Anaerobic Digestion of Algae Extraction Process Waste to Produce Biogas

PTT Research and Technology Institute

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Research Team

Vice President, Environmental Research and Management

MRS. SARINTIP VAEWHONGS

MR. PANYAMEE SACHAKAMOL

Researcher Dr. CHALERMCHAI RUANGCHAINIKOM

Vice President, Project Support and Environmental Management Dr. KANATIP RATANACHOO

Researcher

MRS. GAMGARN THUMMADETSAK Specialist

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81 95

(พนัลา้นบาท) รายได ้Revenue

(THB Billions)

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Project Overview

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• To seeks at evaluating the applicability of Spirulina platesis biomass for biogas production purposes

• To Determines the effectiveness of biogas fermentation of algae from different sources

Objectives :

Targets :

• Aim at zero emission Scheme for Spirulina process • Initiate new path of energy production from processed waste

Objectives

Spirulina sp.

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Spirulina sp.

Cell walls are composed of mucopolysaccharides rather than indigestible cellulose

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Spirulina Products

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Spirulina Farms around the World

Spirulina Mexicana’s Caracol in Lake Texcoco near Mexico City.

Earthrise Nutritionals in Imperial Valley California USA.

Lake harvesting, dewatering and drying spirulina in Myanmar. Courtesy of Min Thein.

Cyanotech on the Kona Coast, Hawaii

Parry Nutraceutical spirulina ponds in India

Some of the largest Chinese spirulina farms are on Hainan Island

Source: Development of a Spirulina Industry – Production, Robert Henrikson, AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com, 2011

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Spirulina Farms in Thailand

Boonsom Spirulina Farm in Chiangmai, Thailand

Boonsom Farm is a medium size (60,000m2) family-owned spirulina farm, producing finished products for the regional market in Thailand and Asian countries for the past 20 years. Boonsom Farm is promoted as an algae-tourism destination, offering a tour, samples of spirulina foods and a spirulina health spa.

Marine Spirulina Farms in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand (SPIMAX)

The farms grow spirulina algae with salty seawater in closed chambers. Therefore, it can be guaranteed that there is no contamination from any other types of algae. They are the only farms in Thailand that grow algae with seawater, whereas other competitors use brackish or fresh water.

Sources: http://www.boonsomfarm.com http://marinespirulina.com

•Enhance CO2 fixation efficiency

• Double Productivity

•Controlled Environment

Flat-Plate PBR Tubular PBR Air-Lift PBR

Closed Photobioreactor around the world

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Spirulina Growth Factors

Spirulina Cultivation

CO2

Strain

Nutrient

Inoculum

Rain Contamination

Agitation and Aeration

Depth of Culture

pH

Temperature

Light Intensity

Culture System

Source: http://www.rdi.ku.ac.th/kasetresearch52/01-celebrate/natpas/celebrate_00.html

Conceptual Design

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Airlift-Tubular PBR Detailed Design

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Airlift-Tubular PBR 3D Models

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Airlift-Tubular PBR Completion

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Project Concepts

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Region & Process Net Energy

โครงการวิจัยวิจัยลดโลกร้อน ถวายพ่อ ดว้ยสาหร่ายเกลียวทอง Greenhouse Gas Sequestration by BioCarbon Capture (BCC) to Renewable BioEnergy

โครงการวิจัยลดโลกร้อน ถวายพ่อ ด้วยสาหร่ายเกลยีวทอง Greenhouse Gas Sequestration by BioCarbon Capture (BCC) to Renewable BioEnergy

Anaerobic Digestion

Anaerobic Digestion offers a sustainable solution: BioEnergy for Electricity BioCNG, household gas Reduced environmental pollution Less energy input - Reduction of odor (Close system)

ENERGY

BIOGAS

Algae based CO2

capture field

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โครงการวิจัยวิจัยลดโลกร้อน ถวายพ่อ ดว้ยสาหร่ายเกลียวทอง Greenhouse Gas Sequestration by BioCarbon Capture (BCC) to Renewable BioEnergy

