Analysis of the NAS Battery and Multi-Technology ... · 6 64-68% 57-63% 7 65-69% 57-63% . Norris...
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Analysis of the NAS Battery and Multi-TechnologyDemonstration at AEP
Benjamin L. NorrisNorris Energy Consulting Co.
Georgianne H. PeekSandia National Laboratories
David K. NicholsAmerican Electric Power
DOE Energy Storage Systems ResearchAnnual Peer Review, October, 2005
Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Funded in part by the Energy Storage Systems Program of the U.S.Department Of Energy (DOE/ESS) through Sandia National Laboratories (SNL).
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PartnersDOE / Sandia National LaboratoriesAEP EmTech, LLC.Tokyo Electric Power Co.NGK Insulators Ltd.ABB Inc.EPRI
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Project Scope
Performance assessment of NAS demonstration systemEconomic analysis of NASMulti-technology comparison
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Instrumentation13.8kV / 480V
Heater and auxiliary powerfor the battery modules A&B
kWkWhVdcIdct
kWkWhVloadIload
t
kWkWh
VsourceIsource
t
kWkWhVdcIdc
VblocksTbaseTsideAh
DODt
From NGK's DataAcquisition System
CB1
CB3
CB2
StaticSwitch
BuildingLoad
480V / 200V
NAS Battery Modules A&B
BAT-A
INV-A
kWkWhVPCSIPCS
t480V / 200V
BAT-B
INV-BBi-DirectionalInverter
MIS (SW)BIB (CB)
CB-MBP (N.O.)
480V / 208V
Auxiliary power for PCS A&B
kV2
VA400/5 1/1
kWkWh
IV
THD
kV2
VA400/5 1/1
kWkWh
IV
THD
kV2
kWkWh
IV
THD
CT accuracyis ±0.3%
KV2 meteraccuracy is
±0.5%
V A 800/11/1HOBRUY C10.5
V A 800/11/1
HOBRUY C10.5Shorted Shorted
V
1/1
ILVcap
V1/1
NGK measurements
AEP measurements
ABB measurements
ILVcap
NGK Current and Voltage MeasurementAccuracy
1. Current Measurement:
Typically ±0.5%, max. ±1.0% at 1000A
* LT 1005-S: ±0.4% (catalogue value) * Others: max. ±0.6% (for secondary measurement circuit plus A/Dconversion)
2. Voltage Measurement:
Typically ±0.1%, max. ±0.3% at 990V
CT accuracyis ±0.3%
Voltage is directly measuredKV2 meter
accuracy is ±0.5%
KV2 meteraccuracy is
±0.5%
This KV2 directly measuresvoltage and current
Voltage is directly measured
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Regime 6 Profile (2/5/2004)
Storage Power Flows
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
3:00 AM 6:00 AM 9:00 AM 12:00 PM 3:00 PM 6:00 PM 9:00 PM 12:00 AM 3:00 AM 6:00 AM 9:00 AM
Time
Pow
er (k
W)
Storage Input Storage Output Auxiliary Input Auxiliary Output
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Regime 7 Profile (5/19/2004)
Storage Power Flows
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
6:00 AM 9:00 AM 12:00 PM 3:00 PM 6:00 PM 9:00 PM 12:00 AM 3:00 AM 6:00 AM 9:00 AM
Time
Pow
er (k
W)
Storage Input Storage Output Auxiliary Input Auxiliary Output
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Sample Cycle Storage Energy
Regime Storage Charge
Storage Discharge
Auxiliary Load
Charging Cost
Total Cost
Aux. Portion
6 1050 kWh 699 kWh 66 kWh 351 kWh 417 kWh 16% 7 1100 kWh 726 kWh 68 kWh 373 kWh 441 kWh 15%
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System Performance
Charging efficiency includes PCS, static switch, and batterySystem efficiency includes PCS, battery, and auxiliariesAuxiliary load includes: battery heaters; PCS cabinet heaters (x2); control cabinet heater; PCS fans (x2); microcontrollers; instrumentation.
