Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Reservoir
Transcript of Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Reservoir
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Analysisanddesignofreinforcedconcretereservoir
foracapacityof115m3
Translated and Presented By: Civilax.com
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Analysis and design of reinforced concrete reservoir
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DESIGNOFASUPPORTEDFORRESERVOIRCAPACITY115m3
1. General
Information.
1.1. Geometry.
Type: a reservoir for storing water for human consumption shall be deemed,
under section 2.1.1 ACI 350.3-01 circular tank
is classified as reinforced concrete slab with
free wall-no-Flexible 2.2 (1).
Volume : Storage equal to 115 cubic meters.
Radio : Interior (D) of 7.00 m.
Alturas : Effective water storage height (Hl) equal to
3.00 m.
Depth buried (He) equal to 1.00
meters.
Height Total of wall (HW) equal to 4.00
m.
Arrow design for the dome (Fc) equal to
Light over 10 thus 7.00 / 10 =
0.70 meters.
Thickness of walls : tw = 0.20 meters.
Thickness of the Dome : Ce = 0.10 meters with a widening 0.15
meters at 1 meter from the dome-wall junction.
Thickness of Foundation : Hz = 0.25 meters.
Flown Foundation : v = 0.50 meters.
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1.2. Materials.
Strength of Concrete : f'c = 210 Kg / cm2at 28 days.
It's Concrete : According to ACI 350M-01 section 8.5.1 =
15100 f ' c= 218819.79 Kg / cm2.steel fy : 4200 Kg / cm
2.
1.3. Used regulations.
Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures (ACI
350M-01) And Commentary (ACI 350RM-01), ACI Committee 350 Reported By.
Seismic Design of Liquid-Containing Concrete Structures (ACI 350.3-01)
and Commentary (350.3R-01), Reported by ACI Committee 350.
Design Considerations for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures
(ACI 350.4R-04), Reported by ACI Committee 350.
Concrete Structures for Containment of Hazardous Materials (ACI 350.2R-
04), Reported by ACI Committee 350.
Tightness Testing of Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures (ACI
350.1-01) and Commentary (350.1R-01), Reported by ACI Committee 350.
Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures (ACI 350.R-89), Reported
by ACI Committee 350.
Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318M-08) and
Commentary, ACI Committee 318 Reported by.
Technical Standard for Buildings "Earthquake-resistant Design" E-030.
2.Analysis (according Methodology Appendix A of ACI 350.3-01).
2.1. Static Seismic Analysis.
The results presented were evaluated in Excel spreadsheets and Sap2000
program.
Calculation of Effective Mass, according to ACI 350.3-01 Section 9.5.2:
M uro weight(Ww) + Dome weight(Wr) 5466.34kg
M uro weight(Ww) 4330.55kg
Dome weight(Wr) 1135.79kg
Interiordiameter(D ) 7.00m
EffectiveLiquidheight (Hl) 3.00m
Effective loop coeff icientM () (for DeadWeight) 0.66
EffectiveloopM(We)(byDeadWeight) 3985.34kg
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Calculation of Effective Mass of the stored liquid, impulsive component
(Wi) and convective component (Wc) as ACI 350.3-01 Section 9.3.1:
MTotalLiquidhandleacenadoAlm(Wl) 115000.00kg
D/Hl
2.33
Wi/Wl 0.48
Wc/Wl
0.49
EquivalentWeightrapporteurCo mIm pu ls iv aW i 54946.11kg
EquivalentWeightrapporteurCo mConvectiveWc 56665.44kg
Calculating the combined natural vibration frequency (wi) of the structure
and the liquid stored impulsive component as ACI 350.3-01 section 9.3.4
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Hl/D 0.43
Coef. Fo rdet.FrequencyFund. Tank l iquid (Cw) 0.156
Muro thickness(tw) 0.20m
Innerri mradius R 3.50m
Coef. Fo rdet.FrequencyFund. Tank l iquid (Cl) 0.373
Resistance to pre ssur eCom Concrete (f'c) 210.00kg/cm
Moduleofelasticityofconcrete(Ec) 21458.90MPa
Concretedensity(c) 2.40kN.S2/m
Freq.Circ.Th em od e vibration compulsive im (wi) 371.92rad/
Fundper io d. Rocking Tank+Co m p. Im compulsive (Ti) 0.0169s
Calculate the frequency of vibration of the convective component (wc) as
ACI 350.3-01 Section 9.3.4:
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Ac ce le ra ti on dueto gravity(g ) 9.81m/s2
10,426
Freq.circularvibration pr im erm convective pe ri od(wc) 3.94rad
/
s
Naturalpe ri odofpr im erm convective pe ri od(Tc) 1.59s
Parameters for Calculating Seismic Force as ACI 350.3-01 NTE section 4.2
and E-030:
The area factor corresponding to the Seismic Zone ACI 350.3 is similar to
the values specified in the NTE E-030 Section 2.1. Being in the high hazard
area shall be taken as Zone 3 with an acceleration of 0.30 g (NTE as E-
030), which is equivalent to Zone 4 ACI 350.3-01.
