?

( 'Wffffo

)

Jffaftfiw^ ^\ 1Wt^[ WTO vfflsft ^fspfl^ $VK

tfwrlv i its, *t*t*^ c*w fcnti fctfc k^sj * anrtwwtH^' if%i

nfsTs iwra ^rem tfift *rf*ral wi vfwtnR i wot iftasrw;

tmrtrttr^ ^ *tft* ^5 rtw ; i**s> nwvm bs?ri srtcj to T*rr w 1i^v 5tt^ ( fo*#t It; ) twfati? '^wd'? m rw "*f*i*tei

ot*r >RfKi ( *-sr jr. ) ^1 ^taRffarl i, etrc.r it-,

Jo

,^%t tf%rsf| i 'srrfsf ^fHrapsr ^UTtn rrt%tf? i cwt m j ^tw* 11 ? c^mi ^{rw^-

*tffi i far to %?nt ciH nftitoi, c$ fta ^ro fiN irfi i a ftawimfartft *fTflffl, F# ffcf ^TO ftR ifft ! flu ! to *rfr< i . ffaifftcs #rres ifi p, if! flffire uto ^a, *vra itRro nftos fst?t

fir, wfhs ftfiiii fifirci itw to |R i to to ^rtfa eft fat fiRi *fwi *tft i to to atfkvs fft,

=r?Tci "STTfTO? i wfrptf cro?n JK^rt ^^Trr?T *Hfl *ref^5i ^rsts* i

wftHrofc'* wfto^w* wsFrcfa ^ ^i^m] fwt^n ^tfarct?1tR1 ^fwfta*, fol 'flu ^tfMta *r?fo"ic** *WfrfW fora-c*ita?

itrb-i Ifctm ft?C^^ ftIW St^t *t^StH *Fff*i 3R ; 3[te

sniwwa "frsptfta *r^-rr^ta *rnf% tw^l" ^Rvsifcl #lrt* fefo%h f*

'syrcnli* t" hvw & %ssBt tt%$ ftftro frfipr *rrita fwt s%im i ^fcrastl^tt? Jt$#i5*iHr ^^r ^Wafl ^ vfcm i

^rW9 tin!? *rfs?fa *rssw* fl'Ki ^fl c?WtfjRr c?tfwrfa*^rs crr^to crfMvs ntm in fat foft it^tcs i-- ^ ffa

f%ft

'

Brt7>w, ^Ttft*^ t f%ft Tsp&w, ^5 ^1 flt>i1 i^ffl f%ft 'tw irt^w'

itlw mtum ^tiffti ifiw Tfffc* *ttftm wrfrte wi wi ^fro

csroi ttW5t fiS

; ffsrorar fsR5 ff^t1' ; Sri AurobindoJSwAt BunkimChandra

; '^H^U W&&-tlfw%59' Sob-wtr ; MWaf *r i :?t^

II

Tirhut and Dinapur, aud its culminating episode is a crushing victory wonby the rebels over the united British and Mussulman forces, a success whichwas not, however, followed- up, owing to the advice of a mysterious"physician" who, speaking as a divinely inspired prophet, advises Batyananda,

the leader of "the children of the Mother," to abandon further resistance,

since a temporary submission to British rule is a necessity ; for Hinduismhas become too speculative and unpractical, and the mission of the Englishin India is to teach Hindus how to reconcile theory and speculation withthe facts of science. The general moral of the Ananda Math, then, is thatBritish rule and British education are to be accepted as the only alternative

to Mussulman oppression, a moral which Bankim Chandra developed alsoin his Dharmatattwa, an elaborate religious treatise in which he explainedhis views as to the changes necessary in the moral and religious conditionof his follow-countrymen before tbey could hope to compete on equal termswith the British and Mahommedans. But though the Ananda Math is inform an apology for the loyal acceptance of British rule, it is none the lessinspired by the ideal of the restoration, sooner or later, of a Hindu kingdomin India. This is especially evident in the occasional versen in the book,of which the Bande Mataram is the most famous.

*

As to the exact significance of this poem a considerable controversy hasraged. Bande Mataram is the Sanskrit for "Hail to thee, Mother !" ormore literally "I reverence tbee, Mother !", and according to Dr. G. A.Grierson {Tlie Times, Sept. 12, 1906) it can have no other possible meaningthan an invocation of one of the "mother" goddesses of Hinduism, in hisopinion Kali "the goddess of death and destruction." Sir Henry Cotter'on the other band (ib. Sept. 13. 1906), sees in it merely an invocation ofthe "mother-land" Bengal, and quotes in support of this view the freetranslation of the poem by. the late W. H. Lee, a proof which, it may be atonce said, is far from convincing. But though, as Dr. Grierson points out,the idea of a "mother-land" is wholly alien to Hindu ideas, it is quitepossible that Bankim Chandra may have assimilated it with his Europeanculture, and the true explanation is probably that given by Mr. J. D.Anderson in The Times of September 24, 1906. He points but that in the11th ehapter of the 1st book of the Ananda Math the Sannyasi rebels arerepresented as having erected, in addition to the image of Kali, "the motherwho Has Been," a white marble statue of "the Mother that Shall Be,"which "is apparently a representation of the mother-land. The BandeMataram hymn is apparently addressed to both idols."

V*

The poem, then, ie the work of a Hindu idealist who personified Bengalunder the form of a purified and spiritualised Kali. Of its thirty-six lines,

partly written in Sanskrit, partly in Bengali, the greater number areharmless enough. But if the poet sings the praise of the "Mother"

"As Laohmi, bowered in the flower*

That in the water grows."

he also praises her as "Durga, bearing ten weapons," and lines 10, 11 and12 are capable of very dangerous meanings in the mouths of unscrupulousagitators. literally translated these run, "She has seventy millions ofthroats to sing her praise, twioe seventy millions of hands to fight for her,how then is Bengal powerless ?" As 8. M. Mitra points out (Indian Problems,London, 1908), this language is the more significant as the Bande Mataramin the novel was the hymn by singing which the Sannyasis gained strengthwhen attacking the British foroes.

During Bankim Chandra Chatterji's lifetime the Bande Mataram,though its dangerous tendency was reoognized, was not used as a party war-ory ; it was not raised, for instance, during the Ilbert Bill agitation, nor bythe students who flocked round the oourt during the trial of Surendra NathBanerji in 1883. It has, however, obtained an evil notoriety in the agita-tions that followed the partition of Bengal. That Bankim Chandra himselfforesaw or desired any such use of it is impossible to believe. Accordingto S. M. Mitra, he composed it "in a fit of patriotic excitement after a goodhearty dinner, which he always enjoyed. It was set to Hindu music, knownas the Mallar-Kawali-Tal. The extraordinarily stirring oharacter of theair, and its ingenious assimilation of Bengali passages with Sanskrit, servedto make it popular."

