Analog/Mixed Signal, Power Management, and

Data Converter Integrated Circuits and Systems

Presented by Prof. ZHENG Yuanjin, Programme Director

Contact: Yjzheng@ntu.edu.sg

01/10/2014

N

+

Si SiO2 Mo AlAlN

n

+

n

+

p

+

p

+

BAW Resonator CMOS Oscillator IC

Si Substrate

Power Efficient ICs for Wireless and Energy Applications

Hybrid High Performance Integrated Circuits and Devices

Biomedical Sensor and Imaging Circuits and Systems

6mW 300MHz Pipeline ADC

Co

gnit

ive

Rad

io

Rad

ar C

hir

p G

en

FSK

/GM

SK/Q

PSK

TX

ISSCC 2013

Piz

oEn

ergy

Har

vest

LDO (JSSC)

Tunable High Q SAW Chip CMOS Compatible Integration

High/Low Speed ADC

SAW

Bas

ed

B

iose

nso

r

Ne

ura

l Re

cord

ing

IC

ISSCC 2013

Mic

row

ave

Aco

ust

ics

Imag

ing

Syst

em

Integrated Analog/Mixed Signal, Power Management, Data

Converter and Imaging Circuits, Devices and Systems (Programme Director: Zheng Yuanjin)

Key Achievements

3

1. Low Power ICs for Wireless

2. Power Efficient ICs for Energy

3. Key Analog/Mixed/Hybrid ICs

4. Biomedical ICs

Low Power ICs for Wireless

Cognitive MIMO Radio

• Next Generation Wireless Standard: Multiband Multimode Reconfigurable

• Wireless Industry convergence: 4G, LTE, IoT

DSP

ADC

ADC

DAC

Transmitter

Receiver

PLL

Tx data

Rx data

To TX Antenna

TX Array (N TX modules)

RX Array (N RX modules)

ST/SF coding

Modulation

ST/SF decoding

Demodulation … …

From RX Antenna

Cognitive TX/RX Module: 1,2,…N

Cognitive MIMO Radio

NotchFilter

5

Proposed Cognitive Radio Receiver

OSC/10MHz

Divider/4

Divider/250

Programmable Charge pump

(CP2)

PFD CP1

m-bit control signal

VCO1Vvaractor

Programmable Divider

PGA

ADC

ADC

Vref

I

Q

2 2I QLNA

0

T

dt

0

T

dt

N-bit

Other way to ctrl variable filter

Spread spectrum

Detected data

(channel selection )n-bit

C3

C2

I/Q

Lock Detector

wideband

I/Q

40kHz

ff0

BWdec

f(MHz)

BW:25MHz

86

9

89

4

88

1.5

25MHz

96

0

93

5

94

7.5

21

10

21

70

21

40

60MHz

Multiband spread spectrum generator

11 bit Counter

Vswitch cap

Integrator

correlator

Gm-C filterDSP

R1

R2

C1

Gm-C filter

This chip implementation

0/90

0.95 1 1.05

Frequency (GHz)

35MHz

50MHz

Measure Spread Spectrum Window

• Dual loop PLL

• Generate SS for spectrum sensing

• LO frequency is synthesized for

direct conversion

Measurement Results: Frequency Sensing

Receiver Performance Summary

Technology CMOS 0.18μm

Supply voltage 1.8 V

Operating frequency 800 MHz - 2.4 GHz

Noise Figure 5.9 dB

Sweep window 35, 50, 80MHz

PLL locking time 1.6 ms

RX average power

dissipation 130 mW

•First frequency domain sensing cognitive receiver

•Suitable for multi-standard and white space communication

•Ying Zhang, Yao Zhu, Xiaofeng He, Supeng Liu, Yuanjin Zheng, “A Cognitive Radio Receiver with

Frequency Domain Spectrum Sensing Based on the Windowed Spread Spectrum Correlation,”

Submitted to ISSCC 2014.

9

SAR

Lynx (Sandia

National

Laboratories)

Nusar (Utah

University Res.