As for the parameter value of the soil, according to NTE 030 E-Type S3
corresponds to a value of 1.4, this time also the value is very similar to
that proposed by ACI 350.3-01.
The NTE E-030, ranks as reservoirs Essential Building (A) that corresponds
to the factor 1.5. NTE is seen that the E-030 does not have categories for
major reservoirs such as ACI 350.3-01, which categorizaramos this model in
the second type corresponding to reservoirs intended to remain in use for
emergency purposes in seismic events. For this model we use the highest
value of 1.5.
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The Sharpe ratio Response Modification or seismic force reduction if we
used the NTE E-030 would have a value of 6, as in the previous parameter,
we see that the ACI 350.3-01 delivery values for different types of
reservoirs, and more NTE restrictive than the E-030. AL factors needed for
impulsive and convective components will use the values Rwi Rwc = 2.75 and
= 1.00 (type b).
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Calculating spectral amplification factors Ci and Cc, as ACI 350.3-01
section 4.2:
Co ef f ic ien t rep res en tin gt he c h a ra c teris t ic soft he s o i l (S ) 1.40
Spectralamplification fa ct orAm fo rm ov . HorizontalCi 1.96
Spectralamplification fa ct orAm fo rm ov . HorizontalCc 1.37
Calculation of the maximum displacement of the liquid contents (dmax) as
ACI 350.3-01 Section 7.1:
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Factorzo ne (Z ) 0.40
Im importance fa ct or (I ) 1.50
MarginShiftMaxim um en tVerticalliquidcontent(d max ) 4.04m
Calculate the height of the center of gravity location of impulsive and
convective components as ACI 350.3-01 Section 9.3.2:
hi/Hl 0.375
HeightatcenterofG ravedadofComp. Im pu ls iv a (hi) 1.13m
hc/Hl 0.58
HeightatcenterofG ravedadofComp. Convective (hc) 1.75m
Calculation of dynamic lateral forces, according to ACI 350.3-01 Section
4.1.1:
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Factorzone (Z ) 0.40
Im importancefa ctor(I ) 1.50
Coeffic ientrepresenting th e characteristicsofth e soi l (S ) 1.40
Coef. From MENDMENT Im pu ls iv as ResponseForces (Rwi) 2.75
Coef. From MENDMENTConvectiveResponseForces (Rwc) 1.00
Effective WeightTankM uro (.Ww) 2849.55kg
DomeTankweight(Wr) 1135.79kg
EquivalentWeightrapporteurComIm pu ls iv a Wi 54946.11kg
EquivalentWeightrapporteurComConvective Wc 56665.44kg
Spectralamplificationfa ctorAm fo rmov .HorizontalCi 1.96
Spectralamplificationfa ctorAm fo rmov .HorizontalCc 1.37
InertialForceLateralAc ce le ra tion ofMuro(Pw) 1709.73
LateralAc ce lera tion InertialForceDome (Pr) 681.47
LateralForcepu ls iva Im (Pi) 32967.67kg
ConvectiveLateralForce(Pc) 65390.96kg
2.2. Horizontal Dynamic Spectral Analysis.
Initial Parameters and Formulation of Inelastic Spectra:
The following values specified in the static analysis will be taken:
Factorzone (Z ) 0.40
Im importancefa ct or(I ) 1.50
Coeffic ientrepresenting th e characteristicsofth e soi l (S ) 1.40
Coef. From MENDMENTIm pu ls iv as ResponseForces (Rwi) 2.75
Coef. From MENDMENTConvective ResponseForces (Rwc) 1.00
Spectralamplificationfa ct orAm fo rmov .HorizontalCi 1.96
Spectralamplificationfa ct orAm fo rmov .HorizontalCc 1.37
The Design Spectrum for assessing inertial forces produced by the wall +
dome + impulsive component, will be as follows.