Circumstances have made the Bande Mataram the most famous and themost widespread in its effects of Bankim Chandra's literary works.

if for rWft Iwa-m^n ^fwift ffwtfs*cwrew?n 'mem

lento rmtf^ ^tflfo nm'-sww i *rf*srerara *raat ^nir

&c5ft, tfs rw TttfRe *mor* Pfsfo&1, ""WfS WPWT5 *R f"R1% TtfTO-\fe( tfWR I *ttW H

frsimm ^fawm, $Wtw? wi? srfcrtaw l* fcfStOTl ffSwi, %^

.CTlftnl si^mi 'rffCRI ItftwrfVBl ft^i* ffafl, SWSRft

SJWjfftim 1*^5 ^fe? *5HW#t * 3tWtrf* SfcfFl

jfc w^fare $t^t? "srf%rfti ? ^f^tf^f ^w>i Tfaro ^wif% tfm ? s-rstro f% f5p ^ttwft rw sit ? 4 ftro *ffw?rt ^^ps $tc*tft?R ?rfc i fcr^ora fwr^t tt%^t5 "ff^srfa

"It is not easy to define a historical novel. Professor NieldV definition, 'A novel is rendered historical by the introduction of dates, personages or eventsto which identification can be given,' seems too severe.... Soribner's [of NewYork] have, justifiably, interpreted the subject more liberally by the inclusionof novels the background of which is laid in a recognizable historical period,even though no single oharacter in the book may have a genuine historicalprototype."

fffh wt *rfw iwrl ffcnr w '^tfforfMV ^stsW

^^[Wt C4H^I* sfe fe$tf*PF to wi 5R1 srfe, mm y{cm fkant ^ra

^fisr to catfa rtRw4

item* i ^^w^^ ^^tsrS*

^ *

*U*^ ^^ *r i!i

1^5CT*ftWv (ft^ (?t(&-Ct^ TO*) ftfttf-"The revenuestairs were solely in charge of Md. Baza Khan, who did not worry

ahout the sufferings of the people. He collected the revenue almost in

fall and added 10 per cent for 1771."{Oxford History, p. 508.)

cift j^*-*^ ^tci Hti *rt* #i froWR ; f^t fafaTO?*-"*rtt

v*tt^ ^H-Hto"^ ""^'^T V^ >b*

Uto ^rs rtft iron, *w, - ?4i *to ) ;^ "^t*n-JTO

t* wtpra r5rtm sfarc xtflw i ^mn est*srtara *

45n f>, Rt ftj 5^5 1 cwtw*-srsmtt s&b,

Jnw m* pi * fltfm.t*]'^ " ^ 1

ft* cfc *m cft "Wflw, *twitire ctfr *f

srftpreri, ftffft, fcrfsw #r^t * fhrt, wftfi Mi atffc fire* rfwsmcwi *tpw t%i nfra fafs rc "wr^#rc?rar jiw ^fotfpra crft, wr fewro* ( fttrp tot)nri*fatt c^twp rff% csm *fccr err*

arc m (fcarafrrara *fts #1 ) wwftX

,7, 7n *rtft*rra i fti 'wnptfJii,' 'cwft c^rt^ * ^WW* iwi

&w rftrpr *fiira* I wftre ftft ?lt^ fwi cwttatw*

'

fcto *fe *rc ^wt?N *rra ttffo wmtt* jRRtft rft* =n,

asamrf^ *tt cr ^ sii , cw? 'tewrfwt^' ft* mft

^ bgp* nm-wx ctes

'

jrfro, fac&w tr*rctt fift *1% w

Vt wnr *rfart *t< ^tfnrtftr," ft* l*tt* fSift fr^t%*ftw tHu

a^ ft c^rt* ft*t* rf ? ft ft ? ^ft * rwTOT Its l"

rftr ^r^s^ *ft* ^1 ,

HA

^irt* *mrt*tft ra ew i fcft jf^caii item ft* } fct*'mH*wnV 'era> dt^rt%,' ^tefflrc'?w* i

fr*ttsf ) s

[ Itta w iron ]

*

* S> Tit VfftJFflfasfc

itA stt^T to *rtra i to ^famt ftfire j&

The leading idea of the plot is thisshould the national mind feel justified inharbouring violent thoughts against the British Government ? or to present thequestion in another form, is the establishment of English supremacy procidentiaJ inany sense ? or to put it in a still more final and conclusive form, with what purpose andwith what immediate end in view did providence send the British to this oonntry ?The immediate object is thus briefly described in the prefaceTo put an end to Moslemtyranny and anarchy in Bengal ; and the mission is thus strikingly pictured in the lastchapter :

"The Physician said, Satyanand, be not orest fallen. Whatever is, is forthe best. It is so written that the English should first rule over the country beforethere could be a revival of the Aryan faith. Harken unto the counsels of Providence.The faith of the Aryas consisteth not in the worship of three hundred and thirty millionsof gods and goddesses ; as a matter of faot that is a popular degradation of religion

that whioh has brought about the death of the true Arya faith, the so-oalled Hinduismof the Mleohhas. True Hinduism is grounded on knowledge, and not on works. Knowledgeis of two kindsexternal and internal. The internal knowledge constitutes the ohiefpart of Hinduism. But internal knowledge oannot grow unless there is a developmentof the external knowledge. The spiritual cannot be known unless you know thematerial. External knowledge has for a long time disappeared from the' country, andwith it has vanished the Arya faith. To bring about a revival, we should first ofall disseminate physical or external knowledge. Now there is none to teach that ; weourselves oannot teach it. We must needs get it from other countries. The Englishare profound masters of physical knowledge, and they are apt teachers too. Let usthen make them kings. English education will give our men a knowledge of physicalscience, and this will enable them to grapple with the problems of their inner nature.Thus the ohief obstacles to the dissemination of Arya faith will be removed, and truereligion will sparkle into life spontaneously and of its own accord. The British

Government shall remain indestructible so long as the Hindus do not onoe mote become

great in knowledge, virtue and power. Hence, 0 Wise man, refrain from fighting andfollow me." This passage embodies the most recent and the most enlightened views ot

the educated Hindus, and happening as it does in a novel powerfully conoeived and

wisely executed, it will influence the whole race for good. The author's dictum we

heartily accept as it is one whioh already forms the oreed of English education. Wemay state it in this form : India is bound to accept the scientific method of the westand apply it to the elucidation of all truth. This idea beautifully expressed, forms asilver thread as it were ; and runs through the tissue of the whole work.

