant Non-Patent References Non-patent references can be to any published document, from comic strips and brochures, to scientific articles and standards documents. The main difficulty in identifying relevant non-patent references for a study such as this is that inventors do not use a standard form for listing references. As an example, Table 2 contains eight different variants for the IEEE Global Telecom Conference. Note that some inventors just use the GLOBECOM shorthand, while others list the entire name. Sometimes IEEE is mentioned and sometimes it is not. When abbreviation variations are included such as Telecom, Tele, Tcom, Proc., Proceed., the number of variants increases further. The same issue exists for variants in journal names and standards documents. For example there are more than 30 variant spellings of the journal title Journal Of Thoracic And Cardiovascular Surgery including numerous mis-spellings of thoracic and every conceivable way of abbreviating cardiovascular.

Table 2 – Variants for IEEE Global Telecom Conference Proceedings of Globecom '96 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM '90:IEEE Proceedings of IEEE Globecom '94 Globecom '97 IEEE Globecom, Global Telecommunications Conference and Exhibiton Proc of the Global Tele Conf, U.S. New York, IEEE

Conference Identification – to identify conference proceedings among the non-patent references, we first identified references containing keywords such as meeting, symposia, conference, etc. We then used parsing software to identify 2-word and 3-word phrases that appear frequently in this set of papers. The full string was identified for these string sub-sequences in order to identify frequently cited conferences. In this way, we identified the top conferences referenced in the patent sets, and standardized the names of these conferences (i.e. all of the different variants of a conference were collected under a single name). As an example, all of the variants shown in Table 2 are assigned to the name ‘<conf> IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM)’. We then looked up each of these conferences on the web to determine who is listed as their primary sponsor. For example, many of the conferences are sponsored by organizations such as IEEE, ACM (Association for Computer Machinery) and ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers). Some conferences are jointly sponsored by multiple organizations and this is noted as well. When we first started identifying conferences in the 2005 report, we looked up the top 100 most referenced conferences in order to identify the primary sponsors or hosts. In this current report we have identified the sponsors for the top 1,200+ most referenced conferences. These 1,200+ conferences are listed under more than 10,000 variant names. Standards Identification – Standards documents are increasingly referenced, and in general they are easy to identify by looking for strings such as ‘standard’ or ‘std’. Once the records containing the standards were located, it is straightforward to identify the organization that produced each standard (ITU, IEEE, ISO, JEDEC, ANSI, etc.). Further, once the standards bodies are identified, we then identify references to other documents that do not specifically list the words ‘standard’ or ‘std.’ The latter step is necessary since some references look like this “ISO/TC97/SC21/N2066” or “IEEE802.3” without a specific mention of the word “standard.” As a consequence we also identify other non-standard documents released from these organizations including draft standards and “requests for comments” documents if they are cited by patents. Journal Identification – identifying and standardizing journal names is a very difficult process because there are so many different journals, and their names can be abbreviated in many different ways. To make the problem more manageable, we base our analysis primarily to the 45,000+ journals covered by the combined databases of ISI/Thomson Reuters, Elesevier/SCOPUS, and 1790 Analytics, LLC. This is not a severe limitation, since these databases include more than 100 IEEE journals, 3,000+ RELX/Elsevier journals, and 1,200 Wiley journals. In addition, we also identify publishers of about 1,000 non-ISI, non-SCOPUS journals if they appear very frequently in the patent references, but do not appear in these databases. Once restricted to these 45,000+ journals, we used software that transforms journal names into common abbreviations and then implements string matching. Care must be taken with string matching because, for example, searching for “Urology Journal” will also accidentally identify “Neurology Journal”. Similarly, a search for the journal “Science” would accidentally pick up

any reference with ‘science’ in the paper title as well as any of the 800+ journals with science in their titles such as “Game and Wildlife Science”. Our proprietary software for journal identification (along with some human intervention) deals with all of these problems, so that we generate an accurate match between the patent references and 45,000+ journals. After identifying all of the relevant journals, we then used the ISI and SCOPUS databases and web research to identify the publisher of each journal III. Results References from Top 30 Patenting Organizations Table 3 shows the 30 firms that were granted the largest number of US patents in 2017. It should be noted that many of these firms consist of multiple subsidiaries, and these firms patent under many names. (For example General Electric has patents filed under 316 names, of which only a fraction contain General Electric in the name.) We identified all of the subsidiary names for each company to ensure that our patent counts are accurate. We identified the top 30 patenting firms because we want to understand the extent to which the current technology leaders use IEEE science. Figure 2 shows the 20 publishers of science whose publications are referenced most frequently by the 30 firms shown in Table 3. This figure shows that patents issued to the top 30 firms between 1997 and 2017 reference IEEE papers, conferences, and standards more than 390,000 times. This is more than three times as many references as the second placed publisher ACM (Association for Computer Machinery). In addition, if conference publications that are jointly sponsored are counted, such as the conferences jointly sponsored between IEEE and the Japanese Society of Applied Physics, or IEEE and ACM, then the number of references from the top 30 companies to IEEE increases by another 30,000+ references. IEEE receives almost 31% of the science references from the patents of the top 30 companies. The next closest publisher (ACM) has 10% of the total and IEEE’s share of references is about the same as the next seven publishers combined. About 1/3 of the 390,000+ patent references to IEEE are to IEEE sponsored conferences. Table 4 illustrates the reference distribution of IBM, which is the top patent holder in 2017 (and for the past 15 years). This reference distribution is typical of the top 30 firms. The references from IBM to IEEE are actually to a number of different IEEE journals and conferences. In this table, IEEE journals are highlighted in yellow and IEEE conferences are highlighted in orange. The top overall reference is to IEEE is to the International Electron Device Meeting. The top IEEE journals are IEEE Computer Magazine and IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. Notice that 33 of the top 65 journals and conferences referenced by IBM patents are published or sponsored by IEEE. Fifteen of the top 65 journals and conferences are published or sponsored by ACM. As a software firm, IBM tends to reference ACM much more than most of the top 30 firms, but still IBM references IEEE about twice as often as ACM as seen in Appendix A-9 (53,139 references to IEEE and 27,883 references to ACM.) The reader may notice the large

number of references to ‘IEEE Unseparated’ or ‘Misc ACM’ in Table 4. These are articles that reference IEEE or ACM, but the inventor has not given a reference specific enough to identify the proper journal or conference. A few examples can be found in Table 5 below. These are relatively complete references; it is not clear why the inventors were not more careful about listing the full journal names. Table 3 – Top-Patenting Firms in 2017

Rank Full Parent Name2017

Patent Count1997-2017

Patent Count1 International Business Machines Corp 9052 1007792 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 6161 691663 Canon Inc 3787 575394 Intel Corporation 3744 377265 Samsung SDI Co Ltd 2795 157726 Qualcomm Inc 2741 218887 LG Electronics Inc. 2718 226668 Google Inc. 2681 160489 General Electric Company 2615 38661

10 Microsoft Corporation 2606 3552911 Sony Corp 2505 4340112 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. 2421 1561013 Toyota Motor Corp 2288 1858414 Apple Inc 2252 1479515 Amazon.com Inc. 2052 740316 Huawei Technologies Company Ltd. 1977 861517 Panasonic Corporation 1904 4917018 Ford Motor Co. 1876 1260319 Toshiba Corp 1853 3930120 Fujitsu Limited 1830 3496121 Dell Technologies Inc 1778 1222222 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co. Ltd.(also known as 1705 3714223 Ericsson 1587 1676824 Hitachi Ltd 1584 3983725 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft 1506 2626326 Medtronic Inc 1463 1860227 BOE Technology Group Ltd 1446 307728 Seiko Epson Corporation 1416 2258429 Bosch (Robert) GmbH 1385 1875130 Nokia Corp 1374 30730

Table 4 – Reference Distribution from IBM Patents 1997-2017 References Journal/Conference/Standard

4349 Misc ACM4194 IP.com2932 IEEE Unseparated2773 <conf> IEEE Int Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)2379 ACM SIGPLAN Notices2296 IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT2263 APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS2072 IETF Network Working Group1771 COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM1710 <conf> Int Conf on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB)1692 <std> IETF Document1431 IEEE tr ELECTRON DEVICES1421 Computer (IEEE)1344 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS1336 <conf> USENIX Conference Proceedings1280 <conf> IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys - symp on VLSI tech1252 IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS1249 <conf> IEEE int conf on Data eng (ICDE)1248 <conf> ACM/IEEE Design Automation conf1231 Proc SPIE1225 <std> IETF Std1205 <conf> Proceedings ACM SIGMOD Symp1182 IBM SYSTEMS JOURNAL1149 <conf> ACM/IEEE int symp on comp Architecture (ISCA)1138 IEEE tr COMPUTERS1004 IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS994 Proceedings of ACM SIGMOD972 ACM SIGOPS836 IEEE tr MAGNETICS790 <std> NIST Document787 <conf> IEEE int conf on Distributed comp sys782 J Vac Sci tech772 comp Architecture News712 <conf> IEEE Int Conf Acous, Speech, and Sig Proc (ICASSP)708 IEEE tr Software eng682 SCIENCE676 IEEE tr comp Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and sys675 <conf> ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)614 <conf> IEEE int symp On High Performance comp Architecture (HPCA)601 IEEE tr KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING597 <conf> Proceedings ACM SIGCOMM Symp597 <conf> proc IEEE int Solid State Circuits Conf (ISSCC)595 IEEE tr PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS572 <conf> IEEE Hawaii Int Conf on Sys Sci (HICSS)562 IEEE Proceedings559 JOURNAL OF THE ACM555 <conf> IEEE/ACM Proceedings on Supercomputing (SUPERCOMP)545 <conf> IEEE/ACM Int Conf on Software eng (ICSE)535 Misc SPIE532 <conf> IEEE Misc Conf519 <conf> IEEE Electronic Components and tech conf514 IEEE tr INFORMATION THEORY510 <conf> IEEE/ACM int conf on comp Aided Design (ICCAD)497 <conf> IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium493 <conf> Proceedings ACM SIGPLAN Symp492 ACM (MISC)486 PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS484 NATURE475 IEEE MICRO470 NANO LETTERS463 ACM comp Surveys CSUR462 <conf> ACSA/IEEE ann comp Security app conf (ACSAC)452 <std> Network Working Group RFC451 <conf> IEEE int Symp on High Performance Distributed comp444 IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS

Table 5 – Examples of References Mapped to “IEEE Unseparated”

Patent NPR

# NPR Text

05692177 3 Lewis et al. "Hashing for dynamic and static internal tables." IEEE, pp. 45-56 Oct. 1988.

05699518 4 "The Design and Implementation of a Reliable Distributed Operating System--ROSE", Ng, IEEE, pp. 2-11, Apr. 1990.

05699518 5 "A service Platform for Distributed Applications", Popescu-Zeletin et al, IEEE, pp. 11-17, Jul. 1992.

05709219 5 Kotoku, Tetsuo et al., "Environment Modeling for the Interactive Display (EMID) Used in Telerobotic Systems," IEEE Nov. 3-5 1991, pp. 999-1004.

05709219 6

Kotoku, Tetsuo, "A Predictive Display with Force Feedback and Its Application to Remote Manipulation System with Transmission Time Delay," IEEE Jul. 7-10 1992, pp. 239-246.

05709219 8 Burdea, Grigore et al., "Distributed Virtual Force Feedback," IEEE May 2, 1993, Atlanta, GA, pp. 25-44.

References from Companies in Seventeen Technology Categories In the previous section, we analyzed the use of IEEE science by the top patenting organizations. Out of all science publishers, IEEE was cited most often by these organizations by a wide margin. However, looking only at the top companies tells an incomplete story. IEEE publishes journals and runs conferences mainly in information technology, electronics and other areas. It is therefore useful to examine the extent to which IEEE science is referenced by all organizations that patent in specific technologies and not just the leading companies. As mentioned in the methodology section, we identified all patents in the seventeen technology categories shown above in Table 1. 1790 Analytics has developed a classification scheme that categorizes all patents into 50 broad technology areas based on International Patent Classes (IPCs) which are assigned to each patent as part of the examination process. This scheme was used to identify all relevant patents for the current analysis. We examined each of the seventeen technology areas separately, and the results are summarized in Figures 3-19. The first category shown (in Figure 3) is Artificial Intelligence (AI). We identified all non-patent references on patents related to this technology issued between 1997 and 2017. We then determined the science publishers responsible for the largest number of these non-patent references. Figure 3 shows the result of this analysis, namely that IEEE science is referenced far more in AI related patents than science from any other publisher. Thirty four percent of all science references from these patents go to IEEE journal papers or IEEE sponsored conference papers (the graphs also include standards documents, but the vast majority of the references are to journal or conference papers). In second place is the ACM with 11.39% of the references.

AI is a new category for this year as is Autonomous Vehicles in Figure 4. Here again IEEE dominates in references. In this case more than half (57.92%) of all references are to IEEE in this category. Figure 5 covers Broadcasting patents, which is a category we first added in 2015. This category consists of US patents in the IPCs for Broadcast Communication and Pictorial Communication (Television). It would seem that this would be an area that is somewhat tangential to IEEE’s core mission. However, Thirty seven percent of all science references from these patents go to IEEE journal papers or IEEE sponsored conference papers. The International Tele-communications Union is a distant second with 7.15% of all references. Figures 6 and 7 show referencing patterns from Computer Hardware and Software patents. Here IEEE once again receives far more references than the other publishers. In both cases, ACM is the second most referenced publisher, but it receives about half of the references that papers published by IEEE receive. Figure 8 examines the top referenced publishers in the Medical Device field, which covers devices as well as diagnostic tools and surgical instruments. Here, IEEE is a respectable fourth in an area that is somewhat outside its core competency. RELX who has more than 400 journals in the field, such as Annals of Thoracic Surgery, and the Journal of the American College of Cardiology has a substantial lead with 20.5% of all references. Wiley and Lippincott have 7.9% and 7.8% respectively, so although IEEE is in fourth place, it is not far off of second or third with 7.3% of all references. Figure 9 contains the results for the information storage category. In this area, IEEE is particularly dominant. 43.9% of all of the science references from patents in information storage are to papers in IEEE journals or conferences. IEEE’s 81,148 references in this category are more than six times as many as second place AIP (American Institute of Physics). Another new category for this year covers Internet-of-Things patents. As Figure 10 shows, IEEE science is very important to the development of this new and active area of patenting. More than 51% of all science references are to IEEE content. ACM is a distant second with 7.99% of all references. Figure 11 contains the results of patents covering Measuring, Testing, and Control technology. Patents in this category are related to measuring or testing, force, pressure, weight, etc. as well as chemically measuring substances (e.g. measuring CO2 levels). The category also contains control devices since these technologies are often combined. For example a patent might be related to a valve that adjusts at a certain pressure or at a certain pollution level. Since this type of measuring can be done both mechanically, magnetically, electrically, or chemically, it is not too surprising to see both IEEE and RELX and the Optical and Chemical Societies all near the top of Figure 11. IEEE receives the most references, but the lead is not as dominant as in the Information Technology related technology areas. The results for the Optics category can be found in Figure 12. This is another area that is slightly outside the IEEE core. IEEE still has a lead over the second and third place publishers – the

Optical Society of America (OSA) and the International Society of Optical Engineering (SPIE). Since these latter two societies are Optical societies, it would be reasonable to assume that one of these societies would lead in the category but IEEE strong journals and conferences in the area receive more references from optics patents. Figure 13 contains results for the patents related to power generation and transmission. Although this is a non-information technology category, IEEE leads in references in this category as well. 33.9% of science references from patents in this category go to IEEE publications. RELX is second with 20.34% of all US patent references in the category. Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics contains patents related to robotics, and robotics and control systems related to manufacturing. According to Markets and Markets, the Robotics market is about a $20 billion dollar industry because of a population explosion in “service robots” that mow lawns, vacuum floors, and manufacture things. As this industry grows, new innovations will be patented, and from Figure 14 it looks like those innovations will build upon ideas published in IEEE journal articles or presented at IEEE conferences. We see in that 42.74% of all science references from patents in this space refer to IEEE published articles. RELX is the second ranked publisher, but its papers receive only 8.19% of the science references. In this category, IEEE has more references then the next 15 publishers combined. Figure 15 shows that IEEE is also very strong in the Semiconductor category. Here, the inclusion of conferences gives IEEE a substantial boost. Approximately one-third of the references to IEEE are to conference papers. With conferences excluded, IEEE would be about the same level as the American Institute of Physics in terms of science references from semiconductor patents. The Smart Meter/Smart Grid category covers patents related to improving the power grid as well as for advanced residential electric meters. This is a relatively small category but as we see in Figure 16, the IEEE provides the bulk of the science base with 64% of all patent references. Solar and Photovoltaic energy results are contained in Figure 17. IEEE holds a small lead over RELX in this category in spite of having fewer journal titles. RELX has several strong journals in this category including Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Thin Solid Films, Solar Energy, Synthetic Metals, Journal of Crystal Growth, Solar Cells, plus more than 50 smaller journal titles related to this technology. The references to IEEE science in this category mainly go to the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists conference, the IEEE World conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, and IEEE Transactions on Electronic Devices. The Telecommunications category is the strongest large category for IEEE. There are over three times as many references to IEEE conference and journal papers as to second place publisher 3GPP (which is a standards body). Standards are referenced more frequently in telecommunications, but still not nearly as often as journal and conference papers. About 55% of the nearly one million total references to all publishers are to journal articles; 25% of the references are to conference papers, and about 20% are to standards documents. In terms of standards documents, the 3GPP General Partnership Project, Internet Engineering Task Force

and International Telecommunication Union received the most references in the category. New telecommunications patents are referencing scientific articles to a larger extent than in the past. In this category in 2008, there were just over 118,000 references to IEEE and last year there were 450,000 references to IEEE papers. Now as we see in Figure 18, there are more than 496,000 references to IEEE for telecommunications patents from 1997-2017. Thus, just one more year of patents added more than 46,000 references to IEEE documents. Standards documents are referenced increasingly often in Telecommunications patents. Five of the top 11 (7 of the top 20) referenced publishers are standards bodies. Moreover, of the 496,000 references to IEEE, over 20,000 are to various IEEE standards (mostly to the IEEE 802 family of standards). Wind Energy patents were tracked for the first time in last year’s report. We see in Figure 19 that in this area 39.96% of all science references from Wind Energy patents go to IEEE journal and conference papers. Here again, this is four times as many references as second place RELX receives, in spite of having fewer journal titles in the area than RELX does. Figures 3-19 show aggregate counts of references from all patents in each technology category. Readers who wish to see the firms that reference IEEE publications in each category can consult Appendix B. This appendix contains the 100 organizations that reference IEEE most frequently in each category. Appendix C is similar, except that it contains the organizations that reference IEEE most frequently in the seventeen technology categories combined. Citation Index for Patents Referencing IEEE In an earlier study (see [2]) it was shown that patents that reference specific IEEE journals perform better on a number of quality metrics. Moreover, it was shown that the results were statistically significant. In this report, we update a key figure from the previous study showing the citation index of patents that reference IEEE papers versus peer patents that do not reference IEEE. The citation index is a normalized citation metric that takes the number of citations received by a particular set of patents, and divides it by the expected number of citations for patents of the same age and technology class. A random set of patents therefore should have a citation index of 1.0. Research has shown that patents cited by many later patents tend to contain important ideas upon which the later patents are building (see [3] and [6]). Citation indicators are also the basis for the patented financial models (see [4] and [7]) invented by the two 1790 founders Breitzman and Thomas. Figure 20 contains the Citation Index for the patents in the seventeen technology categories that reference IEEE papers and conferences. Also shown is the Citation Index for the set of the remaining patents in each category that do not reference IEEE. Note that the set of all patents in each category have an expected citation index of 1.0. Thus we see that the patents that reference IEEE are cited at least 30% more than expected, while the patents that do not reference IEEE are cited up to 30% less often than expected in some categories. This of course does not imply that all patents that reference IEEE are likely to be more valuable than patents that do not reference

