An overview of the unexplored underutilized fruit crops of ...
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An overview of the unexplored underutilized fruit crops of Assam, India
Bikash Hazarika* Regional Agricultural Research Station, Gossaigaon, Assam Agricultural University, Gossaiga-
on- 783360 (Assam), India
Manha Bathari Regional Agricultural Research Station, Diphu, Assam Agricultural University, Diphu- 782460
(Assam), India
Vinod Upadhyay Regional Agricultural Research Station, Gossaigaon, Assam Agricultural University, Gossaiga-
on- 783360 (Assam), India
Sunil Kumar Paul Regional Agricultural Research Station, Gossaigaon, Assam Agricultural University, Gossaiga-
on- 783360 (Assam), India
Mahadev Uzir Basumutary Regional Agricultural Research Station, Gossaigaon, Assam Agricultural University, Gossaiga-
on- 783360 (Assam), India
Palash Thengal Regional Agricultural Research Station, Gossaigaon, Assam Agricultural University, Gossaiga-
on- 783360 (Assam), India
Utpal Kotoky Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat- 785013 (Assam), India
*Corresponding author. E. mail: [email protected]
Article Info
https://doi.org/10.31018/
jans.v12i3.2343
Received: August 8, 2020
Revised: September 7, 2020
Accepted: September 11,2020
How to Cite
Hazarika, B. et al. (2020). An overview of the unexplored underutilized fruit crops of Assam, India. Journal of Applied and
Natural Science, 12(3): 442 - 453. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i3.2343
This work is licensed under Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). © : Author (s). Publishing rights @ ANSF.
Journal of Applied and Natural Science 12(3): 442 - 453 (2020)
Published online: September 14, 2020
ISSN : 0974-9411 (Print), 2231-5209 (Online)
journals.ansfoundation.org
Review Article
INTRODUCTION
In the present scenario, the fast development and
busy nature of the human race has led to imbalance
not in their health but also to the environment in which
they are living. Wild and domesticated diversity is
composed of nearly 3000 tropical fruit species; only a
few are cultivated on a large scale (Mishra et al.,
2003). These species (approximately 600 tropical and
Abstract Assam is the largest state of North-East India. This state is considered as one of the most extravagant biodiversity hotspots of
the world because of its different geography, atmosphere and agro-environmental conditions. Various plant species that incor-
porate natural products have their starting point in this locale. A considerable number of these are yet to be developed in wild or
semi-wild states. Regardless of the huge hereditary decent variety of these natural products, just a couple have been grown as
business crops for their monetary, social and strict significance. Some of the explored fruit crops of Assam that have many po-
tentials of being used not only in culinary purpose but also in much Ayurvedic medicine which is still underutilized Some of the
underutilized fruit (UUF) crops of Assam are Kordoi/Carambola (Averrhoa Carambola), Leteku/Burmese grape (Baccurea sapi-
da), Amra/Hog plum (Spondius mangifera), Jalphai/Olive (Olea europaea), Bael/Stone apple (Aegle marmelos), Imli/Tamarind
(Tamarindus indica), Jamun/Wild Jamun (Sygium cuminii), Thekera/Garcinia spp., Poniol/Govorners plum (Falcourita jango-
mas), Outenga/Elephant fruit (Delinia indica ) and Amlokhi/ Indian Goose berry (Phyllanthus emblica) etc. Fruits have multipur-
pose utilisations and consequently assume critical job, particularly, for the prosperity of country individuals by giving suste-
nance, family pay and business. Huge numbers of these natural fruits have been utilised as customary restorative plants and
some have discovered a significant spot in the Indian arrangement of Ayurvedic medicine and Unani since days of yore. Re-
gardless of their latent capacity, these indigenous fruit crops are less known both at scientific and farmers level particularly in
our region and some of them like wild jackfruit (Artocarpus hirsutus), Rattan (Calamus rotang) , Naga tenga (Myrica esculenta)
etc. which are nearer to extinction.
Keywords: Assam, Ayurvedic, Extinction, Minor fruits, Underutilized fruits
443
Hazarika, B. et al. / J. Appl. & Nat. Sci. 12(3): 442 - 453 (2020)
subtropical) are better known in their domains of as-
sorted diversity and have not yet been utilised to their
most extreme limit. There exists a rich assorted varie-
tal diversity of fruits over the tropical and sub-tropical
areas of the world, with in excess of 500 types of fruits
evaluated to be found in South East Asia alone. South
and Southeast Asia represent above 300 species of
native minor fruits (Barua et al., 2019). Assam has
been the point of convergence of different tropical and
temperate fruit species, a huge part of which still re-
main in a wild or semi-wild state. Regardless of the
wide varying assortment of these fruits, simply some criti-
cal fruits like mango, banana, citrus and guava have
gained popularity (Beluhan and Ranogajec, 2010).
Due to the wide agro-climatic condition prevailed in the
state of Assam, this underutilized fruit (UUF) crop
grows in the wild nature and is considered as one of
the hot spots in India (Asati and Yadav, 2004). The
region has a rich source of diverse Kordoi/Carambola
(Avverhoea carambola), Leteku/Burmese grape
(Bacearuia sapida), Amra/Hog plum (Spondius cythe-
ra), Jalphai/Olive (Elacocarpus floribunda), Bael/Stone
apple (Aegle mermelos), Imli/Tamarind (Tamarindus
indica), Jamun/Wild Jamun (Sygium cuminii), Thekera/
Garcinia spp., Poniol/Govorners plum (Falcourita jan-
gomas) Outenga/Elephant fruit (Delinia indica) and
Amlokhi (Phyllanthus emblica) etc. For example, in
Assam Garcinia spp. grow extensively in wild and semi
-wild state, the sundried slice of fruit pieces are being
used in culinary purpose and also used in folk medi-
cine. Species, like Garcinia pedunculata, G. kydia, G.
cowa and G. lancifolia are the most important species
found in Assam (Barua et al., 2019).
UNDERUTILIZED FRUITS
The potential underutilized fruits (Plate 1) have been
discussed in brief including their habitat, dissemina-
tion, morphological depiction, quality attributes and
potential uses.
Bael (Aegle marmelos): Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.)
commonly known as bael tree belonging to Rutaceae
family. The tree grows wild in dry forests on hills and
plains of central and southern India, Burma, Pakistan
and Bangladesh, also in mixed deciduous and dry dip-
terocarp forests (Neha et al., 2014). It is a medium-
size tree achieving tallness up to 20 feet and accepted
to originate in India (Plate 1, a). The mash of the or-
ganic product is expended crude and prepared to
make different worth included items like sharbat,
squash, jam and so forth. The squash is profoundly
nutritious, and it gives relief from constipation. The
unripe Fruit is endorsed for looseness of the bowels
and diarrhoea. The ripe Fruit is diuretic and useful for
heart and mind. Bael is utilised in almost 60 protected
medications. A crystalline substance 'Marmelosin' pre-
sent in Fruit has remedial/nutraceutical properties. It is
assessed that each 100 gm of the pulp of Bael contain
61.5 gm of water, 1.80 gm of protein, 0.39 gm of fats,
1.70 gm of minerals, 31.8 gm of sugars, 55 mg of car-
otene, 0.13 gm of thiamine, 1.19 gm riboflavin, 1.1 mg
of niacin and 8 gm. of nutrient C (Barua et al., 2019).
Likewise, trifoliate leaves are utilised in puja and peti-
tions of Lord Shiva (Neha et al., 2014).