The Liberal,

8th April, 1882.

^Shr Tim fwr*fa

.%*js orn cm i *tti* cwf^R, *rtmr w *sw?r *fctift*r i

*mj Ttt, ^5*TWrft S^STtf^n I "Brfa Captain Edwardes =TtOl^ 'fRPT!^ Major Wood

ftws *niu i ^ m> ^nn itw i itwi fttta *wn twi iw ft"^

Hjpnt pra i^ar, capita 1?

itw affwrtt >*w fat nrf&^ after c^ara TOtrotatmtft pm, f%i ctcf cwft srt i *twtn Jrt1% itfir cirr*K *rfft *rtfit

I CTf'P'ft TO, CVfatTTfa C*tffa *WS$9tfl? ifoffl 5Tt^ I Tt*, sttfe art* rw t& i fWft frf, faqfcrci jtb ^ i nmi*tn to 'pfwt *f?rtw *tf?si ttfesoe, imtft wi ff*rai f"to cmvs

#tftrsre, vwsi Tft to q#srfts, wtWc* cftn to ^faite ; fttre^ftr *rra ffl* *tw sn i ?nww csrfr crfa tl, *rc?rt?tw wte* orft sri,fCTtCT Offt 5f1, ?W f?t C

1

wf^t if*w,> rfir* % sra i to ft? sw; wrf* w fR ttftstrtt, 'sta *ra ffk cw$$ fori, isw *rfc i*

^ i ctw ft| ftcft ft ?

to ftww m Stfos ft r c^m ^

*qjt% TPT% CT, m *IW ufart *f%1 ttfH ^n?ftsr retre $ ffw ftf stf >rcsp *fon, toih* stft ?f *find,

cWF-^fSr ?tfwt %1, ^tfa* c*tw

^tw ?F*t# ^1 site i

W

?R mm

rra *r*m *tfwf

"V* ^jrtt* lustra i"

aw ^fara rfaa **fl

CffaWT, T"^ C*fe W3*fff?, ^SasWt, aflPR, !

tn ctm^fs 4fhtc

rt%^w *firai, ^t? ^ ^ftat *tfor cfc vn tftfff5*fttR I ^9 ^Ht%W SStSl fall ?ff9TC9R,

flUsw wrre ^iErt=r ^?rfer tut *f*cR i c*r *|tr "rff^n piwffimttiJT 1%i fti "tw srft , y% cw fm, art* cwf& ^rtcw

,

ifo m i ^ "sii, ^ft

il i fwft jwc*r? fwi Jt^src^ c*rf?re cffcro ct^R,

SSpfte ^t^ttM ^5tft? TtOTl "(ft? fsfsr crf*V\, StGITfav

?fw,lhe rt5 ^firai, ttH? fsm^ ^t^rai fet^t? Ttiw

t fx*ltft?1 CfKIrt * 1?tf5 1XT?Rt? I

s*f5? c? ?jf%! f&f*t? ^*t? wtsttn ft^, ^?'v rtw ifzm frt5T

tro ^

sot tfircspf

fNfw *fm, "^pw ! cwrf? sett Jtfft 1" ^pug^s r wp$tt*

ftft TfttSCT CTOW I WW

art*; fNrfiibrawn** ijwitft* ^ mr srfc 1 4t^ cr

tf^stci fevm ci srfc 1 c*r csjtt^tJj^,"iTf%-*rtfSi5ft, ^fii% ^w-Wfi-w-^nr crtvi cwf^nai *wu ftwra

srt^?j\ 1" *

wc?f %s tjfinri faf fafare 5^*1, f^f.^fVr ntfiw ^wti

^t?n *rawt? Tr^sf rb

tow nfm, "

ft*, m ^1$ si#, *ntwr'-*to* c?*f ^wit, - :;lf

w^ih? mm info*

i

wi cr *rl i

faJ Wilful'.

^fa

%fk BfW fft rt

v ft rt*rr: "riftat i

rnssr cff^r, ntftn #t%5 *tf?m, ^w,fowfrt *fr*r,

TO I *mr itrfftc ?

^sst< i cTfrt

TO I C^ttTOT 4 *TC tW ^TCf T

toi cstwi t> ^

ft ^sl Ttcw i

TO i csm\ a >tcr WN itBl +tfrftw ttfrat? ?m i whw fwi 'Hi Vftrc toc"5tsrf? twi w&

sn i ^mti TtTft^rs ros ? ict, ^tfsr ?mn 4 iftfaiift, 55 ti *w

w 1wr 5rt *i c*r ftst ^st^ *a 1

^ ^f*rai s$ fw i?fw ; wpw rw* ^rtw^" *rtfw rtf*ri iware *lrl ^t*r ft*r, iftre Iwi

sstti wfaw 5?ic*rftra cwfore, c*rfara cwftra, aw cwftw nt*t,

wra frrs-fon i wflw nw$l, ^mws, ^Nt* *tf

fwi ttrt rtwl ^ff^sfi^i i "^Wtwtpp 4f ^tfi^8 cwfors

tow ^1%5T, "

swift ro m wwt^^i^^^fe: tow *m\ fw&m "^n^mi aft wi cwri f

:

- ?wf j c*t

i mr #tfw i 4ivfi*itfa cm. ^jst* ^ *i%n c*m i

toot i a spftw sjm ^fwrff ictfmte \ tm *fara

wf t

*8

WIS ftfa$, Vfm, #5 5^91 4tlCT *faR I HW Cftm^fare wrtfw i trf^t to mw tfw *farc vitf*nn.t c^tf%r fawristfwifsra ^fsre itf'fi i "^nita?" ^fra vf^TO itf*w i

c?We wn ftu rffsfw aJlar fafafafa *ftwfl*t 1 c*.We iwi in tiw

f|t s^rt *fo*R i ^siwh it? wnl *p*ft Iwffl ffasH "fa

ni$ar i fa *fH tft'W c**w fagtfwffls,

rfwt wtw* yrcw c^f *f?W www ewwtfcr, wfa *ra jtfipt stew tonrf!^^ #n sn i ttfeirtc*i cwt^rr^jprtft ?fwft ^ *[f*i ijpto ww* ^*r?f it* stns *rf%*r i