IEEE, but it does suggest that in general, patented technologies that build upon IEEE published or sponsored science are more likely to be valuable than patented technologies that do not reference IEEE science. IV. Conclusions When a patent is filed, it must reference the prior art upon which it builds, as well as any prior art that limits the claims of the new invention. This study and prior studies show that science published by IEEE forms a significant portion of this prior art for new patents. In this study, we examined two separate patent sets. The first patent set consisted of patents granted between 1997 and 2017 to the 30 organizations with the largest number of US patents granted in 2017. The second patent set consisted of all US patents granted between 1997 and 2017 patents in seventeen key technologies: Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous Vehicles, Broadcasting, and several other categories. In both of these patent sets IEEE is the dominant source of non-patent prior art. In other words, IEEE journals and conferences are key outlets for scientific discoveries relevant to cutting edge technology. Finally, we conducted an analysis of citation indices for IEEE related patents and non-IEEE related patents. These types of metrics have been shown in validation studies to be good markers for the quality, impact, and potential value of patents [3]. In this study, it was shown that patents that build upon IEEE published science tend to have higher citation indices than patents that do not reference IEEE. This suggests but does not guarantee that patents that build upon IEEE science are more likely to become high-quality, high-impact, valuable inventions than patents that do not build upon IEEE. Specific key results are identified in the Executive Summary.

V. References [1] Branstetter, Lee. “Is Academic Science Driving a Surge in Industrial Innovation? Evidence from Patent Citations,” Columbia Business School, Discussion Paper #28. [2] Breitzman, Anthony. "IEEE and Patents: An Analysis of Patent Referencing to IEEE Papers, Conferences and Standards", 1790 Analytics, LLC, May 23, 2005 [3] Breitzman, Anthony and Mogee, Mary Ellen. “The Many Applications of Patent Analysis,” of Information Science, 28, 3, 187-205, 2002. [4] Breitzman, Anthony., “Method and Apparatus for Choosing a Stock Portfolio, Based on Patent Indicators,” US Patent #6,175,824, Jan. 16, 2001. [5] Fortune Magazine, “Ten Tech Trends,” January 10, 2005. [6] Hall, Bronwyn H., Jaffe, Adam B. and Trajtenberg, Manuel., "The NBER Patent Citations Data File: Lessons, Insights and Methodological Tools" (December 2001). CEPR Discussion Paper No. 3094. [7] Thomas, Patrick., “System and Method for Producing Technology-Based Price Targets for a Company Stock,” US Patent #6,832,211, Dec. 14, 2004.

Figure 2 - # and % of US Patent References from Top 30 Companies to Top 20 Publishers, Conference Organizers, and Standards Organizations

Copyright (c) 2018, 1790 Analytics, LLC

390314 (30.59%)

127692 (10.01%)

85359 (6.69%)

81983 (6.42%)

35714 (2.80%)

29940 (2.35%)

29034 (2.28%)

23789 (1.86%)

23457 (1.84%)

20993 (1.65%)

19381 (1.52%)

17951 (1.41%)

17151 (1.34%)

11052 (0.87%)

10613 (0.83%)

9918 (0.78%)

9752 (0.76%)

8417 (0.66%)

8255 (0.65%)

6818 (0.53%)

0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000

Nature Publishing Group

SID-Society for Information Display

Optical Society of America

The USENIX Association

Network Working Group RFC

US Dept of Energy

IET/IEE

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ltd.

ACS-Am Chem Soc

SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering

International Telecommunication Union

Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force

Joint IEEE and ACM

Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad

John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss

American Institute of Physics

RELX Group (Elsevier)

3GPP Gen Partnership Project Standards Body

ACM-Assoc Comput Mach

IEEE

# and % References to Papers/Standards/Conferences from 1997-2017 Patents

Page 15

Figure 3 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2017 Artificial Intelligence US Patents to Top 20 Publishers, Conference Organizers,

and Standards Organizations


15918 (34.19%)

5302 (11.39%)

3927 (8.43%)

1967 (4.22%)

1067 (2.29%)

914 (1.96%)

810 (1.74%)

749 (1.61%)

619 (1.33%)

611 (1.31%)

586 (1.26%)

582 (1.25%)

530 (1.14%)

401 (0.86%)

365 (0.78%)

332 (0.71%)

298 (0.64%)

297 (0.64%)

288 (0.62%)

276 (0.59%)

0 5000 10000 15000 20000

World Wide Web Consortium

CRC Press/Taylor & Francis

National Institutes of Health - NIH

Natl Acad Sciences

Assoc for the Advance of Artificial Intelligence

American Assoc for the Advancement of Science


ACL - Association for Computational Linguistics

Neural Information Proc Systems Foundation

Oxford University Press

International Machine Learning Society (IMLS)


Joint IEEE and ACM

Numenta Inc.


MIT Press




IEEE

# and % of Science References from 1997-2017 Patents

Page 16

Figure 4 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2017 Autonomous Vehicle US Patents to Top 20 Publishers, Conference Organizers,



2121 (57.92%)

244 (6.66%)

201 (5.49%)

134 (3.66%)

87 (2.38%)

74 (2.02%)

46 (1.26%)

38 (1.04%)

37 (1.01%)

32 (0.87%)

31 (0.85%)

31 (0.85%)

24 (0.66%)

21 (0.57%)

18 (0.49%)

18 (0.49%)

18 (0.49%)

17 (0.46%)

17 (0.46%)

17 (0.46%)

0 1500 3000

New York Times

Defense Adv Res Projects Agency (DARPA)

Florida International University (FIU)

Frontiers Media S.A.

American Automatic Control Council (AACC)

NASA-National Aeronautics and Space Admin

IP.Com

MIT Press

SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers

Assoc for the Advanc of Artificial Intelligence

SAGE Publications

KES International

Condé Nast





IEEE/RSJ


IEEE


Page 17

Figure 5: # and % of Science References from 1997-2017 Broadcasting US Patents to Top 20 Publishers, Conference Organizers,



104214 (36.49%)

20433 (7.15%)

18729 (6.56%)

15947 (5.58%)

12113 (4.24%)

9150 (3.20%)

5879 (2.06%)

5850 (2.05%)

5441 (1.90%)

4776 (1.67%)

3814 (1.34%)

3642 (1.28%)

3076 (1.08%)

2992 (1.05%)

2943 (1.03%)

2446 (0.86%)

2395 (0.84%)

2305 (0.81%)

2168 (0.76%)

1722 (0.60%)

0 25000 50000 75000 100000 125000

Joint IEEE and ACM


ISO-International Standards Organization


Mcgraw Hill


New York Times

3GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body


Digital Equipment Corp


IET/IEE

National Cable & Telecommunications Assoc

ISO/IEC



Soc Motion Picture and Television Engineers



IEEE


Page 18

Figure 6 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2017 Computer Hardware US Patents to Top 20 Publishers, Conference Organizers, and

Standards Organizations


223960 (33.50%)

110797 (16.57%)

31337 (4.69%)

30557 (4.57%)

14237 (2.13%)

11469 (1.72%)

11221 (1.68%)

10255 (1.53%)

9667 (1.45%)

9663 (1.45%)

5722 (0.86%)

5237 (0.78%)

4597 (0.69%)

4552 (0.68%)

3920 (0.59%)

3835 (0.57%)

3617 (0.54%)

3468 (0.52%)

3211 (0.48%)

2952 (0.44%)

0 100000 200000 300000

Very Large Data Base (VLDB) Endowment

Mcgraw Hill

Soc Motion Picture and Television Engineers

Miller Freeman

United Business Media/UBM Tech

Ziff-Davis

IBM Corp.



IET/IEE







Joint IEEE and ACM



IEEE


Page 19

Figure 7 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2017 Computer Software US Patents to Top 20 Publishers, Conference Organizers,



235033 (31.72%)

118042 (15.93%)

47033 (6.35%)

21841 (2.95%)

17681 (2.39%)

17424 (2.35%)

15238 (2.06%)

13066 (1.76%)

8574 (1.16%)

7385 (1.00%)

5837 (0.79%)

5348 (0.72%)

5195 (0.70%)

5064 (0.68%)

4564 (0.62%)

4510 (0.61%)

4057 (0.55%)

3920 (0.53%)

3787 (0.51%)

3669 (0.50%)

0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000

International Assoc for Pattern Recognition (IAPR)

Source Media

ISCA (International Speech Communication Assoc)


International Data Group


Very Large Data Base (VLDB) Endowment

IET/IEE

Ziff-Davis

ACL - Association for Computational Linguistics






Joint IEEE and ACM




IEEE


Page 20

Figure 8 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2017 Medical Device US Patents to Top 20 Publishers and Conference Organizers


210863 (20.50%)

81226 (7.90%)

80536 (7.83%)

75197 (7.31%)

57441 (5.58%)

28507 (2.77%)

23108 (2.25%)

21094 (2.05%)

17626 (1.71%)

14022 (1.36%)

13952 (1.36%)

13862 (1.35%)

13522 (1.31%)

13443 (1.31%)

12800 (1.24%)

12716 (1.24%)

12011 (1.17%)

11823 (1.15%)

11567 (1.12%)

8960 (0.87%)

0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000

BMJ Publishing Group

Radiological Society of North America




American Diabetes Association

American Physiological Society




Mary Ann Liebert Inc.

Wolters Kluwer

Blackwell Publishing Inc.

Mosby Inc.

ACS-Am Chem Soc


IEEE





Page 21

Figure 9 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2017 Information Storage US Patents to Top 20 Publishers, Conference Organizers,



81148 (43.90%)

13463 (7.28%)

11326 (6.13%)

10769 (5.83%)

7783 (4.21%)

6267 (3.39%)

4712 (2.55%)

2549 (1.38%)

2507 (1.36%)

2331 (1.26%)

2327 (1.26%)

2156 (1.17%)

1879 (1.02%)

1843 (1.00%)

1758 (0.95%)

1613 (0.87%)

1533 (0.83%)

1490 (0.81%)

1284 (0.69%)

1134 (0.61%)

0 25000 50000 75000 100000

Electrochemical Society, Inc.


IBM Corp.




ACS-Am Chem Soc


INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS



Am Physical Soc

American Physical Society

Joint IEEE and ACM


IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys




IEEE

# and % Science References from 1997-2017 Patents

Page 22

Figure 10 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2017 Internet-Of-Things (IOT) US Patents to Top 20 Publishers, Conference Organizers,



5233 (51.40%)

813 (7.99%)

588 (5.78%)

398 (3.91%)

195 (1.92%)

156 (1.53%)

103 (1.01%)

95 (0.93%)

92 (0.90%)

90 (0.88%)

83 (0.82%)

77 (0.76%)

76 (0.75%)

61 (0.60%)

51 (0.50%)

47 (0.46%)

46 (0.45%)

44 (0.43%)

43 (0.42%)

42 (0.41%)

0 3000 6000

Association for the Adv of Artificial Intelligence

ACS-Am Chem Soc

Miller Freeman

Electric Power Research Institute

ANSI-American National Standards Institute

Ziff-Davis



ISCA (International Speech Communication Association)

Echelon Corp

European Telecom Standards Institute (ETSI)


Joint IEEE and ACM


IET/IEE





IEEE


Page 23

Figure 11 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2017 Measuring/Testing/Control US Patents to Top 20 Publishers and Conference

Organizers


87666 (18.99%)

66355 (14.37%)

30156 (6.53%)

29529 (6.40%)

25401 (5.50%)

23610 (5.11%)

16829 (3.65%)

11104 (2.41%)

8472 (1.84%)

6355 (1.38%)

5890 (1.28%)

4996 (1.08%)

4261 (0.92%)

3935 (0.85%)

3891 (0.84%)

3877 (0.84%)

3556 (0.77%)

3464 (0.75%)

3369 (0.73%)

2826 (0.61%)

0 25000 50000 75000 100000 125000




IOP Publishing

IET/IEE

Royal Society of Chemistry

Society of Petroleum Engineers

Society of Exploration Geophysicists

Natl Acad Sciences








ACS-Am Chem Soc



IEEE


Page 24

Figure 12 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2017 Optics US Patents to Top 20 Publishers and Conference Organizers


28075 (15.34%)

26908 (14.70%)

24012 (13.12%)

15431 (8.43%)

13900 (7.60%)

6242 (3.41%)

6175 (3.37%)

6075 (3.32%)

5470 (2.99%)

4981 (2.72%)

2441 (1.33%)

2366 (1.29%)

2096 (1.15%)

2006 (1.10%)

1884 (1.03%)

1545 (0.84%)

1371 (0.75%)

1309 (0.72%)

1293 (0.71%)

1253 (0.68%)

0 10000 20000 30000 40000

Am Physical Soc

PennWell Publishing Co.

European Conf on Optical Comm (ECOC) Society



SEMATECH Consortium







IEEE/OSA

IET/IEE

ACS-Am Chem Soc





IEEE


Page 25

Figure 13 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2017 Power Systems US Patents to Top 20 Publishers and Conference Organizers


39778 (33.79%)

23946 (20.34%)

10825 (9.19%)

6996 (5.94%)

4102 (3.48%)

3550 (3.02%)

1847 (1.57%)

1556 (1.32%)

1526 (1.30%)

1437 (1.22%)

1270 (1.08%)

1265 (1.07%)

748 (0.64%)

726 (0.62%)

692 (0.59%)

675 (0.57%)

567 (0.48%)

518 (0.44%)

485 (0.41%)

477 (0.41%)

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000

EPE Association

Am Physical Soc

Penton Media, Inc.

AIAA-Am Inst Aero Astro



ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng

Reed Business


US Dept of Energy

IET/IEE






ACS-Am Chem Soc



IEEE


Page 26

Figure 14 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2017 Robotics and Intelligent Mfg US Patents to Top 20 Publishers and Conference Organizers


290 (0.39%)

357 (0.49%)

377 (0.51%)

386 (0.52%)

390 (0.53%)

396 (0.54%)

443 (0.60%)

468 (0.64%)

599 (0.81%)

602 (0.82%)

666 (0.91%)

796 (1.08%)

1041 (1.41%)

1524 (2.07%)

1705 (2.32%)

2935 (3.99%)

2980 (4.05%)

3080 (4.19%)

6025 (8.19%)

31453 (42.74%)

0 10000 20000 30000 40000


ISA-Instrum Sys Automation Soc


Society of Petroleum Engineers

SAGES-Soc of American Gastro and Endoscopic Surgeons

ACS-Am Chem Soc


SAGE Publications

IET/IEE


Joint IEEE and ACM




IEEE/RSJ





IEEE


Page 27

Figure 15 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2017 Semiconductor US Patents to Top 20 Publishers and Conference Organizers


186263 (23.81%)

140500 (17.96%)

86871 (11.11%)

35977 (4.60%)

34167 (4.37%)

26481 (3.39%)

19939 (2.55%)

19176 (2.45%)

18949 (2.42%)

18127 (2.32%)

15444 (1.97%)

15330 (1.96%)

13371 (1.71%)

12327 (1.58%)

12083 (1.54%)

11560 (1.48%)

10677 (1.36%)

9925 (1.27%)

5650 (0.72%)

5352 (0.68%)

0 50000 100000 150000 200000

Joint IEEE and ACM

Japan Society of Applied Physics

IET/IEE

MRS-Materials Research Soc




Am Physical Soc






IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys


ACS-Am Chem Soc




IEEE


Page 28

Figure 16 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2017 Smart Meter/Smart Grid US Patents to Top 20 Publishers, Conference Organizers,



3195 (64.26%)

211 (4.24%)

161 (3.24%)

136 (2.74%)

83 (1.67%)

82 (1.65%)

69 (1.39%)

58 (1.17%)

45 (0.91%)

45 (0.91%)

41 (0.82%)

37 (0.74%)

33 (0.66%)

28 (0.56%)

26 (0.52%)

25 (0.50%)

24 (0.48%)

24 (0.48%)

23 (0.46%)

23 (0.46%)

0 1000 2000 3000 4000

Elecrostatic Discharge Association

Defense Adv Res Projects Agency (DARPA)

Hewlett-Packard Company

WIP-Renewable Energies



ACS-Am Chem Soc


ANSI-American National Standards Institute

Joint IEEE and ACM






Echelon Corp

IET/IEE



IEEE


Page 29

Figure 17 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2017 Solar/Photovoltaic US Patents to Top 20 Publishers, Conference Organizers,