Kordoi (Averrhoa Carambola): It has a place with
family Oxalidaceae and is also known as 'Kordoi' in
Assamese (Assam). It is found all over the north east-
ern area. The Carambola or "star fruit" (Plate 1, b), an
elongated fruit is made out of 5 carpels with a star-
moulded cross section. It is popularly called as star
fruit due to the special shape of the Fruit that resem-
bles a star. The pungency in Fruit is because of calci-
um oxalate crystals present in the flesh, which forms
oxalic acid when get dissolved in saliva (Patel et al.,
2008). It is a slow-growing, short-trunked evergreen
tree with moderate to heavy branching, fully mature
trees surpass 25-30 feet vertically and 20-25 feet hori-
zontally. Carambola fruits are oval to ellipsoid, with 5
to 6 longitudinal ribs. The skin is thin, pale to profound
yellow and smooth with a waxy cuticle like skin. The
fruit flesh is a light yellow-to-bright golden yellow,
clear, fresh and juicy, fibreless. Root concentrate of
Carambola is utilised as a cure for poisoning, and
squashed leaves are utilised for relieving chickenpox,
ringworm and scabies. It is a rich source of reducing
sugar, ascorbic acids and minerals, for instance, po-
tassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphate and fur-
thermore nutrient A (560 IU/100 gm) (Das and Pra-
kash, 2009). The natural products are broadly utilised
for planning of squash and pickles. The rough natural
items are astringent to the gut, stop detachment of the
insides and hurling causes biliousness. The Fruit and
squashes prepared are useful for draining heaps or
piles and accepted to be a decent solution for jaun-
dice, throat inflammation, mouth ulcer, toothache,
cough, asthma, hiccups, indigestion, food poisoning, col-
ic, diarrhoea, (Dasgupta et al., 2013). Carambola is
broadly utilised in ancient Ayurveda (Sheth and Ashok,
2005).
Amlokhi (Phyllanthus emblica): Amla is the first tree
to be created in the universe; which belongs to the
family of Euphorbiaceae and is also known as Phyl-
lanthus emblica or Indian gooseberry (Khan 2009).
Amla is native to India and also grows in tropical and
subtropical regions of Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Sri
Lanka, South East Asia, China and Malaysia The
plant grows wild furthermore as cultivated crops in
Assam (Khan 2009). It is a deciduous tree in subtropi-
cal climate with sparse foliage. It is also called Fruit of
21st century and Amritphal Fruit (Plate 1, c). Due to
hardy prolific bearing nature amlokhi is becoming high-
444
ly remunerative. The Fruit is very nutritive and rich in
vitamin C (600mg/100g). The fruits are made into mor-
raba, sauce, candy, dried chips, tablets, jellies and
pickles etc. The antioxidant and other constituents are
well retained in dried Amlokhi. They are highly valued
as vitality restorer, antiscorbutic, diuretic, alternative
and antibiotic and are employed within the treatment
of chronic dysentery, diarrhoea, jaundice, dyspepsia,
diabetes and cough etc (Deka et al., 2012). Only as-
tringent Fruit is employed for Ayurvedic medicine. It is
also employed in tanning and dyeing industries (Deka
et al., 2012).
Amora (Spondius mangifera): It is a tree allied to
Manigifera, commonly known as Wild mango,
Bile-tree, Hog-plum or Amrata in Ayurvedic system of
medicine (Anonyms, 2001). It is distributed widely in
the tropics and abundantly in the eastern and north-
east regions of India (Muhammad et al., 2015). It is
very useful for treatment against Shigellosis, Tubercu-
losis infection as they're blood purifier and also effec-
tive against scurvy, rickets, diseases. The Fruit may
be a rich source of vitamins (Deka et al., 2012). Fruits
may be eaten raw and may be used for preparation of
pickles (Patel et al., 2008) (Plate 1, d).
Leteku (Baccurea sapida): It is a medium sized tree
found wild within the state. Fruits are round in shape
and creamy to yellow in colour, average weight being
11.9 gms (Plate 1, e). The Fruit is known to content
high antioxidant properties (Mitra et al., 2008a).
Outenga (Dillenia indica): The fruits are eaten
cooked. Excellent jams are often prepared from this
Fruit. The juice of the Fruit mixed with sugar and water
is employed as cooling beverage in fevers and brought
as a cough mixture. It is also used as mild laxative.
Fruits are rich in protein and vitamin C (Plate1, f)
(Deka et al., 2012).
Poniol (Flacourtia jangomos): It is a medium esti-
mated tree with hard spring branches. hardy prolific
bearer The fruits are dull earthy colored in shading
when ripe, tissue is firm, caramel green and moderate-
ly delicious (Plate 1, g). Brushing between hands ren-
dered the Fruit much astringent but rather more satis-
factory and palatable. It is a rich in protein (3.65%),
antioxidant (217.99 mg/100 gm) and mineral like
Phosphorous (146.80 mg/100 gm), Calcium (175.50
mg/100 gm), Potassium (158.10 mg/100 gm) and Iron
(118.30 mg/100 gm) (Sasi et al., 2018). The iron sub-
stance of Poniol is 280 multiple times of very apples. It
additionally contains a few fundamental amino acids
(Rathore, 2012).
Silikha (Terminilia chebula): It is a tall tree, devel-
oped wild in the state yet appreciated by all over India
for its high restorative and medicinal worth (Deka et
al., 2012). Fruits are small, oval and tightening to-
wards the two ends, green when fresh and dark and
hard subsequent when dried (Plate 1, h). It has a wide
scope of medicinal uses and it is significant segment
of numerous Ayurvedic drugs. It assists with restoring
gastric difficulty, acid reflux and answered to be gain-
ful against Asthma, Piles, Worm, Colic Pain, Heart
Diseases, Scabies, Lever Jaundice, Stone, and CUPS
(Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis), Eye Dis-
eases and Vomiting and so forth (Roy et al., 1998).
Jamun (Syzygium cuminii): It is a tall tree; growing
both in wild and semi-wild state. It is utilised as both
avenue or as a breeze break. The fruits are little oval
fit as a fiddle with dark purple shading (Plate 1, i). The
Fruit held a significant situation towards wellbeing. It is
utilised as a viable medication against diabetes, heart
and liver difficulty (Rathore, 2012). Aside from Fruit,
seed likewise have benefits. The seeds contain an
alkaloid Jambosin and a glycoside Jambolin or An-
timellin which diminishes the diastatic transformation
of starch to sugars. The seed powder is accepted to
decrease the amount of sugar in the urine rapidly
(Mazumdar, 2004).
Garcinia species: Garcinia L. has a place with the fami-
ly Clusiaceae found all through in the tropical areas of
the world. Garcinia L. is evergreen trees or bushes with
greenish gum saps. The individuals from the class
Garcinia L. are potential, high worth therapeutic plants
and have antimicrobial action (Anonymous, 2002).
In India, 30 species announced by T. Anderson in
Flora of British India (1874). Among the 35 species
detailed by Maheswhari (1964), 15 species are re-
membered for North-East India. Kanjilal et al., (1934)
revealed 9 species from unified Assam. Kar et al., (2008)
revealed 8 species from Sonitpur locale of Assam.
A very few species types are domesticated either for
fruits, vegetables, customary drugs or other residential
uses like for making house, firewood and landscaping.