"fa tt^r ! f%

-rfm, fkun if^ cspfsrai fain fafirai refawrc iTOOT

Wt Wt^ "SI^TC^tf^f^^ CSJtSW

torrf!WS&

-#n 3rtr *l **irfli*

c& clM ^a? snft^ta jwi ttw^ ^fteifr ^tjt%nfifa *ms, * >rcm*r wro *rtft*R *t*rc*rtsw ****y>tfatWH, mVfte ftntff ura

*rtfnt?ra

?*ife ift wtft I

wfo f^tl ^tft II

* 3tg*twtra 4^ti1 Tt^t^nl fail 5"5Ptft * fCWP i*aeff% *mt>ff ?tf*H5R i

dt* t%51 Jfl I ^STOr? C*W 5PR I'TO fast* fif! =Ti I ^TtW RsWfl

?tf35 $Hf^5 I ^ffiftWTJ ^ fWt^f ICSSfC* lf*iCW, ""STt 'srfe

"TOT f*lt*H, "^r -5?tc? !"

5tt i ^1^5 ^t1!? l>f*r ^ istsrs stsi 4 aft wl ^^sp

*fm vfk* ffaCTFf si

ira?ar ftfira w fa*ti *faR sn , ifarsR, "^rfrft fa *t*tc?

wi srruit *tf*w i *mftwi tfa w*i ?m

i

?tea&^ 4 *rc?tw ffew, rtftr strut

to i e^sfc*i 1% ?JT5J i ^ WtPR tft'Vl i3TC*S? ftfffl 'Sftf^R I T56jm "fafk*1 fTOW i ^1*tfSr fafa^s fani *R i f%i ^srtfa rtRH w ftfvBl

3^t% tl5f ^fa*rtfa*i i ^grfa c*rfre?i vt^nj ^^w? ^tcet

ttf%re Tfca i offtsrw ftcTtr.'R icr tw* ^sTfsr i ci *rf$ fa?t tt9srft, ntvfo ttar iffctt fpi i fct?fa #r^vM ws> ^fafa5? fe # fa*re^RltfesR I *t*k* ff5l%l ^t?tW ^

t*R 'Wl *ff?CH^W 84

rtfar rfca, ^w?f ft tftotw *PRt** crcm *t$ i *w *Ffk*rc,

s^ts itra c*t, $*rat^ iinraR ft fi i c*r ti, jtc* warw

ctfSfPTfsi | qfljl ffe*, *W ^1, ^Wtfe *tfwl I ^tlf fcfft 'WtPHTRVft-srfstsj^ rft c*ft ftfas sF*rcro

focw: an ftvi wfr *tftr^?, 6**t? *w -sftai m ffoti **t* &wTOt* fefan *tfwre *ftn 1 toot f^s? ftcs p5pf& 1735? ft ^rtfrni

CTSU Tff?? I CSO# ?tfta 5^T$ tea fftl *r$*iftftfe *fwi ^tvfaii ft^tor i "

TO ^fw, "*rtTO r"#t*T?rw ifm,

ifftfa ^tfsrctl uTfa^l ftc*R i sfatsww sii*rt* ftf irtw ?"

ftirttsfft *f*m, "uwfci *it*i ^tfrm nw i"

ftsrte ci *iw ##ti rtfti fw*rftpw c*t* it*tft =n ^fiwic^tfr Hti'jpi itkfesR i ftsit^ 5tf^ai

"rw ^rf? ftf srft i"

ilft ftffa*! oWt* isfaffW* ^t*t1W 5t%l1

tra f *rfVj>*

it^ta om om,

9*r TtH^^

cwtw hi ) ?rta *rfore c*te Fmt *rrft ?t% ^ftn fw*j i tfm, "fa c*tifnfH,fa f fsfsftt ^fm, "^t *nrft i" d *fro, "mtft tftw fa ?wW fsTJTft WW* ^HHt? ^fl^Rt* fS[% C^H tfsW, "Wtfl

#

*rtf% wfm i *fo*t, ", r

em igtw *tf%tfs? *i

wst**f 3f*rcrc, wtfop ?tcf, **pr ^fswf?f ^tsrtit5 srfe i

itf% i ^f*r ^f?r i"

4l ^fsrcrl 4* ft^s f*ttil ^ffel i

fW faf^ rm wfon frcR, Trfwnr faf fas w fttw--*CTrm ^wfere mfat*R i *R. *&> **fo*f *rtf*rc?R, srtre*

"Ptw faai carfare ttf5ttR ct, f=pm ^ferecs fa m i c?tt ^ c*r,fw*r ^rocs i tii^f "NTW ^faro ^f?rvE ,Tfat55f?r 15 faf fqjw

5^?f

sftfra fk its* srfe ?t^, $*fr8 farw

r4ftPFI TO^ ?

^Wm tw^-t^ ifari

*tt% sftat *rfH Hi to? iwj 4^ ritf i ww* fasi imi

^f^rai ftfass i cfctw ^^^sfp( wtat ito ^firs ; *tt% w *wnr

WftcRi *f>rai c*r*n ^fro, cvtw fad sfws ; stsmte

bWCT to 3?pwf*5tfj* w *?*r^ ?t*r c*, *ftf% cto to*pt*t

*ttfs* f^si "*r$1%fa ^ff^wf^'' tf*m, rt?PB ^ret^w i*rrf% %% ftftro *(\fm i new? f^rarwn ^t*H i ijtwt* totiw $t Jiwtsn Tffwe *p5t^R i *m >r cflmw ffcn 1 fasts

it%w *rfrorw vfirai *tta ttfw =n 1 ^ r ^tstre

tftw *tfiroi fa?H 1 f*tsi^ firssfri ?fk*H, 4 *rnra c^ot wfaT?r ct^ c? f #Kt^Hf ^mr^R, "ntft nt^rarffrtf^ wft ^t?

