Analyses of the EU Baseline SurveyAnalyses of the EU Baseline Surveyonon SalmonellaSalmonella in holdings with breeding pigs 2008in holdings with breeding pigs 2008on on SalmonellaSalmonella in holdings with breeding pigs, 2008in holdings with breeding pigs, 2008

Giusi AmoreZoonoses Unit, EFSA

ESCAIDE Conference 2010, ESCAIDE Conference 2010, 1111--13 November 201013 November 2010

OutlineOutline

EU baseline survey on the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in holdings with breeding pigs, 2008

Background

Objectives

Survey design

Results from Report A

Conclusions 

2

BackgroundBackground

Notification rates of zoonoses cases in humans, 2008

190,566Campylobacteriosis

1,594

3,159

8,346

131,468

Q fever

VTEC

Yersiniosis

Salmonellosis

ses

619

670

891

1,381

B ll i

Trichinellosis

Echinococcosis

Listeriosis

Zoon

os

4

107

619

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Rabies

Tuberculosis caused by M. bovis

Brucellosis

• 2008 EFSA’s opinion on source attribution for human salmonellosis from meat*– Poultry and pork meat important source of food‐borne salmonellosis

Notification rate per 100,000 population

3

*Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards ‘A QMRA on Salmonella in meat: source attribution for human salmonellosis from meat’, 2008

• EU baseline survey in slaughtered pigs, 2006‐2007

EU BS in breeding pigs, 2008EU BS in breeding pigs, 2008-- ObjectivesObjectives

o To estimate the prevalence of Salmonella in holdings with breeding pigs, at EU level as well as for each MSReport A p g ,

o To investigate the Salmonella serovar distribution and determine the most frequently occurring serovars in breeding pigs across the EU

pPublished 

December 2009

o To investigate the effects of potential factors associated with the Salmonella spp. in holdings with breeding pigs    Report part B: to be issued  on

December 2010

Harmonised sampling scheme Harmonised sampling scheme  results results comparable across countriescomparable across countries

EC Decision 2008/55/EC : EU BS survey on the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and MRSA in holdings with breeding pigs

24 Member States (MSs) and two non‐MSs (Norway and Switzerland) carried out  the survey. 

EU BS in breeding pigs, 2008EU BS in breeding pigs, 2008-- Survey designSurvey design

Target population: holdings harbouring 80% of breeding pig population (≥50 breeders)

Primary pig production: breeding holdings and production holdingsPrimary pig production: breeding holdings and production holdings 

Sampling in the holdings:Sampling in the holdings:

pooled faecal samples collected from 10 randomly selected pens of breeding pigs over six months of age

1,609 breeding holdings3,508 production holdingsT t l 51 170 l d f l l

g

5

Total 51,170 pooled faecal samples

• ISO 6579 Annex D method (ISO, 2007) : Detection of Salmonella spp. • At least one isolate from each positive sample was to be typed by NRL according to the Kaufmann‐White scheme

EU BS in breeding pigs, 2008EU BS in breeding pigs, 2008‐‐ Prevalence estimationPrevalence estimation

Prevalence of Salmonella infected holdings with breeding pigs, at EU and country‐specific level separately for breeding and production holdingscountry specific level, separately for breeding and production holdings

Four outcome variables: 

a) Positivity for SalmonellaSalmonella sppsppa) Positivity for SalmonellaSalmonella spp.spp.

b) Positivity for S.S. TyphimuriumTyphimurium

c) Positivity for S.S. DerbyDerby

d) Positivity for serovars other than serovars other than S.S. Typhimurium and/or Derby*Typhimurium and/or Derby*

MSMS‐‐levellevel prevalenceprevalence

• number of positive holdings out of the total number of sampled holdings 

EUEU‐‐levellevel prevalenceprevalence

• Weighted mean of the MS prevalences of Salmonella positive holdings hosting ≥50 breeding pigs

*do not include untypable Salmonella, '4,5,12:i:‐', '4,12:i:‐', '4,5,12:‐:‐‘

Proportion of Proportion of breeding holdingsbreeding holdings ≥≥ 50 breeders50 breederspopulation out of EU total in participating countries population out of EU total in participating countries 

Fraction of MS holdings out of the total EU holdings  weight for EU‐level prevalenceUsing only data from holdings with at least 50 breeding pigs, as the survey aims to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella positive holdings with at least 50 breeders (covering at least 80% of the total breeding pig population)

Higher fractions:

PL: 29.6%

NL: 9.8%

FR: 9.6%

ES: 8.8%

DE: 8%

Proportion of Proportion of production holdingsproduction holdings ≥≥ 50 breeders 50 breeders population out of EU total in participating countriespopulation out of EU total in participating countries

Higher fractions:

ES: 23%

DE: 22.4%

FR: 10 6%FR: 10.6%

PL: 7.2%

BE: 6.9%

Prevalence of Prevalence of SalmonellaSalmonella spp.spp.‐‐positivepositivebreeding holdingsbreeding holdings

IrelandNetherlands

Spain

EU prevalence: DenmarkPortugalCyprusFrance

ItalyUnited Kingdom

28.7% (95%CI: 26.3‐31.0)

