Analysing the Smart City Development in India(Defining Indicators & Smart City Ratings)

5th International Conferenceon

“Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering”

(ACEE - 2014)

Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi11th and 12th October, 2014

Omkar ParishwadArchitect , Urban Planner-Business Analyst

•Smart City Concepts• Evolution• Definition• Aim of the Paper- Focus points

•India’s Smart Initiatives• Phase-wise Development• Policies and Projects• ICT and Sustainable Development

•Smart Service delivery areas (ICT enabled)

• Water Supply Services• Waste Water Services• Solid Waste Management• Municipal Services• Revenue and Management

•Smart City Rating: Factors & Indicators•Conclusions

Contents

Logo Footer- slide no.

Smart City Concept

Earlier Cities: By-product of Industrialisation..

Today Cities: Nodes for Economic Growth..

Urban Development = Entrepreneurial environment + Quality of life

Smart City = Human and social capital and traditional and modern (ICT) communication

infrastructure fuel sustainable economic development and a high quality of life, with a wise

management of natural resources through participatory governance.

S = StandardizingM = MonitoringA = AccountingR = RethinkingT = Transforming

Smart City Concept

What is a smart city?

MobilityProductivity

Remote sensing

SafetyICT

Public TransportUrban Space

Emergency response

Smart meteringVideo surveillance

TeleworkingPublic managementE-

GovernmentTraffic control

Waste ManagementMunicipalitiesUniversities

Hospitals

TransparencyNo queues

Public servicesPrivate sectorSustainability

Energy Efficiency R & D

Renewable Energy

Climate Change Monitoring Water managementDisaster response

Smart City Concept

1. Indias’ Smart Urbanisation initiatives.

2. Analysing of major developments related to smart initiative in service

delivery across India.

3. Establishment of elaborate sections for parameterising Smart City

development, particular to Indian standards.

4. Deliberations or concise comparison of smart city development on Global

scenario.

5. Basing the conclusions on general line of action for Smart Urban Planning.

Analysing the Smart City Development in India(Defining Indicators & Smart City Ratings)

India's SMART initiatives..

Phase-wise evolution of good to Smart Indian Cities;

Smart City Development;• Social Capital: Infrastructure and wired connectivity for

information sharing (ICT)• Human Capital: Community intelligence, creating a competitive

environment for business led urban development.• Participatory Governance: Inclusive approach towards

sustainable cities.

India's SMART initiatives..

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM 1)B&D certification Property taxPayroll and personnel e-procurementBuilding plan approval Water and utility paymentsSWM Grievance systemTrade licenses Project and ward works.

National Mission Mode Project (NMMP): e-Gov guidelines were set for leading ICT enabled development. Large scale investments in the urban sector were initiated. For improving services, reducing costs, process time, productivity gains, etc. i.e. bettering urban governance and service delivery; ICT revolution had to be capitalized. ICT synergizing with the emerging technologies is transforming businesses and societies in a significant way.

Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC):ongoing

Sustainable Development

Potential savings from ICT application to energy savings in other sectorsSource: Alcatel-Lucent analysis of GeSI SMART 2020 data.

Cities consume 75% of the worlds energy and produce 80% of its greenhouse gas emissions. The vast majority of this comes from the burning of gasoline and diesel fuel for automobiles and trucks, with the remainder committed to the generation of electricity to heat, cool and light our homes and to run electrical appliances and other technology.How to manage this use of resources? – ICT based Energy - efficient Solutions!

Ene

rgy

cons

umpt

ion

Location & GPS Vehicle

Personal and medical devices.

Appliances Energy efficiency

Energy Savings +

Low Carbon Effect

Water Supply Waste water Solid Waste Management

Municipal Services

Revenue & Management

Water Resource Management

Distribution Management

Internal Business Process

Water Quality Management

Billing & Collection

Grievances Handling

Plant Management

Collection & Distribution

Billing and Collection

Internal Business Process

Grievance Handling

Attendance Monitoring

Bin Tracking System

Vehicle tracking System

Waste collection & Transfer

Treatment and Disposal

Internal Business Processing

Birth & Death Certificates

Building Plan Approval

Grievance Management

Utility Bills

Licenses

Traffic

Street Lights

Flooding

Property Tax

E-Procurement

Accounting System

Personnel Management

Source: Report on Indian Urban Infrastructure and Services:

ASCI, Hyd.

Smart Service delivery areas through ICT for Urban Management ..

India’s Service Delivery Sector.

Ensuring Urban Development..

Water efficiency through SCADA – PCMC

Smart toilets: sensor based community toilets - Trivandrum

Water SupplyDistribution and monitoring system thru GIS; Hydraulic modeling; Online water quality monitoring; Sustainable operations- metering and online billing, etc. are some of the successful systems implemented in Indian cities which can be listed under smart water supply services.

Waste WaterIntegration and automation of water treatment plant and sewerage systems, Enterprise resource planning (Oracle) system and grievance management funded under state projects and many local bodies.

Automatic meter reading Mumbai, Hyderabad

ICT Development

Smart mobility – HTRIMS, Hyderabad; Bangalore– Bicycle sharing program, Trivandrum– Bus information system over mobile

Ensuring Urban Development..

