ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE GIRDER WITH BEAM AND …€¦ · s calculated as per irc :6-2000 G STAAD PRO...

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2016, pp. 337–346, Article ID: IJCIET_07_05_038

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=7&IType=5

ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

© IAEME Publication

ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE GIRDER WITH BEAM AND

WITHOUT BEAM

Kalpana Mohan

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering,

Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai.

S. P. Vijay Kumar

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering,

Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai.

ABSTRACT

Bridge girder material, size, shape and selection are based on engineering and economic

criteria. Steel concrete composite construction has gained wide acceptance as an alternative to

pure steel and pure concrete construction, there is no need for formwork because the steel beam is

able to sustain the self-weight of steel and concrete with few temporary props.In this paper, we

present analysis and results of steel and steel reinforce bridge girders, based on STAAD Pro

analysis and manual analysis.8 combinations of bridge girders as given below are taken and

compared:

RCC 0.5*1 WITH OUT BEAM

RCC 0.5*1 WITH BEAM

RCC 0.4*0.8 WITH OUT BEAM

RCC 0.4*0.8 WITH BEAM

RCC I SHAPE WITH OUT BEAM flange size 0.9m x 0.15m and web size is 0.3m x 0.3m

RCC I SHAPE WITH BEAM

STEEL I SHAPE WITH OUT BEAM flange size 0.9m x 0.15m and web size is 0.3m x 0.3m total

height of i girder is 0.6m

STEEL I SHAPE WITH BEAM

The analysis was conducted between steel girders and reinforced concrete bridge girders.

Based on the design calculations, effect of each girder with respect to shear, bending moment, dead

load, live load, deflection and most importantly cost of each combination is analysed.

Keywords: Bridge girder, beam , STAAD Pro etc.

Cite this Article: Kalpana Mohan and S. P. Vijaykumar, Analysis of Bridge Girder with Beam and

without Beam. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(5), 2016, pp.337–346.

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Analysis of Bridge Girder with Beam and without Beam


1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Bridge

A Bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles without closing the way underneath such as a body

of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. There are many different

designs that each serve a particular purpose and apply to different situations. Designs of bridges vary

depending on the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed and

anchored, the material used to make it, and the funds available to build it.

Types of bridges:

• Girder bridges

• Arc bridges

• Truss bridges

• Suspended bridges

• Prestressed bridges

• Rigid Frame Bridges

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

Various journals and thesis were refereed and the design aspects were studied. Variable parameters such as

Depth of web, thickness of web, width of flange and span of bridges are the variable parameters considered

during the design of plate Girder Bridge. Plate girder bridge is designed as per the Limit state method

using the IS 800:2007, IRC: 24-2000 and analysed bySAP-2000. Basically the Indian standards are derived

from the British Standards. With depth of web to thickness of Web ratio remains the same, flange area

varies as per the variation of span.

The behaviour of concrete bridge decks reinforced with newly developed high-performance (HP) steel

t is characterized by its high strength and enhanced corrosion-resistance in comparison with conventional

ASTM A6JS-06 Grade 60 steel. A nonlinear finite element model was used to predict the mode of failure

and failure loads. Specially-designed specimens were studied to know the effect of bending of HP steel

bars on their tensile strength.

3. METHODOLOGY

3.1. Girder Bridge

A girder bridge, in general, is a bridge that uses girders as the means of supporting the deck. A bridge

consists of three parts: the foundation (abutments and piers), the superstructure (girder, truss, or arch), and

the deck. A girder bridge is very likely the most commonly built and utilized bridge in the world. Its basic

design, in the most simplified form, can be compared to a log ranging from one side to the other across a

river or creek. In modern girder steel bridges, the two most common shapes are plate girders and box-

girders. The term "girder" is often used interchangeably with "beam" in reference to bridge design.