Prevalence at country level:BelgiumLatvia

GermanyEU

HungaryLuxembourg

Prevalence at country level:ranged from 0 to 64% 

BulgariaAustriaPoland

Czech RepublicSlovakia

SwitzerlandBelgium

SloveniaLithuania

FinlandEstoniaSwedenBulgaria

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Norway

Prevalence of Salmonella positive holdings

Prevalence of Prevalence of SalmonellaSalmonella spp.spp.‐‐positivepositiveproduction holdingsproduction holdings

United KingdomIrelandSpain

Netherlands

EU prevalence:BelgiumFrance

DenmarkPortugal

ItalyUnited Kingdom

EU prevalence: 33.3% (95%CI: 30.9‐35.7)

SlovakiaGermany

LuxembourgHungary

LatviaEU

Prevalence at country level:ranged from 0 to 55.7% 

Lith iPoland

SloveniaSwitzerland

Czech RepublicCyprus

SwedenNorway

BulgariaEstoniaAustria

Lithuania

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Finland

Prevalence of Salmonella positive holdings

Prevalence of Prevalence of S. S. TyphimuriumTyphimurium‐‐positive positive breeding holdingsbreeding holdings

SpainDenmark

IrelandUnited Kingdom

EU prevalence:GermanyPortugalHungaryBelgium

NetherlandsSpain

EU prevalence: 7.8% (95%CI: 6.1‐9.5)

Czech RepublicAustria

SwitzerlandItaly

FranceEU

Prevalence at country level: ranged from 0 to 19.4%

Fi l dEstonia

LatviaSwedenSlovakia

Polandp

LuxembourgNorway

BulgariaSlovenia

LithuaniaFinland

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Cyprus

Prevalence of S. Typhimurium positive holdings

Prevalence of Prevalence of S. S. TyphimuriumTyphimurium‐‐positive positive production holdingsproduction holdings

SpainDenmarkPortugal

Ireland

EU prevalence:GItalyEU

NetherlandsUnited Kingdom

BelgiumSpain

EU prevalence: 6.6% (95%CI: 5.3‐7.9)

SwitzerlandLuxembourg

Czech RepublicSlovakia

FranceGermany

Prevalence at country level: ranged from 0 to 17.4%

NorwayLatvia

SloveniaBulgariaHungary

Poland

LithuaniaCyprusFinlandAustria

SwedenNorway

0 5 10 15 20

Estonia

Prevalence of S. Typhimurium positive holdings

SalmonellaSalmonella serovars frequency distributionserovars frequency distributionin in breedingbreeding holdingsholdings in the EU, and Switzerland, 2008. in the EU, and Switzerland, 2008. 

54 different serovars from 452 positive holdings ‐ Total isolates 1,303

MostMost frequentfrequentSalmonella Salmonella serovarsserovarsranked by positive holdings

(b): Proportion (%) of each specific Salmonella serovar out of the total isolates(c): Proportion (%) of holdings positive for each specific Salmonella serovar out of the total Salmonella‐positive holdings

SalmonellaSalmonella serovars frequency distributionserovars frequency distributionin in production production holdingsholdings in the EU, and Switzerland, 2008. in the EU, and Switzerland, 2008. 

88 different serovars from 950 positive holdings ‐ Total isolates 2,699

MostMost frequentfrequentSalmonella Salmonella serovarsserovarsk d b iti h ldiranked by positive holdings

(b): Proportion (%) of each specific Salmonella serovar out of the total isolates(c): Proportion (%) of holdings positive for each specific Salmonella serovar out of the total Salmonella‐positive holdings

Main findings / ConclusionsMain findings / Conclusions

Salmonella is very common in holdings with breeding pigs and widely distributed in the EU All but one of the 24 participating MSs detected Salmonella in at least one of theirEU. All but one of the 24 participating MSs detected Salmonella in at least one of their holdings.

At EU level approximately one in three holdings with breeding pigs was estimated to be positive for Salmonella. Prevalence figures varied between MSs.

Serovar distribution varied among MSs. The most frequently isolated Salmonella serovars in the survey were S Derby (29 6% of positive breeding holdings; 28 5% of positivein the survey were S. Derby (29.6% of positive breeding holdings;  28.5% of positive breeding holdings), and S. Typhimurium (25.4% breeding holdings; 20.1% production holdings), followed by S. Infantis, S. London, S. Rissen.

Indirect public health importance of Salmonella in breeding pigs: potential dissemination to rearing and fattening pigs  contamination of pig meat and risk of human infection

The results of this survey will support the risk managers in setting targets for the reductionThe results of this survey will support the risk managers in setting targets for the reduction of the prevalence of Salmonella infection in holdings with breeding pigs in the EU.

ManyMany thanksthanks forfor youryour attentionattention!!

• Acknowledgements

– WG’s experts:  Vojislava Bole‐Hribovšek, Mariann Chriél, Rob Davies, June Fanning, Arjen W. van de Giessen, Laura Pérez Palancar, Antonia Ricci, Nicolas Rose, Lucy Snow 

– Kris De Smet and team, DG Sanco

– Pia Mäkelä and Zoonoses team, EFSA

• Contacts in EFSA

zoonoses@efsa.europa.eu

giusi.amore@efsa.europa.eu

• Our reports in the EFSA’s website

www.efsa.europa.eu