Domesticated species includes Garcinia atroviridis, G.
cowa, G. morella, G. lanceaefolia, G. hombroniana, G.
prainiana and G. mangostana. Individuals from
Garcinia L. species created eatable foods grown from
the ground. G. mangostana is most well-known Fruit
among other species of Garcinia. Individuals from
Garcinia L. utilised for medication of childbirth, for
menstrual issues, looseness of the bowels and fever
in conventional arrangement of medication (Burkill
1935) and furthermore recorded that a few species
have possible treatment for HIV (Rukachaisirikul et
al ., 2003) and Cancer (Nabandith et al., 2004). The
Garcinia species available in Assam is tabulated in
Table 1and shown in Plate 1, j.
UNEXPLORED FRUITS
The following fruits have been known to be found in
North East region with limited information to the local
as well as to the scientific community.
Hazarika, B. et al. / J. Appl. & Nat. Sci. 12(3): 442 - 453 (2020)
445
Hazarika, B. et al. / J. Appl. & Nat. Sci. 12(3): 442 - 453 (2020)
Si.
No
G
arc
inia
Sp
ec
ies a
va
ila
-b
le i
n A
ss
am
L
oc
al
na
me
Hab
ita
t F
ruit
s
Eth
no
bo
tan
y
1
Ga
rcin
ia c
ow
a R
oxb
. (G
arc
inia
kydia
Roxb
.)
Ka
u t
heke
ra
(Ass.)
A
n m
idd
le
siz
ed
eve
r-g
ree
n tre
e
Fru
its s
ize
sm
all
ora
ng
e lik
e 4
-5
cm
in
dia
me
ter
glo
bose
bu
t slig
htly t
ap
erin
g a
nd
so
me
wh
at
ob
liqu
e to
wa
rds t
o th
e a
pe
x,
du
ll re
d o
uts
ide
an
d o
rang
e
insid
e w
he
n r
ipe
.
Th
e f
ruits a
re e
dib
le.
Pre
serv
ed
aft
er
sun-d
rie
d s
lice
s in
As-
sa
me
se h
ouse
ho
ld.
Th
e f
ruits a
nd
le
ave
s u
se
d in
dysen
tery
, d
iarr
he
a.
Yo
un
g le
aves a
re e
ate
n b
y h
ill p
eo
ple
of
Assam
. F
ruits a
re a
lso
use
d in
he
ada
ch
e.
2
Ga
rcin
ia lan
ce
ae
folia
R
oxb
. R
up
oh
i th
ek-
era
(A
ss.)
A
sm
all
eve
r-g
ree
n tre
e
Fru
its s
ma
ll o
vo
id a
bou
t 2
cm
. in
dia
me
ter,
ora
ng
e-y
ello
w in
co
lou
r.
Th
e f
ruits a
re a
cid
ic a
nd
ea
ten r
aw
or
dri
ed
, g
ood
fo
r d
yse
nte
ry;
the
gum
resin
is c
alle
d 'g
am
bog
e' i
su
sed
as m
ed
icin
e a
nd
as
ye
llow
dye
; o
il a
nd
ju
ice
of
fru
its a
re c
oolin
g f
or
feve
r, ja
und
ice
a
nd
urin
ary
tro
ub
les.
3
Ga
rcin
ia o
rella
Desr.
K
uji
the
ke
ra
(Ass.)
A
sm
all
mid
-d
le s
ize
d e
v-
erg
ree
n t
ree
Fru
its 1
.5-2
cm
. in
dia
me
ter
glo
bose
or
slig
htly e
lon
ga
ted
, ye
llow
wh
en
in
rip
e.
Th
e f
ruits a
re e
ate
n r
aw
or
drie
d,
goo
d fo
r d
ysen
tery
. A
co
m-
me
rcia
l sou
rce
of 'g
am
bog
e' o
ccu
rs a
s a
ye
llow
ish
co
lou
r; o
il a
nd
ju
ice
of fr
uits a
re c
oo
ling
fo
r fe
ve
r, d
iabe
tes a
nd
ja
un
dic
e
4
Ga
rcin
ia p
an
icu
lata
Roxb
. S
ch
opa
ten
ga
(A
ss.)
, M
arl
o
(K.)
A s
mall
eve
r-g
ree
n tre
e
Fru
its s
ma
ll (3
-41
x1
2-1
5)
cm
in
siz
e,
ch
err
y,
ye
llow
, succu
-le
nt
with
gra
nula
r stigm
a.
Th
e r
ipe
fru
its a
re e
ate
n a
nd
ve
ry d
elic
iou
s. L
ea
ves a
re u
se
d t
o
tre
ate
d r
oun
d-w
orm
. W
oo
d is m
od
era
tely
ha
rd u
sed
fo
r h
ouse
b
uild
ing,
fire
wo
od
(D
utt
a, 1
985
).
5
Ga
rcin
ia p
ed
uncu
lata
R
oxb
. B
or
theke
ra
(Ass.)
, P
ru-
ma
ng (
K.)
An
eve
r g
ree
n
tre
e,
rath
er
sh
ort
sp
rea
d-
ing
bra
nch
es
Fru
its la
rge
, ye
llow
in
colo
ur
wh
en
rip
e.
Ma
ture
fru
its (
7-
8.2
x2
5-2
9.8
) cm
in
siz
e.
Fre
sh
wt.
of
the
ma
ture
fru
its a
v.
50
0gm
s.
Th
e f
ruits a
re a
cid
ic a
nd
edib
le,
pre
se
rve
d a
fte
r su
nd
rie
d fo
r lo
cal co
nsu
mp
tion
. T
he
old
drie
d f
ruits a
re g
oo
d fo
r d
yse
nte
ry,
dig
estive
an
d c
oolin
g.
Th
e f
ruits a
re a
lso
use
d a
s fix
ative
or
as
a m
ord
an
t fo
r sa
ffro
n d
ye
. W
oo
d is h
ard
has p
ote
ntia
l va
lue
u
se
d f
or
ma
kin
g h
ouse
, w
oo
den
fu
rnitu
re a
nd
tra
ditio
na
l ricem
ill
"Dh
eki"
pre
pa
ration
.
6
Ga
rcin
ia x
an
tho
chym
us
Ho
ok.
(Ga
rcin
ia tin
cto
ria
Wig
ht
Ga
rcin
ia p
icto
riu
s
Ro
xb
.)
Te
po
r te
nga
(A
ss.)
A
n e
ve
rgre
en
m
iddle
siz
ed
tr
ee
Fru
its 3
.5-6
cm
.in
dia
me
ter,
su
b g
lobo
se,
poin
ted
, go
lde
n
ye
llow
in
colo
ur
wh
en
rip
e.
Th
e f
ruits a
re a
cid
ic a
nd
edib
le.
Th
e r
ipe
fru
its u
se
d fo
r m
akin
g
jam
s,
de
licio
us c
hu
tne
y in A
ssa
mese
ho
use
hold
. A
s h
erb
mad
e
fro
m r
ipe
ns a
nd
drie
d fru
its a
re g
ive
n in
dysen
tery
. B
ark
of
the
tr
ee
and
la
tex o
f u
nri
pe
fru
its a
re u
se
d t
o m
ake
ye
llow
dye
. W
oods is h
ard
, g
oo
d fo
r m
akin
g h
ouse
.
7.