7439 (19.11%)

6877 (17.67%)

5579 (14.33%)

4967 (12.76%)

3111 (7.99%)

1047 (2.69%)

862 (2.21%)

851 (2.19%)

651 (1.67%)

642 (1.65%)

597 (1.53%)

505 (1.30%)

456 (1.17%)

410 (1.05%)

368 (0.95%)

364 (0.94%)

307 (0.79%)

276 (0.71%)

216 (0.55%)

198 (0.51%)

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

Cambridge University Press



Am Physical Soc




US Dept of Energy

MRS-Materials Research Soc



Amer Assoc for the Advancement of Science


WIP-Renewable Energies



ACS-Am Chem Soc



IEEE


Page 30

Figure 18 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2017 Telecommunications US Patents to Top 20 Publishers, Conference Organizers,



496628 (42.44%)

150549 (12.87%)

47874 (4.09%)

34574 (2.95%)

31818 (2.72%)

28587 (2.44%)

24069 (2.06%)

18587 (1.59%)

16165 (1.38%)

14334 (1.22%)

13900 (1.19%)

13111 (1.12%)

11329 (0.97%)

11199 (0.96%)

11065 (0.95%)

10917 (0.93%)

10735 (0.92%)

7690 (0.66%)

7476 (0.64%)

6606 (0.56%)

0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000

ISO/IEC

IEEE/OSA

IEICE-Inst Elec Info Comm Eng


Joint IEEE and ACM

European Telecom Standards Institute (ETSI)




Soc of Motion Picture and Television Engineers





IET/IEE




3GPP Gen Partnership Proj Standards Body

IEEE


Page 31

Figure 19 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2017 Wind Energy US Patents to Top 20 Publishers, Conference Organizers,



1269 (39.96%)

316 (9.95%)

171 (5.38%)

160 (5.04%)

153 (4.82%)

151 (4.75%)

137 (4.31%)

105 (3.31%)

85 (2.68%)

52 (1.64%)

50 (1.57%)

32 (1.01%)

32 (1.01%)

22 (0.69%)

20 (0.63%)

14 (0.44%)

13 (0.41%)

13 (0.41%)

13 (0.41%)

12 (0.38%)

0 500 1000 1500



Reed Business


TIMES MIRROR MAG




Amer Assoc for the Advancement of Science

EPE Association

NASA-National Aeronautics and Space Admin

IET/IEE

AWEA-American Wind Energy Association


EWEA-European Wind Energy Association

US Dept of Energy


AIAA-Am Inst Aero Astro


IEEE


Page 32

Figure 20 - 1997-2017 Citation Index of US Patents Referencing IEEE Papers and Conferences Versus US Patents not Referencing IEEE for 17 Categories


1.3

3.0

2.0

1.8

2.1

4.3

1.5

2.5

1.6

1.5 1.6

2.0

1.5

2.6

1.8

1.6

2.5

0.8

2.7

1.2

1.2

1.7

2.5

0.9

1.8

0.9

0.7 0.

8 1.0

0.9

1.6

1.1 1.2 1.2

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0A

I/Arti

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l Int

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ence

Aut

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e

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urge

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Sto

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Phot

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Ele

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Rob

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Patents Referencing IEEE

Patents Not Referencing IEEE

Page 33

# Pat Refs to:Publisher Percent of Total

Appendix A - Publishers Receiving Most References from Top 30 Companies

(Top 30 Companies in terms of 2017 Patent Activity; References from 1997-2017 Patents)

Amazon.com Inc.28.42909ACM-Assoc Comput Mach

23.32391IEEE

5.5565RELX Group (Elsevier)

4.9498Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force

2.2226International Data Group

2.0203Joint IEEE and ACM

2.0203The USENIX Association

2.0201Information Processing Society of Japan

1.9192Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad

1.7178Ziff-Davis

1.6167CBS Interactive

1.4144New York Times

1.1110International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR)

1.1114SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering

1.0103United Business Media/UBM Tech

1.0103John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss

182 others with less than 1% each 1936 17.7

Apple Inc

38.924712IEEE

20.813223ACM-Assoc Comput Mach



1.61041ISCA (International Speech Communication Association)

1.59373GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body


1.1686Ziff-Davis

1.1723Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence

1.0628Optical Society of America

1.0641ISO/IEC


Wednesday, July 04, 2018 A-1Copyright (c) 2018, 1790 Analytics, LLC




BOE Technology Group Ltd19.746ACS-Am Chem Soc



11.126American Institute of Physics

6.816SID-Society for Information Display

4.310IEEE

3.48China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House

3.07INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS

2.66Nature Publishing Group

2.66CRC Press/Taylor & Francis

1.74Chinese Academy of Sciences


1.74Electrochemical Society, Inc.

1.74APS/OSA/IEEE


1.33Royal Society of Chemistry

1.33I S A-INSTRUM SYS AUTOMATION SOC

1.33MRS-Materials Research Soc


Bosch (Robert) GmbH24.72371IEEE



3.8361American Diabetes Association

3.6347Amer Thoracic Soc

2.4234SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers


2.0193American Medical Informatics Association

1.9186Georg Thieme Verlag

1.8175Wichtig Publishing

1.7164Ziff-Davis



1.3123SAGE Publications

1.2116ACS-Am Chem Soc

1.1101Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)

1.1102Assoc Advancement Medical Instrumentation-AAMI

1.098Schattauer GmbH

1.097Am Diabetese Assoc

1.098IET/IEE






Canon Inc21.36414IEEE











1.4420AAAS-Am Assoc Advancement Sci




Dell Technologies Inc


25.43209IEEE






1.3161International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR)

1.0126Network Working Group RFC


Ericsson

33.513186IEEE






1.8704International Telecommunication Union

1.8690European Telecom Standards Institute (ETSI)

1.6648IET/IEE

1.0399IEEE/OSA







Ford Motor Co.36.12179SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers

19.11150IEEE


4.8287IP.Com

2.5149American Automatic Control Council (AACC)



1.593Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc. (JSAE)

1.588ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng


1.167IEEE/RSJ

1.059IET/IEE



Fujitsu Limited

38.510202IEEE






3.7976IEICE-Inst Elec Info Comm Eng


2.4627IET/IEE

2.1553IEEE/OSA

1.9491European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) Society

1.4359ATM Forum Standards Body


1.4380IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys









General Electric Company17.810535US Dept of Energy


13.07656IEEE


6.33746Society of Petroleum Engineers

5.83433General Electric Co.




1.2705Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ltd.



1.0578ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng


Google Inc.

33.114694IEEE







1.7777World Wide Web Consortium


1.5660ACL - Association for Computational Linguistics








Hitachi Ltd25.96241IEEE












1.5357Nikkei Business Publications, Inc.



1.2286IET/IEE





1.1259IBM Corp.




Hon Hai Precision Industry Co. Ltd.(also known as Foxconn]21.24587IEEE







2.6562ISO/IEC















Huawei Technologies Company Ltd.37.886903GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body

25.85926IEEE




1.6369Open Mobile Alliance (Standards Org)




Intel Corporation48.130247IEEE






1.71087IET/IEE





International Business Machines Corp33.253139IEEE






2.64230IP.Com

2.23478IBM Corp.






1.11796Very Large Data Base Endowment Inc. (VLDB Endowment)






LG Electronics Inc.50.0177523GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body

23.08159IEEE

4.31530ISO/IEC/JTC/ANSI



2.3817Audio Eng Soc

2.3819ISO/IEC

1.5528ATSC Std

1.3449ISO-International Standards Organization


Medtronic Inc17.323772RELX Group (Elsevier)

11.716058Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ltd.

7.710566IEEE



2.43266American Association of Neurological Surgeons

2.22989Blackwell Publishing Inc.

2.12911Oxford University Press

1.92560American Physiological Society


1.82495Radiological Society of North America

1.52104Mosby Inc.


1.31803Wolters Kluwer

1.21659International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)

1.11511S. Karger AG


Microsoft Corporation

34.159300IEEE









1.01691Very Large Data Base Endowment Inc. (VLDB Endowment)






Nokia Corp38.520172IEEE





2.51331IET/IEE






1.4752IEEE/OSA





Panasonic Corporation

31.810273IEEE











1.3409IET/IEE

1.3431ISO/IEC




1.1340Japan Society of Applied Physics







Qualcomm Inc43.035946IEEE










1.2995IET/IEE


1.1879ISO/IEC



1.0864Telecomm Industry assoc-TIA



Samsung Electronics Co Ltd32.413636IEEE












1.3541Audio Eng Soc






Samsung SDI Co Ltd21.61624American Institute of Physics





3.6271IEEE




2.0152IEC-International Electrotechnical Commission



1.4103J. Van Voorst

1.182Am Physical Soc

1.075Chemical Society of Japan/Nippon Kagakukai


Seiko Epson Corporation

34.03101IEEE










1.6149IBM Corp.





1.095IET/IEE






Siemens Aktiengesellschaft34.912868IEEE









1.0385Radiological Society of North America

1.0359Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (SMRM)

1.0358Natl Acad Sciences


Sony Corp43.712352IEEE











1.2327IET/IEE




Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co.

36.28351IEEE









1.1253IET/IEE

1.1250MRS-Materials Research Soc






Toshiba Corp39.28967IEEE












1.4314Am Physical Soc

1.3308American Physical Society

1.3299AACS-Advanced Access Content System



1.0235IET/IEE

1.0238Japan Society of Applied Physics


Toyota Motor Corp19.91490RELX Group (Elsevier)

17.01270IEEE



4.2316American Society of Plant Biologists


3.4254SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers



2.4182Natl Acad Sciences




1.6117American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Inc.

1.4108American SocIETy for Microbiology

1.397Oxford Univ Press


1.186National Institutes of Health - NIH




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Appendix B: Top 100 Organizations That Cite IEEE; (1997-2017 Patents by Category)

AI/Artificial Intelligence1 Microsoft Corporation 1635IEEE1635 4486 1281ACM-Assoc Comput Mach36.4 36.4 28.62 International Business Machi 1239IEEE1239 3699 531ACM-Assoc Comput Mach33.5 33.5 14.43 Google Inc. 972IEEE972 2373 337ACM-Assoc Comput Mach41.0 41.0 14.24 Brain Corporation 861IEEE861 2156 383MIT Press39.9 39.9 17.85 HRL Laboratories LLC 574IEEE574 1229 116RELX Group (Elsevier)46.7 46.7 9.46 NUMENTA INC 806Numenta Inc.570 2244 570IEEE25.4 35.9 25.47 Qualcomm Inc 391IEEE391 1039 86MIT Press37.6 37.6 8.38 Apple Inc 264IEEE264 618 136ACM-Assoc Comput Mach42.7 42.7 22.09 Xerox Corp 214IEEE214 698 101ACM-Assoc Comput Mach30.7 30.7 14.5

10 Columbia University 211IEEE211 553 50ACM-Assoc Comput Mach38.2 38.2 9.011 Cortica Ltd 186IEEE186 258 23ACM-Assoc Comput Mach72.1 72.1 8.912 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft 167IEEE167 443 45RELX Group (Elsevier)37.7 37.7 10.213 Fujitsu Limited 153IEEE153 351 79Joint IEEE and ACM43.6 43.6 22.514 Giant Grey Inc (formerly BR 133IEEE133 155 17International Association for Pattern Recognition (IAPR)85.8 85.8 11.015 ICOSYSTEM CORP 125IEEE125 171 10RELX Group (Elsevier)73.1 73.1 5.816 Sony Corp 119IEEE119 271 30ACM-Assoc Comput Mach43.9 43.9 11.117 NEC Corp 98IEEE98 278 28ACM-Assoc Comput Mach35.3 35.3 10.118 General Electric Company 95IEEE95 240 38RELX Group (Elsevier)39.6 39.6 15.819 United States Navy 94IEEE94 179 30RELX Group (Elsevier)52.5 52.5 16.820 AT&T Inc 92IEEE92 280 83ACM-Assoc Comput Mach32.9 32.9 29.621 FireEye Inc 87IEEE87 226 41The USENIX Association38.5 38.5 18.122 Raytheon Co. 87IEEE87 191 19SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering45.5 45.5 9.923 SAS Institute 87IEEE87 284 47RELX Group (Elsevier)30.6 30.6 16.524 eBay Inc 83IEEE83 95 5Joint IEEE and ACM87.4 87.4 5.325 Boeing Co. (The) 82IEEE82 234 42RELX Group (Elsevier)35.0 35.0 17.926 Lockheed Martin Corp. 81IEEE81 116 11RELX Group (Elsevier)69.8 69.8 9.527 Massachusetts Institute of Te 81IEEE81 300 29RELX Group (Elsevier)27.0 27.0 9.728 ALOFT MEDIA LLC 79IEEE79 147 24Institute for Operations Research and the Management Science53.7 53.7 16.329 Amazon.com Inc. 79IEEE79 206 47ACM-Assoc Comput Mach38.3 38.3 22.830 Nuance Communications Inc 79IEEE79 173 24ACM-Assoc Comput Mach45.7 45.7 13.931 Oracle Corporation 79IEEE79 313 74ACM-Assoc Comput Mach25.2 25.2 23.632 HP Inc 76IEEE76 271 62ACM-Assoc Comput Mach28.0 28.0 22.933 Accenture Ltd. 75IEEE75 337 65ACM-Assoc Comput Mach22.3 22.3 19.334 BLANDING HOVENWEEP 75IEEE75 214 41SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering35.0 35.0 19.235 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 74IEEE74 159 20ACM-Assoc Comput Mach46.5 46.5 12.636 Verizon Communications Inc 154ACM-Assoc Comput Mach73 393 73IEEE18.6 39.2 18.637 WORLD ASSETS CONSUL 71IEEE71 142 18ACM-Assoc Comput Mach50.0 50.0 12.738 University of Alabama 70IEEE70 89 9RELX Group (Elsevier)78.7 78.7 10.139 Adobe Systems Inc. 69IEEE69 140 35ACM-Assoc Comput Mach49.3 49.3 25.0

Wednesday, July 04, 2018 B-1Copyright (c) 2018, 1790 Analytics, LLC


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40 EXEGY INC 65IEEE65 137 26ACM-Assoc Comput Mach47.4 47.4 19.041 INDIVIDUAL PATENTER 65IEEE65 143 25ACM-Assoc Comput Mach45.5 45.5 17.542 PRIMAL FUSION INC 64IEEE64 131 23ACM-Assoc Comput Mach48.9 48.9 17.643 Cavium Inc 63IEEE63 106 32ACM-Assoc Comput Mach59.4 59.4 30.244 University of Illinois 61IEEE61 194 23Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad31.4 31.4 11.945 University of Tennessee 61IEEE61 128 18RELX Group (Elsevier)47.7 47.7 14.146 Causam Energy Inc 59IEEE59 66 3RELX Group (Elsevier)89.4 89.4 4.547 Sap SE 59IEEE59 193 40ACM-Assoc Comput Mach30.6 30.6 20.748 Honda Motor Co. Ltd.(Honda 58IEEE58 148 18RELX Group (Elsevier)39.2 39.2 12.249 KNOWMTECH LLC 58American Institute of Physics57 227 57IEEE25.1 25.6 25.150 Zebra Technologies Corp. 57IEEE57 76 12RFID Journal/YGS Group75.0 75.0 15.851 Cisco Systems Inc. 56IEEE56 85 8ACM-Assoc Comput Mach65.9 65.9 9.452 Intel Corporation 55IEEE55 124 16ACM-Assoc Comput Mach44.4 44.4 12.953 ConvergeOne Inc 54IEEE54 123 19ACM-Assoc Comput Mach43.9 43.9 15.454 University of California 134RELX Group (Elsevier)54 880 115Oxford University Press6.1 15.2 13.155 Rethink Robotics Inc 51IEEE51 80 12RELX Group (Elsevier)63.8 63.8 15.056 SOCIETE DE COMMERCIA 51IEEE51 137 22RELX Group (Elsevier)37.2 37.2 16.157 Commissariat A L'Energie At 49IEEE49 63 5RELX Group (Elsevier)77.8 77.8 7.958 United States of America De 48IEEE48 120 15ACL - Association for Computational Linguistics40.0 40.0 12.559 Rockwell Automation Inc 47IEEE47 101 17RELX Group (Elsevier)46.5 46.5 16.860 Cornell University 63RELX Group (Elsevier)46 404 46IEEE11.4 15.6 11.461 Aerospace Corp. 75RELX Group (Elsevier)45 182 45IEEE24.7 41.2 24.762 Nokia Corp 45IEEE45 116 28ACM-Assoc Comput Mach38.8 38.8 24.163 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 43IEEE43 90 5International Speech Communication Association (ISCA)47.8 47.8 5.664 Nevada System of Higher Ed 43IEEE43 73 12RELX Group (Elsevier)58.9 58.9 16.465 California Institute of Techno 42IEEE42 163 16RELX Group (Elsevier)25.8 25.8 9.866 Micron Technology Inc. 42IEEE42 66 4ACL - Association for Computational Linguistics63.6 63.6 6.167 Symantec Corp. 42IEEE42 166 39ACM-Assoc Comput Mach25.3 25.3 23.568 Toyota Motor Corp 42IEEE42 66 6RELX Group (Elsevier)63.6 63.6 9.169 Xperi Corporation (Formerly 41IEEE41 65 4ACM-Assoc Comput Mach63.1 63.1 6.270 PEGASYSTEMS INC 40IEEE40 82 15ACM-Assoc Comput Mach48.8 48.8 18.371 Walt Disney Co. 40IEEE40 61 4RELX Group (Elsevier)65.6 65.6 6.672 Halliburton Co. (Holding) 49Society of Petroleum Engineers37 132 37IEEE28.0 37.1 28.073 IP RESERVOIR LLC 35IEEE35 71 12ACM-Assoc Comput Mach49.3 49.3 16.974 University of Notre Dame Du 35IEEE35 40 2John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss87.5 87.5 5.075 Analog Devices Inc. 34IEEE34 49 4Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation69.4 69.4 8.276 Dell Technologies Inc 34IEEE34 92 21ACM-Assoc Comput Mach37.0 37.0 22.877 Health Discovery Corp 34IEEE34 158 13RELX Group (Elsevier)21.5 21.5 8.278 Avigilon Corp 33IEEE33 36 3International Association for Pattern Recognition (IAPR)91.7 91.7 8.379 Canon Inc 33IEEE33 89 11RELX Group (Elsevier)37.1 37.1 12.480 FTI Consulting Inc 50ACM-Assoc Comput Mach33 153 33IEEE21.6 32.7 21.6