Solid waste information system GHMC

Solid Waste ManagementOff-site real time monitoring system, GIS and GPS enabled services, biometric attendance systems for sanitary workers, sensor based applications for smart solid waste management services.GPS and GPRS technologies through cell phone images are taken and stamped with time and location and put in public domain for scrutiny on real time basis thus improving the SWM service delivery.

Revenue and ManagementMunicipal e-revenue systems using GIS linked property database, Tulana: online application for service level benchmarking,, e-tendering, Dynamic integration of property registration and land records administration system, Comprehensive Public Works Management Information and Management system for PWD’s (State level) and many more advanced applications, catering to the smart service delivery in this sector.

Public Works Information and Management Services (PWIMS) in 7 States in India

Municipal ServicesIntegration of all operations of municipal corporation through GIS (land based services), Computerised building plan scrutiny and approvals, Standardized online citizen administration (GIS based), Traffic information system initiative and many others as smart governance in Urban bodies.Land being the base of all operations for municipal services, GIS mapping and integration of various databases was initiated in JnNURM1 for improving the services. Building Plan scrutiny and Approvals automation on a comprehensive level and its integration with GIS database accelerated the pace of development.

Building approval system – AutoDCR about 50 cities in India

Ensuring Urban Development..

Integration of services and governance Hyderabad

SMART Indicators

Smart Economy

Smart Governance

Smart People

Smart Mobility

Smart Environmen

t

Smart Living

Analysis: Compiled from all references..

Innovative Spirit R&D expenditure in % GDP

Employment Rate in knowledge-intensive sectors

Patent applications per inhabitant

Entrepreneurship Self-employment Rate

New business registered

Productivity GDP per employed person

Flexibility of labour market

Unemployment Rate

Proportion in part-time employment

International embeddedness

Air transport of passengers

Air Transport of freight

SMART Indicators

Smart Economy

Smart Governance

Smart People

Smart Mobility

Smart Environment Smart Living

Analysis: Compiled from all references..

Participation in Decision-making

City Representatives per resident

Political activity of inhabitants

Importance of politics for inhabitants

Share of female city representatives

Public and Social Services

Expenditure of municipal per resident in PPS

Share of children in day care

Satisfaction with quality of schools

Transparent governance

Satisfaction with transparency of bureaucracy

Satisfaction with fight against corruption

SMART Indicators

Smart Economy

Smart Governanc

e

Smart People

Smart Mobility

Smart Environmen

t

Smart Living

Analysis: Compiled from all references..

Level of Qualification Importance as knowledge centre

Population qualified at various levels

Foreign language skillsAffinity to life long learning Book loans per resident

Participation in LLL in %

Participation in language coursesSocial and ethnic plurality Share of foreigners

Share of nationals born abroad

Flexibility Perception of getting a new job

Creativity Share of people working in creative industriesCosmopolitanism/Open-mindedness/ Participation in public life

Voters turnout at elections, Participation in voluntary work

Immigration-friendly environment

Knowledge about other countries (Global reach)

SMART Indicators

Smart Economy

Smart Governanc

e

Smart People

Smart Mobility

Smart Environmen

t

Smart Living

Analysis: Compiled from all references..

Local/ International accessibility

Public transport network per inhabitant

Satisfaction with access/Quality - public transport

International accessibility

Availibility of ICT infrastructure

Computers in household

Broadband internet access in households

Sustainable, innovative and safe transport systems

Green mobility share (NMT)

Traffic safety

Use of economic cars

SMART Indicators

Smart Economy

Smart Governance

Smart People

Smart Mobility

Smart Environmen

tSmart Living

Analysis: Compiled from all references..

Attractive natural conditions

Sunshine hours

Green space share

Pollution Summer Smog (Ozone)

Particulate matter

Lower fatal chronic respiratory diseases per inhabitant

Environmental protection

Individual efforts on protecting nature

Opinions and awareness about nature

Sustainable resource management

Efficient use of water (per GDP)

Efficient use of electricity (per GDP)

SMART Indicators

Smart Economy

Smart Governanc

e

Smart People

Smart Mobility

Smart Environmen

t

Smart Living

Analysis: Compiled from all references..

Cultural facilities Cinema attendance per inhabitantMuseum visits per inhabitantTheatre attendance per inhabitant

Health conditions Life expectancyHospital beds per inhabitantDoctors per inhabitantSatisfaction with quality of health system

Individual Safety Crime rateDeath rate by assaultSatisfaction with personal safety

Housing Quality Share of housing fulfilling minimal standardsAverage living area per inhabitantStudents per inhabitantSatisfaction with access/quality- educational system

Touristic attractivity

Importance as tourist location (overnight, sights)Overnights per year per resident

Social cohesion Perception on personal risk of poverty

InferencesThe smart city development is more concerned with

making progress as concerns the smart indicators rather

than rating a city, which inevitably is a snapshot in time.

Consideration of different characteristics, factors and

parameters in a non-weighted way expresses that the

Urban Development is a complex process in different

dimensions and evaluation, finally depends on the actors,

their preferences and individual objectives.

A truly smart city may use the parameters and rating as a

tool to benchmark with other cities, and draw lessons from

better performing cities, perhaps resulting in policy transfer.

Smart city concept and rating presented in this paper

requires further research, alterations and improvements.

References

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Thank you for your attention..