Ga
rcin
ia a
ssa
mic
a
(th
is n
ew
sp
ecie
s is a
llied
to
G. n
igro
line
ata
)
- A
n s
em
i-e
ve
rgre
en
tr
ee
gro
ws u
p
to a
he
igh
t o
f 1
5m
Fru
its a
re tu
rbin
ate
and
sm
oo
th w
ith
2 to
5 s
ee
ds w
ith
a
ve
rtic
ally
gro
ove
d s
urf
ace
a
nd
tip
ma
mm
illa
te
A n
ew
Ga
rcin
ia s
pe
cie
s fo
und
in
No
rth E
ast In
dia
, it is h
ith
ert
o
kn
ow
n f
rom
th
e typ
e localit
y,
the
se
mi-
eve
rgre
en
fo
rests
in a
nd
a
dja
ce
nt to
Ma
na
s N
atio
na
l P
ark
, A
ssam
, In
dia
. It
se
em
s to
be
ra
re a
nd
is h
ith
ert
o o
nly
kn
ow
n f
rom
ve
ry f
ew
in
div
idu
als
, n
ear
to a
riv
ule
t. T
he
Fru
it is e
dib
le a
nd
is u
se
d f
or
ma
kin
g p
ickle
s b
y
locals
in
Assam
(S
arm
a e
t al., 2
01
6).
Ta
ble
1.
Lis
t o
f G
arc
inia
Sp
ecie
s a
va
ilable
in
Assam
alo
ng
with
loca
l n
am
e,
the
ir h
abita
t, a
nd
eth
no
-bo
tan
y.
Abbre
via
tio
ns: A
ss. fo
r A
ssam
ese a
nd K
. fo
r K
arb
i
446
Plate 1 (a-j): Showing minor and underutilized fruit crops available in Assam.
j. Different Garcinia species available in Assam
Garcinia cowa Garcinia morella Garcinia paniculata
Garcinia pedunculata Garcinia xanthochymus
g). Poniol (Flacourtia jangomos) h). Silikha (Terminilia chebula) i). Jamun (Syzygium cuminii)
d). Amora (Spondius mangifera) e). Leteku (Baccurea sapida) f). Outenga (Dillenia indica)
a). Bael (Aegle marmelos) b). Kordoi (Averrhoa carambola) c). Amlokhi (Phyllanthus emblica)
Hazarika, B. et al. / J. Appl. & Nat. Sci. 12(3): 442 - 453 (2020)
447
Co
mm
on
or
En
gli
sh
na
me
Scie
nti
fic n
am
e w
ith
Fa
mil
y
Ch
ara
cte
risti
cs
Y
ield
/ tr
ee
O
rig
in a
nd
Dis
trib
uti
on
U
se a
nd
Rem
ark
Anola
P
hylla
nth
thus e
mbelic
a L
Phylla
nth
aceae
Mediu
m s
ized tre
e w
ith s
ma
ll le
aves, fr
uit m
a-
ture
s in J
an –
Fe
b.
1500-
2000nos.
India
Wild
and d
om
esticate
d,
sour,
ric
h in V
it. C
and
Ca,
fruits e
ach w
eig
hs 3
0-5
0 g
(D
eka e
t al.,
2012).
Ber/
Kul
India
n P
lum
/ Juju
be
Zyzy
phus m
auritia
na
Rham
naceae
Th
orn
y t
ree , m
atu
res in J
an –
Fe
b
100kg f
ruits
India
, S
-E C
hin
a M
P, Jhar-
khand,
Odis
ha, W
.B., A
s-
sam
Culti
vate
d,
min
or, g
ood n
utriti
ve v
alu
e,
eate
n f
resh,
15 v
arietie
s a
re th
ere
(R
oy
et al.,
1998).
Bili
mbi/C
ara
mbola
Tre
e S
orr
el
Averr
ohoe c
arr
mbole
L O
x-
ilid
iaceae
Big
tre
e,
elo
ngate
d c
ucum
ber
like fru
its a
re in
clu
ste
r, y
ello
wis
h g
reen w
hen
rip
e,
500 n
os.
Indo-C
hin
a,
Indo-G
enetic p
lain
, A
ssam
Wild
and d
om
esticate
d, sw
eet
and s
our
in t
aste
,
used a
s c
hutn
ey,
hig
h V
it. C
(D
as a
nd P
rakash,
2009).
Gola
p J
am
un
Rose A
pple
Syzg
ium
ja
mbos L
( A
lsto
ne)
Myrt
aceae
A b
ig s
hru
b, sm
all-
to-m
ediu
m-
siz
ed t
ree,
15 m
ht,
with a
tendency t
o lo
w b
ranchin
g.
Rip
e F
ruit
giv
es r
attlin
g s
ound o
n s
hakin
g. T
he s
kin
is t
hin
and w
axy
. T
he f
low
ers
are
lik
e g
uava a
nd it
matu
res in
June-J
uly
.
400 n
os.
South
East A
sia
WB
, A
ssam
, B
ihar,
Jhark
hand, M
eghala
ya
Wild
and d
om
esticate
d.
Hig
h m
edic
inal valu
e.
Th
e r
ipe F
ruit h
as a
str
ong,
ple
asant
rose f
low
er
like s
mell
hence the n
am
e R
ose a
pple
. F
inds
good m
ark
et
(Roy e
t al.,
1998).
Anjir
Fig
Fic
us r
acem
osa L
Mora
ceae B
ig tre
e,
reddis
h f
ruit b
ears
on the tru
nk
100 k
g
Asia
min
or
Assam
, W
B,
Tripu-
ra, M
egh
ala
ya
Dom
esticate
d a
nd w
ild,
apart
fro
m r
ipe F
ruit,
gre
en f
ruits a
re e
ate
n a
s v
egeta
ble
s n
ot m
uch in
use a
s fru
it (
Malik
et al.,
2010).
Karo
nda
Cassia
cara
nda L
Apocyna-
ceae
Shru
b, fr
uits r
ipe in
July
August
10kg
Indo –
Java, th
roughout
India
Min
or,
dom
esticate
d, sour
in t
aste
, rich in
Vit.
C
used a
s c
hutn
ey (
Roy e
t al.,
1998).
Kokam
Mangoste
ne
Garc
inia
mangoste
ne L
Gutt
ifera
e
Mediu
m s
ized tre
e,
dense c
anopy, F
ruit m
a-
ture
s in A
pril- M
ay,
fruits a
re b
err
y,
glo
bose
500 n
os.
Mala
ya W
.B., A
ssam
M
inor,
dom
esticate
d, used f
or
dyin
g a
nd
str
ength
enin
g the c
otton thre
ad o
f fishin
g n
et ,
rich in a
ntio
xid
ants
(M
itra
et
al., 2008b)
Late
ku/ Latk
a
Burm
ese g
rape
Baccaru
ia s
apid
a M
uellA
rg
Euphorb
iaceae
Matu
res in
July
-July
, th
e F
ruit is u
sed f
or
ritu
al
purp
ose d
urin
g t
he H
oly
Chario
t pro
cessio
n o
f
Lord
Jagannath
.
70kg
Burm
a r
egio
n W
B, A
ssam
Meghala
ya,
Trip
ura
Min
or
and d
om
esticate
d,
als
o u
sed a
s m
edic
ine
and w
ine,
edib
le s
eed w
ith p
ulp
y a
ril, e
ate
n
fresh (
Mitra
et
al., 2008a).
