An Overview on Treatment of Waste Water From Bulk Drug Industries
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Transcript of An Overview on Treatment of Waste Water From Bulk Drug Industries
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An Overview on Treatment of
Waste Water from Bulk Drug
Industries
Mriganka Sekhar Mukhopadhyay*
Technical Assistant Civil Engineering Department
National Institute of Technology Durgapur WestBengal
713209
,..
Dr. Soumya Bhattacharyya
Associate Professor Civil Engineering Department
National Institute of Technology Durgapur West Bengal
7 32 9
Dr. Vijay Kumar Dwivedi
Professor
Head Civil Engineering Department
National Institute of Technology Durgapur West Bengal
713209
Abstract
Manufacture of pharmaceutical compounds
using chemical synthesis involves a complex series
of many batch processes. The processes generate
wastewaters having high values of BOD
5'
COD and
TDS. The paper overviewed present status ofwaste
water and treatment possibility in Bulk Drug
Industries in India. The paper cited characteristics
of waste water and possible treatment systems of
different bulk drug indulitries.
Key Words: Bulk Drug Aerobic Biological
Treatment C.O.D. B.O.D.
1. INTRODUCTION
The modus operandi of a pharmaceutical
industry has three main stages: (1) research and
development; (2) conversion of organic and natural
substances into bulk pharmaceutical substances or
ingredients through fermentation, extraction, and
or chemical synthesis; and (3) formulation and
assembly of the final pharmaceutical product(4).
Chemical synthesis forms the basic process for
preparing the compounds that are used today as
pharmaceutical products. The manufacture of
pharmaceutical compounds through chemical
synthesis mainly involves a complex series of batch
processes where many intermediate stages are
present and many chemical reactions take place
sequentially. The processes use various raw
materials and generate wastes and emissions(1.2,3)
~ Corresponding authour
Mriganka Sekhar Mukhopadhyay
Near Sarbamongala Banka Bridge, Bhatchala Para,
P.O. Sripally, Burdwan, Pin-713103
e-mail: [email protected]
Phone:09434666881
The wastewaters arise mainly from equipment
cleaning other than the usual manufacturing
streams, such as pump seal waters, waste
scrubbers' wastewaters, boiler blow down and floor
washing. The wastewater may therefore be high in
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical
oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids
(TSS), with a wide range of pH from 1 to 116.
It is clear that the bulk drug manufacturing
industries generate different waste products which
are unfavorable to environment. The widespread
use of pharmaceutical. drugs for various therapeutic
needs resulted in detection of pharmaceutical
chemicals in the environment. To keep the
environment and ecology unaffected, the generated
waste should be treated before disposal to the
environment and the rate of generation of waste
should also be minimized.
2.0 OBJECTIVE OF PAPER
The objective of the present paper is to review
the present situation of characteristics and
treatment possibility ofwaste water from different
Indian bulk drug industries.
3 CHARACTERISTICS
OF WASTEWATER
FROM BULK DRUG INDUSTRIES
Based on study of different common effluent
treatment plants of Hyderabad(5,6). average
physicochemical characteristics of the bulk drug as
well as Formulation are given in table 3.1 and 3.2.
Table 3.1 : Typical Physicochemical
Characteristics of Centrally Collected
Wastewater of Common Effluent
Treatment Plant of Hyderabad.(6)
Table 3 2 : Typical Characteristics of
Wastewater from a Bulk Drug Industry in
Hyderabad (the main product being
Terbinafine Hydrochloride).(5)
Volume2013-14. Number 2 . July 2013
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SI.No. Parameter
Concentration
1.
pH
8.14
2.
COD (mgll) 736Q
3.
BOD (mgll)
1960
4.
Total solids (mgll)
14950
5.
Dissolved solids (mgll)
14000
6. Suspended solids (mgll) 950
SI.No.
Parameter
Quantity
1.
pH
7.2-8.0
2. TSS
2800-3000 me:/lit
3.
TDS 8500-9000 mg-/lit
4.
COD
13000 mg/lit-15000 mg/lit
5. BOD 7000-7500 Jllg/lit
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Mriganka Sekhar Mukhopadhyay Soumya Bhattacharyya Vijay Kumar Dwivedi
It is observed from table 3.1 and 3.2, that
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved
Solids (TDS) Total Suspended Solids (TSS) of the
wastewater samples Were found to be very high.
The BOD: COD ratio is 0.266 and 0.5 respectively
and the pH shows alkaline nature indicating the
complexity of the wastewater in both cases.
Characteristics of wastewater from a bulk drug
industry near Ko-lkata(7) and a molasses
fermentation based bulk drug industry rich in
organic matter are shown in table 3.3 and table 3.4
respectively.
Table 3.3 : Typical Characteristics of
Wastewater from a Bulk Drug Industry in
Kolkata(7)
Table 3.4 : The Average Physicochemical
Characteristics of the Raw Effluent from a
Bulk Drug Industry of Solapur(8)
It is observed from tables 3.3 3.4 that the
values of BOD, COD different types of solid are
very high. On the other hand pH is very low.
4.0 TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER FROM
BULK DRUG INDUSTRIES
The wastewater generated during manufac-
turing of bulk drugs is treated in effluent treatment
plant (ETP), which generates ETP sludge. The
wastes of high calorific value, like distillation
residue, spent carbon, etc are incinerated, which
produces incineration ash. ETP sludge and
incineration ash samples are collected from
industries and are analyzed for relevant
parameters from treatment and disposal point of
view.
Table 4.1: Treatment option vs. parameter
wise removal quality and constraints:
Various types of wastewater streams ae
generated in the manufacturing of bulk drugs. Also
it was observed that the wastewater streams are very
difficult to treat only biologically
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.:'
Mriganka Sekhar Mukhopadhyay Soumya Bhattacharyya
Vijay Kumar Dwivedi
followed by biological treatment (aerobic) appeared
to be the viable option.
Reference:
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Prevention and Waste Treatment in Chemical
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. .
Unconventional
WaterRes ourceevelopment
Effluent Watertreatment Engineers (P) Ltd.
P-22, CIT Road (10th Floor)
.
Kolkata-700 014
Tel: 033+22498804/6869
Gram
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