^tetfttre CTOTC1 TO

wtfc *rfa* i *ftf% sfcri cm i

wt^rt^'w ^T^ft foR i faft *trf%3 ?$ze\? i *w *rtf%re **f?rai

fo* f rtfo *r$j *fw i ^r^f^r toj fwi ftftro ^tfesj? i

^wi^rtfcrt grfrotT^ ^tw? cwjtfa *fen ^fc to ftfro en icnft^sf

*ter*w tjt^ wtw, ^tyt^t ren srws c^ utfarai cws , ^cira m\ y& rto,

iTOfSrcsst at*8! ^fortes*, ^t?r^ ?tfofo* sfofl *rft i cwi r ^ (Ts^srf^^ ^p^vg j(r i s?^r*J^*?% tfsi sfwttfsrf^pt^pfSwts wtir, *ttl% ffefli Ifen, *^Rsnn?j ^tsrpw ^wct

^ts?*jf ^fm, "itfsi rofflw ff^^Ttt sn i ^tfsr t^^i sn fSpf?l

*f1% ^f%^, "^ft ftfMl ^tf%W 15 f ^|?fTs(^ f%f ^5? f1 ^fWl, C^ts{ftff 571 rtfejl, Cft tRftf3? Sftfe^^l *tt%? iT0 iSTf? T%11^tntST ^ft^t^ ^T%1, f^tST ^f?C5R I

lire 'Sjrfori, it? ^tre %m fort *nfkm i te

"mfa csiotj TtrTs wi fsrssmi ^rt^ wt^ f^^tfi ^firatft rft*rfc fefp rtf% *rfon

t%rt %!, ^stsl T^n sfcs ^fiw i fas tfirre *ttf?r*r :?1 1 tfan,*ff ! ff ! fis ! t* f% 59 I W ftsfft ^itre ! 3>ra ^fl c^tre^Rt? 4 ^f*nrl irwi tsj r tfwl *rf% crafsr tffwijrf^fn i ^T?r 1? tort fas* ^cs

TOtWR ?rf?C^fe5R I 1JtJWW ftfWW ^filC*W, "TOafer !

iwtww if*rc*R, "cwsi nam m& i w *nm fe&fe artre ici faf Tfrsl wit 5^ttff9tfi, rfr m\fv stutf?, cm srat sra i rfoHftf*^ ?ri rtre ftft *a for rWf?*rc* Tsrl ^farfrew, c# f^-53F-*fn-*tfrtft asroflft *p^t

fMN" *ffk^W .

:

i ftfarai #rat tmi fiflta ^fiiw mfiw sn i ftfa *tfim

i

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to i ^

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tfo -si^st farwi ^fo i row* ^

fR forti ^f?T35 r *rfe sfffar i 5re*f, c$t*mt f% Tf*T3l Wtf%^,

toj i cymti rtf%srpi ttfa&i t^ntl totr*"?, f*fnr?r ^ cw Tfa r?1 wtf ttc ^tos

s^st^ri qfwt ^R fwt*R i Brfa wt1% ^rfinn *tf^r itotr^ ^m^, "ft ^1 1 ^fat* *n?r s^wi

TSIfaW f?f*T5, t 4? ?^Tl ?fe*H I f%?^l tt?

w i m% ?i f%ci ? ^ft ft 3t*rf?Ri ? ?t*rf??t? 4m m31 ; CR JTI, OWFfiET^t I

*ftf% i ^tft frci i

?f*rc*rc, "srw *t%tre, ^t^nw? ft? srtsr rt% i f%3Hl* ?"

fotto ^f^^l^ *tfaJB*

sn i

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itc* =n i sf^twtwin *t*t* w?ft^ *rr^=r tops ^tfej ?^r *rrfo*r ic*r*ftR *mt, jffwi 5rt?f*il to,

tt:'?% ?tOR cst^ *rtt^ ^T?T5^a wf? cbr**i i ffa^ts ^f*rulC?TlT!* fft"n ff^tl faft ftst* cr, ^ f*ww rtf*r *rffaljpTt^ral ^rs^fare 3tfre i ^ttR^i I ?f?

flf*ro ^tt

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ftfwi itf5pr i fartt wwl ^f^?rrt?i taifc *r&fe*R a, nwi*^ r ftttft 5)^n i8,iR, 5hxt na ft^artCT* ft^^lf w^^t? i 4V ftsf ^?rtf *rta?Fi? fear rttwnw wtiftft^rfff ^tc!r ^t>f ft^trs ?rf% $^rrfe*R i ifaus ft, ^tn ftm

w*Rt*f5w, fcrcw-wtffo tw* r$g i cit ftfa? mj ^itsr,

vtm* i *T?r?n bifot*M i form fsr re fwr^t w,5rtft wr^t i"

5Ftt^T ^fi^sw, "^ft rebel l"

CI ft?

^izm sir fc*^ ^srefe*rc c*t, ^fa ^tfk^R f% sn, 4sr ifsnj

ftr i mn^i ^mt^ ^f*rai ref*rai fro i to tfrai c^f^T*Ftt3R form itoR cwf*tc*R, ^rit tt^# i ^*r?fr %ifiw

*rrf%i ft? cstJrnf ^ttftwr

?

TO* i *fot ifc ftfttfr *rtw, c*tw itft^ ti i

*rcrfa toj cire ; c*fa

rw* c*trto it*w* t^i ntfrm it ,

far to 4^ ^si *ttw to* i?rst^^ #t*rt^i $f*w i rtf% ffcro

IJtCTI ! TOT ^fltCT !

Spiers ^Ffa ^HC5,

srtl%re ?t*i

$\nft*t f?Ra ttan *frcpi, "cw !

'Fieri cftwl,

' '.-"?>:>'.../:";'

"4

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f^ uifHi f i reran *w *tfas, *rm*l enmity,fa f 1, ?CT ?

Crt1 *tt>ft I TW CVR ltlS fC5ftft fofa i srw to ipw *fiw, ilwt? wfo w ^ 1

1 jft ftfl wfw ^ c^* to, if*ral *M *tft

ciftH cwft^ c*firai, 5T iptal ^ ^ "tWfl fff? tfiP5l,

cwt^it* *wto *rtfa*( i to

,s^iw fimw 'ffirc'H, "c^r ^TJtf^, "ftttfw *wr ' f*

^ i capita ewe? irrfsT #t?rc c?t*(i ^firatf^fa, itferere ft sit, fsmtri

rf5t ^firal feww wfavs

*rrfa fte i rem* fwra 'tfwrff*! ?

Mr

i

*? 1 =n i

w 1 *rt*tHt? f% jtw* 5? set t^ 1 1

?* 1 f%f ?oth hi ?

1 hi, c? # nfwl faitre, sm? Tift? rt? *tto ft ??p 1

^ft 'srt^lii forts ^fiirs it?, csrat? ^jt^k ^?tc? i* 1 rw? *rai rtfsrai 1

^ I fH 3>fH rt?t? ft?t* ^f?r^ tt? i* 1 C$tHf? Hffa fs?