Ponio
l
Govorn
or
Plu
m
Fla
ocort
ia in
dic
a M
err
Fla
cort
ia ja
ngom
as
Fla
cort
iaceae
Thorn
y s
hru
bby h
edge,
2m
heig
ht
2-3
kg
India
Assam
, W
est B
engal
Wild
, F
ruits a
re g
enera
lly im
pro
ved b
y r
olli
ngbe-
tween
th
e p
alm
s befo
re e
atin
g; excess e
atin
g
may g
ive n
arc
otic e
ffect
(Sasi et al.,
2018).
Sitaphal
Custa
rd a
pple
Annona s
quam
osa L
An-
nonaceae
Shru
b lik
e t
ree,
with s
mall
leaves, fr
uits h
ave
gritt
y s
tructu
re w
ith g
rain
y p
ulp
, m
atu
res in
Sept-
Oct
100 n
os.
Tro
pic
al A
merica
W.B
., O
dis
ha, Jhar-
khand ,
MP
, A
ssam
etc
.
Wild
and d
om
esticate
d, le
aves h
ave in
secticid
al
pro
pert
ies,
eate
n r
aw
, good t
aste
(R
oy e
t al.,
1998).
Bre
ad f
ruit
Art
ocarp
aus a
ltili
s (
Park
)
Fo
sb M
ora
ceae
Big
tre
e,
like ja
ck f
ruit, la
rge p
innate
le
aves,
late
x
50-8
0
nos.
Mala
yan A
rchip
ela
go L
at-
eritic z
ones o
n I
ndia
Wild
and m
inor,
ric
h in
Ca, beta
caro
tene (
Malik
et
al.,
2010).
Bala
tha
Lasura
Cord
ia m
yxa L
Bora
gin
a-
ceae
Shru
b, th
e F
ruit
matu
re d
uring J
uly
- A
ugust. G
row
in d
iffere
nt agro
- clim
atic
conditi
on; It is
a k
ind o
f a
dru
pe, lig
ht pale
to b
row
n o
r even p
ink in
colo
ur.
Used in
Ayurv
eda. T
ole
rate
arid w
eath
er
20 k
g
Asia
/ A
fric
a
Diffe
rent part
s o
n India
WB
., A
ssam
, A
.P.,
Fully
rip
e F
ruit
is q
uite
sw
eet in
tast
e h
avi
ng m
uci
lagi-
nous
pulp
and is
fully
enjo
yed b
y ch
ildre
n. T
he p
ulp
in
a h
alf
ripe fru
it ca
n e
ven b
e u
sed a
s an a
ltern
ativ
e to
paper glu
e in
offic
e w
ork
(C
hadha, 2001).
Ta
ble
2.
Lis
t o
f so
me
of
the
min
or
and
uncu
ltiv
ate
d f
ruits a
va
ilab
le in
Assa
m.
Co
ntd
…..
.
Hazarika, B. et al. / J. Appl. & Nat. Sci. 12(3): 442 - 453 (2020)
448
Lata
bel
Passio
n F
ruit
Pla
ssiflo
ra e
dulis
Sim
s
Pla
ssiflo
raceae
Vin
e, sim
ilarity
with p
assio
n f
low
er,
Fru
it is
juic
y w
ith s
eeds h
avin
g a
fla
vour.
Tre
llisin
g
is n
eeded, flo
wers
thro
ughout
the y
ear,
thre
e m
onth
s c
rop
60-8
0
fruits/
vin
e
Bra
zil
W.B
., A
ssam
, M
eghala
ya
Min
or,
dom
esticate
d, good s
ourc
e o
f beta
caro
-
tene, V
it C
and iro
n.
Lesser
know
n.
Giv
es f
ruit-
ing a
fter
10 m
onth
s,
live u
p t
o 6
years
(M
alik
et
al., 2010).
Loquat
Japanese P
lum
E
rio
botr
ya ja
ponic
a L
Rosaceae
Mediu
m s
ized e
ver
gre
en t
ree,
with s
hort
trunk, 10 m
ht, m
atu
res in e
arly s
prin
g ,
sm
all
round s
haped y
ello
w F
ruit
50 k
g
Centr
al C
hin
a, Japan
W.B
., S
tate
s o
f N
-E, A
s-
sam
, T
rip
ura
Wild
and d
om
esticate
d,
eate
n fre
sh,
good taste
(Roy e
t al.,
1998).
Mulb
err
y
Mo
rus a
lba L
Mora
ceae
Sm
all
siz
ed t
ree, sm
all
cylin
drical bla
ck-
reddis
h F
ruit, le
aves u
sed for
feedin
g t
he
silk
mo
th la
rva
3-4
kg
Nort
h C
hin
a
W.B
.,
Assam
, N
-E
sta
tes,
Odis
ha, K
arn
ata
ka
Dom
esticate
d, sm
all
fruits, eate
n b
y s
mall
chil-
dre
n,
good t
aste
birds,
used f
or
jam
fodder
and
gre
en le
af m
anure
(M
alik
et al.,
2010).
Ram
phal
Custa
rd a
pple
Annona r
eticula
ta L
An-
nonaceae
Mediu
m s
ized tre
e,
big
ger
leaves, sm
ooth
Fru
it w
ith h
exagonal m
ark
ings,
gra
iny p
ulp
,
matu
res in
Mar-
April.
80-1
00 n
os.
Tro
pic
al A
merica
W.B
., O
dis
ha, Jhark
hand
,MP
, A
ssam
etc
.
Wild
and d
om
esticate
d, fr
uits a
re e
ate
n r
aw
,
pre
ferr
ed b
y c
hild
ren (
Malik
et al., 2010).
Phals
a
Gre
wia
asia
tica L
Maste
rs
Tili
aceae
Mediu
m tre
e, sm
all
fruits. m
ostly r
elis
hed b
y
sm
all
child
ren,
dro
ught to
lera
nt,
4-8
kg
India
WB
, A
ssam
and O
dis
ha,
Wild
, dom
esticate
d, good m
ark
et price,
used a
s
fille
r pla
nts
in
Mango o
rchard
(R
oy e
t al., 1998).
West In
dia
n C
herr
y
Ma
lphig
ia p
unic
ifolia
L
Malp
hig
iaceae
Mediu
m s
ized s
hru
b,
4 m
ht, w
ithsta
nd
dro
ught
10-1
5 k
g
South
Am
erica
W.B
., A
ssam
,T
rip
ura
Wild
and c
ultiv
ate
d,
richest sourc
es o
f V
it.
C,
lesser
know
n (
Pers
onal com
munic
atio
n w
ith
local people
)
Am
ra
Hog P
lum
Spondiu
s c
yth
era
Sonn
Anacard
iaceae
Decid
uous T
ree,
imm
atu
re f
ruits a
re u
sed in
culin
ary
art
, J
uly
-Aug,
imm
atu
re f
ruits a
re
eate
n in
culin
ary
art
, July
Aug
30 q
uin
tal
Poly
nesia
W.B
., A
ssam
, M
eghala
ya,
Trip
ura
Sour,
used in c
hutn
ey, A
yurv
edic
pro
pert
ies
(Roy e
t al.,
1998).
Anshfa
l Longan
Euphoria
lo
ngan L
am
k
Sapin
daceae
Big
tre
e, m
atu
res in
June, lik
e litchi sm
alle
r
in s
ize b
ut th
e p
ulp
is less.
30kg
Indo B
urm
a R
egio
n A
s-
sam
, W
B, T
rip
ura
Wild
and d
om
esticate
d T
here
are
300 v
arie
tie
s
in C
hin
a,
eate
n f
resh, good t
aste
(C
hadha,
2001).