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The Spectrum Design for Convective Component shall:
For both parameters records were taken Static Analysis.
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Modeling the Impulsive and convective mass:
Criteria developed by Housner, GW which can be found in "Dynamic Pressure
on Fluid Containers", Technical Information (TID) Document 7024, Chapter 6,
and Appendix F, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1963. This model gives good
approximation take compared to more sophisticated models such as that
presented Graham and Rodriguez (1952).
A three dimensional model is built and a hub are assigned to map the
impulsive component weight (W = 54.95 Tn) to a hi (1.13 m) tall. Knots hi
level were modeled to have the same displacement and Wi simulate the mass
moving with the tank walls. The first mode of vibration obtained was
0.1955s, 0.0169s compared to that obtained in the calculation of Ti.
The convective component was modeled with Wc = 56.67 tons weight, a
height hc (1.75 m). This weight will be attached to the walls of tank
24 springs, which have a stiffness of 11.35 t / m; This causes the weight
to interact with the walls of the tank. The first vibration mode which is
obtained without considering the contribution of the tank walls, was 1.29s
1.59s compared to that obtained in the Tc calculation.
2.3. Push Soil Dynamics.
The soil mass involved in an earthquake is calculated by the method of
Pseudo force. The weight for the calculation of the mass of soil is
considered acting for a length equal to the diameter divided by the
reservoir area of each tributary of the wall section. Will be modeled to a
height of 0.3 H of the base of the wall.
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According Monobe-Okabe:
DensityofSoil () 1100.00kg/m
Depthofth e reservoir is buried(hz) 1.00m
Muro inclination() 0.00
Soil Friction An gl e () 17.00
Friction angle between Mur o andSoil () 12.75
Incl ineSoil Slope() 0.00
tomax 0.20g
11.31
Kae 0.73
Weightpe rm handle soil 2804.49kg
Weight interactingZI SC i/Rw i(Pb) 1682.69kg
2.4. Uploads Dead Weight, Live Loads, Pressure Water and Soil Active Push.
The loads by weight own be the that provide the walls the
reservoir and the roof.
As overhead design for minimum of 50 kg/m2 on the dome of the reservoir
will be assigned.
Water pressure is modeled using all the contour of the walls of the
reservoir as the thrust forces from
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active soil. Ture in both until they are, 3.00 m for water and 1.00 m to
the ground.
2.5. Summary of Structural Analysis
Calculation of Total Shear and Moment in the Base, as ACI 350.3-01 Section
4.1.2 and 4.1.3:
The base shear is equal to the sum of the inertial forces of the reservoir,
plus the forces promoting convective impulsive components, plus the force
produced by the mass of soil; the combination of these forces will be in
the discretion of the square root of the sum of squares.
AL IS AN IS AT E S T ICO
Total in baseshear(V ) 75153.54kg
Heightto centerofM ur o ravedadG (hw) 2.00
m
Heightto centerofth e Dome ravedadG (hr) 4.31m
HeightatcenterofG ravedadofComp. Im pu ls iv a (hi) 1.13m
HeightatcenterofG ravedadofComp. Convective (hc) 1.75m
Heightatth e location ofth e thrustfo rc e em soil(h z /3) 0.33m
MomentbyMuroacceleration(Pw) 3419.46kg m
MomentbyacceleratingtheDome(Pr) 2933.81kg m
MomentbyLateralForcepulsivaIm(Pi) 37088.63kg m
MomentbyLateralForceConvective(Pc) 114377.44kg m
MomentbyLateralForceGroundloopM(Pb) 560.90kg m
TotalMomentatthebase(Mb) 122549.76kg m
AL IS IS AN DIN M ICO
Total shear atth e base to 80% ofStaticAn al ys is 60122.83kg
Total shear atth e base to DynamicAn al ys is ic o (V ) 77938.30kg
Factorto scaleth edesignspectrum 9.81
De sp z to m e n t M a x im or
Rightshifttowardentanalysis 0.0083cm
Heightatwhich th e po in tis located 4.00m
Drift 0.0000571
Driftmaximum 0.007
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3. Design Parties Reservoir.