3.2. Different Types of Girder in Bridge

According to shape:

Box Shape, I Shape, T Shape, C Shape

According to length of bridge:

Culvert bridge(less than 6 m) , Minor bridge(less than 6 m-60m), Major bridge(more than 60 m), Long

span bridge(more than 120 m)

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3.3. Input of Bridge

• Length of bridge =15m

• Width of carriage bridge=8.550m

• Width of footpath = 1.5m

• Total width =11.550m

• Thickness of deck slab =0.225m

• Thickness of wearing coat=0.075m

• Number of girders=4

• Spacing of main girder =2.850m

3.4. Unit Weights & Loads

• reinforced cement concrete =40kn/m3

• wearing coat = 22kn/m3

• structural steel =78.5 kn/m3

• steel used fe 415

• irc class aa& class a wheeled load

• if span 7.5m to 30m

• where p’=400 or500kg/m2 from sub class 209.1 irc6

• formula cal. for ll for footpath =4.5kn/m

4. STEP 1: ANALYSIS OF BRIDGES USIN

4.1. Rectangular Girder size 0.5 x 1 m with

It is similar to rectangular 0.5 x 1m without beam. Beams are placed at starting point of bridge and ending

point of bridge that is zero meter and 15 meter

beam sizes 0.25 * 0.5m. Property of cross beam is recta

given in bridge as given before for without beam

Figure 3.3 Deflection of Rectangular girder s

Kalpana Mohan and S. P. Vijaykumar

iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 339

Width of carriage bridge=8.550m

=0.225m

Thickness of wearing coat=0.075m

Spacing of main girder =2.850m

reinforced cement concrete =40kn/m3

irc class aa& class a wheeled loads calculated as per irc :6-2000

where p’=400 or500kg/m2 from sub class 209.1 irc6

formula cal. for ll for footpath =4.5kn/m

YSIS OF BRIDGES USING STAAD PRO

ize 0.5 x 1 m with Beam (1 way)

lar to rectangular 0.5 x 1m without beam. Beams are placed at starting point of bridge and ending

point of bridge that is zero meter and 15 meter. In Rectangular 0.5 * 1m Sizes Girder having the cross

Property of cross beam is rectangular and material is concrete

given in bridge as given before for without beam

Deflection of Rectangular girder size 0.5 x 1 m with beam (1 way)

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lar to rectangular 0.5 x 1m without beam. Beams are placed at starting point of bridge and ending

In Rectangular 0.5 * 1m Sizes Girder having the cross

ngular and material is concrete. Similar load are

ize 0.5 x 1 m with beam (1 way)



Figure 3.4 Bending moment of Rectangular girder size 0.5 x 1 m with beam (1 w

Figure 3.5 Shear force of Rectangular girder size 0.5 x 1 m with beam (1 way)

4.2. Rectangular Girder size 0.4 x 0.8 m without

It is similar to Rectangular girder size of 0.5 x 1 m withou

changed.Width of the girder is 0.4 meter and de

combination is similar. Here also 25

moment and Shear force is changed compare with the rect 0.5 x 1m

Figure 3.6 4 displacement of Rectangular girder size 0.4 x 0.8 m without beam


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Bending moment of Rectangular girder size 0.5 x 1 m with beam (1 w

Shear force of Rectangular girder size 0.5 x 1 m with beam (1 way)

r size 0.4 x 0.8 m without Beam

similar to Rectangular girder size of 0.5 x 1 m without beam. Here only gi

he girder is 0.4 meter and depth of the girder is 0.8 meters.

Here also 250 load combination is generated. Values of Deflection, bending

moment and Shear force is changed compare with the rect 0.5 x 1m.

displacement of Rectangular girder size 0.4 x 0.8 m without beam


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Bending moment of Rectangular girder size 0.5 x 1 m with beam (1 way):

Shear force of Rectangular girder size 0.5 x 1 m with beam (1 way)

Here only girder size in y axis is

pth of the girder is 0.8 meters. Supports and vehicle load

Values of Deflection, bending

displacement of Rectangular girder size 0.4 x 0.8 m without beam


Figure 3.7 bending of Rectangular girder size 0.4 x 0.8 m without beam

`

Figure 3.8 Shear of Rectangular girder size 0.4 x 0.8 m without beam

4.3. Rectangular Girder size 0.4 x

It is similar to Rectangular girder size 0.5 x 1 m with beam (1 way) only size of girder and beam is

changed.

4.4. I Shaped RCC Girder without

Girder in y axis property as taper I shaped in t

height is 0.6 m.Moving load are taken from IRC 6:2000 code book

given before for without beam.