1

^ I row? >ct Hffa ?w? 1

5? 1

m i WW 1^ 1

^ i fjrf^ *lft* i^ i ^rt? ?rft srtoi ft* hi ?

* i rtftM sfswrsprl ft* spf^ Hi I ^ftr jr* f^ i

i torn, c*trtt f^rrto ?to i nrnt?^ i

to i unto *ti rficv i

to i fa^r wjj i^ I uS&fft^

s^^ttr fatfm 3#P1 ^1^*^ ^Tfcs ^fk*w i. qt*m

fa i srrft ijfarefefrtt yffa ^Tt%re forte

i stem ^tft ttti i

?ra i bwra c*rat*t fam? m i^ i d ews\ h^?iitpnr^ i wftsra foist ift* I Wft-ftf fo ^nfortfj'CSfll? t *mvfltttsf 5Tt%, ^fa ^5t?l Httf? I ^fa 4% CT=rl t^5l ^ C^W* 5Rt ^TC, ^51

'STfira ^ fHtt I W8 ^ CR ^WtW ^tWJ 31, CR1 ^5

wfspw, q'RRw* m tips ^rtr to to jrrmtwR i *frciR,

^rtsRr f^i^i ttorti fe*R, m mr ^trtre crfacs

1* IfiOTf

sfd ST1 f*R1 ^TR'W fit* ^ROT TFt*l ^f?TC*H I W**T1EJ ^^tw ^ errfR *njtf*R!'R sstrRcrc rfre i wRfafe ^FtfiR fc*R, wtw

^

>raT?fc t, tw, ot,

c*l*iti arrf^fsr i c*fs ft^^Ft? Tttw, "Tt?, *rfa, cros

**$&ft*i" iitfw, srtwii"

^^__^^__^ | isr^t^ sits fwre f%*ftr rett^ ^t^^rtw

^cs wrfrsr i cstt tiwim i wt^rft 5^ fort*! wf4^ ^ft^n:^ ftfel if ^%t? fowttf ^f?rati^ i

^sfMl rf^*Hf=T5

^ft ^tw c*Rttft i" srWw itra ifwf^ ^ ,=rft*'te(iqf

rcfo rtfrrerti^ f% fi^rf5w fofon Ftfon c*fa*R ^m#ut?w fre* *faR, "1%

'*fflr ^ i"

i ^snr fir trrfai ?wi ^tara s^rc n^TftiM arf^-spl ^ft

ctfe jf^f mi* "tc^ *rtfirc ?rtf?tr$ *m feirs sfm

I "fa *T3 T$t*T f*TC ^5 ^Trf^W I TO ^fatSR e Pt^trj c^rrt^wcw? *prtfT *tsr rt^ i jfk cfe writ* mi* t^si1^5 ?wl i ^srtfSr oarffla

n& fw? sffaR** wff^i wRt>Rt?t 35 sfa* ffcrt^m ^r tn

wfart *Ptat sfo^R i *twst 4^ *rc ^c^t% c*n:reiVTW* ft

f^r 5R wfa wrftm ftr=( fot*rre ttf*w i "wtsw if^sR, "^ftrec*rrt* &*t? *t ; 5?!, fcstt:* st^si

'StSCtW* tt^iw rtf5pi I Ct*lkl ^*TRW* im 3&I I wtt wr *fwi

irtfipn, "^cr Tts^ r ?f*rc*R, "^faR^r, oft c^h ^rfodc^fttw* tJct wrl 1&m ^ft i" wrwai

f? an i" #t?m ^^tfpw? f^wtf Ftfk*if i ^?tf*f ftf fw ?fat*R"^1 ?tt? f1, ^tft? Cf ^tr "SffirTS i" ^5?tf*f %tB5!^ *r$tC5t*R

?=f?i ?f?i?t*i f*rai ?f5TC*R, "ft? ft? i"

^ ft% ?fft^ fict^ ^tw *i w c*tt?l ^ar i^fSs' ?t?1

"

S5tf%si

^S^FHF Tf^s'R, "Wf^?I 3T3 ifrf, 'sft ! 'TtTfa ^^J^tCT iWt? 'tW

eft ^ht 3$* sjrapgf *rrfara ntftw, toi fcjpfr

r ftrm * facets, n firm si Tr&r< i

"ft? i sjftro "

3Wfft *fot1 wfas 5^51 lf% ^iws?, "rttfsi

cwtw orm* Ibwrai "^w itwr c^? wffw sra" Mifcrtcyftc* *rtfw i c** "ra^pTt? *rar, ess ^ itPw i

c^? srifotfasj* Tt^tJ? 5^11, fftra ?i ffirai *w iW,^fe*f ^ft%i

c*rfa w* *tfar wfnw *%t ft ?? ft 5? fasi ^fare itPw i ttartfW, >ftpF, HUt%l Tt^P, n wr, rwrl cfc ft* sfo i"

^wrtOTi #rro srl^w, "^rr^i \ t^ssri c?te*

wiw i t?, fog ^1 ^TOU, itn ftt? ttft dNsfari BfSrai cm i ntetufenfrt cwT%t, *tf* *foretfci^t%r 5(1, tot? tim^ w itf^ri 1%ft tww cTffe vfim i

d TttUG TOT TOT *tfRr ; IT? ft? *f^f ^USCW, C^ ^TtSTt1

t^tc^ ftr i ^5TTt% ifw? ^ *rf%9i i *fr flrt^, ^tt?twT%|jfl ^f?reT? (TTt srtt, >t^r ^rcTt^f 1 ^t^l i^t^rl ^^i^tc?5te ^twwi ^5^1 ^t^i im^^ ftwtft?

^ V3J ^tSfa *f*StF5 *ftf?"5 I

*ltf% *rf*w,Brtft 4iWfl if*RtfFcaftm ftv^n l

Wtl #Tfatf$ 5Ttf*tS! Ittf% csN ^f*w, "^3 f% ? ^rtwl strict^ *r i

ifpn, ft c*r*tw *fen *rfo*f, c^rt^ i"

'rtatw fc*rf^s fe*rc i rt% ^torFm 5* ?fw, "^tfa smt?