Bakul/ M
auls
ari
Spanis
h C
herr
y
Mim
usops e
lengi L S
apota
-
ceae
Tre
e w
ith d
ense le
af
canopy, used a
s s
hade
tree in
gard
ens.
Th
e o
range
-red F
ruit is
hairy. M
atu
res in
April –
May.
Sm
all
fruits,
each w
eig
hin
g 1
0-1
5 g
.
10 k
g
South
Asia
WB
, A
ssam
, Jhark
hand,
Trip
ura
Wild
and d
om
esticate
d,
havin
g A
yurv
edic
pro
p-
ert
ies. It is e
ate
n m
ostly b
y c
hild
ren
. T
he w
ood is
extr
em
ely
hard
, str
ong a
nd tough, and r
ich d
eep
red in
colo
r (M
alik
et
al., 2010).
Bata
bi
Pum
ello
Citru
s g
randis
Osbeck
Ruatc
eae
Big
siz
ed f
ruit,5
00g-
1kg
50 n
os.
S-E
Asia
WB
, A
ssam
, O
dis
ha
Dom
esticate
d, sw
eet,
eate
n f
resh, hig
h m
edic
i-
nal valu
e,
use for
de-w
orm
ing in
child
ren
(Chadha,
2001).
Bon A
m/
Wild
Mango H
imala
yan
Mango
Ma
ngifera
sylv
atica A
na-
card
iaceae/ Ir
vin
gia
ceae
Everg
reen t
rees, up t
o 2
5 m
ete
rs, th
reat-
ened s
pecie
s,
Fru
it is v
ery
elo
ngate
d
50 k
g
India
Nepal, A
ssam
, M
eghala
-
ya,
Trip
ura
Main
ly u
sed f
or
jam
, pic
kle
(R
oy e
t al.,
1998).
Chalta/k
ara
mbel
Dill
enia
Dill
enia
in
dia
L D
ille
nia
ceae
Big
tre
e, fib
rous c
aly
x is e
ate
n, m
atu
res in
Jul- A
ug
80-1
00 n
os.
Assam
, W
.B.
Used f
or
chutn
ey (
Pers
onal com
munic
atio
n w
ith
local people
)
Duria
n
Dura
ize b
eth
inus
Bom
baceae
Big
tre
e,
like ja
ck f
ruit s
weet
aril w
ith p
ulp
but
unple
asant
odour
100-2
00 k
g
Burm
a W
.B., A
ssam
,
Odis
ha, M
eghala
ya
Unple
asant sm
ell,
eate
n fre
sh, used a
s jam
,
jelly
, giv
es e
nerg
y (
Malik
et
al., 2010).
Ta
ble
2.
Co
ntd
…..
.
Co
ntd
…..
.
Hazarika, B. et al. / J. Appl. & Nat. Sci. 12(3): 442 - 453 (2020)
449
Jalp
ai
Oliv
e
Ela
cocarp
us f
lorib
unda
Ela
eocarp
aceae
Mediu
m s
ized tre
e, F
ruit m
atu
res d
urin
g
Sept –O
ct,
Fru
it is lig
ht
gre
en d
rupe,
2 to 5
cm
lo
ng a
nd 1
.5-2
.5 c
m in
girth
. B
oth
ends
of
Fru
it a
re p
oin
ted,
oute
r surf
ace s
mooth
havin
g a
mesocarp
fle
shy
30-4
0 k
g
Madagascar
WB
, A
ssam
, T
ripu-
ra, M
egh
ala
ya
Wild
and d
om
esticate
d, sour,
used a
s c
hutn
ey,
pic
kle
s,
rich in F
e (
Chadha, 2001).
Kayeth
Bael/K
aitha
Ele
phant
apple
Fe
ronia
lim
onea L
Sw
ingle
Ruta
ceae
Big
tre
e, fr
uits h
ave a
hard
cover,
matu
res
Sept-
Oct, s
uccule
nt pla
centa
and inner
pericarp
is e
ate
n
1000 n
os.
India
/ S
ri L
anka
WB
, A
ssam
, Jhark
hand,
Trip
ura
Wild
and d
om
esticate
d, sw
eet
and s
our,
eate
n
as fre
sh C
hutn
ey, cooked a
nd p
ickle
s, bark
has
insecticid
al pro
pert
ies (
Roy e
t al., 1998).
Putu
s
Spanis
h f
lag
Lanta
na c
am
era
Verv
inaceae
Shru
b w
ith s
ma
ll th
orn
s a
round t
he s
tem
. 300g
Centr
al A
merica
WB
, A
ssam
, T
rip
-
ura
,
Invasiv
e a
lien s
p., g
row
n r
oad s
ide, sm
all
fruits
are
edib
le p
refe
rred b
y c
hild
ren,
leaves h
ave
insectic
idal p
ropert
ies (
Pers
onal com
munic
atio
n
with lo
cal people
).
Bael
Sto
ne a
pple
Aegel m
arm
elo
s L
Corr
.
Serr
Ruta
ceae
Big
decid
uous t
ree, ta
kes
11 m
onth
s t
o
matu
re in M
ar-
April, h
avin
g h
ard
shell,
Num
ero
us h
airy s
eeds a
re e
ncapsula
ted in
a s
limy m
ucila
ge,
yello
w p
ulp
, one b
ig F
ruit
may w
eig
h 1
kg
500 n
os.
India
WB
, O
dis
ha, Jhark
hand,
Assam
, la
teritic b
elts o
f
India
,
Wid
ely
used in
Ayurv
edic
medic
ine,
good la
xa-
tive, m
atu
re a
nd im
matu
re F
ruit is e
ate
n,
rip
e
Fru
it e
ate
n f
resh, S
acre
d t
ree for
the H
indus,
thrives w
ell
in e
xtr
em
e h
igh a
nd low
tem
pera
ture
(Chadha,
2001).
Bila
ti A
mra
Hog P
lum
Spondiu
s p
innata
Kurz
Anacard
iaceae
Decid
uous T
ree,
imm
atu
re f
ruits a
re u
sed
in c
ulin
ary
art
, J
uly
-Aug , F
ruit is b
igger
thanS
cyth
era
,
40quin
tal
Tro
pic
al A
sia
WB
, A
ssam
, M
eghala
ya,
Trip
ura
Sw
eet
and s
our,
eate
n r
aw
with s
alt, used in
Chutn
ey,
pic
kle
s, im
matu
re fru
its a
re e
ate
n in
culin
ary
art
, July
-Aug (
Roy e
t al.,
1998).
Imli
Tam
arin
d
Ta
marin
dus in
dic
a L
Legu-
min
oseae
Big
tre
e,2
0-2
5 m
ht, e
longate
d r
ipe f
ruits
matu
res in
Mar-
April, p
rovid
es g
ood s
hade
5-1
0 q
uin
tal
India
Indo
Gangetic
pla
ins, W
.B.,
Assam
, O
dis
ha
Sour
taste
, ra
w c
onsum
ptio
n is less, used in
culin
ary
art
, chutn
ey,
rich in
K,
Ca, P
and V
it C
(Malik
et al.,
2010).
Jangli
Badam
Wild
India
n N
ut
Ste
rculia
foetid
a L
Ste
rcu-
liaceae
Th
e b
ranches a
re w
horle
d a
nd u
sually
horizonta
l, w
ith p
alm
lik
e le
aves g
racefu
lly
up-c
urv
ed a
nd c
row
ded a
t th
e e
nds w
ith
larg
e.
