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© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by
the Minister of Natural Resources, 2019
Overview of Biomass Thermochemical Conversion Research at CanmetENERGY-
Ottawa for the Utilization of Forestry Residues
Dillon Mazerolle
CIF-IFC National Conference 2019Session: Advances in the Forest Bio-economy Supply Chain
October 7th, 2019
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by
the Minister of Natural Resources, 2019
NRCan: Bioenergy Program at CanmetENERGY-Ottawa (CE-O)
Increased utilization of biomass will allow Canadian industries to lower their carbon footprint while using secure, local, sustainable resources. Communities also derive economic and employment benefits from increased use of local resources. CE-O advances these national interests through innovation on conversion of biomass for energy and production of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels.
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by
the Minister of Natural Resources, 2019
CE-O Biomass Conversion Facilities 1A. 50-200 kg/hr extruding briquette machine
B. 1 MWth1 Moving Grate Boiler: Wood chips, pellets, hog
fuel, bark, oat hulls, corn stover/cobs, willow, switchgrass, miscanthus, bio-oil, etc.
C. 20L hydrothermal carbonization / steam explosion processing unit
D. Slow pyrolysis/carbonization unit (rotary drum or kiln)1: Rating Based on input
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D
A B
C
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by
the Minister of Natural Resources, 2019
CE-O Biomass Conversion Facilities 2E. 25-150 kWth
1 biomass gasification with tar control capabilities
F. Twin Fast Pyrolysis pilot plants at 10 kg/h (one fluidized bed and one ablative unit)
G. 50 kWth1 modified heavy oil furnace for biofuel combustion
H. 1-3 kg/hr process development unit for production of bio-distillate transportation fuels (biojet & renewable diesel) from biocrude intermediates 1: Rating Based on input
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E.1
F
HG
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by
the Minister of Natural Resources, 2019
Biomass Value Chain Challenges5
Optimizing on-site pre-processing and transportation
Matching feedstock to conversion technology
Overcoming technical challenges during conversion and scaling factors
Optimizing yields and treatment pathways
Public perception and acceptance
Infrastructure: supply contracts, distribution and
use
Product specifications and standards
Regulation Compliance
Inventory & mapping
Storage, handling, transportation, processing
practices
Optimizing material yields
Competing markets for raw materials
Harvest and Upstream
ConversionDownstream and End-Use
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by
the Minister of Natural Resources, 2019
Feedstock Properties: Myth vs. Reality
• Conversion technologies are not “feedstock agnostic” as some suppliers boast
• To achieve “feedstock adaptability” of conversion processes, interactions between feedstock and conversion process must be understood
• Knowledge and data gaps exist on the qualitative and quantitative attributes of potential bioenergy & waste feedstocks for thermochemical conversion processes
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© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by
the Minister of Natural Resources, 2019
Feedstock Heterogeneity & Variability-Example7
Mixed Harvest Residue Sawmill Bark
Sorted Wood from C&DSalt-Laden Hog
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by
the Minister of Natural Resources, 2019
Interactions of Feedstocks and Conversion Processes
Feedstock
Process
Product
Thermochemical Conversion Performance and Yields-Gasification -Torrefaction & Carbonization-Pyrolysis (fast, intermediate, slow)-Hydrothermal carbonization
Feedstock Characterization-Forestry residues and products-Agricultural residues and energy crops-Waste or end-of-life materials
Conversion Product Characterization-Gases-Liquids (tars, aqueous condensates, bio-oils, biocrudes, etc.)-solids (char, inorganics)
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© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by
the Minister of Natural Resources, 2019
CE-O Database Structure and Interactions9
Feedstock Information-Geospatial Data-Biomass Species
-Feedstock Classification-Harvest procedure
-Treatment methods, if applicable
Feedstock Properties-Bulk Properties
-Proximate & Ultimate -Biochemical Analysis-Heteroatom Content-Mineral Content and
Composition
Conversion Information-Reactor Temperature &
Pressure Distributions-Condensation Approach
-Scale-Conversion Product Yields
(solid, liquid, gaseous)
Solid Product Properties-Bulk Properties
-Proximate & Ultimate-Heteroatom Content
-Heating Value-Mineral Content and
Composition
Liquid Product Properties-Bulk & Rheological Properties
-CHNO Content-Heating Value
-Mineral Content and Composition
Gaseous Product Properties-Composition
-Gravimetric Tar Content-Heating Value
Feedstock Inventory & Availability-Sustainable
Collection Volumes
Evaluation of Optimal Feedstock Treatment
Pathways
Feedstock Sample Receipt
-Selection Criteria?-“Representative”
sampling?