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81 Knowles Corp 33IEEE33 49 4RELX Group (Elsevier)67.3 67.3 8.282 BAE Systems Plc. 31IEEE31 58 5ACM-Assoc Comput Mach53.4 53.4 8.683 Seiko Epson Corporation 31IEEE31 55 4Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation56.4 56.4 7.384 EUCLID DISCOVERIES LL 30IEEE30 64 19RELX Group (Elsevier)46.9 46.9 29.785 Khalifa University of Science 30IEEE30 49 6Computers in Cardiology, Inc.61.2 61.2 12.286 Koninklijke Philips N.V. 30IEEE30 81 14RELX Group (Elsevier)37.0 37.0 17.387 Honeywell International Inc. 33RELX Group (Elsevier)29 92 29IEEE31.5 35.9 31.588 PELMOREX CANADA INC 47IEE/IEEE29 96 29IEEE30.2 49.0 30.289 23ANDME INC 28IEEE28 66 8John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss42.4 42.4 12.190 Arizona State University 28IEEE28 50 4SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering56.0 56.0 8.091 BRAINGATE CO LLC 28IEEE28 72 9RELX Group (Elsevier)38.9 38.9 12.592 Georgia Institute of Technolo 28IEEE28 63 24ACM-Assoc Comput Mach44.4 44.4 38.193 Hitachi Ltd 28IEEE28 48 8Information Processing Society of Japan58.3 58.3 16.794 Battelle Memorial Institute 27IEEE27 59 5Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad45.8 45.8 8.595 BRIAN CORP 27IEEE27 53 9MIT Press50.9 50.9 17.096 Brooks Automation Inc. 27IEEE27 48 8Chapman & Hall56.3 56.3 16.797 Electronics and Telecommuni 27IEEE27 44 4Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad61.4 61.4 9.198 Math Works Inc (The) 27IEEE27 56 6RELX Group (Elsevier)48.2 48.2 10.799 University of Southern Califo 68ACL - Association for Computational Linguist27 160 27IEEE16.9 42.5 16.9

100 MANYWORLDS INC 26IEEE26 27 1Joint IEEE and ACM96.3 96.3 3.7



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Autonomous Vehicles1 Irobot Corp 1301IEEE1301 2061 221SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering63.1 63.1 10.72 ZOOX INC 142IEEE142 198 20SAGE Publications71.7 71.7 10.13 Brain Corporation 94IEEE94 202 19MIT Press46.5 46.5 9.44 Google Inc. 51IEEE51 106 11ACM-Assoc Comput Mach48.1 48.1 10.45 California Institute of Techno 33IEEE33 78 6IOP Publishing42.3 42.3 7.76 SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd 33IEEE33 56 5Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence58.9 58.9 8.97 INTOUCH HEALTH INC 32IEEE32 80 6Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad40.0 40.0 7.58 WAYMO LLC 29IEEE29 42 3Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)69.0 69.0 7.19 Deere & Co. 24IEEE24 44 3AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEER54.5 54.5 6.8

10 NUTONOMY INC 23IEEE23 37 4RELX Group (Elsevier)62.2 62.2 10.811 Oshkosh Corporation 23IEEE23 30 2SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers76.7 76.7 6.712 Digimarc Corp. 21IEEE21 41 6ACM-Assoc Comput Mach51.2 51.2 14.613 NONEND INVENTIONS N 20IEEE20 21 1The International Association for Computers and Communicat95.2 95.2 4.814 SPHERO INC 20IEEE20 21 1American Automatic Control Council (AACC)95.2 95.2 4.815 Battelle Memorial Institute 18IEEE18 24 4IEEE/RSJ75.0 75.0 16.716 Toyota Motor Corp 18IEEE18 27 4Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad66.7 66.7 14.817 Intel Corporation 17IEEE17 25 2JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIV TECHNOLOGY, E68.0 68.0 8.018 International Business Machi 21IP.Com17 106 17IEEE16.0 19.8 16.019 BRIAN CORP 14IEEE14 17 3MIT Press82.4 82.4 17.620 Ford Motor Co. 13IEEE13 27 3IET/IEE48.1 48.1 11.121 ZYTEK COMMUNICATIO 12IEEE12 44 6COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD27.3 27.3 13.622 Amazon.com Inc. 9IEEE9 9 100.0 100.023 PERRONE ROBOTICS INC 8IEEE8 12 2IEEE/RSJ66.7 66.7 16.724 King Fahd University of Petr 7IEEE7 9 1Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad77.8 77.8 11.125 Raytheon Co. 7IEEE7 18 3RELX Group (Elsevier)38.9 38.9 16.726 AUTONOMOUS SOLUTIO 6IEEE6 12 3American Automatic Control Council (AACC)50.0 50.0 25.027 Lockheed Martin Corp. 6IEEE6 6 100.0 100.028 Porsche Automobil Holding 6IEEE6 7 1ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng85.7 85.7 14.329 Commonwealth Scientific an 5IEEE5 9 1IET/IEE55.6 55.6 11.130 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft 5IEEE5 7 1Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad71.4 71.4 14.331 Walmart Stores Inc 5IEEE5 14 1Cambridge University Press35.7 35.7 7.132 Walt Disney Co. 5IEEE5 5 100.0 100.033 Bosch (Robert) GmbH 4IEEE4 7 1SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC57.1 57.1 14.334 Crown Equipment Corporatio 4IEEE4 8 2IEICE-Inst Elec Info Comm Eng50.0 50.0 25.035 FedEx Corp 4IEEE4 4 100.0 100.036 General Motors Corp 4IEEE4 11 2RELX Group (Elsevier)36.4 36.4 18.237 OPTIMAL RANGING INC 4IEEE4 6 2RELX Group (Elsevier)66.7 66.7 33.338 SZ DJ TECHNOLOGY CO L 4IEEE4 7 1SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering57.1 57.1 14.339 Uber Technologies Inc 4IEEE4 6 2RELX Group (Elsevier)66.7 66.7 33.3



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40 Boeing Co. (The) 4AIAA-Am Inst Aero Astro3 15 3IEEE20.0 26.7 20.041 BYTELIGHT INC 3IEEE3 4 1Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad75.0 75.0 25.042 Carnegie Mellon University 3IEEE3 3 100.0 100.043 EPISYS SCIENCE INC 3IEEE3 6 2MIT Press50.0 50.0 33.344 FTS ComputerTechnik 3IEEE3 4 1ACM-Assoc Comput Mach75.0 75.0 25.045 International Electronic Mach 3IEEE3 5 1SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering60.0 60.0 20.046 Lenovo Group Ltd 3IEEE3 5 1ACM-Assoc Comput Mach60.0 60.0 20.047 Omron Corp. 4RELX Group (Elsevier)3 11 3IEEE27.3 36.4 27.348 United States Navy 3IEEE3 9 1RELX Group (Elsevier)33.3 33.3 11.149 XOLLAI INC 3IEEE3 7 2Society of Instrument and Control Engineers42.9 42.9 28.650 Agency for Defense Develop 2IEEE2 4 1SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering50.0 50.0 25.051 Allstate Corp 4ACM-Assoc Comput Mach2 6 2IEEE33.3 66.7 33.352 BAE Systems Plc. 2IEEE2 5 2IEEE/RSJ40.0 40.0 40.053 DRONOMY LTD 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.054 GoPro Inc 2IEEE2 5 1Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad40.0 40.0 20.055 Hon Hai Precision Industry C 2IEEE2 4 2RELX Group (Elsevier)50.0 50.0 50.056 Honda Motor Co. Ltd.(Honda 3RELX Group (Elsevier)2 8 2IEEE25.0 37.5 25.057 Koninklijke Philips N.V. 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.058 Massachusetts Institute of Te 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.059 MASSIVE ANALYTIC LTD 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.060 Microsoft Corporation 2IEEE2 4 1IET/IEE50.0 50.0 25.061 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 2IEEE2 3 1American Automatic Control Council (AACC)66.7 66.7 33.362 National Chiao Tung Univers 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.063 Renault SA 2IEEE2 3 1Cambridge University Press66.7 66.7 33.364 ROBART GMBH 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.065 State Farm Mutual Automobi 2IEEE/RSJ2 10 2InnoVision Communications20.0 20.0 20.066 University of Sydney 2IEEE2 3 1SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering66.7 66.7 33.367 X Development Llc 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.068 ZEROTECH (SHENZHEN) I 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.069 ANKI INC 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.070 ASTER LABS INC 1IEEE1 2 1ION-The Inst of Navigation50.0 50.0 50.071 AZURE SKY GROUP LLC 1AIAA-Am Inst Aero Astro1 2 1IEEE50.0 50.0 50.072 Caterpillar Inc. 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.073 CENTER OF HUMAN-CEN 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.074 CNH Industrial NV 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.075 Continental AG (Germany Fe 2RELX Group (Elsevier)1 3 1IEEE33.3 66.7 33.376 ConvergeOne Inc 1ACM-Assoc Comput Mach1 3 1Joint IEEE and ACM33.3 33.3 33.377 Electronics and Telecommuni 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.078 FLORIDA A & M UNIVERS 1IEEE1 2 1IET/IEE50.0 50.0 50.079 GENGHISCOMM HOLDIN 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.080 GMV AEROSPACE & DEF 2ION-The Inst of Navigation1 4 1Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force25.0 50.0 25.0



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81 Honeywell International Inc. 4ION-The Inst of Navigation1 5 1IEEE20.0 80.0 20.082 Hong Kong University of Sci 1Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (1 5 1Lucent Technologies20.0 20.0 20.083 L-3 Communications Holdin 1NASA-National Aeronautics and Space Admi1 2 1IEEE50.0 50.0 50.084 Lely Group 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.085 Murata Machinery Ltd. 1American Automatic Control Council (AACC1 5 1RELX Group (Elsevier)20.0 20.0 20.086 Northrop Grumman Corp 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.087 Panasonic Corporation 1Am Physical Soc1 2 1IEEE50.0 50.0 50.088 PROXY TECHNOLOGIES I 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.089 Saab AB 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.090 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.091 Sony Corp 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.092 UNMANNED INNOVATIO 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.093 XCRAFT ENTERPRISES LL 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.0



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Broadcasting1 Microsoft Corporation 8625IEEE8625 18104 2151ACM-Assoc Comput Mach47.6 47.6 11.92 Personalized Media Commun 14093Society of Motion Picture and Television Engi7673 47847 7673IEEE16.0 29.5 16.03 Qualcomm Inc 5691International Telecommunication Union3929 15322 3929IEEE25.6 37.1 25.64 Xperi Corporation (Formerly 3299IEEE3299 5924 599SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering55.7 55.7 10.15 Sony Corp 3200IEEE3200 6797 562ACM-Assoc Comput Mach47.1 47.1 8.36 Google Inc. 3012IEEE3012 8325 1108ACM-Assoc Comput Mach36.2 36.2 13.37 Pelican Imaging Corporation 2428IEEE2428 5027 804SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering48.3 48.3 16.08 Apple Inc 2154IEEE2154 5303 495ACM-Assoc Comput Mach40.6 40.6 9.39 TiVo Corp 2048IEEE2048 7714 583ACM-Assoc Comput Mach26.5 26.5 7.6

10 Technicolor SA 1866IEEE1866 4055 357ISO/IEC46.0 46.0 8.811 Broadcom Ltd 1808IEEE1808 2827 167ACM-Assoc Comput Mach64.0 64.0 5.912 Magna International Inc. 1784IEEE1784 3065 225SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers58.2 58.2 7.313 Cisco Systems Inc. 1677IEEE1677 4136 305Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force40.5 40.5 7.414 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 1668IEEE1668 4522 1003International Telecommunication Union36.9 36.9 22.215 LG Electronics Inc. 1582IEEE1582 6061 1182ISO/IEC/JTC/ANSI26.1 26.1 19.516 Panasonic Corporation 1512IEEE1512 4826 1227International Telecommunication Union31.3 31.3 25.417 Hon Hai Precision Industry C 1248IEEE1248 3454 523International Telecommunication Union36.1 36.1 15.118 Dolby Laboratories Inc 1145IEEE1145 3554 743International Telecommunication Union32.2 32.2 20.919 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft 1123IEEE1123 2326 233MPEG.org48.3 48.3 10.020 Adobe Systems Inc. 1087IEEE1087 2283 485ACM-Assoc Comput Mach47.6 47.6 21.221 Nokia Corp 988IEEE988 2356 204International Telecommunication Union41.9 41.9 8.722 AT&T Inc 891IEEE891 2317 207ACM-Assoc Comput Mach38.5 38.5 8.923 Intel Corporation 875IEEE875 2015 3903GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body43.4 43.4 19.424 Massachusetts Institute of Te 857IEEE857 1393 140ACM-Assoc Comput Mach61.5 61.5 10.125 Canon Inc 838IEEE838 2111 161International Telecommunication Union39.7 39.7 7.626 International Business Machi 823IEEE823 2154 314ACM-Assoc Comput Mach38.2 38.2 14.627 DIRECTV Group Inc. (The) 753IEEE753 1437 161Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni52.4 52.4 11.228 HP Inc 701IEEE701 1490 174ACM-Assoc Comput Mach47.0 47.0 11.729 STMicroelectronics 691IEEE691 1036 52RELX Group (Elsevier)66.7 66.7 5.030 InterDigital Inc 678IEEE678 1356 4123GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body50.0 50.0 30.431 California Institute of Techno 669IEEE669 1155 110SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering57.9 57.9 9.532 Ricoh Co. Ltd. 579IEEE579 1224 157ACM-Assoc Comput Mach47.3 47.3 12.833 NETWORK-1 TECHNOLO 506IEEE506 1289 337ACM-Assoc Comput Mach39.3 39.3 26.134 Xerox Corp 504IEEE504 1237 187SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering40.7 40.7 15.135 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 477IEEE477 1069 99ACM-Assoc Comput Mach44.6 44.6 9.336 Huawei Technologies Compa 556International Telecommunication Union469 1627 469IEEE28.8 34.2 28.837 INTOUCH HEALTH INC 468IEEE468 970 52Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad48.2 48.2 5.438 Koninklijke Philips N.V. 466IEEE466 971 90SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering48.0 48.0 9.339 ARRIS Group Inc 461IEEE461 1045 52International Telecommunication Union44.1 44.1 5.0



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100 D-Wave Systems Inc. 8American Physical Society5 29 5American Institute of Physics17.2 27.6 17.2



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100 Commissariat A L'Energie At 138RELX Group (Elsevier)69 400 69IEEE17.3 34.5 17.3



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81 Viavi Solutions Inc 374American Institute of Physics347 1077 347IEEE32.2 34.7 32.282 United States Navy 524American Institute of Physics337 1855 337IEEE18.2 28.2 18.283 General Electric Company 330IEEE330 1329 230American Institute of Physics24.8 24.8 17.384 Silicon Genesis Corporation 330IEEE330 1611 328RELX Group (Elsevier)20.5 20.5 20.485 Soitec SA 486American Institute of Physics330 1768 330IEEE18.7 27.5 18.786 Columbia University 1522American Institute of Physics325 4085 436MRS-Materials Research Soc8.0 37.3 10.787 United Microelectronics Corp 325IEEE325 676 82IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys48.1 48.1 12.188 Vishay Intertechnology Inc. 323IEEE323 486 24RELX Group (Elsevier)66.5 66.5 4.989 Bosch (Robert) GmbH 316IEEE316 536 93RELX Group (Elsevier)59.0 59.0 17.490 HP Inc 470American Institute of Physics312 1961 312IEEE15.9 24.0 15.991 Honeywell International Inc. 424ACS-Am Chem Soc307 2004 307IEEE15.3 21.2 15.392 University of Michigan 321American Institute of Physics301 1468 301IEEE20.5 21.9 20.593 Total SA 299IEEE299 493 53WIP-Renewable Energies60.6 60.6 10.894 Fuji Electric Holdings Co. Lt 297IEEE297 540 62American Institute of Physics55.0 55.0 11.595 TDK Corporation 295IEEE295 1141 291American Institute of Physics25.9 25.9 25.596 Xilinx Inc. 287IEEE287 414 25IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys69.3 69.3 6.097 ZENA TECHNOLOGIES IN 287IEEE287 1105 233American Institute of Physics26.0 26.0 21.198 Raytheon Co. 283IEEE283 1091 189American Institute of Physics25.9 25.9 17.399 Emcore Corp. 281IEEE281 562 83American Institute of Physics50.0 50.0 14.8

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Smart Grid/Smart Meters/Energy Infrastructure1 Velatia Group 839IEEE839 1125 81Echelon Corp74.6 74.6 7.22 Honeywell International Inc. 234IEEE234 279 10Joint IEEE and ACM83.9 83.9 3.63 TRILLIANT NETWORKS I 218IEEE218 320 18Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force68.1 68.1 5.64 SIPCO LLC 155IEEE155 269 27Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force57.6 57.6 10.05 SolarEdge Technologies Inc 152IEEE152 175 13WIP-Renewable Energies86.9 86.9 7.46 ABB Ltd 109IEEE109 133 6IET/IEE82.0 82.0 4.57 General Electric Company 80IEEE80 123 11IET/IEE65.0 65.0 8.98 Alstom 69IEEE69 83 9IET/IEE83.1 83.1 10.89 Battelle Memorial Institute 56IEEE56 82 6ACM-Assoc Comput Mach68.3 68.3 7.3