Foundation)

MicroSAR

(Brigham

Young

University)

NanoSAR

(ImSAR, USA)

Our SAR

Weight (Kg) 54.43 8.6 2.268 1 < 1 (RF)

Frequency band Ku L/X L/C X Ku

Bandwidth (MHz) 500 500 160 150 1000

Highly integrated IC chip with hybrid microwave module will be the ultimate solution for miniaturizing radar systems

Reduction of Size/Weight/Power/Cost (X 10-50) Performance improvement (X5) Assembled Radar

System

Modular System

IC System

Comparisons with other SARs

Chip measurements and imaging applications

2nd Reflector

1st Reflector 1

st Reflector

2nd

Reflector

Chip Measurement: slant ranging

Vehicle Tracking

Maritime & Littoral

Maritime & Littoral Oil Spills Terrain Elevation

Reconnaissance&

Surveillance

FMCW Synthesizer Measurement Results

Measured fout spectrum 8G-11G

ISSCC

2011

ISSCC

2009

ISSCC

2007

COMCAS

2008 This

work

Fc (GHz) 82 77 19 5.8 10

BW (MHz) 1500 600 513 150 3000

Linearity

(×10-4) 1.2 1.5 -- -- 1.3

Power (mW) 152 101 157 25 8.4

(a) Locking at single frequency (b) Triangularly modulated chirp

(c) Highly linear output frequency versus time

(d) Benchmark table

In 65nm CMOS funded by MediaTek

Power Efficient ICs for Energy

13

A Self-Powered Power Conditioning IC for

Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

• Harness power from short duration vibration and self

starts-up with a minimum 0.9V input voltage.

• Achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of 54%.

• Implemented in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process with

0.05 mm2 active area.

Published in TCAS II

Ultra low power SAW

based sensor and

transmitter

Chip and Measured Performance

Efficiency Startup Waveform with Pulsed Vibration

14

Output Power versus Load Impedance Chip Micrograph

15

A 110 pJ/b Multi-Channel FSK/GMSK/QPSK/π/4-DQPSK

Transmitter with Phase-Interpolated Dual-Injection DLL-based

Synthesizer Employing Hybrid FIR

Zheng Yuanjin and Team, School Of EEE, NTU (IME and NUS)

16

65nm CMOS Chip Measured Performance

Measured PIDI synthesizer frequency resolution.

Measured FSK/GMSK/QPSK/π/4-DQPSK output spectrums.

Constellation (FSK/GMSK/QPSK/π/4-DQPSK) and data rates.

Performance comparison with state-of-the-art low power TX ICs

• The work published in ISSCC 2013

Key Analog/Mixed/Hybrid ICs

A 10-bit 1GS/s 7.8mW 0.03mm² Four-Channel

Time-Interleaved SAR ADC in 65nm CMOS

JSSC

2013

JSSC

2013

JSSC

2014

ISSCC

2013

ISSCC

2014

ISSCC

2014

This

Work

This

Work

(w time

skew cal.)

Architecture TI-SAR Pipe-

line

Pipe

line TI-SAR TI-SAR TI-SAR TI-SAR

Technology (nm) 65 65 65 40 40 65 65

Supply voltage(V) 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2

Power (mW) 44.6 19.0 7.1 10.8 93 18.9 7.8

Fs (GS/s) 2.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.6 1.0 1.0

Resolution(bit) 11 10 9 9 9 10 10

SNDR@

Nyquist(dB) 48.2 52.2 47.7 51.2 48.0 51.4 48.3 49.6

FoM

(fJ/con-step) 75.8 71.4 35.6 40.5 283 62.3 36.7 31.6

Active Area (mm2) 1.7 0.18 0.1 0.038 0.83 0.78 0.03

Submitted to ISSCC 2015

High Frequency SAW/BAW/MEMS Oscillators

Performance uniqueness:

Ultra low phase noise

Electrically tunable

Temperature compensated

Ultra low power consumption

19

• Market for MEMS based oscillators will grow to $140 million in 2012

• A key business for many big players: SiTime, Toyocom (part of Seiko Epson), Discera, ST-Micro, Metronics, Hua Wei.

Proposed tunable SAW Oscillator

Ideal Platform for NFC Applications

SAW Resonator Based Oscillator IC

Vdd

M2

M1

C2C1

Mb

M3

Figure 1. Modeling of the SAW resonator.

Figure 2. Simplified schematic of SAW resonator based Pierce

oscillator in GF 0.18 μm CMOS.

