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International Journal of Electronic and Electrical Engineering. ISSN 0974-2174 Volume 4, Number 1 (2011), pp.61-74 © International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com
Analysis of EMI Effects on 555 Timer
1Mandeep Kaur, 1Shikha Kakkar and 2Danvir Mandal
1Sant Baba Bhag Singh Institute of Engg. and Tech., Padhiana, Jalandhar, India E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
2Institute of Engg. and Technology, Bhaddal, Ropar, India E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
When electromagnetic interference takes place with the input pins of 555 Timer it can cause operation variation. This paper deals with the investigation of EMI effects in 555 timer circuit[2][4]. This work presents evaluation of the EMI effects in 555 timer by applying a range of EMI signals varying from 5MHz-30MHz at constant magnitude of 100mV in series along with the 1KHz/10V original input signal[1]. The EMI effects on the test 555 timer are predicted using ORCAD in terms of total job time, time step and output waveform. All the results compiled in the paper are simulated from the same. For easier understanding Bar graph is shown. Keywords: EMI, 555 Timer circuit.
Introduction Electromagnetic interference (or EMI, also called radio frequency interference or RFI) is a disturbance that affects an electrical circuit due to either electromagnetic conduction or electromagnetic radiation emitted from an external source. The disturbance may interrupt, obstruct, or otherwise degrade or limit the effective performance of the circuit. The source may be any object, artificial or natural, that carries rapidly changing electrical currents, such as an electrical circuit, the Sun .The fundamental concept of electrical and electromagnetic interference involves an emanating source and an affected device or system. The transfer of energy between systems can occur through radiation, conduction, or induction. The actual transfer of energy is facilitated respectively through a transmission path, conductive path, or
62 Mandeep Kaur et al
through magnetic coupling. The interference that affects wireless communication links is typically the result of radiated or conductive energy transfer. The condition of a conductive affect occurs when the signal is picked-up by a conductor attached to the affected system. Several studies related to EMI effects on electronic devices and circuits have been reported in the literature and EMI effects on Passive circuit elements such as resistor and the circuits containing these components have been investigated and analysed by experimental and simulation studies[5][6][7]. The results of these studies indicate that EMI may cause significant changes and incorrect operation of electronic circuits[3]. In this paper, we focused at EMI effects on 555 Timer circuit. The EMI effects on the 555 Timer IC are investigated with the utilization of simulator ORCAD, with interesting results.
Table 1: EMI Signas Used at Different Frequencies
Input signal EMI Signal Frequency range EMI signal Amplitude 1Khz/10V 300Hz- 5Mhz 10V 1Khz/10V 300Hz-50Mhz 100mV
Table 2 : EMI Signas Used at Different Amplitude
Input signal EMI Signal Frequency EMI signal Amplitude range 1Khz/10V 5Mhz 100mV-10V 1Khz/10V 15Mhz 100mV-2V 1khz/10V 30Mhz 100mV-1V
Test Circuit 555 Timer IC 555 TimerThe 555 timer is an integrated circuit (chip) implementing a variety of timer and multivibrator applications. The 555 Timer is a monolithic timing circuit that can produce accurate and highly stable time delays or oscillations. The 555 Timer used in the oscillating circuit has applications that include precision timing, pulse generation, sequential timing, time delay generation and pulse width modulation (PWM). These are functions that are essential in the design. The 555 Timer used in the oscillating circuit has applications that include precision timing, pulse generation, sequential timing, time delay generation and pulse width modulation (PWM). These are functions that are essential in the design. In this paper, test circuit is presented on which the EMI effects will be analysed according to configuration shown in Table 1 and Table 2. Fig. 1 shows the 555 Timer IC with input signal 1Khz/10V and the output waveform of this IC shown in Fig. 2.
Analysis of EMI Effects on 555 Timer 63
Figure 1: 555 Timer circuit with 1Khz/10V input signal
Figure 2: Transient Analysis of 555 Timer IC 555 Timer IC with EMI Signal In Fig. 3 EMI signal is injected in series with input signal and applied between Pin 5 (control voltage) and Pin 1(ground).
Figure 3: 555Timer circuit with 1Khz/10V input Signal and 5Mhz-30Mhz/100mv EMI signal.