10 SOLAREEDGE TECHNOLO 55IEEE55 68 7WIP-Renewable Energies80.9 80.9 10.311 Qualcomm Inc 46IEEE46 69 53GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body66.7 66.7 7.212 International Business Machi 37IEEE37 61 5IP.Com60.7 60.7 8.213 3M Co 36IEEE36 44 3AIAA-Am Inst Aero Astro81.8 81.8 6.814 ASTROLINK INTERNATIO 36IEEE36 42 4IET/IEE85.7 85.7 9.515 DOMINION ENERGY TEC 36IEEE36 42 4IET/IEE85.7 85.7 9.516 Itron Inc. 35IEEE35 62 8Joint IEEE and ACM56.5 56.5 12.917 Witricity Corp 32IEEE32 36 3American Institute of Physics88.9 88.9 8.318 Microsoft Corporation 31IEEE31 63 11ACM-Assoc Comput Mach49.2 49.2 17.519 Georgia Institute of Technolo 47ACM-Assoc Comput Mach28 83 28IEEE33.7 56.6 33.720 Texas A&M University 28IEEE28 35 3IET/IEE80.0 80.0 8.621 Total SA 28IEEE28 32 4EPE Association87.5 87.5 12.522 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft 27IEEE27 51 11United Business Media/UBM Tech52.9 52.9 21.623 AMPT LLC 26IEEE26 28 2IET/IEE92.9 92.9 7.124 ENERGY TECHNOLOGY G 26IEEE26 30 2RELX Group (Elsevier)86.7 86.7 6.725 Taiwan Semiconductor Manu 21IEEE21 39 15Elecrostatic Discharge Association53.8 53.8 38.526 SPARQ SYSTEMS INC 20IEEE20 25 3RELX Group (Elsevier)80.0 80.0 12.027 TEMPORAL POWER LTD 20IEEE20 20 100.0 100.028 ConvergeOne Inc 19IEEE19 21 1Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force90.5 90.5 4.829 Schneider Electric S.A. 27ANSI-American National Standards Institute19 102 19IEEE18.6 26.5 18.630 Commscope Inc. 18IEEE18 18 100.0 100.031 Rockwell Automation Inc 18IEEE18 25 3IET/IEE72.0 72.0 12.032 New Jersey Institute of Techn 17IEEE17 17 100.0 100.033 Massachusetts Institute of Te 16IEEE16 22 4AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC72.7 72.7 18.234 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 15IEEE15 16 1Hindawi Publishing Corporation93.8 93.8 6.335 Sony Corp 24SID-Society for Information Display13 44 13IEEE29.5 54.5 29.536 AT&T Inc 12IEEE12 14 1John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss85.7 85.7 7.137 Johnson Controls Internation 12IEEE12 13 1American Automatic Control Council (AACC)92.3 92.3 7.738 Schweitzer Engineering Labo 12IEEE12 12 100.0 100.039 Panasonic Corporation 11IEEE11 14 2IEICE-Inst Elec Info Comm Eng78.6 78.6 14.3



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81 State University of New York 5IEEE5 6 1RELX Group (Elsevier)83.3 83.3 16.782 University of Alberta 5IEEE5 8 1RELX Group (Elsevier)62.5 62.5 12.583 University of Connecticut 5IEEE5 5 100.0 100.084 Digimarc Corp. 4IEEE4 4 100.0 100.085 Hello Inc 4IEEE4 4 100.0 100.086 HUDSON BAY WIRELESS 4IEEE4 5 1Condé Nast80.0 80.0 20.087 LUMIRADX UK LTD 4IEEE4 5 1Bluetooth Special Interest Group80.0 80.0 20.088 National Instruments Corp. 4IEEE4 6 2RELX Group (Elsevier)66.7 66.7 33.389 Northeastern University (Bost 4IEEE4 8 2International Network for Scientific Information Publication (I50.0 50.0 25.090 TX RX SYSTEMS INC 4IEEE4 4 100.0 100.091 ACEX TECHNOLOGIES IN 3IEEE3 4 1Penton Media, Inc.75.0 75.0 25.092 American Superconductor Co 5RELX Group (Elsevier)3 8 3IEEE37.5 62.5 37.593 ASOKA USA CORP 3IEEE3 4 1National Association of Industrial Technology75.0 75.0 25.094 BAE Systems Plc. 3IEEE3 3 100.0 100.095 Bayer AG 3IEEE3 4 1International Telecommunication Union75.0 75.0 25.096 Bosch (Robert) GmbH 3IEEE3 3 100.0 100.097 Digi International Inc 3IEEE3 3 100.0 100.098 DSP Group Inc 3IEEE3 3 100.0 100.099 Electric Power Research Insti 6Electric Power Research Institute3 9 3IEEE33.3 66.7 33.3

100 Electro Industries Gauge Tec 5ACM-Assoc Comput Mach3 12 3IEEE25.0 41.7 25.0



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Solar/Photovoltaic1 SolarEdge Technologies Inc 992IEEE992 1174 105WIP-Renewable Energies84.5 84.5 8.92 Total SA 544IEEE544 770 60WIP-Renewable Energies70.6 70.6 7.83 Emcore Corp. 246IEEE246 478 76US Dept of Energy51.5 51.5 15.94 Tigo Energy Inc 243IEEE243 343 75WIP-Renewable Energies70.8 70.8 21.95 University of Illinois 516American Institute of Physics237 2559 457ACS-Am Chem Soc9.3 20.2 17.96 Sanan Optoelectronics Techn 245US Dept of Energy209 555 209IEEE37.7 44.1 37.77 Taiwan Semiconductor Manu 333American Institute of Physics189 821 189IEEE23.0 40.6 23.08 SolAero Technologies Corp 188IEEE188 337 61American Institute of Physics55.8 55.8 18.19 International Business Machi 180IEEE180 721 155American Institute of Physics25.0 25.0 21.5

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Telecom and Other Communications1 Qualcomm Inc 24433IEEE24433 58614 140903GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body41.7 41.7 24.02 Broadcom Ltd 17028IEEE17028 26001 1161International Telecommunication Union65.5 65.5 4.53 Marvell Technology Group Lt 16907IEEE16907 21544 30013GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body78.5 78.5 13.94 Microsoft Corporation 14034IEEE14034 31248 4589ACM-Assoc Comput Mach44.9 44.9 14.75 Nokia Corp 12200IEEE12200 30700 72273GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body39.7 39.7 23.56 AT&T Inc 10877IEEE10877 22399 1350ACM-Assoc Comput Mach48.6 48.6 6.07 InterDigital Inc 248933GPP General Partnership Project Standards 10497 40131 10497IEEE26.2 62.0 26.28 Ericsson 114533GPP General Partnership Project Standards 10300 31376 10300IEEE32.8 36.5 32.89 Intel Corporation 10101IEEE10101 19981 42983GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body50.6 50.6 21.5

10 ParkerVision Inc 9929IEEE9929 19551 4586IET/IEE50.8 50.8 23.511 Personalized Media Commun 12048Society of Motion Picture and Television Engi6764 40751 6764IEEE16.6 29.6 16.612 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 6742IEEE6742 16124 50863GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body41.8 41.8 31.513 Cisco Systems Inc. 6736IEEE6736 22714 4038Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force29.7 29.7 17.814 LG Electronics Inc. 172563GPP General Partnership Project Standards 6249 29754 6249IEEE21.0 58.0 21.015 International Business Machi 6242IEEE6242 15141 2142ACM-Assoc Comput Mach41.2 41.2 14.116 Sony Corp 5535IEEE5535 11380 11413GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body48.6 48.6 10.017 Apple Inc 5484IEEE5484 11570 921ACM-Assoc Comput Mach47.4 47.4 8.018 Panasonic Corporation 5370IEEE5370 15051 40943GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body35.7 35.7 27.219 Fractus SA 4721IEEE4721 8100 1182IET/IEE58.3 58.3 14.620 Massachusetts Institute of Te 4679IEEE4679 8040 387Optical Society of America58.2 58.2 4.821 Huawei Technologies Compa 81733GPP General Partnership Project Standards 4640 19067 4640IEEE24.3 42.9 24.322 Fujitsu Limited 4375IEEE4375 11640 23633GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body37.6 37.6 20.323 Adaptix 4353IEEE4353 6322 683European Telecom Standards Institute (ETSI)68.9 68.9 10.824 Blackberry Ltd. 75973GPP General Partnership Project Standards 3902 15846 3902IEEE24.6 47.9 24.625 Texas Instruments Inc 3843IEEE3843 5725 4683GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body67.1 67.1 8.226 Nippon Telegraph & Telepho 3800IEEE3800 11285 36773GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body33.7 33.7 32.627 RPX Corp 3647IEEE3647 8520 840IEEE/OSA42.8 42.8 9.928 Google Inc. 3614IEEE3614 10097 1085ACM-Assoc Comput Mach35.8 35.8 10.729 NEC Corp 3282IEEE3282 9522 30803GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body34.5 34.5 32.330 Commscope Inc. 3144IEEE3144 4842 4253GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body64.9 64.9 8.831 Rambus Inc. 3136IEEE3136 4416 196International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR)71.0 71.0 4.432 University of Minnesota (The 3113IEEE3113 3440 47John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss90.5 90.5 1.433 Conversant Intellectual Prope 2943IEEE2943 5480 216Primedia Business Magazines & Media Inc.53.7 53.7 3.934 Electronics and Telecommuni 2896IEEE2896 4850 5763GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body59.7 59.7 11.935 Raytheon Co. 2882IEEE2882 4816 206IET/IEE59.8 59.8 4.336 Motorola Solutions Inc. 2858IEEE2858 4852 3423GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body58.9 58.9 7.037 Murata Manufacturing Co. Lt 2737IEEE2737 3612 103John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss75.8 75.8 2.938 Verizon Communications Inc 2618IEEE2618 6970 1224Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force37.6 37.6 17.639 REARDEN LLC 2592IEEE2592 2928 99IET/IEE88.5 88.5 3.4



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81 LibertyMedia 1252IEEE1252 2093 1443GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body59.8 59.8 6.982 Canon Inc 1205IEEE1205 2882 164International Telecommunication Union41.8 41.8 5.783 Xilinx Inc. 1180IEEE1180 1550 77Joint IEEE and ACM76.1 76.1 5.084 Deutsche Telekom AG 1175IEEE1175 2158 1433GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body54.4 54.4 6.685 Kyocera Corp. 1088IEEE1088 2176 7363GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body50.0 50.0 33.886 MagnaCom Ltd 1072IEEE1072 1133 61AMER TELEPHONE TELEGRAPH CO, 550 MADISON AV94.6 94.6 5.487 MONOLITHIC 3D INC 1072IEEE1072 1906 204IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys56.2 56.2 10.788 Xerox Corp 1068IEEE1068 2598 675ACM-Assoc Comput Mach41.1 41.1 26.089 Dolby Laboratories Inc 1062IEEE1062 3295 752International Telecommunication Union32.2 32.2 22.890 Wisteria Trading Inc 1061IEEE1061 2135 249SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering49.7 49.7 11.791 Lockheed Martin Corp. 1042IEEE1042 2721 232Optical Society of America38.3 38.3 8.592 Lenovo Group Ltd 17943GPP General Partnership Project Standards 980 3300 980IEEE29.7 54.4 29.793 BT Group PLC 976IEEE976 1998 173Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force48.8 48.8 8.794 Boeing Co. (The) 971IEEE971 1950 79SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering49.8 49.8 4.195 Microsemi Corp 877IEEE877 1410 95International Telecommunication Union62.2 62.2 6.796 United States Navy 875IEEE875 1670 95American Institute of Physics52.4 52.4 5.797 BAE Systems Plc. 869IEEE869 1138 36SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering76.4 76.4 3.298 Orange 867IEEE867 1612 102Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force53.8 53.8 6.399 Velatia Group 854IEEE854 1131 80Echelon Corp75.5 75.5 7.1

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Wind Energy1 Vestas Wind Systems A/S 392IEEE392 814 98AWEA-American Wind Energy Association48.2 48.2 12.02 General Electric Company 128IEEE128 422 116US Dept of Energy30.3 30.3 27.53 ABB Ltd 127IEEE127 228 18EWEA-European Wind Energy Association55.7 55.7 7.94 SolarEdge Technologies Inc 61IEEE61 76 7WIP-Renewable Energies80.3 80.3 9.25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft 59IEEE59 98 8RELX Group (Elsevier)60.2 60.2 8.26 Ingeteam Corporation SA 41IEEE41 66 6EWEA-European Wind Energy Association62.1 62.1 9.17 University of Alabama 29IEEE29 36 6IET/IEE80.6 80.6 16.78 Arizona State University 28IEEE28 31 2AMER TELEPHONE TELEGRAPH CO, 550 MADISON AV90.3 90.3 6.59 University of New Brunswick 25IEEE25 27 1IET/IEE92.6 92.6 3.7

10 National Cheng Kung Univer 18IEEE18 19 1IET/IEE94.7 94.7 5.311 UWM Research Foundation 17IEEE17 19 1IET/IEE89.5 89.5 5.312 Senvion SE 15IEEE15 42 6AIAA-Am Inst Aero Astro35.7 35.7 14.313 TechnipFMC 13IEEE13 17 1ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng76.5 76.5 5.914 Fujitsu Limited 12IEEE12 13 1RELX Group (Elsevier)92.3 92.3 7.715 Nordex SE 12IEEE12 19 4John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss63.2 63.2 21.116 NRG SYSTEMS INC 12IEEE12 22 4RELX Group (Elsevier)54.5 54.5 18.217 UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB 12IEEE12 13 1EWEA-European Wind Energy Association92.3 92.3 7.718 Enercon GmbH 11IEEE11 13 2RELX Group (Elsevier)84.6 84.6 15.419 SPARQ SYSTEMS INC 11IEEE11 13 2IET/IEE84.6 84.6 15.420 Woodward Inc 10IEEE10 10 100.0 100.021 Kite Gen Research Srl 9IEEE9 19 7RELX Group (Elsevier)47.4 47.4 36.822 ZOND ENERGY SYSTEMS 9IEEE9 11 1RELX Group (Elsevier)81.8 81.8 9.123 GENEDICS CLEAN ENERG 49RELX Group (Elsevier)7 63 7IEEE11.1 77.8 11.124 Oregon State University 7IEEE7 7 100.0 100.025 Tigo Energy Inc 7IEEE7 7 100.0 100.026 GENEDICS LLC 35RELX Group (Elsevier)6 47 6AAAS-Am Assoc Advancement Sci12.8 74.5 12.827 INDIVIDUAL PATENTER 6IEEE6 23 6ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng26.1 26.1 26.128 Medtronic Inc 6IEEE6 8 1AMA-Am Medical Assoc75.0 75.0 12.529 GREEN ENERGY CORP 5IEEE5 5 100.0 100.030 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 25John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss5 53 13ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng9.4 47.2 24.531 NEC Corp 5IEEE5 5 100.0 100.032 RHEINISCH-WESTFALISC 5IEEE5 5 100.0 100.033 University of Western Ontari 5IEEE5 5 100.0 100.034 Alstom 4IEEE4 6 2A B B Corporate Management Services AG66.7 66.7 33.335 Hitachi Ltd 4IEEE4 7 3Hitachi Ltd.57.1 57.1 42.936 HYPER TECH RESEARCH 4IEEE4 4 100.0 100.037 KK WIND SOLUTIONS A/S 4IEEE4 4 100.0 100.038 NORTHERN POWER SYST 4IEEE4 5 1PennWell Publishing Co.80.0 80.0 20.039 UNIVERSIDAD PUBLICA 4IEEE4 5 1Instrument Society of America80.0 80.0 20.0



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81 JST LLC 1IEEE1 2 1Konggansa50.0 50.0 50.082 Khalifa University of Science 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.083 KITENERGY S R L 1IEEE1 2 1American Automatic Control Council (AACC)50.0 50.0 50.084 LSIS Co Ltd (Formerly LS In 1IEEE1 2 1EPE Association50.0 50.0 50.085 MAGNOMATICS LTD 1IET/IEE1 2 1IEEE50.0 50.0 50.086 Mitsuba Corp. 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.087 Ogin Inc (Formerly FloDesig 11AIAA-Am Inst Aero Astro1 20 8John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss5.0 55.0 40.088 OXFORD BROOKES UNIV 1IEEE1 2 1RELX Group (Elsevier)50.0 50.0 50.089 POWEROASIS LTD 1IEEE1 2 1RELX Group (Elsevier)50.0 50.0 50.090 PV SOLUTIONS LLC 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.091 QFE 002 LLC 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.092 SATCON TECHNOLOGY C 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.093 Schneider Electric S.A. 1IEEE1 2 1IET/IEE50.0 50.0 50.094 TECHNOLOGY SERVICE C 1IEEE1 2 1IOP Publishing50.0 50.0 50.095 TECNOTURBINES S L 1RELX Group (Elsevier)1 3 1PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD33.3 33.3 33.396 Toshiba Corp 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.097 WEG ELECTRIC CORP 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.098 WESTERN MICHIGAN UNI 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.099 Wilic Sarl 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.0

100 ZF Friedrichshafen AG (Ger 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.0



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Appendix C: Top Organizations from All Categories Combined

1 Microsoft Corporation 55685IEEE55685 164010 45323ACM-Assoc Comput Mach34.0 34.0 27.62 International Business Machin 51224IEEE51224 150766 26998ACM-Assoc Comput Mach34.0 34.0 17.93 Micron Technology Inc. 42368IEEE42368 128059 20891RELX Group (Elsevier)33.1 33.1 16.34 Qualcomm Inc 34729IEEE34729 81589 148533GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body42.6 42.6 18.25 Intel Corporation 28587IEEE28587 58496 45233GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body48.9 48.9 7.76 Broadcom Ltd 28273IEEE28273 46941 1263ACM-Assoc Comput Mach60.2 60.2 2.77 Apple Inc 24585IEEE24585 63239 13625ACM-Assoc Comput Mach38.9 38.9 21.58 Nokia Corp 19373IEEE19373 50381 79153GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body38.5 38.5 15.79 Marvell Technology Group Lt 19334IEEE19334 24674 30533GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body78.4 78.4 12.4