Regime Charging Efficiency System Efficiency 6 64-68% 57-63% 7 65-69% 57-63%
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Power Quality Impacts
Grid
Load
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Duration (s)
Volta
ge
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Duration (s)
Volta
ge
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Regime 6 Peak Shaving
0
50
100
150
200
250
3:00 AM 6:00 AM 9:00 AM 12:00 PM 3:00 PM 6:00 PM 9:00 PM 12:00 AM 3:00 AM 6:00 AM 9:00 AM
Time
Pow
er (k
W)
Grid Net Load
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Regime 7 Peak Shaving
0
50
100
150
200
250
6:00 AM 9:00 AM 12:00 PM 3:00 PM 6:00 PM 9:00 PM 12:00 AM 3:00 AM 6:00 AM 9:00 AM
Time
Pow
er (k
W)
Grid Net Load
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Lessons Learned
Battery system overall efficiency needs to be addressed in the specificationFor PQ+PS systems, efficiency should be pegged at the nominal PS power levelPerformance monitoring and measurement sensitivities need to be addressed in the specificationControl system should optimize peak loads
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Multi-technology Comparison
NAS
MGE UPS / ActivePower
PureWave
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2 Recorded Concurrent Events
6 months data collected (Oct’03 – Apr’04)14 extended periods of concurrent data collection2 events propagate through all three systems during concurrent data collection:
68-cycle interruptionVoltage sag sequence (8 sags)
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Interruption Protection
Grid ALoad ALoad B
Load C 1.133s (68 cycle) Interruption
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Sag Protection
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
0 50 100 150 200
msec
Vrm
s
34ms (2 cycle) A-phase Sag
11/27/03 14:03:11
301V (9%) overvoltage
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Conclusions - 3 Technologies
InterruptionTwo systems fully protected loadsOne system protected load against outage, but introduced a voltage sag on one phase
Voltage SagAll three systems fully protected load
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NAS Economic Analysis
Customer combined PQ/PS applicationNational tariff reviewCost / performance data based upon commercial products and existing manufacturing capacity
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System Specifications
Installed cost (TI/NGK) includes modules, PCS ($202/kW), BOP ($100/kW), land, and installation.PQ rating - pulse factor of 3.Based on mature price projections.
Module System (5 Modules)PS/PQ Power Rating 50 kW / 150 kW 250 kW / 750 kWPQ duration 30 seconds 30 secondsPS Energy 360 kWh 1800 kWhPrice $75k (module price) $605,000 (installed)
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Technical Assumptions
O&M includes maintenance, standby heat losses, property taxes, and insurance.Efficiency includes DC/DC battery efficiency and power conversion efficiency (double pass).
PS Discharge Duration 7.2 hoursRecharge Duration 8.64 hoursCalendar Life 15 yearsCycle Life 2500 cycles
O&M $26/kW-yrAC/AC Roundtrip Efficiency 77%
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Other AssumptionsTariff Data On Peak Demand Charge ($/kW-mo) 10 Facilities Charge ($/mo) 25 On Peak Energy Charge ($/kWh) 0.08 Off Peak Energy Charge ($/kWh) 0.06Customer Billing Data - Without NAS Peak (operating) Days in Billing Cycle 20 On Peak Consumption (kWh) 400000 Off Peak Consumption (kWh) 100000 Peak Demand (kW) 1000Financial Escalation Rate 2.50% Discount Rate 7% State Marginal Tax Rate 5% Federal Marginal Tax Rate 35% Study Period (yr) 15Reduced losses from PQ protection Value ($/kW-event) 5 Events per year 20
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Bill Comparison
Original New Benefit
On Peak Consumption (kWh) 400,000 364,000Off Peak Consumption (kWh) 100,000 146,753On Peak Demand (kW) 1,000 750Power factor 1 1Billed On-Peak Demand (kW) 1,000 750Total consumption (kWh) 500,000 510,753Load factor 0.694 0.946
Utility Bill ($) On-peak Demand Charge 10,000 7,500 2,500 Facilities Charge 25 25 0 On-peak Energy Charge 32,000 29,120 2,880 Off-Peak Energy Charge 6,000 8,805 -2,805Total Bill ($/mo) 48,025 45,450 2,575
PS Operating months/yr 8Annual Utility Bill Savings ($/yr) 20,598
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Proforma (15 yr)YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR
NPV 0 1 2 3 …NAS Ownership NAS Capital Cost -604,500 -604,500 NAS Depreciation -30,225 -57,428 -51,685 NAS O&M -68,621 -6,500 -6,663 -6,829
Power Quality PQ Loss Savings 791,783 75,000 76,875 78,797
Peak Shaving Utility Bill Savings 217,460 20,598 21,113 21,641Net Profit/(Loss) Before Tax 58,873 33,898 41,924LESS: Tax -219,787 -22,519 -12,966 -16,036Net Profit/(Loss) After Tax 36,354 20,932 25,888ADDBACK: Depreciation 30,225 57,428 51,685Net Present Value (NPV) 116,335 -604,500 66,579 78,360 77,573
Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 9.801%
MACRS Depr Rate (15 year) 5.000% 9.500% 8.550%
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Conclusions - NAS Economic Analysis
Reasonable IRR (9.8%) for typical PS/PQ combined applicationBenefits dominated by PQ loss savings, rather than utility bill savingsCustomer-specific analysis should include impact of tariff switching (penalties for increased demand charge, BESS oversizing)
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Project Wrap Up
Economic analysis reportMulti-technology comparison report