โครงการวิจัยลดโลกร้อน ถวายพ่อ ด้วยสาหร่ายเกลยีวทอง Greenhouse Gas Sequestration by BioCarbon Capture (BCC) to Renewable BioEnergy

Compound Chem %

Methane CH4 50–75

Carbon dioxide CO2 25–50

Nitrogen N2 0–10

Hydrogen H2 0–1

Hydrogen sulfide H2S 0–3

Oxygen O2 0–0

Typical Composition of Biogas

BIOGAS (CH4 60%) = 21.48 MJ/m3

Gross Calorific Value (MJ/m3)

NATURAL GAS (CH4 99%) = 36.14 MJ/m3

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โครงการวิจัยวิจัยลดโลกร้อน ถวายพ่อ ดว้ยสาหร่ายเกลียวทอง Greenhouse Gas Sequestration by BioCarbon Capture (BCC) to Renewable BioEnergy

โครงการวิจัยลดโลกร้อน ถวายพ่อ ด้วยสาหร่ายเกลยีวทอง Greenhouse Gas Sequestration by BioCarbon Capture (BCC) to Renewable BioEnergy

ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION

Algae Biomass

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Preliminary Test

BMP TEST

biochemical methane potential

YIELD of Biogas Production From Algae biomass

PRELIMINARY CALCULATION OF BIOGAS VALUE

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BMP TEST

Substrates

INNOCULUM (BACTERIA)

BIOGAS PRODUCTION

Varying F/M Ratio

0.1-1.5

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3. Process waste

2. Lipid extraction

1. Whole cell

Hexane Extraction

3. Process waste

2. Lipid extraction

1. Whole cell

Source Preliminary test Evaluating potential substrate

Results

BMP Test Modified Basal medium - Li and Noike, 1992

Wastewater Property

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50.00

100.00

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300.00

350.00

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450.00

500.00

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

cum

ula

tive

gas

pro

du

ctio

n (

ml)

Time (d)

Whole cell Wastewater Lipid extraction

BMP results - 3 substrates

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50.00

100.00

150.00

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350.00

400.00

450.00

500.00

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Cu

mu

lati

ve g

as p

rod

uct

ion

(m

L)

Time (day)

with basal without basal

! COD:N:P (300:5:1)

Comparative Results (Basal & Without Basal)

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BMP Test Results-3 Substrates

Samples Whole Cell Processed waste Lipid extraction

BMP (m3 STP/kg COD added)

0.237±0.004 0.250±0.005 0.232±0.002

Highest biogas (ml/day)

14.2 14.17 15.1

Biogas (m3 STP/kg COD added)

0.352±0.005 0.379±0.008 0.376±0.004

CH4 content in biogas (%)

67 60 62

Biodegradability (%)

68 72 66

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CONCLUSION

Processed waste offer highest biogas production of 0.379 m3 STP/kg(COD added) All 3 substrates are potentially available for Biogas Production Feedstock availability must be considered before Commercial Scale

Next Step

Potential Feedstock

Effect of organic loading rate

Effect of HRT

OPTIMIZATION OF Spirulina Biogas UTILIZATION

Initial Chemical oxygen demand COD =>100,000 mg/L

Criteria: VFA/ALKALINITY =0.8

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Next Step

P&ID

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3D-DESIGN

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BGR 30 L Capacity

•Rigid •Homogenous mixing •pH measure

REACTOR 30L CAPACITY

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•Pressure gage display •Water level display •Safety release valve •Water Hoses

REACTOR 30L CAPACITY

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Biogas composition (%) (CO2, CH4, O2,)

Portable Biogas Analyzer

Gas Counter

(Custom made)

Biogas counter (mL)

REACTOR 30L CAPACITY

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Complete Installation

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To be successful, the first thing to do is fall in love with your work. – Sister Mary Lauretta -

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Thank You

Panyamee Sachakamol panyamee.s@pttplc.com