Fig



bending of Rectangular girder size 0.4 x 0.8 m without beam

Shear of Rectangular girder size 0.4 x 0.8 m without beam

e 0.4 x 0.8 m with Beam (1 way)


irder without Beam

Girder in y axis property as taper I shaped in that give flanged as 0.9 x 0.15m

Moving load are taken from IRC 6:2000 code book. Similar load

Figure 3.9 Displacement of I shaped rcc girder

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bending of Rectangular girder size 0.4 x 0.8 m without beam

Shear of Rectangular girder size 0.4 x 0.8 m without beam


hat give flanged as 0.9 x 0.15m and web 0.3 x 0.3 and total

Similar loads are given in bridge as



Fig

4.5. I Shaped RCC Girder with

It is similar to I shaped Rcc girder without beam. Beams are pl

point of bridge that is zero meter and 15 meter.

0.15m. Similar load are given in bridge a

Bending Moment ,Shear force at 205,211, 148 combinations respectively

Figure 3.12


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Figure 3.10 Bending of I shaped rcc girder

Figure 3.11 shear of I shaped rcc girder

irder with Beam (1 way)

shaped Rcc girder without beam. Beams are placed at starting point of bridge and ending

hat is zero meter and 15 meter. Cross Beam sized in I Shape

Similar load are given in bridge as given before for without beam. Take Maxmium

Bending Moment ,Shear force at 205,211, 148 combinations respectively.

3.12 Displacement I shaped rcc girder with beam (1 w


[email protected]

aced at starting point of bridge and ending

Cross Beam sized in I Shaped RCC girder size of 0.3 *

Take Maxmium Deflection ,

Displacement I shaped rcc girder with beam (1 way)


Figure 3.13

Figure

4.6. I Shaped Steel Girder without

It similar to I shaped rcc girder only mat

taper I shaped select material as steel in staadpro.

girder. Take MaxmiumDeflection , Bending Moment ,Shear force at 205,211, 148 combinations

respectively.Values of deflection, bending mome

4.7. Shaped Steel Girder with

It is similar to I shaped rcc girder with beam (1 way)

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSI

In this results and discussion the values for Deflection, Bending moment an

staad pro. Maximum Deflection o

combination number:211. Maximum Shear force oc

without beam and beam (one way) have approximately values

Because in 15 meter span we are giving cross

0 to 5m and 10 to 15m then deflection, bending moment, shear at 5 to 10m it

beam and beam



3.13 Bending I shaped rcc girder with beam (1 way)

ure 3.14 shear I shaped rcc girder with beam (1 way)

irder without Beam

It similar to I shaped rcc girder only material has been changed to steel. All modelling are same in

material as steel in staadpro.Moving load and loading everying is same to I

Take MaxmiumDeflection , Bending Moment ,Shear force at 205,211, 148 combinations

Values of deflection, bending moment and shear force is similar to I shaped rcc girder.

irder with Beam (1 way)

It is similar to I shaped rcc girder with beam (1 way).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

In this results and discussion the values for Deflection, Bending moment and Shear force is taken from the

Maximum Deflection occur at combination number 205. Maximum Bending moment oc

Maximum Shear force occur at combination number

way) have approximately values. All these values are in dynamic conditions

Because in 15 meter span we are giving cross beam at 5 m and 10m distance. When moving load is at from

0 to 5m and 10 to 15m then deflection, bending moment, shear at 5 to 10m it

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Bending I shaped rcc girder with beam (1 way)

shear I shaped rcc girder with beam (1 way)

All modelling are same in property

Moving load and loading everying is same to I shaped rcc

Take MaxmiumDeflection , Bending Moment ,Shear force at 205,211, 148 combinations

to I shaped rcc girder.

d Shear force is taken from the

Maximum Bending moment occur at

cur at combination number:148. From the above values

All these values are in dynamic conditions.