10 AT&T Inc 14715IEEE14715 32391 2903ACM-Assoc Comput Mach45.4 45.4 9.011 Google Inc. 14419IEEE14419 43659 10006ACM-Assoc Comput Mach33.0 33.0 22.912 Semiconductor Energy Labora 50528SID-Society for Information Display14371 159717 26859American Institute of Physics9.0 31.6 16.813 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 12885IEEE12885 37065 52083GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body34.8 34.8 14.114 Ericsson 12583IEEE12583 38414 122253GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body32.8 32.8 31.815 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft 11885IEEE11885 28612 2258RELX Group (Elsevier)41.5 41.5 7.916 Texas Instruments Inc 11870IEEE11870 19085 793American Institute of Physics62.2 62.2 4.217 Sony Corp 11699IEEE11699 26188 2235ACM-Assoc Comput Mach44.7 44.7 8.518 Oracle Corporation 12776ACM-Assoc Comput Mach11658 41879 11658IEEE27.8 30.5 27.819 ParkerVision Inc 11381IEEE11381 22489 5318IET/IEE50.6 50.6 23.620 InterDigital Inc 257513GPP General Partnership Project Standards Bo11224 42231 11224IEEE26.6 61.0 26.621 Western Digital Corp. 11027IEEE11027 21339 2171American Institute of Physics51.7 51.7 10.222 Massachusetts Institute of Tec 10778IEEE10778 43802 5502RELX Group (Elsevier)24.6 24.6 12.623 Medtronic Inc 21639RELX Group (Elsevier)10094 125906 15474Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ltd.8.0 17.2 12.324 Panasonic Corporation 10057IEEE10057 30594 41903GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body32.9 32.9 13.725 Cisco Systems Inc. 10017IEEE10017 34153 6144Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force29.3 29.3 18.026 Fujitsu Limited 9775IEEE9775 25338 24403GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body38.6 38.6 9.627 MONOLITHIC 3D INC 9012IEEE9012 16043 1702IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys56.2 56.2 10.628 Personalized Media Communi 16312Society of Motion Picture and Television Engin8952 55578 8952IEEE16.1 29.3 16.129 HP Inc 8712IEEE8712 27885 4096ACM-Assoc Comput Mach31.2 31.2 14.730 Toshiba Corp 8501IEEE8501 21009 1580American Institute of Physics40.5 40.5 7.531 LG Electronics Inc. 180273GPP General Partnership Project Standards Bo8180 35366 8180IEEE23.1 51.0 23.132 Taiwan Semiconductor Manuf 8105IEEE8105 22654 6499American Institute of Physics35.8 35.8 28.733 NEC Corp 7919IEEE7919 21331 31443GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body37.1 37.1 14.734 STMicroelectronics 7346IEEE7346 12185 867RELX Group (Elsevier)60.3 60.3 7.135 Macronix International Co. Lt 7208IEEE7208 13289 2481IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys54.2 54.2 18.736 NXP Semiconductors NV 7112IEEE7112 11878 893American Institute of Physics59.9 59.9 7.537 Rambus Inc. 6999IEEE6999 10614 482IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys65.9 65.9 4.538 Xperi Corporation (Formerly 6986IEEE6986 13449 872SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering51.9 51.9 6.539 Koninklijke Philips N.V. 6856IEEE6856 25799 2668RELX Group (Elsevier)26.6 26.6 10.340 Honeywell International Inc. 6564IEEE6564 16713 1651RELX Group (Elsevier)39.3 39.3 9.9

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41 General Electric Company 6524IEEE6524 29862 3568RELX Group (Elsevier)21.8 21.8 11.942 Partners HealthCare Systems I 29057Optical Society of America6271 89516 12908RELX Group (Elsevier)7.0 32.5 14.443 Motorola Solutions Inc. 6136IEEE6136 12179 1057American Institute of Physics50.4 50.4 8.744 Blackberry Ltd. 79483GPP General Partnership Project Standards Bo6065 21677 6065IEEE28.0 36.7 28.045 Conversant Intellectual Proper 6054IEEE6054 9540 250IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys63.5 63.5 2.646 Cadence Design Systems Inc 6025IEEE6025 13906 4411Joint IEEE and ACM43.3 43.3 31.747 Huawei Technologies Compan 86793GPP General Partnership Project Standards Bo5850 22843 5850IEEE25.6 38.0 25.648 Irobot Corp 5839IEEE5839 10277 1518SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering56.8 56.8 14.849 Xerox Corp 5815IEEE5815 20587 3555ACM-Assoc Comput Mach28.2 28.2 17.350 Hitachi Ltd 5778IEEE5778 19966 1453ACM-Assoc Comput Mach28.9 28.9 7.351 Tela Innovations inc 6435SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering5772 18540 5772IEEE31.1 34.7 31.152 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 5668IEEE5668 12146 834ACM-Assoc Comput Mach46.7 46.7 6.953 Infineon Technologies AG 5574IEEE5574 9875 835American Institute of Physics56.4 56.4 8.554 University of California 6503RELX Group (Elsevier)5510 47032 5510IEEE11.7 13.8 11.755 Canon Inc 5438IEEE5438 20141 2037American Institute of Physics27.0 27.0 10.156 Murata Manufacturing Co. Lt 5422IEEE5422 7343 209John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss73.8 73.8 2.857 Ricoh Co. Ltd. 5229IEEE5229 11714 1779ACM-Assoc Comput Mach44.6 44.6 15.258 Raytheon Co. 5227IEEE5227 11168 602SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering46.8 46.8 5.459 Synopsys Inc. 5184IEEE5184 15075 3162SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering34.4 34.4 21.060 Advanced Micro Devices Inc 4980IEEE4980 11066 839Joint IEEE and ACM45.0 45.0 7.661 Nippon Telegraph & Telephon 4960IEEE4960 15229 38093GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body32.6 32.6 25.062 Verizon Communications Inc 4837IEEE4837 17604 2833ACM-Assoc Comput Mach27.5 27.5 16.163 RPX Corp 4777IEEE4777 11644 914Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force41.0 41.0 7.864 Fractus SA 4770IEEE4770 8163 1183IET/IEE58.4 58.4 14.565 Innovative Network Corporati 4704IEEE4704 7825 476IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys60.1 60.1 6.166 Columbia University 4688IEEE4688 16831 1727American Institute of Physics27.9 27.9 10.367 Cypress Semiconductor Corp. 4666IEEE4666 6893 462Joint IEEE and ACM67.7 67.7 6.768 Immersion Corp. 4640IEEE4640 12136 1326ACM-Assoc Comput Mach38.2 38.2 10.969 Adaptix 4605IEEE4605 6695 730European Telecom Standards Institute (ETSI)68.8 68.8 10.970 California Institute of Technol 4527IEEE4527 26978 4035RELX Group (Elsevier)16.8 16.8 15.071 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co 4381IEEE4381 20426 36293GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body21.4 21.4 17.872 Digimarc Corp. 4376IEEE4376 11009 1335SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering39.7 39.7 12.173 Electronics and Telecommunic 4317IEEE4317 8455 6013GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body51.1 51.1 7.174 Boston Scientific Corp. 19661RELX Group (Elsevier)4289 69840 7178John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss6.1 28.2 10.375 Applied Materials Inc. 4256IEEE4256 17531 3383American Institute of Physics24.3 24.3 19.376 HRL Laboratories LLC 4225IEEE4225 8603 536RELX Group (Elsevier)49.1 49.1 6.277 Abbott Laboratories 23314RELX Group (Elsevier)4139 98004 12319ACS-Am Chem Soc4.2 23.8 12.678 Adobe Systems Inc. 4108IEEE4108 10796 3567ACM-Assoc Comput Mach38.1 38.1 33.079 Cree Inc. 4091IEEE4091 11351 2554American Institute of Physics36.0 36.0 22.580 University of Minnesota (The 4088IEEE4088 8436 851RELX Group (Elsevier)48.5 48.5 10.1



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81 Intuitive Surgical Inc. 4076IEEE4076 8286 531SAGES-Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Su49.2 49.2 6.482 Dexcom Inc 16898RELX Group (Elsevier)4043 66148 6922American Diabetes Association6.1 25.5 10.583 Industrial Techology Research 3985IEEE3985 7788 653RELX Group (Elsevier)51.2 51.2 8.484 Xilinx Inc. 3880IEEE3880 5609 571Joint IEEE and ACM69.2 69.2 10.285 University of Illinois 6123American Institute of Physics3783 33796 4750ACS-Am Chem Soc11.2 18.1 14.186 Technicolor SA 3744IEEE3744 7454 385ISO/IEC50.2 50.2 5.287 Analog Devices Inc. 3648IEEE3648 5516 444Reed Business66.1 66.1 8.088 On Semiconductor Corporatio 3406IEEE3406 4657 269RELX Group (Elsevier)73.1 73.1 5.889 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc 7296RELX Group (Elsevier)3386 24803 3386IEEE13.7 29.4 13.790 Lockheed Martin Corp. 3323IEEE3323 16774 2217RELX Group (Elsevier)19.8 19.8 13.291 Commscope Inc. 3322IEEE3322 5543 4743GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body59.9 59.9 8.692 Dolby Laboratories Inc 3254IEEE3254 7501 773International Telecommunication Union43.4 43.4 10.393 Sap SE 4956ACM-Assoc Comput Mach3247 14298 3247IEEE22.7 34.7 22.794 Cirrus Logic Inc. 3246IEEE3246 4009 101Audio Eng Soc81.0 81.0 2.595 The Invention Science Fund 1 3244IEEE3244 20846 2103RELX Group (Elsevier)15.6 15.6 10.196 Softbank Corp 3180IEEE3180 9642 1893International Telecommunication Union33.0 33.0 19.697 Dell Technologies Inc 4475ACM-Assoc Comput Mach3094 12353 3094IEEE25.0 36.2 25.098 Witricity Corp 3078IEEE3078 5441 481American Institute of Physics56.6 56.6 8.899 Boeing Co. (The) 3002IEEE3002 9786 1011RELX Group (Elsevier)30.7 30.7 10.3

100 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft 3001IEEE3001 6550 452RELX Group (Elsevier)45.8 45.8 6.9101 Seagate Technology Plc 2976IEEE2976 7247 1366American Institute of Physics41.1 41.1 18.8102 Chipbond Technology Corp 2940IEEE2940 3683 272RELX Group (Elsevier)79.8 79.8 7.4103 ZENO SEMICONDUCTOR I 2933IEEE2933 3812 717IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys76.9 76.9 18.8104 ABB Ltd 2922IEEE2922 4715 202IVI Foundation/SCPI Consortium62.0 62.0 4.3105 Tabula Inc 2903IEEE2903 7804 2878ACM-Assoc Comput Mach37.2 37.2 36.9106 Qorvo 2883IEEE2883 3793 237American Institute of Physics76.0 76.0 6.2107 MicroUnity Systems Engineeri 2811IEEE2811 4559 408Joint IEEE and ACM61.7 61.7 8.9108 Seiko Epson Corporation 2748IEEE2748 7722 644ACM-Assoc Comput Mach35.6 35.6 8.3109 Comcast Corp 2721IEEE2721 5486 6053GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body49.6 49.6 11.0110 Commvault Systems Inc. 2622IEEE2622 3737 603ACM-Assoc Comput Mach70.2 70.2 16.1111 Harris Corp. 2616IEEE2616 4739 318Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force55.2 55.2 6.7112 Pelican Imaging Corporation 2597IEEE2597 5408 874SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering48.0 48.0 16.2113 REARDEN LLC 2597IEEE2597 2993 99IET/IEE86.8 86.8 3.3114 TiVo Corp 2543IEEE2543 9545 896ACM-Assoc Comput Mach26.6 26.6 9.4115 United States Navy 2486IEEE2486 8619 969American Institute of Physics28.8 28.8 11.2116 SolarEdge Technologies Inc 2450IEEE2450 2933 289WIP-Renewable Energies83.5 83.5 9.9117 Silicon Laboratories Inc 2433IEEE2433 3106 121Reed Business78.3 78.3 3.9118 Commissariat A L'Energie Ato 2428IEEE2428 9482 1764RELX Group (Elsevier)25.6 25.6 18.6119 INDIVIDUAL PATENTER 2373RELX Group (Elsevier)2342 14995 2342IEEE15.6 15.8 15.6120 Amazon.com Inc. 2847ACM-Assoc Comput Mach2341 10058 2341IEEE23.3 28.3 23.3



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121 Finisar Corp 2341IEEE2341 6225 847IET/IEE37.6 37.6 13.6122 Amberwave Inc 2335IEEE2335 6826 2045American Institute of Physics34.2 34.2 30.0123 NVIDIA Corp. 2303IEEE2303 5976 1685ACM-Assoc Comput Mach38.5 38.5 28.2124 Stanford University 2505RELX Group (Elsevier)2268 20289 2268IEEE11.2 12.3 11.2125 Corning Inc. 2191IEEE2191 8240 1204Optical Society of America26.6 26.6 14.6126 DIRECTV Group Inc. (The) 2191IEEE2191 3436 161Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni63.8 63.8 4.7127 PACT XPP TECHNOLOGIE 2165IEEE2165 3725 358ACM-Assoc Comput Mach58.1 58.1 9.6128 Cognex Corp. 2065IEEE2065 4599 778RELX Group (Elsevier)44.9 44.9 16.9129 Georgia Institute of Technolog 2043IEEE2043 6068 703RELX Group (Elsevier)33.7 33.7 11.6130 Innovative Silicon SA 2033IEEE2033 2515 108RELX Group (Elsevier)80.8 80.8 4.3131 BT Group PLC 2000IEEE2000 4455 318ACM-Assoc Comput Mach44.9 44.9 7.1132 Rockwell Automation Inc 1993IEEE1993 2975 168RELX Group (Elsevier)67.0 67.0 5.6133 Bosch (Robert) GmbH 1972IEEE1972 8388 692RELX Group (Elsevier)23.5 23.5 8.2134 Total SA 1963IEEE1963 2607 120RELX Group (Elsevier)75.3 75.3 4.6135 Juniper Networks Inc. 1944IEEE1944 5584 1207Network Working Group RFC34.8 34.8 21.6136 Global Foundries Inc 1928IEEE1928 4062 438American Institute of Physics47.5 47.5 10.8137 SIPCO LLC 1922IEEE1922 3315 258Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force58.0 58.0 7.8138 FormFactor Inc 1920IEEE1920 3484 648Nature Publishing Group55.1 55.1 18.6139 Intellectual Ventures Manage 1915IEEE1915 3990 597ACM-Assoc Comput Mach48.0 48.0 15.0140 Magna International Inc. 1898IEEE1898 3920 348SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers48.4 48.4 8.9141 University of Michigan 1874IEEE1874 10693 1852RELX Group (Elsevier)17.5 17.5 17.3142 ConvergeOne Inc 1858IEEE1858 5827 849Joint IEEE and ACM31.9 31.9 14.6143 University of Texas 2359RELX Group (Elsevier)1853 14516 1853IEEE12.8 16.3 12.8144 ARRIS Group Inc 1827IEEE1827 3306 137International Telecommunication Union55.3 55.3 4.1145 Flex Ltd (Formerly Flextronics 1827IEEE1827 2451 242CBS Interactive74.5 74.5 9.9146 Lenovo Group Ltd 18643GPP General Partnership Project Standards Bo1827 4887 1827IEEE37.4 38.1 37.4147 Netapp Inc 3925ACM-Assoc Comput Mach1826 9386 1826IEEE19.5 41.8 19.5148 Johnson & Johnson 8616RELX Group (Elsevier)1814 41424 3789John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss4.4 20.8 9.1149 Fuji Film Holdings Corp 1808IEEE1808 8109 1144ACM-Assoc Comput Mach22.3 22.3 14.1150 Honda Motor Co. Ltd.(Honda 1777IEEE1777 4335 624RELX Group (Elsevier)41.0 41.0 14.4151 Interuniversity MicroElectroni 1776IEEE1776 3970 359American Institute of Physics44.7 44.7 9.0152 SRI International 1765IEEE1765 5079 471SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering34.8 34.8 9.3153 Emerson Electric Co. 1673IEEE1673 6518 737RELX Group (Elsevier)25.7 25.7 11.3154 Accenture Ltd. 1660IEEE1660 5104 954ACM-Assoc Comput Mach32.5 32.5 18.7155 Nuance Communications Inc 1650IEEE1650 4804 726ACM-Assoc Comput Mach34.3 34.3 15.1156 Microsemi Corp 1596IEEE1596 2531 123Reed Business63.1 63.1 4.9157 University of Washington 1712RELX Group (Elsevier)1566 10861 1566IEEE14.4 15.8 14.4158 Texas A&M University 1552IEEE1552 3351 278RELX Group (Elsevier)46.3 46.3 8.3159 Sanken Electric Co. Ltd. 1524IEEE1524 2000 276RELX Group (Elsevier)76.2 76.2 13.8160 Mediatek Inc. 1520IEEE1520 2472 5813GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body61.5 61.5 23.5