3.1.
Majorization Load Factors and Strength Reduction. According to ACI 350M-01
and ACI 318M-08.
In both codes are working with the recently published ACI 318M-
. 08 The following load combinations are indicated by the load factorsmajorization:
U = 1.4 (D + F)
U = 1.2 (D + F) + 1.6 (L + H) + Lr 0.5 U
= 1.2 D + 1.6 L + Lr
U = 1.2 D + E + L
U = 0.9 D + E
D = Dead Weight uploads, Dead Loads. L =
Loads Vivas.
Lr = Roof Loads.
H = Soil Pressure Loads.
F = Fluid Pressure Loads.
The reduction factors of resistance to:
Controlled Voltage = 0.9
Controlled compression spiral wire members = 0.75 Compression
Controlled, other types of reinforcement = 0.65
Shear and Torsion = 0.75
Seismic shear zones = 0.60
Boards and diagonal reinforcement beams = 0.85
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3.2. Design Dome Reservoir.
Shells and Folded Plates ACI 318M-08: the considerations listed in Chapter
19 shall take.
According to section 9.2.11, the design strength will be equal to 0.40 f'c.
The minimum amount to be provided pursuant to Section 7.12, equal to
0.0018. The reinforcement is provided to resist tensile stresses. Design
efforts for the action associated with membrane (normal and shear forces)
and the effort associated with the flexural (bending moments, torsion and
shear) should be verified.
The reinforcement is provided in two directions and in a single
layer. They first analyze the section of the dome of 0.10 m.
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The initial data are shown in the table below:
C design the pu's ode, e sp e so r = 1 0 cm
Yieldingsteel(fy) 4200.00kg/cm2
Resistance to pre ssu re Com Concrete (f'c) 210.00kg/cm2
Moduleofelasticityofconcrete(Ec) 218819.79
kg
/
cm
2
Thickness ofthe Dome 0.10m
Thickness pro medioDome,entareaensancham 0.125m
Com Resistance Design ofConcrete pre ssu re (f'dc) (19.2.11) 84.00kg/cm2
M in imum amountto (7 .1 2 ) 0.0018
DriveReductionFactor() 0.90
In both directions (radial and tangential) are worked with minimum amounts.
Review before the moments and shear effects was performed.
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Radialreinforcement(M em braneAct ion s)
EffortRadialDriveS11 5.85t/m2
Elementlengthto assess 0.50m
RadialForceDrive NDES1 165.00Kg
Steelarea required 0.044cm2
Ar ea ofsteelrequiredto m inim um 0.900cm2
Steelusedarea 0.900cm2
Diameterbar 3/8
Ba rarea 0.710cm2
Ba rNu mb er 1.27
Nu mb erofb a rs to us e 2.00
Separation 0.250m
Separation m axim um 0.450m
Using separation 0.250m
Rods ar epl ac ed3/[email protected]
IsioREVAMONMENTO YOUAND CO rtan
MomentM11(Radial) 10.00kg m
CantEfectico 0.065m
amountnecessary 0.00013
Ar ea ofsteelrequired 0.0000041cm2
Rods ar epl ac ed3/[email protected]
Sh ea rV13 (Radial) 0.79Kg
Sh ea rres is t in gt he pr op os eds ec tio n 1184.02Kg
Noneedforshearreinforcement
TangentialReinforcement(M em braneAct ion s)
TangentialEffortDriveS22 1.21t/m2
Elementlengthto assess 0.40m
TangentialForceDriveNDES2 0.59Kg
Steelarea required 0.000cm2
Ar ea ofsteelrequiredto m inim um 0.720cm2
Steelusedarea 0.720cm2
Diameterbar 3/8
Ba rarea 0.710cm2
Ba rNu mb er 1.01
Nu mb erofb a rs to us e 1.00
Separation 0.400m
Separation m axim um 0.450m
Using separation 0.400m
Rodsar epl ac ed3/[email protected]
IsioREVAMONMENTO YOUAND CO rtan
MomentM22(Tangential) 8.48kg m
CantEfectico 0.065m
amountnecessary 0.00013
Ar ea ofsteelrequired 0.0000051cm2
Rodsar epl ac ed3/[email protected]
Sh ea rV23 (Tangential) 15.47Kg
Sh ea rres is t in gt he pr op os eds ec tio n 947.22Kg
Noneedforshearreinforcement
The next step will be to design the widening area of the dome section shall
be calculated to an average thickness of 12.5 cm.