When moving load is at from

0 to 5m and 10 to 15m then deflection, bending moment, shear at 5 to 10m it become lesser than without



Table 4.1 Values Form Staad pro Rectangular 0.5 X 1m sized girder

DEFLECTION

BENDING MOMENT

SHEAR

DESCRI

P

TION

COMB

INATIO

N

G

1

G2

G3

G4

G

1

G2

G3

G4

G

1

G2

G3

G4

WITHOU

T

0 3.10

9

32.51

4

14.34

6

0 130.09

9

1360 600.36

7

0 -

29.82

2

-

311.96

8

-

137.63

6

1 WAY 205 0 3.12

9

32.73

8

14.44

3

0 130.76 1370 603.51

0

0 -

29.82

2

-

311.97

9

-

137.63

6

WITHOU

T

211 0 3.11

7

32.60

4

14.38

4

0 132.88

0

1390 613.29

4

0 -

32.11

0

-

335.91

5

-

148.19

8

1 WAY 0 3.11

7

32.60

4

14.38

4

0 132.88

1

1390 613.29

4

0 -

32.11

0

-

335.91

5

-

148.19

8

WITHOU

T

148 0 2.17

5

22.77

5

10.03

9

0 83.814 876.82

1

386.83

3

0 -

42.35

7

-

443.12

4

-

195.49

6

1 WAY 0 2.17

5

22.77

5

10.03

9

0 83.814 876.82

1

386.83

3

0 -

42.35

7

-

443.12

4

-

195.49

6

Table 4.2 Values Form Staad pro Rectangular 0.4 X 0.8m sized girder

DESCRI

PTION

COM

BIN

ATION

DEFLECTION

BENDING MOMENT

SHEAR

C0N

CRETE

.8x0.4

G

1

G2 G3 G4 G

1

G2 G3 G4 G

1

G2 G3 G4

WITHOU

T

205 0 7.64 79.92

7

35.

260

0 130.760 137

0

603.510 0 -

29.82

2

-

311.97

9

-

137.36

8

1 WAY 0 7.640 79.92

7

35.

262

0 130.760 137

0

603.510 0 -

29.82

2

-

311.97

9

-

137.36

8

WITHOU

T

211 0 7.609 79.60 35.

118

0 132.880 139

0

613.294 0 -

32.11

0

-

335.95

5

-

148.19

8

1 WAY 0 7.609 79.60 35.

118

0 132.880 139

0

613.294 0 -

32.11

0

-

335.95

5

148.19

8

WITHOU

T

148 0 5.31

0

55.55

3

25.50

9

0 83.814 876.82

0

386.83

2

0 42.35

7

443.12

4

195.49

6

1 WAY 0 5.31

0

55.55

3

25.50

9

0 83.814 876.82

8

386.83

2

0 42.35

7

443.12

4

195.49

6



Table 4.3 Values Form Staad pro I shaped rcc girder

DES

CRI

PTION

CO

M

BIN

ATI

ON

DEFLECTION

BENDING MOMENT

SHEAR

I SHAPE G1 G2 G3 G4 G1 G2 G3 G4 G1 G2 G3 G4

WITH

OUT

205 0 8.78

1

91.85

8

40.5

26

0 130.

760

1370 603.5

09

0 -

29.82

2

-311.979 -

137.6

38

1 WAY 0 8.78

1

91.85

8

40.5

26

0 130.

762

1370 603.5

10

0 -

29.82

2

-311.976 -

137.6

38

WITHO

UT

211 0 8.74

5

91.48

2

40.3

60

0 132.

880

1390 613.2

93

0 -

32.11

0

-335.915 -

148.1

98

1 WAY 0 8.74

5

91.48

1

40.3

60

0 132.

882

1390 613.2

95

0 -

32.11

0

-335.915 -

148.1

98

WITH

OUT

0 6.10

3

63.84

6

28.1

67

0 83.8

15

876.8

20

386.8

33

0 42.35

7

443.124 195.4

96

1 WAY 148 0 6.10

3

63.84

5

28.1

67

0 83.8

15

876.8

18

386.8

33

0 42.35

7

443.124 195.4

96

• From the above values without beam and beam (one way) has approximately values

• Because in 15 meter span we are giving cross beam at 5 m and 10m distance.

When moving load is at from 0 to 5m and 10 to 15m then deflection , bending moment, shear at 5

to 10m it become lesser than without beam and beam.