Product Value-Market Value and
Performance-GHG Reduction Value
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by
the Minister of Natural Resources, 2019
De-risking Biomass Supply Chain10
• Develop densification and pre-treatment protocols for biomass residuals
• Support development of guidelines, protocols and standards related to conversion and utilization of biomass residuals, intermediates and end-products
• Evaluate impact of fuel quality and conversion on emission factors
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by
the Minister of Natural Resources, 2019
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• Maximizing potential from Canada’s sustainable biomass streams requires accessing lower quality, under-utilized materials and wastes
• Economic viability of thermochemical conversion relies on obtaining full utilization of the energy and multitude of products generated, i.e. a combination of gases, liquids, solids and heat
Biorefinery - Snapshot
Conversion: Pyrolysis
Hydrothermal Carbonization Hydrothermal LiquefactionHydrothermal Gasification
TorrefactionGasification
etc.
Pre-treatment:Moisture Reduction
Size ReductionDensification
Contaminant removaletc.
Advanced Liquid Biofuels and Biocrudes:
Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oilsHydrothermal Liquefaction Biocrudes
Pyrolytic LigninChemicals
Distillate Transportation Fuels (biojet, renewable diesel, etc.)
etc.
Gaseous and Fungible Fuels:Renewable Natural Gas (RNG)
Bio-hydrogenCommodity Chemicals (Ex. Methanol)
Renewable Distillate Fuelsetc.
Advanced Solid Biofuels and Bioproducts:
High Density BiocharsMetallurgical Biofuels
Advanced Carbon Materialsetc.
Residual Biomass Feedstocks:
Hog FuelBark
Sawmill & SawdustSlash
Disturbance WoodUsed Wood
etc.
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by
the Minister of Natural Resources, 2019
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Bio-oilBiocrude
Bio-oil and biocrude combustion
Biorefinery Processes – Heat from Biomass
Liquefaction
Conversion: Pyrolysis
Hydrothermal Carbonization Hydrothermal LiquefactionHydrothermal Gasification
TorrefactionGasification
etc.
Advanced Liquid Biofuels and Biocrudes:
Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oilsHydrothermal Liquefaction Biocrudes
Pyrolytic LigninChemicals
Distillate Transportation Fuels (biojet, renewable diesel, etc.)
etc.
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by
the Minister of Natural Resources, 2019
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Organic / Aqueous phases from biomass liquefaction
Pyrolytic Lignin
Biochar and bio-binders
Biorefinery Processes – Bioproducts
Conversion: Pyrolysis
Hydrothermal Carbonization Hydrothermal LiquefactionHydrothermal Gasification
TorrefactionGasification
etc.
Advanced Liquid Biofuels and Biocrudes:
Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oilsHydrothermal Liquefaction Biocrudes
Pyrolytic LigninChemicals
Distillate Transportation Fuels (biojet, renewable diesel, etc.)
etc.
Advanced Solid Biofuels and Bioproducts:
High Density BiocharsMetallurgical Biofuels
Advanced Carbon Materialsetc.
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by
the Minister of Natural Resources, 2019
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Hydrocarbon Product
Jet Fuel Fraction
Bio-oil or biocrude
Biorefinery Processes – Transportation Fuels
Conversion: Pyrolysis
Hydrothermal Carbonization Hydrothermal LiquefactionHydrothermal Gasification
TorrefactionGasification
etc.
Advanced Liquid Biofuels and Biocrudes:
Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oilsHydrothermal Liquefaction Biocrudes
Pyrolytic LigninChemicals
Distillate Transportation Fuels (biojet, renewable diesel, etc.)
etc.
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by
the Minister of Natural Resources, 2019
Research in Advanced Liquid Biofuels
• Upgrading of biocrudes (pyrolysis bio-oils and hydrothermal liquefaction biocrudes) to renewable transportation biofuels – Renewable distillates for further refining in oil refineries
– Preliminary upgrading of NRC biocrude from HTL of algae
– Biojet fuel components
• Green Aviation R&D Network (GARDN) project
• CFS-sponsored project under the Forest Innovation Program
• Conversion of lignin-derived intermediates to drop-in biofuels – R&D agreement with a Canadian company
– Transport Canada-sponsored project on development of lignin-derived renewable diesel fuels for rail applications
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© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by
the Minister of Natural Resources, 2019
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Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Production• Cleaned syngas (after tar and other
contaminants have been removed) can be chemically reacted to form RNG using a methanation catalyst:
• Evaluate syngas cleaning strategies through process optimization, catalytic tar cracking/destruction and feedstock pre-treatment
Biorefinery Processes – RNG Research
Conversion: Pyrolysis
Hydrothermal Carbonization Hydrothermal LiquefactionHydrothermal Gasification
TorrefactionGasification
etc.
Gaseous and Fungible Fuels:Renewable Natural Gas (RNG)
Bio-hydrogenCommodity Chemicals (Ex. Methanol)
Renewable Distillate Fuelsetc.
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by
the Minister of Natural Resources, 2019
Selected Collaborators, Partners & Clients17
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by
the Minister of Natural Resources, 2019
Questions?Dillon Mazerolle
Research EngineerCanmetENERGY-Ottawa,
Natural Resources [email protected]
www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/offices-labs/canmet/5715