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C design the pu's ode, e sp e so r = 1 5cm
Yieldingsteel(fy) 4200.00kg/cm2
Resistanceto pressure Com Concrete (f'c) 210.00kg/cm2
Moduleofelasticityofconcrete(Ec) 218819.79kg/cm2
Thicknessprom edioDome,entareaensancham 0.125m
Com ResistanceDesignofConcretepre ssure(f'dc) (19.2.11) 84.00kg/cm2
M inim um amountto (7.12) 0.0018
DriveReductionFactor() 0.90
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Radialreinforcement(M em braneAct ion s)
EffortRadialDriveS11 42.29tons/
Elementlengthto assess 0.50m
RadialForceDrive Ndes1 1479.56Kg
Steelarea required 0.391cm2
Ar ea ofsteelrequiredto m inim um 1.125cm2
Steelusedarea 1.125cm2
Diameterbar 3/8
Ba rarea 0.710cm2
Ba rNu mb er 1.58
Nu mb erofb a rs to us e 2.00
Separation 0.250m
Separation m axim um 0.450m
Using separation 0.250m
Rods ar epl ac ed3/[email protected] YOUAND CO rtan
MomentM11(Radial) 6.39kg m
CantEfectico 0.065m
amountnecessary 0.00008
Ar ea ofsteelrequired 0.0000026cm2
Rods ar epl ac ed3/[email protected]
Sh ea rV13 (Radial) 3.34Kg
Sh ea rres is t in gt he pr op os eds ec tio n 1184.02Kg
Noneedforshearreinforcement
TangentialReinforcement(M em braneAct ion s)
TangentialEffortDriveS22 44.82tons/
Elementlengthto assess 0.90m
TangentialForceDriveNDES2 1285.20Kg
Steelarea required 0.340cm2
Ar ea ofsteelrequiredto m inim um 2,025cm2
Steelusedarea 2,025cm2
Diameterbar 3/8
Ba rarea 0.710cm2
Ba rNu mb er 2.85
Nu mb erofb a rs to us e 3.00
Separation 0.300m
Separation m axim um 0.450m
Using separation 0.200m
Rodsar epl ac ed3/[email protected]
IsioREVAMONMENTO YOUAND CO rtan
MomentM22(Tangential) 45.74kg m
CantEfectico
0.065
m
amountnecessary 0.00032
Ar ea ofsteelrequired 0.0268371cm2
Rodsar epl ac ed3/[email protected]
Sh ea rV23 (Tangential) 36.63Kg
Sh ea rres is t in gt he pr op os eds ec tio n 2131.24Kg
Noneedforshearreinforcement
3.3. Reservoir Design Wall (Walls).
Earthquake Resistant Structures Forces ACI 318M-08: the considerations
listed in Chapter 21 shall be taken.
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According to Table 1613.5.2 of the Standard IBC 2006, we classify the site
in category "D", and according to Table R21.1.1 of ACI 318 Chapter 21-M-08,
must comply with section 21.9.
The wall of a reservoir works to resist efforts membrane in the radial
direction, in the tangential direction is more important to the effects
produced by the moments and shear. The design is given for both the outside
and inside.