Reference [1]

TCAS-II

2012

[2]

MTT

2007

[3]

IUS 2005

This work

Center

frequency

315MHz 2.49GHz 545MHz 407MHz

Power 25mA/

12V

65mA/

5V

13.7mA/

2.7V

350μA/

1V

Phase noise

at 10kHz

offset

-159

dBc/Hz

-153

dBc/Hz

-120

dBc/Hz

-119

dBc/Hz

Circuit

Technology

discrete discrete 0.25μm

CMOS

0.18μm

CMOS

Resonator SAW SAW SAW SAW

FOM (dB) -224.2 -215.8 -207.1 -215.7

TABLE I. PERFORMANCE COMPARISON

-119.4 dBc/Hz

10kHz 100kHz 1MHz 10MHz

-127.7 dBc/Hz

-148.2 dBc/Hz -150.6 dBc/Hz

Figure 3. Measured phase noise of the SAW oscillator.

4 4.05 4.1 4.15

x 108

101

102

103

104

frequency (Hz)

Imp

ed

an

ce M

agn

itu

de (

Oh

m)

proposed modeling method

conventional modeling method

measurement result

Rs error

Δv/v & k2 error

Quality factor

~2300

SAW resonator fabricated in IME.

[1] Xianhe Huang; Yan Wang; Wei Fu, "Optimization and Realization of a 315-MHz Low-Phase-Noise Voltage-Controlled SAW Oscillator," Circuits and Systems II: Express

Briefs, IEEE Transactions on , vol.59, no.1, pp.16,19, Jan. 2012

[2] Jon-Hong Lin; Yao-Huang Kao, "A Low Phase-Noise Voltage-Controlled SAW Oscillator With Surface Transverse Wave Resonator for SONET Application," Microwave

Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on , vol.55, no.1, pp.60,65, Jan. 2007

[3] Furuhata, M.; Yajima, A.; Goto, K.; Sato, H.; Funasaka, T.; Kawano, S.; Fujii, S.; Higuchi, T.; Ueno, M.; Karaki, T.; Adachi, M., "Development of monolithic CMOS-

SAW oscillator," Ultrasonics Symposium, 2005 IEEE , vol.4, no.,

65nm CMOS funded by MediaTek

Biomedical Wireless ICs

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

Gao Yuan, Zheng Yuanjin etc. “An Asymmetrical QPSK/OOK Transceiver SoC and 15:1 JPEG Encoder IC

for Multifunction Wireless Capsule Endoscopy,” Journal of Solid State Circuit, 2013.

WCE System Configuration Transceiver Architecture

Chip Microphotography Measured TX EVM

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

In-vivo Pig Experiment

(a) Measurement setup, (b) Endoscopic

view of the WCE in the stomach, (c)

External transceiver setup, and (d)

Received image displayed on the PC.

(a) Assembled WCE prototype

and (b) front and back sides of

the rigid-flex PCB system. Comparison of (a) original and (b)

compressed images for low

compression ratio of 11, and (c)

original and (d) compressed

images for high compression ratio

of 16.5.

In-vivo Imaging

The wireless capsule endoscopy system is under human trial at National University

Hospital, Singapore.

Collaboration with IME

System on Chip (SoC) Healthcare Monitor System

Ultra Low Power UWB Radio SoC (ISSCC 2008) Demonstrated: wireless real-time transmission of multi-trace bio-vital signals (ECG,

SpO2, Motion sensor)

ECG Channel 1 Probe

ECG Channel 2 Probe

SpO2 Probe

Antenna Battery Board

Motion Sensor

ECG

SpO2

3D- Motion

ECG

SPO2

3D-Motion

Analog IC

Digital SoC

24

3D Photoacoustic Macroscopy Imaging System

Imaging system diagram: Experiment result on phantom:

Control panel:

X-axis driver

Y-axis driver

Z-axis driver

Function generator

OPO Laser

Oscilloscope

ConLFC

ND filter

MMF

X Y

ZWater tank

US

X-Y-Z step motor

Sample

Amplifier

ConL

ConL

Result: 3D photoacoustic imaging is

demonstrated on phantom.

25

26

Phantom imaging results

(b): Coherent frequency domain image (a): Time domain image

High contrast images are obtained

Frequency method renders less noise (17 dB improvement)

Magnetically mediated thermoacoustic

(MMTA) imaging

* X.H. Feng, F. Gao, Y. J. Zheng, "Magnetically mediated thermoacoustic imaging toward deeper penetration", Appl.

Phys. Lett. 103, 083704 (2013).

27

Thermally modulated photoacoustic imaging: results

*X.H. Feng, F. Gao, Y. J. Zheng, “Thermally modulated photoacoustic imaging", Opt.

Lett., revised.

Effective background suppressed: insensitive to physiological movements

Thermally modulated microwave induced

TA/photoacoustics