An Overview on Population of PWDs in Malaysia

An Overview on Employment of PWDs in Malaysia

Legal Framework and National Policies for PWDsand Employment in Malaysia

Programmes and Initiatives by the MalaysianGovernment

Challenges and Strategies

No. Race %

1. Bumiputera 68.6%

2. Chinese 23.4%

3. Indian 7.0%

4. Others 1.0%

5. Non-Citizen 10.3%

3

MALAYSIA

3

Population:

31.7 million

(2016)

Source: Department of Statistics, Malaysia

TYPE OF DISABILITIES

NUMBERS PERCENTAGE

Physical 134,405 34.5%

Learning 137,481 35.3%

Hearing 30,894 7.9%

Visual 34,925 9.0%

Speech 1,977 0.5%

Mental 31,591 8.1%

Multiple 18,080 4.6%

TOTAL : 389,353 100%

Statistics on PWD’s(As At June 2016)

<67-12

13-1819-21

22-3536-45

46-59>60

11,936

51,227 49,798

20,768

77,424

50,855

74,867

52,491

DEFINITION OF

PERSONS WITH

DISABILITIES (PWDs)

“Persons with

disabilities include

those who have long

term physical,

mental, intellectual or

sensory impairments

which in interaction

with various barriers

may hinder their full

and effective

participation in

society“

Source : Persons With Disabilities Act 2008

PWD’S REGISTRATION ACCORDING TO AGE GROUP

Estimated PWDs in the working age population is 000000

UNTAPPED RESOURCES: MALAYSIAN SCENARIO

31,700,000

389,353

Registered PWDs against Total Population

Population Registered PWDs

NO CATEGORY GENDER TOTAL

M F

1 PWDs 663 305 968

2 Elderly 140 32 172

3 Single Mothers 12 171 183

4 Housewives 0 71 71

5 Destitute People 1 0 1

1,395

Source: Jobs Malaysia (1/1/2016 – 15/10/2016)

OVERVIEW OF EMPLOYMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED PEOPLE IN MALAYSIA

ILO Convention 159 & Recommendation 169

The recommendation provides that “where possible and appropriate”, socialsecurity schemes should provide, or contribute to the organization, developmentand financing of training, placement and employment (including shelteredemployment programmes and vocational rehabilitation services for disabledpersons, including rehabilitation counseling.

Malaysian Employment Social Security Act 1969 / SJSN Act 2004

Section 40 (1)

The Organization may, in addition to the scheme of benefits specified in this Act,promote measures or co-operate with existing institutions for the improvementof the health, occupational safety and welfare of insured persons and for therehabilitation and re-employment of insured persons who have been disabled orinjured and may incur in respect of such measures expenditure from the funds ofthe Organization within such limits as may be prescribed by the Minister.

LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR EMPLOYMENT

8

NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION FOR PWDS

• Double Tax Deductions (Income Tax Act 1967)

• Double Deduction For Expenditure Incurred in Training Any Disabled Person who is not an employee of the company with the aim of enhancing prospects of employment

• Exemption from Sales Tax for Supporting Equipment or Assistive Devices Classified as Medical & Educational Equipment

• Assistance Allowance for the PWDs

• Start-up Grant for Small Entrepreneur

• Business Enhancement Assistance Scheme (BEAS) for PWDs

MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES

PROGRAMMES AND INITIATIVES

CB

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vate

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anie

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Os

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al…

Dep

art.

of

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uca

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n

Dep

art.

of

Lab

ou

r

Stu

den

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ese

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SO

CS

O

Min

istr

y o

f H

ealt

h

656

300254

338

117 9834 17

54

No. of Job Coaches Up to Dec 2015

485

No. of PWD’s Employed under Job Coach Service

Total: 1, 868

SAME JOB SAME EMPLOYER

SIMILAR JOB SAME EMPLOYER

DIFFERENT JOB SAME EMPLOYER

SAME JOB DIFFERENT EMPLOYER

SIMILAR JOB DIFFERENT EMPLOYER

DIFFERENT JOB DIFFERENT EMPLOYER

SELF EMPLOYMENT

RETURN TO WORK HIERARCHY

• Multi tasking

• Lack of experience

• Lack of vocational skills

• Lack of self confidence

• Insecure

• Lack of confidences

• Lack of experience

• Lack of knowledge

Employers Parents

Job CoachPerson

with Disabilities

CHALLENGES & STRATEGIES

• Frictional : temporary Unemployment when moving from one job to

another

• Structural: Unemployment due to mismatch between location of jobs

and location of job seekers

• Cyclical : Unemployment due to recession

• Technological : Unemployment due to replacement of workers by

machines

• Seasonal : Unemployment because Occupation not in demand at

certain season

• Disability : Unemployment due to injuries or diseases

Case Management Approach Replicable to Different Unemployment Categories

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO UNEMPLOYMENT

Restrictive rules and regulations relating to training or employment.

Work practices which are impossible for people with certain disabilities to observe.

Inaccessible Workplaces.

The assumptions, often negative which employers and others make about the abilities and working capacity of PWDs.

BARRIERS IN EMPLOYMENT OF PWDS

Insured persons motivation on compensation.

Stigma from employers (particularly stereotyped diseases).

Dependency on foreign workers.

Poor infrastructure (public transportation).

Inaccessible environment.

Disclosure issues.

CHALLENGES

Partnership with employers.

Partnership with agencies (Department of Labour) and associations.

Coordination with case managers.

Coordination & good relationship with insured person/ family members.

Natural support for retention of workers.

Marketing strategies

SUCCESS FACTORS

Cost of exclusion

• Loss of excluding PWDs from the labour market is enormous

• Cost of benefits & welfare services are large and growing group is high and has become unaffordable in many countries.

Social Security Organisation of Malaysia

“The social exclusion of persons with disabilities in Malaysia entailed an estimated loss to the GDP of between US $1.18 and US $1.68 billion”. (Khor, 2002, Employment of Persons with Disabilities, Social-Economic & Environmental Research Institute, Vol. 4(3):4 – 7)

Cost of exclusion

• Countries are beginning to recognize that by opening opportunities for PWDs in the labour market, this cost can be significantly reduced

• Employees with injuries/illnesses can live independently and

contribute to the national economy.

Social Security Organisation of Malaysia