Design u ro M odel E x te rio r e sp e so r = 2 0 cm
Yieldingsteel(fy) 4200.00kg/cm2
Thickness ofthe Middlepro muro 0.200m
Resistance to pre ssu re Com Concrete (f'c) 210.00kg/cm2
Moduleofelasticityofconcrete(Ec) 218819.79kg/cm2
M in imum amountto (2 1 .9 .2 .1 ) 0.0025
DriveReductionFactor() 0.90
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Radialreinforcement(horizontal) in the Exterior(EquityMem brane)
EffortRadialDriveS11 79.93tons/
Elementlengthto assess 0.50m
RadialForceDrive Ndes1 3265.00Kg
Steelarea required 0.864cm2
Ar ea ofsteelrequiredto m inim um 2,500cm2
Steelusedarea 2,500cm2
Diameterbar 3/8
Ba rarea 0.710cm2
Ba rNu mb er 3.52
Nu mb erofb a rs to us e 3.00
Separation 0.167m
Separation m axim um 0.450m
Using separation
0.150m
Rods ar epl ac ed3/[email protected]
IsioREVAMONMENTO YOUAND CO rtan
MomentM11(Radial) 91.17kg m
CantEfectico 0.065m
amountnecessary 0.00116
Ar ea ofsteelrequired 0.376cm2
Rods ar epl ac ed3/[email protected]
Sh ea rV13 (Radial) 39.23Kg
Sh ea rres is t in gt he pr op os eds ec tio n 1872.10Kg
Noneedforshearreinforcement
Tangentialreinforcement(vertical) in the Exterior(M em braneAct ion s)
TangentialEffortDriveS22 128.75tons/
Elementlengthto assess 0.90m
TangentialForceDriveNDES2 5581.93Kg
Steelarea required 1,477cm2
Ar ea ofsteelrequiredto m inim um 4,500cm2
Steelusedarea 4,500cm2
Diameterbar 3/8
Ba rarea 0.710cm2
Ba rNu mb er 6.34
Nu mb erofb a rs to us e 7.00
Separation 0.129m
Separation m axim um 0.450m
Using separation 0.125m
Rods ar epl ac ed3/[email protected]
IsioREVAMONMENTO YOUAND CO rtan
MomentM22(Tangential) 813.74kg
m
CantEfectico 0.065m
amountnecessary 0.00610
Ar ea ofsteelrequired 3.57cm2
Rods ar epl ac ed3/[email protected] m
Sh ea rV23 (Tangential) 36.63Kg
Sh ea rres is t in gt he pr op os eds ec tio n 3369.79Kg
Noneedforshearreinforcement
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Radialreinforcement(horizontal) in the InnerFace(Mem brane Act ion s)
EffortRadialDriveS11 38.61tons/
Elementlengthtoassess 0.50m
RadialForce Drive Ndes1 3027.67Kg
Steelarea required 0.801cm2
Ar ea ofsteelrequiredto m inim um 2,500cm2
Steelusedarea 2,500cm2
Diameterba r 3/8
Ba rarea 0.710cm2
Ba rNumber 3.52
Numberofbarsto us e 4.00
Separation 0.125m
Separation maxim um 0.450m
Usingseparation
0.125
m
Rods ar epl ac ed3/[email protected]
IsioREVAMONMENTO YOUAN DCO rtan
MomentM11(Radial) 95.40kg m
CantEfectico 0.065m
amountnecessary 0.00121
Ar ea ofsteelrequired 0.394cm2
Rods ar epl ac ed3/[email protected]
ShearV13 (Radial) 40.38Kg
Shearresist ing th e pr op os edsect ion 1872.10Kg
Noneedforshearreinforcement
Tangentialreinforcement(vertical) in the InnerFace(M em braneAct ion s)
TangentialEffortDriveS22 129.32tons/
Elementlengthtoassess 0.90
m
TangentialForce Drive NDES2 5533.21Kg
Steelarea required 1,464cm2
Ar ea ofsteelrequiredto m inim um 4,500cm2
Steelusedarea 4,500cm2
Diameterba r 3/8
Ba rarea 0.710cm2
Ba rNumber 6.34
Numberofbarsto us e 7.00
Separation 0.129m
Separation maxim um 0.450m
Usingseparation 0.125m
Rods ar epl ac ed3/[email protected]
IsioREVAMONMENTO YOUAN DCO rtanMomentM22(Tangential) 813.74kg m
CantEfectico 0.065m
amountnecessary 0.00610
Ar ea ofsteelrequired 3.57cm2
Rods ar epl ac ed3/[email protected]
ShearV23 (Tangential) 2116.54Kg
Shearresist ing th e pr op os edsect ion 3369.79Kg
Noneedforshearreinforcement
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Sap2000 Comments to use:
It will work with the impulsive spectrum, for the weight of the convective component
will have to scale the values as this weight needs another spectrum and would be
evaluated in a separate model (separate the impulsive component and the inertial
forces of the reservoir), but to work it in the same model we will: Rwc / Rwc = 1.65
/ 0.6 = 2.75, so the weight will be 55,678 x Wc
2.75 = 155.83 corresponding to a value for the springs of 51.78 t / m.
Spectra values vary for impulsive and convective components, but working with the
peak values.