Anaerobic Co-Fermentation of Crude Glycerol and Oilseed Meal from Biodiesel Production to Ethanol...
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Transcript of Anaerobic Co-Fermentation of Crude Glycerol and Oilseed Meal from Biodiesel Production to Ethanol...
Anaerobic Co-Fermentation of Crude Glycerol and Oilseed Meal from Biodiesel Anaerobic Co-Fermentation of Crude Glycerol and Oilseed Meal from Biodiesel Production to Ethanol and HydrogenProduction to Ethanol and Hydrogen
Lijun Wang, Abolghasem Shahbazi and Michele MimsBiological Engineering Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411
Process Chemistry
ObjectivesDevelop a biological process for conversion of low-quality glycerol and oilseed meals into hydrogen for process energy supply and ethanol for the transesterification reaction in a biodiesel production facility.
Problem StatementA biodiesel process for production of methyl esters from vegetable oil• consumes light alcohols and energy, and • produces low-quality glycerol and oilseed meals
Materials and Method
Fig. 2. Anaerobic fermentation system
Fig. 1. Anaerobic metabolism pathway of glycerol fermentation for ethanol production.
Results
Conclusions and Future Research
A fermentation system and analytical protocol have been set up for the biological conversion of crude glycerol from biodiesel production to ethanol and hydrogen. The preliminary data show that ethanol could be produced from crude glycerol using E. aerogenes. Future work will be focused on: (1) investigation of the effect of impurity of glycerol, process conditions and feedstock supplement on the performance of the microorganism, (2) production of mutants with a high tolerance to the impurity and high concentration of glycerol, and (3) determination of fermentation mechanism and kinetics.
)HCO(or OCHOHHC(OH)HC 222252ismMicroorgan
353
353Catalyst
52 (OH)HC esters Ethyl 3OHH3C(oil) deTriglyceri ~ 0.32 MJ/kg biodiesel produced
1/3 of ethanol supply
Microorganism: Enterobacter aerogenesFermentation media: 10 % crude glycerol (including 34% of glycerol) solution (by mass) supplemented with 25 g Basal media, 10 g tryptone, 6 g yeast extract, 5 g lactose, 10 g NaCl, and 1.5g bile salts in 1 liter of deionized waterFermentation conditions: operated at 37oC and 150 rpm agitation, and sparged with argon gas Analysis: The concentrations of glycerol, ethanol, succinate and acetate were determined by a HPLC
Fig. 3. HPLC profile for the sample taken after 12 h reaction.
Redox balance may be achieved by the production of Formate (or CO2 and H2) -e.g., Enterobacter aerogenes [Ito et al., J Biosci Bioeng 100:260-5], Succinic acid under CO2-e.g., E.coli [Dharmadi et al. Biotechn Bioeng 94: 821-9], and 1,3 propandeiol-e.g., Klebsiella pneumoniae [Zhang et al., Biochem Eng J 37: 256-60] .
5 g/l0.46 g/l0.93 g/lPyruvate-formate lyase
Formate hydrogenlyase
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Glycerol
GlpF
DHA
DHAP
GDH
Glycerol
DHAK
Glycolysis
NAD+
NADH
ATP
ADP
NAD+
NADH
2 ATP
2 ADP
Pyruvate
EtOH
NADH
NAD+
Acetyl CoA + Formate
Acetaldehyde
AdhE
NADH
NAD+
AdhE
CO2 + H2
FHL PFL
Succinic acid CO2 + 2 H
GDHt 3-HPA
NADH NAD+
1,3-Propanediol
nic acid
PDOR
PEP
A Continuous Process with a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production A Continuous Process with a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Wasted oil and Fatfrom Wasted oil and Fat
ObjectivesDevelop heterogeneous catalysts and a continuous process for biodiesel production from used vegetable oil and animal fat.
Problem Statement
A existing biodiesel process for production of methyl esters from vegetable oil and animal fats with a homogeneous catalyst
• requires high-quality feedstock with low free fatty acid and moisture contents• requires a complex and expensive separation process to purify biodiesel and by-product of glycerol with dissolved catalyst, and • operates in a batch mode.
Materials and Method
Fig. 1. A laboratory tubular reactor system.
On-going Research Activities
1. Continue to build the experimental platform for preparation and characterization of heterogeneous catalysts, investigation of continuous heterogeneously catalyzed reactions, and analyses of oily feedstock and biodiesel,
2. Conduct experiments on the platform to evaluate the performance of developed heterogenous catalysts for biodiesel production from used vegetable oil and animal fat, and
3. Conduct a life cycle cost analysis for production of biodiesel from used vegetable oil and animal fat.
1. Solid base catalyst development
Solid base catalysts are developed by exchanging zeolite with alkali metal cations. The surface area, pore size and pore distribution of the catalysts are characterized. The protocol for the catalyst preparation and characterization will be developed.
2. A continuous flow reaction system
A reaction system as shown in Fig. 1 has been ordered for catalyst evaluation and continuous flow process analysis. The main components of the system include a mixer, tubular reactor, oven, sample valve and back pressure regulator. The reaction unit is capable of handling up to four inputs. A 40 ml tubular reactor will be used in the reaction system to evaluate the effects of temperature, pressure, flow rate (or residence time), oil to alcohol ratio and heterogeneous catalysts on the conversion efficiency and quality of biodiesel produced from used vegetable oil and animal fat.
3. Feedstock and biodiesel analysis
An analytical platform including gas chromatograph is being set up to evaluate the quality of oil or fat feedstock and biodiesel.
Lijun Wang and Abolghasem Shahbazi Biological Engineering Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411