Fru
it is a
n a
ggre
gate
of fo
llicle
of
1-5
,
scarlet, b
oat shaped,
woody.
Th
e s
eeds a
re
edib
le a
fter
toastin
g a
nd t
aste
lik
e c
hest-
nuts
100 n
os.
East
Afr
ica/
Tro
pi-
cal A
sia
WB
, A
ssam
, Jhark
hand
Th
e s
eed c
onta
in o
il used a
s m
edic
ine; th
e tim
-
ber
is u
sed for
makin
g f
urn
iture
and t
he b
ark
for
rope (
Pers
onal com
munic
atio
n w
ith lo
cal peo-
ple
).
Jili
pfa
l/G
anga im
li
Sw
eet
Tam
arin
d
Inga d
ulc
is R
oxb F
abeace
Big
tre
e a
lso k
now
n a
s M
adra
s t
horn
,
dro
ught
resis
tant, g
ives fru
itin
g in
April –
May.
100kg
Me
xic
o/
Centr
al A
merica,
W.B
., B
ihar,
A
ssam
,
Jhark
hand, T
rip
ura
Wild
, fr
uits a
re lik
e t
am
arin
d p
od w
ith r
eddis
h
coatin
g, pulp
is s
pongy, eate
n m
ostly b
y c
hil-
dre
n (
Roy e
t al.,
1998).
Dam
pel/A
san K
andis
Fa
lse M
angoste
ne
Garc
inia
xanth
ochym
us
Hook C
lusia
ceae
Big
tre
e, fr
uits, soft,
light
yello
w,
gro
ws in
axils
of
bra
nches, edib
le a
rils
, poin
ted a
t
rear
end.
30 k
g
India
, B
urm
a
W.B
., A
ssam
, O
dis
ha
Used a
s jam
s,
and c
urr
ies.
Th
e d
ried f
ruit s
ap is
calle
d g
am
boge a
nd p
rovid
es a
dye t
hat is
used
in w
ate
r colo
r pain
ts, m
edic
inal valu
e (
Malik
et
al., 2010).
Ta
ble
2.
Contd
…..
.
Co
ntd
…..
.
Hazarika, B. et al. / J. Appl. & Nat. Sci. 12(3): 442 - 453 (2020)
450
Jam
un
Wild
Jum
un
Syzy
giu
m c
um
inii
L S
keels
Myrt
aceae
Big
tre
e w
ith d
ense folia
ge p
rovin
g s
hade
alo
ng t
he r
oad s
ide, soft b
lack F
ruit w
ith
skin
and p
ulp
not separa
ble
.
50 k
g
India
Indo G
angetic p
lain
s,
W.B
., A
ssam
, O
dis
ha
Hig
hly
perishable
, eate
n fre
sh, rich in
Iodin
e,
seed is u
sed to c
ure
dia
bete
s, le
aves u
sed a
s
fodder,
one o
f sacre
d fru
its o
f th
e H
indus
(Rath
ore
, 2012).
K
heju
r
Wild
Date
Phonix
sylv
estr
is L
Roxb
Are
caceae
Date
palm
tre
e, th
rives w
ell
in d
rought
con-
ditio
n,
fruits m
atu
res in
May-
June, sm
all
bro
wn
clo
ure
d F
ruit h
avin
g less fle
sh,
50 k
g
India
WB
, A
ssam
, O
d-
isha, Jhark
hand
Wild
cultiv
ate
d a
nd d
om
esticate
d. s
weet
xyle
m
sap is c
olle
cte
d d
urin
g w
inte
r m
onth
s for
makin
g
mola
sses a
nd a
lcoholic
drink (
Chadha,
2001).
Ram
buta
n
Nepheliu
m la
ppaceum
L
Sapin
daceae
Mediu
m s
ized e
ver
gre
en t
ree, m
atu
res in
July
-Sept, e
llip
soid
al F
ruit in
clu
ste
r, lik
e
litchi w
ith s
mall
hairs o
ver
it
aril,
In
donesia
WB
, A
ssam
, M
eghala
ya
Th
reate
ned s
p, E
ate
n fre
sh a
s d
essert
, hig
h v
it.
C u
sed a
s s
yru
p, Juic
y p
ulp
Roy e
t al.,
1998).
Rasbhari
Cape G
ooseberr
y
Physalis
peru
via
na
L S
ola
-
naceae
Herb
, sm
all
seedy b
err
ies w
ith p
apery
ca-
lyx,
resem
blin
g a
min
iatu
re s
pherical yello
w
tom
ato
. it is a
bout th
e s
ize o
f a m
arb
le
about
1–
2 c
m in
dia
mete
r. L
ike a
tom
ato
, it
is b
rig
ht
yello
w
to o
range in
colo
r, g
ood
shelf li
fe
1-2
kg
Peru
/ C
olu
mbia
WB
, A
ssam
, and o
ther
part
s o
f In
dia
Recently intr
oduced a
nd c
ultiv
ate
d in
sm
all
pockets
, rich in V
it C
, used in f
olk
medic
ine,
used a
s jam
(R
oy e
t al.,
1998)
Ta
al
Asia
n P
alm
yra
palm
/
To
ddy p
alm
Bora
ssus f
labelli
fer
L A
re-
caceae
Bra
nch less p
alm
, m
atu
res in J
uly
- A
ug, th
e
rip
ened f
ibro
us o
ute
r la
yer
of th
e p
alm
fru
its
can a
lso b
e e
ate
n r
aw
, boile
d, or
roaste
d.
Imm
atu
re F
ruit is c
ut and thre
e je
lly lik
e
seeds a
re e
ate
n a
fter
rem
ovin
g t
he t
hin
layer.
Th
e w
hite k
ern
el of th
e g
erm
inate
d
seed is a
lso e
ate
n..
200 n
os.
India
n s
ubcontin
ent W
.B.,
Odis
ha, A
ssam
Th
e in
flo
rescence is c
ut
and the x
yle
m s
ap
(ju
ice)
is c
olle
cte
d b
y h
angin
g e
art
hen p
ot. T
he
juic
e s
o c
olle
cte
d e
arly m
orn
ing is a
refr
eshin
g
drin
k a
nd lig
ht
alc
oholic
drink is m
ade f
rom
the
juic
e. R
ipened F
ruit h
as fib
rous o
ute
r la
yer,
tole
rate
dro
ught, e
ate
n f
resh b
y t
ribal people
,
the y
ello
w p
ulp
is p
rocessed (
Malik
et
al., 2010).
Bila
ti G
aab
India
n P
ers
imm
on/ V
elv
et
apple
Dio
spyro
s b
lancoi
A.
D.C
.
Ebenaceae
Dio
ecio
us t
ropic
al tr
ee,
gro
ws
well
from
the s
ea le
vel to
the 2
,400 f
eet
above t
he s
ea level,
Sapota
lik
e f
ruits
with
reddis
h
velv
ety
la
yer,
mediu
m s
ized
80-1
00
nos.
Phili
ppin
es
W.B
.,
Assam
, Jhar-
khand
Wild
and d
om
esticate
d ,
eate
n fre
sh,
tim
er
is v
ery
hard
calle
d iro
n w
ood (
Roy e
t al.,
1998)
Deoa
Monkey J
ack
Art
ocarp
us lakoocha
Ro
xb M
ora
ceae
Big
tre
e.