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161 Wisteria Trading Inc 1500IEEE1500 3012 351SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering49.8 49.8 11.7162 Arizona State University 1490IEEE1490 4784 613RELX Group (Elsevier)31.1 31.1 12.8163 Hewlett Packard Enterprises 1480IEEE1480 4200 991ACM-Assoc Comput Mach35.2 35.2 23.6164 L-3 Communications Holdings 1473IEEE1473 2126 113SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering69.3 69.3 5.3165 Intertrust Technologies Corp 1736ACM-Assoc Comput Mach1458 9576 1458IEEE15.2 18.1 15.2166 WI-Lan Inc 1447IEEE1447 2107 1123GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body68.7 68.7 5.3167 TDK Corporation 1443IEEE1443 4211 767American Institute of Physics34.3 34.3 18.2168 Citrix Systems Inc 1433IEEE1433 4508 813ACM-Assoc Comput Mach31.8 31.8 18.0169 Eastman Kodak Company 1401IEEE1401 5879 543RELX Group (Elsevier)23.8 23.8 9.2170 University of Southern Califor 1393IEEE1393 7608 1022ACS-Am Chem Soc18.3 18.3 13.4171 Deutsche Telekom AG 1379IEEE1379 2780 1553GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body49.6 49.6 5.6172 Orange 1369IEEE1369 2690 139IET/IEE50.9 50.9 5.2173 University of Wisconsin 1346IEEE1346 8850 1128ACS-Am Chem Soc15.2 15.2 12.7174 BAE Systems Plc. 1329IEEE1329 2328 144SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering57.1 57.1 6.2175 QST Holdings Llc 1315IEEE1315 2255 249Joint IEEE and ACM58.3 58.3 11.0176 Infinera Corporation 1298IEEE1298 2522 364IET/IEE51.5 51.5 14.4177 INTOUCH HEALTH INC 1271IEEE1271 2704 144Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad47.0 47.0 5.3178 LibertyMedia 1260IEEE1260 2113 1493GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body59.6 59.6 7.1179 Kyocera Corp. 1252IEEE1252 3008 7493GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body41.6 41.6 24.9180 Northrop Grumman Corp 1245IEEE1245 2774 221American Institute of Physics44.9 44.9 8.0181 Transphorm Inc 1238IEEE1238 2438 447American Institute of Physics50.8 50.8 18.3182 Maxim Integrated Products Inc 1237IEEE1237 1459 20Texas Instruments84.8 84.8 1.4183 Agilent Technologies Inc 1226IEEE1226 4183 437RELX Group (Elsevier)29.3 29.3 10.4184 Walt Disney Co. 2318ACM-Assoc Comput Mach1222 4840 1222IEEE25.2 47.9 25.2185 Microchip Technology Inc. 1219IEEE1219 1799 84ACM-Assoc Comput Mach67.8 67.8 4.7186 Level 3 Communications 1209IEEE1209 4299 891ACM-Assoc Comput Mach28.1 28.1 20.7187 PHOENIX SOLUTIONS INC 1206IEEE1206 3604 478ISCA (International Speech Communication Association)33.5 33.5 13.3188 SK Hynix Inc 1203IEEE1203 2223 140American Institute of Physics54.1 54.1 6.3189 Velatia Group 1182IEEE1182 1571 113Echelon Corp75.2 75.2 7.2190 Synaptics Inc. 1176IEEE1176 2170 117ACM-Assoc Comput Mach54.2 54.2 5.4191 Facebook Inc 1197ACM-Assoc Comput Mach1168 4351 1168IEEE26.8 27.5 26.8192 Schneider Electric S.A. 1160IEEE1160 6206 681I S A-INSTRUM SYS AUTOMATION SOC18.7 18.7 11.0193 Imagination Technologies Gro 1118IEEE1118 3425 743ACM-Assoc Comput Mach32.6 32.6 21.7194 United States of America Depa 1227RELX Group (Elsevier)1116 6315 1116IEEE17.7 19.4 17.7195 National Instruments Corp. 1101IEEE1101 1949 189ACM-Assoc Comput Mach56.5 56.5 9.7196 Extreme Networks Inc 1095IEEE1095 2280 255ACM-Assoc Comput Mach48.0 48.0 11.2197 PDF Solutions 1095IEEE1095 1624 394SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering67.4 67.4 24.3198 Hong Kong University of Scie 1088IEEE1088 2264 243American Institute of Physics48.1 48.1 10.7199 Brain Corporation 1074IEEE1074 2666 453MIT Press40.3 40.3 17.0200 MagnaCom Ltd 1072IEEE1072 1133 61AMER TELEPHONE TELEGRAPH CO, 550 MADISON AVE94.6 94.6 5.4



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201 Toyota Motor Corp 1067IEEE1067 3832 826RELX Group (Elsevier)27.8 27.8 21.6202 Purdue University 1301RELX Group (Elsevier)1060 7451 1060IEEE14.2 17.5 14.2203 United States Army 1057IEEE1057 4428 450American Institute of Physics23.9 23.9 10.2204 Avaya Inc 1054IEEE1054 3844 632Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force27.4 27.4 16.4205 IDC Llc 1038IEEE1038 2898 391SID-Society for Information Display35.8 35.8 13.5206 McAfee Inc 1022IEEE1022 3936 816ACM-Assoc Comput Mach26.0 26.0 20.7207 SRC Computers Inc. 1015IEEE1015 1149 41ACM-Assoc Comput Mach88.3 88.3 3.6208 Stryker Corp. 1086RELX Group (Elsevier)1015 6314 1015IEEE16.1 17.2 16.1209 University of South Florida 1013IEEE1013 4210 685RELX Group (Elsevier)24.1 24.1 16.3210 Thales 1006IEEE1006 1939 120RELX Group (Elsevier)51.9 51.9 6.2211 Verance Corp 1002IEEE1002 1880 244SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering53.3 53.3 13.0212 Smith & Nephew Plc. 2750RELX Group (Elsevier)1001 12689 1171John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss7.9 21.7 9.2213 General Motors Corp 999IEEE999 3699 887RELX Group (Elsevier)27.0 27.0 24.0214 Michigan State University 2115Optical Society of America993 10957 1528American Institute of Physics9.1 19.3 13.9215 Illumina Inc. 987IEEE987 5220 636RELX Group (Elsevier)18.9 18.9 12.2216 Ignis Innovation Inc 983IEEE983 1321 163SID-Society for Information Display74.4 74.4 12.3217 Agency for Science Technolog 973IEEE973 2968 434RELX Group (Elsevier)32.8 32.8 14.6218 Washington University in St. L 965IEEE965 5409 756RELX Group (Elsevier)17.8 17.8 14.0219 Battelle Memorial Institute 990RELX Group (Elsevier)964 5240 964IEEE18.4 18.9 18.4220 Solarflare Communications In 4095ACM-Assoc Comput Mach961 6907 1371Joint IEEE and ACM13.9 59.3 19.8221 Crossbar Inc 960IEEE960 3524 503American Institute of Physics27.2 27.2 14.3222 eBay Inc 952IEEE952 5314 687ACM-Assoc Comput Mach17.9 17.9 12.9223 Math Works Inc (The) 935IEEE935 2100 452ACM-Assoc Comput Mach44.5 44.5 21.5224 Symantec Corp. 924IEEE924 3695 895ACM-Assoc Comput Mach25.0 25.0 24.2225 Carnegie Mellon University 917IEEE917 3484 381RELX Group (Elsevier)26.3 26.3 10.9226 Pioneer Corp. 908IEEE908 1827 288SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering49.7 49.7 15.8227 TRILLIANT NETWORKS I 907IEEE907 1391 93Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force65.2 65.2 6.7228 IP RESERVOIR LLC 892IEEE892 1838 329ACM-Assoc Comput Mach48.5 48.5 17.9229 SYNQOR INC 892IEEE892 1023 45Penton Media, Inc.87.2 87.2 4.4230 New Jersey Institute of Techno 872IEEE872 2125 416RELX Group (Elsevier)41.0 41.0 19.6231 YFY Inc 3756SID-Society for Information Display871 9892 1125National Symposium on Information Display8.8 38.0 11.4232 Schlumberger Ltd. 2569Society of Petroleum Engineers865 12040 1386Society of Exploration Geophysicists7.2 21.3 11.5233 GUIDED THERAPY SYSTE 864IEEE864 2567 387RELX Group (Elsevier)33.7 33.7 15.1234 LivaNova Plc 2448RELX Group (Elsevier)863 12218 1724John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss7.1 20.0 14.1235 Midtronics Inc. 856IEEE856 2042 357RELX Group (Elsevier)41.9 41.9 17.5236 BIOSENSORS INTERNATI 851IEEE851 2627 372John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss32.4 32.4 14.2237 HTC Corporation 16423GPP General Partnership Project Standards Bo850 3261 850IEEE26.1 50.4 26.1238 Cornell University 846IEEE846 5718 775RELX Group (Elsevier)14.8 14.8 13.6239 Mellanox Technologies Ltd 846IEEE846 2270 291IET/IEE37.3 37.3 12.8240 Teledyne Technologies Incorp 841IEEE841 1708 156SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering49.2 49.2 9.1



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241 NUVOTRONICS INC 831IEEE831 992 35American Institute of Physics83.8 83.8 3.5242 Masimo Corp 830IEEE830 2106 192Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ltd.39.4 39.4 9.1243 Nielsen Holdings Plc 999RELX Group (Elsevier)826 5995 826IEEE13.8 16.7 13.8244 Integrated Device Technology 818IEEE818 1128 32ACM-Assoc Comput Mach72.5 72.5 2.8245 Nantero Inc 3296ACS-Am Chem Soc816 11031 2289American Institute of Physics7.4 29.9 20.8246 3M Co 1808RELX Group (Elsevier)798 11691 1254ACS-Am Chem Soc6.8 15.5 10.7247 Viasat 793IEEE793 1269 60RELX Group (Elsevier)62.5 62.5 4.7248 ATTOPSEMI TECHNOLOG 787IEEE787 1008 146IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys78.1 78.1 14.5249 Technion - Israel Institute of T 781IEEE781 2200 242RELX Group (Elsevier)35.5 35.5 11.0250 Elwha LLC 780IEEE780 2838 216RELX Group (Elsevier)27.5 27.5 7.6251 REALTIME DATA LLC 780IEEE780 3109 419Network Working Group RFC25.1 25.1 13.5252 CA Inc 775IEEE775 2096 404ACM-Assoc Comput Mach37.0 37.0 19.3253 Johns Hopkins University 959RELX Group (Elsevier)771 5606 771IEEE13.8 17.1 13.8254 University of Florida 771IEEE771 3833 645RELX Group (Elsevier)20.1 20.1 16.8255 Mevion Medical Systems Inc 764IEEE764 2740 581RELX Group (Elsevier)27.9 27.9 21.2256 Viavi Solutions Inc 764IEEE764 2666 470American Institute of Physics28.7 28.7 17.6257 Nikon Corp. 1917SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering761 4752 767SEMATECH Consortium16.0 40.3 16.1258 Round Rock Research LLC 758IEEE758 2376 345RELX Group (Elsevier)31.9 31.9 14.5259 Knowles Corp 756IEEE756 1467 172RELX Group (Elsevier)51.5 51.5 11.7260 University of North Carolina 744IEEE744 4900 659RELX Group (Elsevier)15.2 15.2 13.4261 Rockwell Collins Inc. 741IEEE741 1616 79Optical Society of America45.9 45.9 4.9262 Vanderbilt University 741IEEE741 4291 662RELX Group (Elsevier)17.3 17.3 15.4263 Lam Research Corp. 1039American Institute of Physics740 4047 740IEEE18.3 25.7 18.3264 ASM International N.V. 1476RELX Group (Elsevier)736 6771 1472American Institute of Physics10.9 21.8 21.7265 Cleveland Clinic (and Foundat 784RELX Group (Elsevier)736 3968 736IEEE18.5 19.8 18.5266 Airbus SE 732IEEE732 1781 200RELX Group (Elsevier)41.1 41.1 11.2267 Synergy Microwave Corp 732IEEE732 894 66Horizon House Publications81.9 81.9 7.4268 Skyworks Solutions Inc 731IEEE731 997 52Summit Technical Media73.3 73.3 5.2269 PixelWorks Inc 729IEEE729 1115 109SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering65.4 65.4 9.8270 Avid Technology Inc. 728IEEE728 1774 641ACM-Assoc Comput Mach41.0 41.0 36.1271 FireEye Inc 728IEEE728 1792 310ACM-Assoc Comput Mach40.6 40.6 17.3272 Aisin Seiki Co. Ltd. 1855Optical Society of America723 5120 723IEEE14.1 36.2 14.1273 Ford Motor Co. 723IEEE723 2354 435SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers30.7 30.7 18.5274 Fortinet Inc 723IEEE723 1239 178ACM-Assoc Comput Mach58.4 58.4 14.4275 Voxer Llc 714IEEE714 1197 90Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force59.6 59.6 7.5276 Power Integrations Inc. 713IEEE713 1084 67Penton Media, Inc.65.8 65.8 6.2277 Kandou 711IEEE711 783 51IET/IEE90.8 90.8 6.5278 KLA-Tencor Corp. 1864SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering710 6184 944American Institute of Physics11.5 30.1 15.3279 M/A-COM Technology Soluti 701IEEE701 1479 189American Institute of Physics47.4 47.4 12.8280 Headwater Partners 1 LLC 696IEEE696 1575 307ACM-Assoc Comput Mach44.2 44.2 19.5



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281 MULTI-TECH SYSTEMS IN 691IEEE691 1096 81International Telecommunication Union63.0 63.0 7.4282 General Dynamics Corp 686IEEE686 1923 239American Society For Artificial Internal Organs35.7 35.7 12.4283 Silverbrook Pty Ltd 685IEEE685 1952 440Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad35.1 35.1 22.5284 Princeton University 1290American Institute of Physics682 5796 709ACS-Am Chem Soc11.8 22.3 12.2285 Duke University 666IEEE666 4595 623RELX Group (Elsevier)14.5 14.5 13.6286 JPMorgan 1098Source Media666 5906 666IEEE11.3 18.6 11.3287 III HOLDINGS 1 LLC 665IEEE665 1078 123ACM-Assoc Comput Mach61.7 61.7 11.4288 University of Nebraska 664IEEE664 3444 418Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad19.3 19.3 12.1289 Cortica Ltd 654IEEE654 886 86ACM-Assoc Comput Mach73.8 73.8 9.7290 Charles Stark Draper Laborato 648IEEE648 2265 288RELX Group (Elsevier)28.6 28.6 12.7291 VIVAQUANT LLC 644IEEE644 1076 101RELX Group (Elsevier)59.9 59.9 9.4292 Maxlinear Inc 638IEEE638 836 41ACM-Assoc Comput Mach76.3 76.3 4.9293 Northwestern University 2374ACS-Am Chem Soc636 10609 1365RELX Group (Elsevier)6.0 22.4 12.9294 State University of New York 635IEEE635 3808 575RELX Group (Elsevier)16.7 16.7 15.1295 NUMENTA INC 873Numenta Inc.632 2489 632IEEE25.4 35.1 25.4296 Advantest Corp. 628IEEE628 890 40American Institute of Physics70.6 70.6 4.5297 NOMADIX INC 621IEEE621 2444 408Network Working Group RFC25.4 25.4 16.7298 Sulvolta Inc 620IEEE620 1301 200American Institute of Physics47.7 47.7 15.4299 BUTTERFLY NETWORKS I 616IEEE616 685 32Acoustical Society of America89.9 89.9 4.7300 Oki Electric Industry Co. Ltd. 616IEEE616 1487 160IEICE-Inst Elec Info Comm Eng41.4 41.4 10.8301 Micro Focus International PL 615IEEE615 1755 448ACM-Assoc Comput Mach35.0 35.0 25.5302 North Carolina State Universit 837American Institute of Physics607 4049 645RELX Group (Elsevier)15.0 20.7 15.9303 Sonos Inc 606IEEE606 1530 238SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering39.6 39.6 15.6304 Johnson Controls International 602IEEE602 1674 238RELX Group (Elsevier)36.0 36.0 14.2305 SUN PATENT TRUST 9443GPP General Partnership Project Standards Bo599 2798 823International Telecommunication Union21.4 33.7 29.4306 Zebra Technologies Corp. 597IEEE597 1303 66Optical Society of America45.8 45.8 5.1307 Fastback Networks Inc 596IEEE596 836 57IET/IEE71.3 71.3 6.8308 BANDSPEED INC 595IEEE595 863 188Bluetooth Special Interest Group68.9 68.9 21.8309 University of Pennsylvania 1038RELX Group (Elsevier)595 6642 758John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss9.0 15.6 11.4310 MOJO MOBILITY INC 591IEEE591 758 54RELX Group (Elsevier)78.0 78.0 7.1311 BTG Plc. 588IEEE588 2219 293RELX Group (Elsevier)26.5 26.5 13.2312 Coriant 586IEEE586 1324 181Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force44.3 44.3 13.7313 Harvard University 1416ACS-Am Chem Soc585 10300 1254RELX Group (Elsevier)5.7 13.7 12.2314 ASML Holding NV 4170SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering577 12206 2676American Institute of Physics4.7 34.2 21.9315 Screen Holdings Co Ltd (Form 577IEEE577 2151 317RELX Group (Elsevier)26.8 26.8 14.7316 Ciena Corp 560IEEE560 1687 293Optical Society of America33.2 33.2 17.4317 NCR Corp. 557IEEE557 1770 359ACM-Assoc Comput Mach31.5 31.5 20.3318 Nintendo Co. Ltd. 739ACM-Assoc Comput Mach557 2982 557IEEE18.7 24.8 18.7319 Unisantis Electronics Ltd 557IEEE557 642 38RELX Group (Elsevier)86.8 86.8 5.9320 3D Systems Corp. 556IEEE556 1251 305ACM-Assoc Comput Mach44.4 44.4 24.4