B^f^rm i ?rww? afa* fen i ^fo *rre^re ^fSrai *n c?, fc*t*ft rtci i"

#tTfaw ^t^ra ^tre ^*n#5 b^r^i re*p5 ^ntfe^w

5^91 ^W*F Wfere ft1%9R I^re^ rn:5f fttfi ^fircsrc srt i cre* "strw srf^s ^lt5

TO^t srstrc *ttf%? *rr*treT TOR wtfor ^ I

$^ ^t?tfWCf? *T?n*rc?nr W^Rft* I TT#l tsff^5tft

srfa1%3i ,srt^rc*f1sT swafsit, ^rr* fkw^ Tta^reat^ i ira cpr

cm 4i

^3 t%5Pf

^ifojiifs*) i fsgto c*t niw istjh

nfRm cetf ^rfori 5rfi, >'?Rjt% ft $TRm ftra Tte fwl T^-fa

R*rnl 1

uwt* tow ^ ^jaffas stt*rc i f*fc*w, "*t, Iwf ifttfr

^ i ^5Trt%? icr fof wi "fwT ; ^ ^ttf*nrrf5 i h i ^ *rtr i

cnt^ src^*ta ct frol tttwf ^tw sstsre fsrf&M TtsrfBri c^Wte rrf^5 ?

^C^4! Major Edwardes *R1 f^ffa CHMfe ^ OR1 ton

STt?, Hit, ^ Htf, ?W*f^ 15tCr* I^R I f*FT C^ttR fait*!

cRt? f*rfH c*& fwtsni^ c*r ^"R fefN c>Rfa ^ipR

$t3t?rt

faz*m on, erit9 wre i^-faftm tusra to tot^ i#t^T=w ?foc*R, fwit ifH %r i"

*fttirt %st %i 5f?rc*R i *w 4^ Tter 4*nM iforr* twl farrcs i

*fTT% *f%*r, "wr? rt^rsf' f

w ^ srer ^tct ^tci f% *nrfa*f ^faera i *nrfK ^f?5l ^tsw

c*w?i ***fi irtifrm citst? Snrcjmtft stfirai, rtf% ^ itw

cmi c** fcm, c*3 Mm, cwrwfi^ c** f^ft^, *%i ^ft*r 15t*[ f?*f, f?T, CP? ftfc ffBT, C3 fS*Tt fat, ftft ft*! I

croft wt ftfronf ^bot cwfan, sPrai its ; f3i*rt$toi iwfrl

ftntffa fawmi ^? ?" ^w, "rtm? nft *wfk^ 1"

ctt fw=r C5wi ittsr *rcf5t^ f%f fccfcR 1 ^ r fwtftartf^rs 1 fcwtffc* stfari ^n:^ Tt^wi *tre fan cm 1 nw*t*j ?

croft ^fspr, ?^5 ^ isrfCf TTtZ^ I Ml

*t*t ^fawn Hi

*rt% i ^t*i 45>rf? itoR i

itf&i i c*rfr 'srfs? ftum fart amn i

5t^,

*t*Rt* *tirj i ^refa irtwt^t c*tw rtw srr^>f?raisfsrsf i ^irtw? *rtft #5Tr *rift? ^pfk^ *f?rre sfsw i

^ m *wi ntfen to i ?ftwrttf ^rfert ^tfawwt to iffl c*tf artw| fft*H, "

rFRifc

^ f5ratpf ^t=rsr

TO r

toi *Ww ^rf^cR, "re ?f?Rt^ ^f^$ *ftwr *firc* rw^f

"res ^rrfore ?n ? *rtft arai sfarm i"

TOf, ^C8! ^pf "9W Utta [ SOT ^JftW ! ^ 3?tCT !" I^mito, ^ TOW reR w towffr ! yttz !" fltta

*Wr?R*ni Ifftftt^ TO^ ^tf^t ?rfrC*H, "CW% C&ftTtt fiffavi

it* hi *finn ^ *rt*t fwl wfcwci ; commit* fafwl >n#ft tt?l ^1fiifi*tfov< TN^rm s^sre i ^wr. tHtfaq ^f?ral irear cwfawn, fori?

fwnt wtj tsihothi item* i nmn %wf ^ftn

"wrsw ! crt, fwor tf wrH*r c^ffr? *wi cw

t fftW

stear, ftw fc*if (wm^ftOTtw Wftfsr "*tfa ^wi c*t

4CH*tttH *ttf% pfcrtw fwt fafHta ffa Ht? ; ih

*[?r ^rtntH HfawH, "Hire* sfa fwi cntfafHta fH'.ttH

*ftf% orftsf, frfHtat hi i

ofe^ nfawH, "rtHtt chh, f&s* *rr^*i fwl

*r *fl?w

?ff%f i *fft? &rcr? w, *rfa ^ rtf5m i fafc

?%*r, ""rtf% ! ftfa^ire? &rc(? ^f^j iH i *rfft?

wf 1$ fcfon, *t

fHwre (icw, umjft*t, &q jti i ^ft ^f%? aprapw ?^r?f%?rc 1^5 ^fon ^fm\w i *rft*ra irc *fffo w ?n Jtii

c^tsnn

^ftww ?pri 5jf%re ttfara i"

=?tf^ ^fsrats i ^fasr* tfwK 7?, csrire fft^j fjr^ ^frft

*ntf*R I *t3p C7 f *f3F ^t?t iTtt I ^EW f*!3RJft| I ^t?! t^w?c*fa wff 53,

APPENDIX I.

HI8T0EY OF THE SANNYASI BEBELLION.From Warren Hastings' Letters m Qhig's Memoirs.

Ton will hear of great disturbances committed by the Sinassies, or wandering

Faokeers, who annually infest the province about this time of the year, in pilgrimages toJaggernaut, going in bodies of 1,000, and sometimes even 10,000 men. An officer of

reputation (Captain Thomas) lost his life in an unequal attack upon a party of thesebanditti, about 3,000 of them, near Bungpore, with a small party of Pergana sepoys,

which has made them more talked of than they deserve. The revenue, however, has

felt the effects of their ravages in the northern districts. The new establishment of

sepoys which is now forming on the plan enjoined by the Court of Direotors, and the

distribution of them ordered for the internal protection of the provinces, will, I hope,

effectually secure them hereafter from these incursions.

Hastings to Sir George

Colebrookedated 2nd February 1713.Gleig's Memoirs, Vol. I. 282.