Th
e o
range
-yello
w m
ale
flo
wers
and r
eddis
h fem
ale
flo
wers
gro
w s
epara
tely
on t
he s
am
e t
rees. V
elv
ety
, dull
yello
w
syncarp
fru
its a
re n
early r
ound o
r irre
gula
r
70 k
g / 2
50
nos.
appro
x.
India
WB
, A
ssam
, T
rip
ura
Sw
eet
sour
pulp
, lik
e jack fru
it,
genera
lly e
ate
n
fresh. U
sed a
s c
hutn
ey.
Each F
ruit c
onta
ins 2
0–
30 s
eeds t
hat
are
fle
shy w
ith t
hin
seed c
oat,
leaves u
sed a
s f
odder
(Chadha,
2001).
Jam
rul/Jam
an
Sta
r A
pple
/ W
ax a
pple
Syzy
giu
m
sam
are
ngense
(Blu
me)
Merr
ill &
Perr
y M
yrt
aceae
Everg
reen
tree
with big
l
eaves,
berr
y b
ell
shaped f
ruit m
atu
res in J
une
-July
(rain
y)
and in
Jan –
Fe
b (
win
ter)
for
se-
cond flu
sh
,
win
ter
fruits a
re s
weete
r th
an r
ain
y s
eason
siz
e v
arie
s
40 k
g, one
big
Fru
it
weig
h 6
0 g
Mala
y,
Andam
an
Isla
nd
W.B
., A
ssam
, T
rip
ura
Fru
its a
re b
ell
shaped, diffe
rent
Colo
rs-p
urp
le,
reddis
h,
white. It d
oes n
ot ta
ste
like a
pple
, fin
ds a
good m
ark
et
(Malik
et
al.,
2010).
Panifal
Wate
r chestn
ut
Tra
pa b
ispin
osa
Cypera
ceae
A flo
atin
g a
quatic p
lant
havin
g
nutlik
e F
ruit a
nd gro
wn
in
low
-
lyin
g w
ate
r bodie
s, m
atu
res in S
ept-
Oct
24 t
/ ha
Afr
ica
WB
, A
ssam
Edib
le c
orm
s, rich in
die
tary
fib
re a
nd
Min
era
ls (
Pers
onal com
munic
atio
n w
ith lo
cal
people
)
Ta
ble
2.
Contd
…..
.
Index-
ht-
Heig
ht in
me
ter,
W.B
.- W
est B
engal sta
te o
f In
dia
, A
P-
Andhra
Pra
desh s
tate
, M
.P.-
Madhya P
radesh s
tate
Hazarika, B. et al. / J. Appl. & Nat. Sci. 12(3): 442 - 453 (2020)
451
Naga tenga (Myrica esculenta) : It belongs to Myri-
caceae family and is commonly known as box berry
or kaphal and Naga tenga in Assam is an important
Indian medicinal plant. The plant is also reported to
have innumerable significant pharmacological activi-
ties like analgesic, anxiolytic, antiallergic, antidiabetic,
antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antiulcer, antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory evaluated by using various ani-
mal models (Sood and Shri, 2018).
Wild jackfruit (Artocarpus hirsutus): It belongs to
the Moraceae family commonly known as wild jack-
fruit. The Artocarpus (Moraceae) comprises about 50
species of evergreen and deciduous trees. The genus
is economically importance as a source of edible Fruit,
timber and folk medicines Artocarpus hirsutus is a tall
evergreen tree, generally 20-25 m in height and up to
5 m in girth; fruits are edible, bright yellow, ovoid cov-
ered with spines, seeds ovoid and white. It required
warm humid climate heavy rainfall and thrived week in
any type of soil (Thomas et al., 2016).
Rattan (Calamus rotang): It belongs to the family
Arecaceae, a shrub-like species found mainly in
coastal swamp forest which is indigenous to South-
west Asia like India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka. It is a di-
oecious rattan palm that grows up to 10 m tall. Tradi-
tionally rattan is used as a vermifuge in tribal people in
Assam (Basumatary et al., 2004). Fresh root juice is
used in asthma, insomnia and chronic fever (Patari et
al., 2016). For many years it has assisted in the treat-
ment of various ailments like cough, leprosy and
bleeding disorders whereas leaf sap of this medicinal
plant is generally used for an eye problem (Gupta and
Chaphalkas, 2015).
MINOR AND UNCULTIVATED FRUITS
Considering the importance of conservation and em-
phasizing their importance, brief information regarding
the minor and uncultivated fruits available in Assam
has been mentioned in table 2.
North-East India, more particularly Assam is honoured
with tremendous plant hereditary assets, particularly
underutilized Fruit (UUF) crops. Precise development
of organic product crops is low when contrasted with
all outcrops accessible in the state. These yields are
playing an essential job in giving food security, nour-
ishing security, wellbeing security, business and finan-
cial security to poor masses in rural regions. Their
business significance, dietary status and market es-
teem are obscure to the rustic network. There is a
huge degree to advocate these in non-conventional
zones, and these yields might be helpful crude materi-
als for food handling ventures. Further, the tremen-
dous hereditary assorted variety in different organic
product crops offers a tremendous extension for as-
sortment, preservation, reproducing and improvement
for the advantage of rustic and ancestral networks of
Assam. The expansion in region and creation of these
organic product harvests will give wholesome security,
set aside cash and fare of new organic product har-
vests and lift the locale's economy. These organic
product crops additionally give many-overlap business
openings in agro-based enterprises, bundling, stockpil-
ing, conservation, canning furthermore, transportation.
There are various minor fruits in Assam which have
restorative, remedial and dietary benefit. These are
additionally known for their superb flavour, delicious-
ness and alluring appearance (Barua et al., 2019).
Urban buyers today are getting progressively cogni-
zant and mindful of their wellbeing and nourishing an-
gles. There is an expanded accentuation by govern-
ment and non-government offices to advocated cus-
tomary and normal items. Taking into account all these
ongoing improvements in customary wellbeing areas,
underutilized fruits have splendid advertising prospect
in the coming years. Be that as it may, these heredi-
tary assets of the state are confronting an incredible
danger of termination because of environmental
change, urbanisation and the enormous scope of de-
velopmental projects. Additionally, these fruits have
been ignored for a long time by specialists, strategy
creators and subsidising offices and are as of now a
considerable lot of these are undermined with eradica-
tion (Buragohain, 2011). So, to safeguard the existing
minor fruits of the state and to achieve sustainable
development based on the use of these species is of
immense importance. Organised handling and produc-
tion and value addition for esteem expansion of items
would improve the pay of small and minor ranchers
and business holder and help in on-farm preservation
of these important natural minor fruits.
Conclusion
North-Eastern India is presented with the most amia-
ble climatic conditions for the production of underuti-
lized fruit crops. Other than this quality seeds and
planting material, assortments of these fruit crops
couldn't be produced and traded. The expansion
in area and production of these crops not just give nu-
tritional security and get a good deal on import but also
export of fresh fruits and processed fruit products are
additionally expected to boost the economy of the re-
gion. A large portion of these underutilized
fruit trees established through natural regeneration of
seeds develop gradually with no nutrition; begin bear-
ing fruits after a long gestation period and produce
fruits of substandard quality. Subsequently, these spe-
cies remain disregarded with no commercial signifi-
cance. Notwithstanding, there is further need to set up
field demonstrations to give first-hand exposure to the
farmers for popularising these species.
Hazarika, B. et al. / J. Appl. & Nat. Sci. 12(3): 442 - 453 (2020)
452
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