64 Mandeep Kaur et al
Experimental Results EMI Effects with EMI Signal at Frequency 300Hz- 5Mhz/10V
Input Signa EMI Signal Time StepTotal Job Time(sec)
Power Dissipation Simulation
1KHz/10V 300Hz/10V 6.202e-06 2.09 5.58e-01 watt
1KHz/10V 3KHz /10V
106.5e-09 1.27 5.58e-01 watt
1KHz/10V 6KHz
/10V 32.32e-09 1.70 5.58e-01 watt
1KHz/10V 10KHz/10V 1.581e-06 2.61 5.58e-01 watt
1KHz/10V 20KHz/10V 6.067e-06 5.73 5.58e-01 watt
1KHz/10V 40KHz/10V 3.079e-06 10.72 5.58e-01 watt
1KHz/10V 80KHz/10V 320.8e-09 20.06 5.58e-01 watt
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Analysis of EMI Effects on 555 Timer 67
1KHz/10V 20KHz/100mv 267.0e-09 1.24 5.58e-01 watt
1KHz/10V 40KHz/100mv 208.4e-09 1.84 5.58e-01 watt
1KHz/10V 80KHz/100mv 315.2e-09 1.59 5.58e-01 watt
1KHz/10V 100KHz/100mv 229.3e-09 1.64 5.58e-01 watt
1KHz/10V 500KHz/100mv 103.0e-09 4.94 5.58e-01 watt
1KHz/10V 1MHz/100mv 120.8e-09 8.86 5.58e-01 watt
1KHz/10V 5MHz/100mv 20.48e-09 39.86 5.58e-01 watt
1KHz/10V 30MHz/100mv 645.2e-12 208.77 5.58e-01 watt
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Analysis of EMI Effects on 555 Timer 69
EMI Effects with EMI Signal at Frequency 5Mhz/100mV-10V
Input Signa EMI Signal Time StepTotal Job Time(sec)
Power Dissipa-tionSimulation
1KHz/10V 5Mhz/100mv 20.48e-09 39.86 5.58e-01 watt
1KHz/10V 5Mhz/500mv 19.65e-09 93.91 5.58e-01 watt
1KHz/10V 5Mhz/1V 21.28e-09 166.59 5.58e-01 watt
1KHz/10V 5Mhz/2V 12.77e-09 296.22 5.58e-01 watt
1KHz/10V 5Mhz/4V 8.822e-09 534.55 5.58e-01 watt
1KHz/10V 5Mhz/8V 16.79e-09 849.17 5.58e-01 watt
1KHz/10V 5Mhz/10V425.4e-12 1055.19 5.58e-01 watt
Figure 8: Output Waveform of 555 Timer It is clear from the previous results that the effect of EMI is Maximum between 5Mhz-30Mhz range of frequencies. Now EMI signal of 5Mhz is applied and the
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References
[1] O.Galip Saracoglu, Recai Kihe, A Simulation Study on EMI Effects in Autonomous Chua’s Chaotic Circuit,IEEE, 2003
[2] Graffi, S., Masetti, G. and Golzio, D., New Macromodels and Measurements for the Analysis of EM1 Effects in 741 Op-amp Circuits, IEEE Trans. On EMC, vol. 33, no 1, pp. 25-34, 1991.
[3] Florean, D., PineHi M. and Tomasin, P., Analysis of RFI Effects in Voltage Regulator ICs: Measurement Techniques, Picking Capability, Prediction and Protection Methods, 2000 IEEE lnt. Symp. On EMC, Washington D.C., August 2000.
[4] Florean, D., Marchiori, F., Pinelli M. and Tomasin, P.,Analysis of EMI Effects in Op-Amp IC's: Measurement Techniques and numerical prediction, 2001 IEEE Int. Symp. On EMC, Montreal, August 200 1.
[5] Richardson , R. E., Modeling of Low-Level Rectification RFI in Bipolar Circuiby, IEEE Trans. on EMC, vol. EMC-21, pp. 307-31 1, 1979.
[6] F. Fiori, V. Pozzolo, “On the Effects of RF in Voltage Regulator Integrated Circuits”, International Symposium on EMC, Zurich 1997.
[7] F. Fiori, V. Pozzolo, “On the Effects of RF on Bipolar Integrated Circuits”, International Symposium on EMC, Rome 1996.
[8] D. Golzio, S. Graffi, G. Masetti, “New macromodelfor the analysis of EM1 effects in LF355 Op-Amp circuits”, International Symposium on EMC, 1989.