Our own provinces have worn something of a warlike appearance this year, having

been infested by a band of Senassies, who have defeated two small parties of Furgmmahsepoys (a rascally corps), and cut off the two officers who commanded them. One wasCaptain Thomas, whom yon know. Four battalions of the brigade sepoys are now inpursuit of them, but they will not stand an engagement, and have neither camp

equipage, nor even clothes, to retard their flight. Yet I hope we shall yet make an

example of some of thom ; as they are shut in by the rivers, whioh they oannot pass

when olosely pursued.The history of this people is curious. They inhabit, or rather possess, the country

lying south of the hills of Tibbet from Caubnl to China. They go mostly naked. They

have neither towns, houses, nor families, but rove continually from place to place,

recruiting their numbers with the healthiest ohildren they can steal in the countries

through whioh they pass. Thus they are the stoutest and most active men inIndia. Many are merchants. They are all pilgrims, and held by all castes of Gentoosin great veneration. This infatuation prevents our obtaining any intelligence of their

motions, or aid from the oonntry against them, notwithstanding very rigid orders

whioh have been published for these purposes, insomuch that they often appear in

the heart of the province as if they dropped from heaven. They are hardy, bold, and

enthusiastic to a degree surpassing credit. Such are the Senassies, the gipsies of

Hindostan. ;

ii APPENDIX I

We hare dissolved all the Purgunnah sepoys, and fixed stations of the brigadesepoys on our frontiers, which are to be employed only in the defence of the provinces,and to be relieved every three months. This, I hope, will secure the peace of thecountry against future irruptions, and as they are no longer to be employed in thecollections, the people will be frfed from the oppressions of our own plunderers.Hastings to Josias Dupre.9th Mfych 1773.

We have lately been much troubled here with herds of desperate adventurerscalled Senassies, who have over-run the province in great numbers, and committed greatdepredations. The particulars of these disturbances, and of our endeavours to repeltbem, yon will find in our general letters and consultations, which will acquit thegovernment of any degree of blame from such a calamity. At this time we have fivebattalions of sepoys in pursuit of them, and I have still hopes of exacting amplevengeance for the mischief they have done us, as they have no advantage over us, butin the speed with which they fly from us. A minute relation of these adventurers can-not amuse you, nor indeed are they of groat moment ; for which reason give me leaveto drop this subject and lead you to one in which you cannot but be more interested,SxEastings to Purlingdated 31st March 1173, para 4.Gleig'8 Memoirs ofEastingsVol I. 294.

In my last I mentioned that we had every reason to suppose the SenaRsieFakiers had entirely evacuated the Company's possessions. Such were the advices 1then received, and their usual progress made this.highly probable ; but it seems theywere either disappointed in crossing the Burramputrah rivor, or they changed theirintention, and returned in several bands of about 2000 or 3000 each

;appearing

unexpectedly in different parts of the *Bungpoor and Dinagepoor provinces. For inspite of the strictest orders issued and the severest penalties threatened to the inhabi-tants, in case they fail in giving intelligence of the approach of the Benassies, they

are so infatuated by superstition, as to be backward in giving the information, so thatthe banditti are sometimes advanced into the very heart of our provinces, before w,.know anything of their motions ; as if they dropt from heaven to punish the inhabitantsfor their folly. One of these parties falling in with a small detachment commanded byCaptain Edwards, an engagement ensued, wherein bur sepoys gave way, and CaptainEdwards lost his life in endeavouring to cross a nullah. This detachment was formedof the very worst of our Purgunnah sepoys, who seem to have behaved very ill. Thissucoess elated the Senassies, and I heard of their depredations from every quarter inthose districts. Captain Stuwart, with the 19th battalion of sepoys, who was beforeemployed againct them, was vigilant in the pursuit, wherever he could hear of them,but to no purpose

;they were gone before he could reach the places to which he

was directed. I ordered another battalion from Burrampore to march immediately, to

APPENDIX I iii

oo-operate with Captain Stuwart, but to act separately ; in order to have the betterehanoe of falling in with them. At the same time I ordered another battalion to marchfrom the Dinapoor station, through Tyroot, and by the northern frontier of the Pnrneahprovince, following the track which the Senassies usually took, in order to interceptthem, incase they marched that way. This battalion, after acting against the Senassies,if oocasion offered, was directed to pursue their march to Cooch Bahar, where they areto join Captain Jones, and assist in the reduction of that country.

Several parties of the Senassies having entered into the Pnrneah province,burning and destroying many villages there; the collector applied to Captain Brooke,who was just arrived at Panity, near Eajahmahl with his new-raised battalion of lightinfantry. That officer immediately crossed the river, and entered upon measures

against the Senassies ; and had very near fallen in with a party of them, just as they

were crossing the Cosa river, to escape out of that province ; be arrived on the

opposite bank before their rear had entirely crossed ; but too late to do any executionamong them.

It is apparent now that the Sennassies are glad to escape as fast as they can

out of the Company's possessions ; but I am still in hopes that some of the manydetachments now acting against them may fall in with some of their parties, andpunish them oxemplarily for their audacity.

It is impossible, but that, on account of the various depredations which the

Senassies have committed, the revenue must fall short in some of the Company's

districts ; as well from real as from pretended losses. The Board of Revenue, aware ofthis last consideration, have come to the resolution of admitting no pleas for a reduc-

tion of revenue, but such as are attended with circumstances of conviction, and bythis means they hope to prevent, as much as in their power, all impositions on theGovernment, and to render the loss to the Company as inconsiderable as possible.Effectual means will be used, by stationing some small detachments at proper posts on

our frontier, to prevent any future inoursions from the Senassie Fakiers, or any other

roving banditti ; a measure, which only the extraordinary audacity of their last incur-

sions hath manifested to be necessary. This will be effected without employing

many troops ; and I hope, that in no future time the revenues shall again suffer fromthis cause.

Hastings to Sir George Colebrookedated 31st March 1773.

The Seniassies threatened us with the same disturbances at the beginning ofthis year as we experienced from them the last. But by being yearly provided tooppose them, and one or two severe oheoks which they received in their first attempts,

we have kept the oountry dear of them. A party of horse which we employed in

pursuit of them, has ohiefly contributed to intimidate these ravagers, who seem topay little regard to our sepoys, having so much the advantage of them in speed, onwhioh they entirely rely for their safety. It is my intention to prooeed more

V'

effectually against them by expelling them from their fixed residences which they have

established in the north-eastern quarter of the province, and by making Bevere examples

'*rr=mtW fafm touch tfca?

^5 nfo*r&t ffat* 'fflfTO ^rft iwi ^fir cl i ,*rwii #w rfft *rcar* fw?i to-*tfar& ^pfirarf^

c$ *\ tot r- ^tf^r^, ^rr^, ^rcpwfwt fasts, w t^mt

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