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321 United Technologies Corp 551IEEE551 2706 244RELX Group (Elsevier)20.4 20.4 9.0322 X ONE INC 549IEEE549 1384 268ACM-Assoc Comput Mach39.7 39.7 19.4323 Virgin Islands Microsystems 548IEEE548 2251 461American Institute of Physics24.3 24.3 20.5324 Sumitomo Electric Industries 544IEEE544 3745 544American Institute of Physics14.5 14.5 14.5325 University of Maryland 575RELX Group (Elsevier)542 3599 542IEEE15.1 16.0 15.1326 Tel Aviv Univiversity 554RELX Group (Elsevier)538 3483 538IEEE15.4 15.9 15.4327 CREATIVE KINGDOMS LL 537IEEE537 1631 447ACM-Assoc Comput Mach32.9 32.9 27.4328 The National Aeronautical and 535IEEE535 2703 271AIAA-Am Inst Aero Astro19.8 19.8 10.0329 National Chiao Tung Universi 531IEEE531 1050 99American Institute of Physics50.6 50.6 9.4330 Centre National De La Recher 1451RELX Group (Elsevier)530 5468 530IEEE9.7 26.5 9.7331 Pulse Electronics 530IEEE530 706 141IET/IEE75.1 75.1 20.0332 Denso Corp 524IEEE524 1235 122RELX Group (Elsevier)42.4 42.4 9.9333 ORIGIN WIRELESS INC 524IEEE524 702 39American Physical Society74.6 74.6 5.6334 Hoya Corp 523IEEE523 1826 347American Institute of Physics28.6 28.6 19.0335 Soitec SA 523IEEE523 2023 493American Institute of Physics25.9 25.9 24.4336 Xtera Communications Inc. 521IEEE521 1535 359IET/IEE33.9 33.9 23.4337 Emcore Corp. 519IEEE519 1175 165American Institute of Physics44.2 44.2 14.0338 Pulse Link Inc 516IEEE516 630 24Scientific American Inc.81.9 81.9 3.8339 Sotera Wireless 514IEEE514 1037 182Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad49.6 49.6 17.6340 Via Technologies Inc. 511IEEE511 1090 145Joint IEEE and ACM46.9 46.9 13.3341 Halliburton Co. (Holding) 3332Society of Petroleum Engineers507 8981 646SPWLA-Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts5.6 37.1 7.2342 NETWORK-1 TECHNOLOG 506IEEE506 1289 337ACM-Assoc Comput Mach39.3 39.3 26.1343 Ecole Polytechnique Federale 505IEEE505 1798 169RELX Group (Elsevier)28.1 28.1 9.4344 EXEGY INC 505IEEE505 1040 173ACM-Assoc Comput Mach48.6 48.6 16.6345 ACORN TECHNOLOGIES I 503IEEE503 1442 352American Institute of Physics34.9 34.9 24.4346 Nant Holdings IP Llc 502IEEE502 1673 475ACM-Assoc Comput Mach30.0 30.0 28.4347 VerintSys 1318International Data Group500 4497 886ACM-Assoc Comput Mach11.1 29.3 19.7348 ZTE Corp. 13303GPP General Partnership Project Standards Bo500 2449 500IEEE20.4 54.3 20.4349 Caterpillar Inc. 499IEEE499 1274 157SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers39.2 39.2 12.3350 ST-Ericsson SA (Patents split 495IEEE495 698 833GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body70.9 70.9 11.9351 EchoStar Corp 491IEEE491 949 74RELX Group (Elsevier)51.7 51.7 7.8352 Comtech Telecommunications 489IEEE489 1029 2183GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body47.5 47.5 21.2353 Olympus Corp. 487IEEE487 2781 423RELX Group (Elsevier)17.5 17.5 15.2354 VirnetX Holding Corp 4279Network Working Group RFC485 8456 1487Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force5.7 50.6 17.6355 Medispectra Inc 482IEEE482 1316 148RELX Group (Elsevier)36.6 36.6 11.2356 ZENA TECHNOLOGIES IN 480IEEE480 1821 392American Institute of Physics26.4 26.4 21.5357 Cheetah Omni LLC 478IEEE478 1857 445Optical Society of America25.7 25.7 24.0358 MC10 Inc 1051American Institute of Physics478 5376 796ACS-Am Chem Soc8.9 19.5 14.8359 Eaton Corp. 474IEEE474 693 36RELX Group (Elsevier)68.4 68.4 5.2360 CenturyLink Inc 473IEEE473 1085 141International Telecommunication Union43.6 43.6 13.0



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361 Fitbit Inc 473IEEE473 1209 190Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad39.1 39.1 15.7362 MIRAMAR LABS INC 471IEEE471 1115 105IOP Publishing42.2 42.2 9.4363 Qinetiq Group Ltd 470IEEE470 1513 168American Institute of Physics31.1 31.1 11.1364 Ligado Networks (formerly Li 468IEEE468 863 132Baltzer Science Publishers B.V.54.2 54.2 15.3365 University of Colorado ( The 788Optical Society of America466 3275 466IEEE14.2 24.1 14.2366 ECOLE DE TECHBOLOGIE 464IEEE464 681 543GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body68.1 68.1 7.9367 Lattice Semiconductor Corp. 464IEEE464 668 38Joint IEEE and ACM69.5 69.5 5.7368 Korea Advanced Institute for S 463IEEE463 1546 177RELX Group (Elsevier)29.9 29.9 11.4369 SAS Institute 460IEEE460 1403 213RELX Group (Elsevier)32.8 32.8 15.2370 Tokyo Electron Limited 515RELX Group (Elsevier)460 3589 475American Institute of Physics12.8 14.3 13.2371 Pennsylvania State University 598RELX Group (Elsevier)459 3233 459IEEE14.2 18.5 14.2372 University of Central Florida 517RELX Group (Elsevier)455 3717 455IEEE12.2 13.9 12.2373 Oewaves Inc 568Optical Society of America447 1412 447IEEE31.7 40.2 31.7374 ALOFT MEDIA LLC 446IEEE446 650 1053GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body68.6 68.6 16.2375 Assa Abloy AB 444IEEE444 2775 402International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR)16.0 16.0 14.5376 MicroStrategy Inc. 444IEEE444 1793 359United Business Media/UBM Tech24.8 24.8 20.0377 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. 441IEEE441 533 15IET/IEE82.7 82.7 2.8378 SAIC Inc 577SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering437 2652 437IEEE16.5 21.8 16.5379 PLUSN LLC 436IEEE436 600 57IET/IEE72.7 72.7 9.5380 Fortive Corporation 435IEEE435 1077 95RELX Group (Elsevier)40.4 40.4 8.8381 AMPT LLC 434IEEE434 560 34RELX Group (Elsevier)77.5 77.5 6.1382 IDEMIA 431IEEE431 1137 79SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering37.9 37.9 6.9383 United Microelectronics Corp 428IEEE428 805 84IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys53.2 53.2 10.4384 Proteus Biomedical Inc 427IEEE427 1856 367RELX Group (Elsevier)23.0 23.0 19.8385 ICOSYSTEM CORP 425IEEE425 579 33RELX Group (Elsevier)73.4 73.4 5.7386 Schweitzer Engineering Labor 424IEEE424 519 15IET/IEE81.7 81.7 2.9387 Alstom 422IEEE422 687 55ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng61.4 61.4 8.0388 MegaChips Corp 421IEEE421 659 34American Institute of Physics63.9 63.9 5.2389 F5 Networks Inc 416IEEE416 2291 358ACM-Assoc Comput Mach18.2 18.2 15.6390 Densbits Technologies Ltd 414IEEE414 767 119Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad54.0 54.0 15.5391 TRACBEAM LLC 413IEEE413 796 108ACM-Assoc Comput Mach51.9 51.9 13.6392 Vestas Wind Systems A/S 413IEEE413 842 98AWEA-American Wind Energy Association49.0 49.0 11.6393 IPCO LLC 411IEEE411 732 54ACM-Assoc Comput Mach56.1 56.1 7.4394 Coherent Inc. 577Optical Society of America410 2799 507American Institute of Physics14.6 20.6 18.1395 FARO Technologies Inc. 410IEEE410 1109 200SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering37.0 37.0 18.0396 Fuji Electric Holdings Co. Ltd. 410IEEE410 826 101American Institute of Physics49.6 49.6 12.2397 Omnivision Technologies Inc 409IEEE409 1064 284Optical Society of America38.4 38.4 26.7398 Soraa Inc 1642American Institute of Physics408 5233 972INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS7.8 31.4 18.6399 University of Pittsburgh 746RELX Group (Elsevier)408 3780 408IEEE10.8 19.7 10.8400 ACACIA MEDIA TECHNOL 406IEEE406 736 66ACM-Assoc Comput Mach55.2 55.2 9.0



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401 ZF Friedrichshafen AG (Germ 406IEEE406 1082 105American Institute of Physics37.5 37.5 9.7402 Ygomi LLC 405IEEE405 443 15SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering91.4 91.4 3.4403 ITT Corp 404IEEE404 875 63Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force46.2 46.2 7.2404 Aerospace Corp. 403IEEE403 1089 164American Institute of Physics37.0 37.0 15.1405 INTERVAL RESEARCH CO 402IEEE402 958 239ACM-Assoc Comput Mach42.0 42.0 24.9406 University of Utah 402IEEE402 2632 337RELX Group (Elsevier)15.3 15.3 12.8407 Commonwealth Scientific and 401IEEE401 856 89RELX Group (Elsevier)46.8 46.8 10.4408 DowDuPont 1781RELX Group (Elsevier)399 7914 1133ACS-Am Chem Soc5.0 22.5 14.3409 National Taiwan University 398IEEE398 737 52American Institute of Physics54.0 54.0 7.1410 New York University 396IEEE396 2812 311Optical Society of America14.1 14.1 11.1411 TE Connectivity Ltd 395IEEE395 1087 117Optical Society of America36.3 36.3 10.8412 Red Hat Inc 394IEEE394 1293 333ACM-Assoc Comput Mach30.5 30.5 25.8413 Asahi Kasei Corp. 1083RELX Group (Elsevier)393 4762 656Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ltd.8.3 22.7 13.8414 United States Air Force 391IEEE391 1522 185American Institute of Physics25.7 25.7 12.2415 AVISTAR COMMUNICATI 390IEEE390 767 228ACM-Assoc Comput Mach50.8 50.8 29.7416 United States of America Depa 390IEEE390 1828 297American Institute of Physics21.3 21.3 16.2417 ON-RAMP WIRELESS INC 389IEEE389 569 48IET/IEE68.4 68.4 8.4418 YANICKLO TECHNOLOG 854ACM-Assoc Comput Mach389 2412 389IEEE16.1 35.4 16.1419 Atos SE 388IEEE388 929 118Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force41.8 41.8 12.7420 Communications Research Ce 388IEEE388 610 43IET/IEE63.6 63.6 7.0421 ETA DEVICES INC 387IEEE387 447 18Summit Technical Media86.6 86.6 4.0422 Telecom Italia SPA 387IEEE387 987 1423GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body39.2 39.2 14.4423 University of New Mexico 387IEEE387 1958 239American Institute of Physics19.8 19.8 12.2424 IWALK INC 384IEEE384 1017 207RELX Group (Elsevier)37.8 37.8 20.4425 BIO CONTROL MEDICAL ( 383IEEE383 1409 221Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ltd.27.2 27.2 15.7426 Delphi Automotive PLC 381IEEE381 866 113RELX Group (Elsevier)44.0 44.0 13.0427 Teradyne Inc. 380IEEE380 772 95ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng49.2 49.2 12.3428 BIONX MEDICAL TECHN 379IEEE379 995 207RELX Group (Elsevier)38.1 38.1 20.8429 Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd. 424Optical Society of America379 1868 379IEEE20.3 22.7 20.3430 TANGIS CORP 375IEEE375 540 92ACM-Assoc Comput Mach69.4 69.4 17.0431 Ohio State University 422RELX Group (Elsevier)374 2464 374IEEE15.2 17.1 15.2432 Autodesk Inc. 1476ACM-Assoc Comput Mach369 2456 369IEEE15.0 60.1 15.0433 NORTHERN TELECOM LT 369IEEE369 662 46IET/IEE55.7 55.7 6.9434 Oclaro Inc 369IEEE369 1169 268Optical Society of America31.6 31.6 22.9435 Cray Inc 532ACM-Assoc Comput Mach368 1390 368IEEE26.5 38.3 26.5436 Novartis AG 2431RELX Group (Elsevier)366 8510 546ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC4.3 28.6 6.4437 Tigo Energy Inc 364IEEE364 531 125WIP-Renewable Energies68.5 68.5 23.5438 City University of Hong Kong 363IEEE363 912 84RELX Group (Elsevier)39.8 39.8 9.2439 Genesys Telecommunications 363IEEE363 843 136ACM-Assoc Comput Mach43.1 43.1 16.1440 Hexagon AB 362IEEE362 1112 124ACM-Assoc Comput Mach32.6 32.6 11.2



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441 Sigma Corp 362IEEE362 480 70SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering75.4 75.4 14.6442 Virginia Tech University 362IEEE362 1351 174RELX Group (Elsevier)26.8 26.8 12.9443 Becton Dickinson and Co. 3395RELX Group (Elsevier)361 20110 2776Wolters Kluwer1.8 16.9 13.8444 University of Connecticut 360IEEE360 1944 345RELX Group (Elsevier)18.5 18.5 17.7445 Catholic University Leuven 359IEEE359 904 109American Institute of Physics39.7 39.7 12.1446 Avalanche Technology Inc 496American Institute of Physics357 1586 357IEEE22.5 31.3 22.5447 Voicebox Technologies Inc 355IEEE355 463 63ACM-Assoc Comput Mach76.7 76.7 13.6448 UT-Battelle LLC 570RELX Group (Elsevier)352 3286 480American Institute of Physics10.7 17.3 14.6449 Council of Scientific and Indus 351IEEE351 1195 243RELX Group (Elsevier)29.4 29.4 20.3450 William Marsh Rice Universit 736ACS-Am Chem Soc351 3706 495RELX Group (Elsevier)9.5 19.9 13.4451 Rohm Co. Ltd. 896American Institute of Physics350 3138 434RELX Group (Elsevier)11.2 28.6 13.8452 Jiangsu ChangJiang Electronic 348IEEE348 447 49International Microelectronics And Packaging Society77.9 77.9 11.0453 Polycom Inc. 347IEEE347 542 57International Telecommunication Union64.0 64.0 10.5454 Japan Science and Technology 1047American Institute of Physics346 3982 553RELX Group (Elsevier)8.7 26.3 13.9455 Fluidigm Corp 411RELX Group (Elsevier)345 2773 401ACS-Am Chem Soc12.4 14.8 14.5456 COLLABORATION PROPE 343IEEE343 494 70ACM-Assoc Comput Mach69.4 69.4 14.2457 CIRREX SYSTEMS LLC 341IEEE341 1421 223Optical Society of America24.0 24.0 15.7458 Quest Software Inc 341IEEE341 883 269ACM-Assoc Comput Mach38.6 38.6 30.5459 SYNTROPY SYSTEMS LLC 340IEEE340 381 18Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad89.2 89.2 4.7460 Unisys Corp. 339IEEE339 779 176ACM-Assoc Comput Mach43.5 43.5 22.6461 Vishay Intertechnology Inc. 339IEEE339 516 28RELX Group (Elsevier)65.7 65.7 5.4462 VASCULAR IMAGING CO 337IEEE337 695 200IET/IEE48.5 48.5 28.8463 EDGE 3 TECHNOLOGIES I 334IEEE334 529 37International Association for Pattern Recognition (IAPR)63.1 63.1 7.0464 Maui Diagnostic Imaging 334IEEE334 456 40RELX Group (Elsevier)73.2 73.2 8.8465 National University of Singap 334IEEE334 1232 134American Institute of Physics27.1 27.1 10.9466 RONALD A KATZ TECHN 332IEEE332 2326 222International Data Group14.3 14.3 9.5467 Carl-Zeiss Stiftung 1544SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering330 7938 1232Optical Society of America4.2 19.5 15.5468 Kofax Inc 330IEEE330 844 140ACM-Assoc Comput Mach39.1 39.1 16.6469 Silicon Genesis Corporation 330IEEE330 1612 328RELX Group (Elsevier)20.5 20.5 20.3470 HEMOSONICS LLC 329IEEE329 628 70RELX Group (Elsevier)52.4 52.4 11.1471 Tensorcomm Inc 329IEEE329 369 13IET/IEE89.2 89.2 3.5472 Concormis Inc 1531Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad326 9607 1232RELX Group (Elsevier)3.4 15.9 12.8473 University of Virginia (and Pat 323IEEE323 1893 290RELX Group (Elsevier)17.1 17.1 15.3474 TROXLER ELECTRONIC L 321IEEE321 739 174AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS43.4 43.4 23.5475 University Health Network 320IEEE320 933 136RELX Group (Elsevier)34.3 34.3 14.6476 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 319IEEE319 485 41IET/IEE65.8 65.8 8.5477 Cavium Inc 318IEEE318 764 105SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering41.6 41.6 13.7478 Searete LLC 317IEEE317 1986 174American Institute of Physics16.0 16.0 8.8479 SercoNet Ltd 317IEEE317 613 41Primedia Business Magazines & Media Inc.51.7 51.7 6.7480 Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co 325American Institute of Physics316 1364 316IEEE23.2 23.8 23.2



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481 University of Rochester 315IEEE315 2269 278RELX Group (Elsevier)13.9 13.9 12.3482 ODYSSEY WIRELESS INC 314IEEE314 413 253GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body76.0 76.0 6.1483 KT Corp. 313IEEE313 691 125International Telecommunication Union45.3 45.3 18.1484 PerkinElmer Inc. 1137ACS-Am Chem Soc311 4537 686RELX Group (Elsevier)6.9 25.1 15.1485 Duchossois Industries Inc. 308IEEE308 858 120International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR)35.9 35.9 14.0486 Seoul National University 307IEEE307 1187 144ACS-Am Chem Soc25.9 25.9 12.1487 Seoul Semiconductor Co Ltd 837American Institute of Physics307 2189 307IEEE14.0 38.2 14.0488 Varian Medical Systems Inc. 681John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss306 2886 645RELX Group (Elsevier)10.6 23.6 22.3489 University of Massachusetts 390ACS-Am Chem Soc303 2753 339RELX Group (Elsevier)11.0 14.2 12.3490 Continental AG (Germany Fed 302IEEE302 622 48RELX Group (Elsevier)48.6 48.6 7.7491 Ossur hf 300IEEE300 989 240RELX Group (Elsevier)30.3 30.3 24.3492 Giant Grey Inc (formerly BRS 298IEEE298 343 38International Association for Pattern Recognition (IAPR)86.9 86.9 11.1493 Trimble Inc 298IEEE298 1047 284ION-The Inst of Navigation28.5 28.5 27.1494 CHRIMAR SYSTEMS INC 296IEEE296 673 55Ziff-Davis44.0 44.0 8.2495 Iowa State University 296IEEE296 1582 225ACS-Am Chem Soc18.7 18.7 14.2496 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & C 296IEEE296 505 66ATSC Std58.6 58.6 13.1497 Danaher Corp. 829RELX Group (Elsevier)295 4619 391John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss6.4 17.9 8.5498 Drexel University 803RELX Group (Elsevier)295 3278 660American Institute of Physics9.0 24.5 20.1499 Dialog Semiconductor Plc. 290IEEE290 343 18ONLINE INC84.5 84.5 5.2500 National Institute of Informati 290IEEE290 825 138IEICE-Inst Elec Info Comm Eng35.2 35.2 16.7


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