Table 4.4 Values Form Staad pro I shaped steel girder

DES

CRI

PTIO

N

COM

BIN

ATIO

N

DEFLECTION BENDING MOMENT SHEAR

I

SHAP

E

STEEL

G

1

G2 G3 G4 G

1

G2 G3 G4 G

1

G2 G3 G4

WITH

OUT

205 0 0.93

0

9.73

2

4.29

3

0 130.76

1

1370 603.51

0

0 29.82

2

311.97

9

137.63

8

1

WAY

0 0.93

0

9.73

2

4.29

3

0 130.76

1

1370 603.51

0

0 29.82

2

311.97

9

137.63

8

WITH

OUT

211 0 0.92

6

9.69

2

4.27

6

0 132.88

1

1390 613.29

5

0 -

32.11

0

-335.91 -

148.19

8

1

WAY

0 0.92

6

9.69

2

4.27

6

0 132.88

1

1390 613.29

5

0 -

32.11

0

-335.92 -

148.19

8



WITH

OUT

148 0 0.64

7

6.76

4

2.98

4

0 83.814 876.82

2

386.83

3

0 42.35

7

443.12

4

195.49

6

1

WAY

0 0.64

7

6.76

4

2.98

4

0 83.814 876.82

1

386.83

3

0 42.35

7

434.75

4

195.49

6

6. CONCLUSION

Different arrangement of deck slab with girder was taken like, beams at edges taken as one way slab and

beams in between making deck slab two way. Having analysis the same for different cases. Bending

moment is higher in girder without beam and one way deck slab. Similarly, Rectangular shaped girder 0.4

x 0.8 m section has the same behaviour as mentioned above with different values. When comparing the

rectangular shaped girder 0.5 x 1m and 0.4 x 0.8 m, 0.4 x 0.8 m has more deflection which is a

disadvantage. In I section, deflection is more when compared to Rectangular 0.5 x 1 m section and Rcc 0.4

x 0.8 m section. And the I section steel girder has less deflection when compared to all types of girders.

With normal IRC loading bridge with girder spacing of 2.850m with span of 50 m the working load in

bending moment the order of 1600-1800 kN.m and shear force values comes in the order of 400-450 kN.

Where as per the staad pro terms 1390 & 440 it appears to be reasonable. From the above discussions, it

is concluded that composite steel section is good when compared to Rcc, because maintenance of

composite section is easy, construction time is faster and it also withstands high amount of load.

REFERENCE

[1] Construction of Maltekadi Railway Over Bridge On Mini Bypass Road Link Road MSH2 Nanded City

Navi Mumbai. Design of PSC I Girder. (SPAN 14.132M c/c Piers).

[2] Comparison of Design Standards for Steel Railway Bridges(Midhun B Sankar,Priya A Jacob)

[3] STEEL VERSUS STEEL-REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGES : By Arpad Horvath and Chris

Hendrickson

[4] Are Reinforced Concrete Girder Bridges More Economical Than Structural Steel Girder Bridges(Trevor

Haas:dept civil)

[5] Azmat Hussain, Saba Bashir and Saima Maqbool, Damage Detection in Bridges using Image

Processing. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 7(2),2016, pp.215–

225.

[6] Analysis of Plate Girder Bridge for Class-AA Loadings. Authors Mr.Shivraj D. Kopare ,Prof. K. S.

Upase

[7] Behavior of Concrete Bridge Decks Reinforced with High-Performance Steel(by Hatem M. Seliem,

Gregory Lucier, Sami H. Rizkalla; and Paul Zia)

[8] Patil M.B, Y.P.Pawar, S.S.Kadam, D.D.Mohite, S.V. Lale, C.M. Deshmukh and C.P. Pise, Analysis and

Comparative Study of Composite Bridge Girders. International Journal of Civil Engineering and

Technology (IJCIET), 7(3),2016, pp.354–364.

[9] T.R Jagadeesh, M.A.JAYARAM, Design of bridge structure 2009

[10] AmarjitAggarwal and A.K. Upadhyay , civil estimating, costing and valuation , 7 th edition, 2008

[11] S.C.Rangwala, K.S.Rangwala, civil estimating, costing and valuation ,17th edition, 2015

[12] Analysis & Design of 46m composite span for ROBs at Chainage km:8+981 & km 3+477. Simhapuri

Expressway Limited KMC – BSCPL (Consortium) , Banjara Hills, Hyderabad

ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE GIRDER WITH BEAM AND …€¦ · s calculated as per irc :6-2000 G STAAD PRO...

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